Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), September, 2016 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA SECOND RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP II) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) IN IMO STATES, NIGERIA. BY FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT FEDERAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (FPMU) SECOND RURAL ACCESS & MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP 2) NAIC HOUSE, PLOT 590, AO CENTRAL AREA, ABUJA. NOVEMBER, 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), September, 2016
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA
SECOND RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP II)
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)
IN IMO STATES, NIGERIA.
BY
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT FEDERAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (FPMU)
SECOND RURAL ACCESS & MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP 2) NAIC HOUSE, PLOT 590, AO CENTRAL AREA, ABUJA.
NOVEMBER, 2016
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
ii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page Title Page i Table of Contents ii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv List of Boxes iv List of Maps v List of Plates v List of Appendices v List of Acronyms vi Executive Summary ix CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION 1 1.0 Project Background 1 1.1 Project Beneficiaries 1 1.2 The RAMP II Project 1 1.3 Purpose of the ESMF 2 CHAPTER TWO:POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAME WORK 3 2.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Institutional Arrangement for ESMF 3 2.2 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Guidelines 5 2.3 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 6 CHAPTER THREE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 9 3.0 Introduction 9 3.1 Project Components 9 3.2 Applicable Safeguard Policies 9 3.3 Road Selection in Imo State 10 3.4 Analysis of Institutional Capacity 13 CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTIONS OF BASELINE CONDITIONS OF STATES 14 4.0 Introduction 14 4.1 Project location 14 4.2 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions in the RAMP II States 14 CHAPTER FIVE: FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (F-ESMP) 19 5.1 Environmental and Social Screening Process 19 5.2 The Screening Criteria 19 5.3 Screening Findings 20 5.4 Project-Level Environmental and Social Review 28 5.5 Method of Impact Assessment for the Sub-Projects 28
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5.6 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Designs and Tender Documents 28 5.7 Roles and Responsibilities (in the PIU) for the implementation of the F-ESMP 31
CHAPTER SIX : PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 3 4 6.1 Mechanism of Consultation and Participation 34 6.2 Identifying Stakeholders 34 6.3 ESMF Update and Public Involvement 34 6.4 Commonalities and Differences in the States 37 6.5 ESMF Disclosures 37 CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES 38 7.0 Introduction 38 7.1 Approaches to Developing Mitigation Measures 38 7.2 Mitigation Measures 38 43 CHAPTER EIGHT : INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION 47 8.1 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Building 47 8.2 ESMF Communication Plan 50 8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring 51 8.4 Environmental Code of Conduct, Social Integration and Participation 52 8.5 Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State 54 Bibliography Appendices
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
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LIST OF TABLES
Table E1: Table E1: Matrix for the ESMF Implementation x
Table E2: Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State xiii
Table 2.1: Environmental Laws in Nigeria 4
Table 3.1: Identified and Prioritized Rural Roads in Imo State 10
Table 3.2: RAMP I and Likely Triggered Potential Safeguard Policies 11
Table 4.1: Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of RAMP II States 15
Table 5.1: Result of Safeguards Screening of Identified Prioritized Roads 20
Table 5.2: Mitigation Implementation 29
Table 5.3: Roles and Responsibilities for Implementation 32
Table 6.1: Typical Information to be Disclosed 37
Table 7.1: Approaches to Mitigating Measures 38
Table 7.2: Summary of Envisaged Activities 39
Table 7.3: Mitigation Implementation 48
Table 8.1: Safeguard Responsibility 55
Table 8.2: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management 57
Table 8.3: Inclusion of Social Clauses & Mitigation Measures 60
Table 8.4: Estimated Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State 63
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1: Map of Nigeria showing the Geo-Political Zones and the RAMP II Participating States 14
Figure 5.1: Environmental Screening Process 19
LIST OF BOXES Box 2.1: Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment 6
Box 2.2: Summary of EA Procedures (Nigeria vs WB) 6
Box 2.3: Integration of WB EA Requirements with Typical Nigerian Procedure 7
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LIST OF MAPS
Map 1a: Osun RAMP 2 LGA/Km 11
Map 1b: Osun RAMP 2 Roads 11
Map 2a: Niger RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12
Map 2b: Niger RAMP 2 Roads 12
Map 3a: Adamawa RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12
Map 3b: Adamawa RAMP 2 Roads 12
Map 4a: Imo RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12
Map 4b: Imo RAMP 2 Roads 12
Map 5a: Enugu RAMP 2 LGA/Km 13
Map 5b: Enugu RAMP 2 Roads 13
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 6.1: Stakeholders Meeting During ESMF for RAMP II, Owerri, Imo State 36
Plate 6.2: Some Stakeholders During the Meeting at Owerri, Imo State 36
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Summary Of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)
Appendix 2: Attendance Sheet for Stakeholders During ESMF for Imo RAMP 2
Appendix 3: Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix
Appendix 4: List of Stakeholders Consulted During the Updating of ESMF for Imo RAMP 2
Appendix 5: Environmental and Social Code of Conduct for Rural Access Infrastructure Development
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Development Agency)
AfDB African Development Bank
ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
BP Bank Procedures (of the World Bank)
BRT Bus Rapid Transit
CBOs Community Based Organizations
COx Oxides of Carbon
CDD Community Driven Development
CG Community Group
CH4 Methane
CPS Country Partnership Strategy
CSO Community Support Organizations
EA Environmental Assessment
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMU Environmental Monitoring Unit
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ER Environmental Review
ES Environmental Screening
ESAs Environmentally Sensitive Areas
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESM Environmental and Social Management
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
FGN Federal Government of Nigeria
FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment
FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMA&RD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
FPIM Federal Project Implementation Manual
GP Good Practice (GP)
FPMU Federal Project Management Unit
HIV/AIDS Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
IDA International Development Association
IEE Initial Environmental Evaluation
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ILO International Labour Organization
ISP Implementation Support Plan
LB Land Bureau
LGA Local Government Area
LVO Land Valuation Office
MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency
MEnv Ministry of Environment
MoH Ministry of Housing
MoT Ministry of Transportation
NATA Nigerian Agricultural Transformation Agenda
NEAP National Environmental Action Plan
NESREA National Environmental Standards Regulatory and Enforcement Agency
NGO Non- Governmental Organization
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen
NPC National Planning Commission
OPRC Output and Performance-Based Road Contract
ORAF Operational Risk Assessment Framework
PAPs Project Affected Persons
PDO Project Development Objectives
PEMFAR Public Expenditures Management and Financial Accountability Review
PFMU Project Financial Management Unit
PPA Project Preparation Advance
PPP Public Private Partnership
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RAMP Rural Access and Mobility Project
OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank)
OM Operational Manual
OP Operational Policies (of the World Bank)
NPC National Planning Commission
OPRC Output and Performance-based Road Contract
OSH Occupational Safety and Health
PAP Project Affected Peoples
PAPs Project Affected Persons
PID Project Information Document
PIU Project Implementation Unit
PLWA People Living with AIDS
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PMU Project Management Unit
PPUD Physical Planning and Urban Development
PWD Public Works Department
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RP Resettlement Plans
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
SA State Agency
SEPAs State Environmental Protection Agencies
STIs Sexually Transmitted Diseases
SIL Specific Investment Loan
SOx Oxides of Sulphur
SPIM State Project Implementation Manual
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
SPIU State Project Implementation Unit
ToR Terms of Reference
URTI Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES1: Background
The inclusion of Imo State in the Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP II) necessitated the review of the previous Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) reports which were prepared and disclosed in May 2008 for Osun and Enugu States and in May 2012 for Adamawa and Enugu States.
ES 2: Project Components and Objective
The project components include:
Component 1 – Project Preparation Facility Advance, Component 2– Upgrading and Rehabilitation of Rural Transport Infrastructure, Component 3– Community-based road maintenance and annual mechanized maintenance
and Component 4 – State and Federal Institutional strengthening, program’s scaling up and
promotion of rural transport policies
The objective of this ESMF is to ensure that the implementation of the project will be carried out in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner.
The ESMF therefore provides the environmental and social screening process benchmark required to identify, assess and mitigate the potential environmental and social impacts of the rural infrastructure investments.
E3: Existing Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworks
Having discussed the environmental legislation in the previous ESMF reports, other relevant national laws and policies are summarized together with international policies and frameworks including the World Bank operational policies.
E4: Environmental, Social Screening and Assessment
The screening process is the first step in operationalizing the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) process. The screening findings are presented in chapter five while the summary of the envisaged activities together with the corresponding impacts and mitigation measures are also provided in table 6.2.
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E5: Stakeholders Identification
For the purpose of this ESMF, stakeholders are defined as all people and institutions that have an interest in the planning and execution of the project, potentially affected communities, traditional rulers/ religious leaders, NGOs/CBOs, Local Government officials, State MDAs, local/social and professional groups e.g., farmers, market women, road transport workers etc.
E6. Roles and Responsibilities for the implementation of the F-ESMP
The roles and responsibilities matrix for the implementation of the ESMF is presented in the table below.
Xxxxx
Matrix Table E1: Matrix for the ESMF Implementation No Steps/Activities Responsible Collaboration Service Provider
1. Identification and/or
siting of the sub‐project
SPIU Ministry of Local Government Affairs LGA CDAs/CBOs
Ministry of Works
2.
Screening, categorization and identification of the required instrument
Env. safeguards
specialist (ESS) on the
PIU
ESS of the SPIUs FPMU MEnv
FMEnv
3. Approval of the
classification and the
selected instrument
SPIU Coordinator ESS‐PIU SSS‐PIU FPMU
FMEnv
The World Bank
4. Preparation of the safeguard document/instrument (ESIA, Env. Audit, simple ESMP, etc.) in
accordance with the national legislation/procedure (taking into account the Bank policies
Public consultation on project safeguards performance and disclosure
State Coordinator M&E-PIU ESS-PIU SSS-PIU NGOs/CBOs
FMEnv/NESREA MEnv/SEPAs The World Bank
External oversight of the project safeguards compliance
PIU M&E-PIU ESS-PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU External Civil
Supervisors
FMEnv NESREA MEnv/SEPA Safeguard Consultants
Reporting on project Coordinator M&E‐PIU
ESS‐PIU
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safeguards performance
and disclosure
SSS‐PIU
External oversight of the
project safeguards
compliance
PEA M&E‐PIU
ESS‐PIU SSS‐PIU PS‐PIU Supervisor
9. Building stakeholders
capacity in safeguards
management
ESS‐PIU SSS‐PIU PS‐PIU
Consultants MEnv/SEPAs
FMEnv/NESREA
10.
Independent evaluation
of safeguards
performance (Audit)
ESS‐PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU
NGOs/CBOs
PIU MEnv/SEPAs Ministry of Lands,
Survey, Housing and Urban Planning
The World Bank
E76: Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State
The indicative budget for Imo State RAMP II is shown in the table below:
Table E2: Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State
Estimated Annual Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State S/No ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Assumptions Total Cost/Annum (N) 1. 2.
Capacity Building for PIU Personnel
Training Programs held in-country 2,500,000.00
Meetings, Workshops and Stakeholders Engagement
Monthly estimated expenses of 5000 each for 2 persons -per year
Based on actual expenses
3. 4. 5. 6.
Environmental and Social Screening of transactions
No additional budget No additional budget
Engagement of Specialists Assume specialists may be engaged times to investigate issues
To be worked out at the commencement of contract/engagement.
Field Visits to facility locations Field visits estimated for 2 PMU personnel per year including transportation, accommodation and daily allowances.
3,400,000.00
Meetings, Workshops and Stakeholder Engagement
No additional budget Based on actual expenses
7. 8. 9.
ESMP Scoping Workshops ESMP Scoping workshops per year As part of the ESMP preparation
ESMP Reports Assume average cost of each ESMP depending on the extent of the road
9,500,00.00
Engagement of Environmental and Social Specialists
As part of the EMP preparation
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Estimated Annual Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State S/No ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Assumptions Total Cost/Annum (N) 10. Grievance Redress and
beneficiary feedback management.
Sundry expenses for transportation and other logistics
1,200,000.00
11. Monitoring Compliance with ESMP on E&S issues during pre-operations and operational activities
Assume quarterly monitoring activities over 5 days each quarter per year
3,000,000.00
Sub-Total 19,600,000.00
Contingency 10% of sub-total 1,960,000.00
Total 21,560,000.00
Twenty One Million, Five Hundred and Sixty Thousand Naira Only.
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Project Background
The Second Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP – II) is a donor funded project co-financed by the World Bank and French Development Agency to support the Federal Government of Nigeria’s Rural Travel and Transport Policy (RTTP). The RAMP II project is currently being implemented by participating States of Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun States and Imo State (currently joining) while the whole RAMP II project is being coordinated at the Federal level by the Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) in the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The FPMU is responsible for coordinating the project activities. However, towards ensuring environmental and social compliance, parts of the proceeds have been applied for the preparation of this Environmental and Social Management Framework for the RAMP II project.
1.1 Project Beneficiaries
The successful implementation of the first phase of the project in Kaduna and Cross River States paved way for the expansion of the project under RAMP 2 to cover additional five (5) states and additional seven (7) States will be prepared for an eventual future up-scaling of the project. The five (5) States that were selected based on the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) State Governance criteria and the technical readiness criteria are: Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo.
Two-pronged state selection process was undertaken by the FPMU based on the three CPS governance criteria (phase 1) and on a few project readiness criteria (phase 2): (i) establishment of a State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU); (ii) Identification of institutional arrangements and funding sources for road maintenance; (iii) preparation of a Prioritized Rural Road Investment Program; and (iv) number of kilometers (km) of prioritized roads with completed feasibility studies. A total of five (5) States (“tier-one” states) were selected at the end of this second phase: Adamawa, Niger, Osun, Enugu and Imo.
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Component 2 – Upgrading and rehabilitation of rural transport infrastructure Component 3 – Community-based road maintenance and annual mechanized
maintenance Component 4 – State and federal institutional strengthening, program’s up-scaling
and promotion of rural transport policies.
The project would not lead to any large scale acquisition of land or denial of access to usual means of livelihood as well as disruption of environmental amenities. Also, the project does not contemplate either altering the road layouts or major destruction of dwelling and/or farms or collective private property.
It is worthy to note that the activities of Component 2 are likely to trigger four (4) safeguards policies namely, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). This is however based on the fact that the scoping of the project indicated limited adverse environmental and social impacts and assigned an Environmental Screen Category of “B” to Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01).
In fulfillment of the Bank’s requirement for project appraisal and due diligence, it is imperative to update the existing Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) (as a result of the trigger of Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) for the Project (RAMP II) to include one (1) additional state (Imo). Previous Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) reports have been prepared and disclosed in May, 2008 for the Osun and Enugu states and updated in May 2013 for Adamawa and Niger States. Thus, the earlier report have to be updated to reflect the inclusion of the latest participating State (Imo) while the updated versions have to be re-disclosed in the Infoshop.
1.3 Purpose of the ESMF
Within the context of the RAMP II, the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is a statement of the policy, principles, institutional arrangements and procedures that the project management will follow in addressing environmental and social issues associated with the project implementation.
Therefore, with the context of RAMP II, the ESMF spells out institutional arrangements and capacity available to identify and mitigate potential environmental and social safeguards issues and impacts that could be due to the project, generally. It does not attempt to address impacts related to individual undertakings (in any specific form) as the locations and extent of impacts or activities are not known at this preparatory stage.
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CHAPTER TWO
POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
2.0 Introduction
This chapter describes the existing environmental national and international policies, legislations, conventions and procedures and those of the World Bank Group that are applicable to the RAMP II project2.1 Institutional Arrangement for ESMF in Nigeria
The erstwhile Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), now absorbed into the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) was established by Act No. 58 of 1988 and further amended by Act 59 of 1992. By this Act, the FMEnv is vested with the responsibility of ensuring compliance to the prescribed limits as contained in the National Guidelines. Thus, the FMEnv (apex regulatory body) together with the States ministries of environment are responsible for environmental protection matters in Nigeria.
Aside the national milestone, the country (Nigeria) is equally a signatory to several international Conventions, Treaties and Laws relating to environmental protection and sustainable development. Some of these include the Bassel Convention, International Convention on the Protection of Endangered Species, World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) etc.
Also, several international development partners/agencies such as World Bank and other international financial institutions interested in development projects have sets of environmental categorizations, assessments and management standards, which must be complied with by project proponents before these institutions invest in them.
The summary of the national and international statutory environmental laws are presented in the below table.
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Table 2.1: Environmental Laws in Nigeria
S/No. Regulations Year Provisions 1. The Imo State Environmental
Transformation Commission (ENTRACO) Law No. 3
2008 To ensure a “clean and green” Imo State including regulating the activities of refuse collectors and operation of an environmental sanitation and traffic court in each Local Government Area of Imo State.
1992 The decree makes it mandatory for all proposed development activities to carry out an EIA study
3. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
1999 Stipulates “equal pay for equal work without discrimination on account of sex, or any other ground whatsoever”.
4. Oil in Water Act 1986 Makes rules on the need to protect water bodies from oil or petroleum related activities.
5. Forestry Law CAP 55 1994 Prescribes the administrative framework for the management, utilization and protection including acts that may lead to the destruction of forestry resources in Nigeria.
6. Land Use Act 1978 Protects the rights of all Nigerians to use and enjoy land in Nigeria. 7. The Labour Act 1990 Governs the employment rights of individual workers in Nigeria. It
jurisdiction include, the protection of wages, contracts, recruitment together with the terms and condition of employment. The Act also covers the classification of workers and special worker types.
8. Workmen’s Compensation Act 1992 Provides for the payment of compensation of workmen for injuries suffered in the course of their employment. Section 40 of the Act also stipulates the condition to insure of employees against death or injury (if so Minister so directs an employer).
9. Trade Union Amendment Act 1995 Governs the membership of the various labour unions.
10. National Environmental Protection (Effluent Limitation) Regulations
1991 Makes it mandatory for industrial facilities to install effluent treatment plants and also prescribes parameters for effluents limitation.
11. National Environmental Protection (Pollution and Abatement in Industries in Facilities Generating Waste) Regulations
1991 It defines the restrictions on the release of toxic substances and stipulates requirements for monitoring of pollution. It also makes it mandatory for existing industries and facilities to conduct periodic environmental audits.
12. National Environmental Protection (Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes) Regulations.
1991 Regulates the collections, treatment and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes from municipal and industrial sources.
1988 Provides the legal framework for the effective control of the disposal of toxic and hazardous waste into any environment within the confines of Nigeria
14. National Guideline and Standard for Environmental Pollution Control
1991 The regulations provide guidelines for management of pollution control measures.
15. Workmen Compensation Act 1987 Occupational health and safety 16. Urban and Regional Planning Decree
No 88 1992 Planned development of urban areas (to include and manage waste
sites) 17. Environmental Sanitation edicts, laws
and enforcement agencies General environmental health and sanitation. Enforcing necessary
laws. 18. State waste management laws Ensure proper disposal and clearing of wastes 19. Public Health Law Covering public health matters 20 National Guidelines on Environmental
Management Systems (EMS) 1999 Recognizes the value of EMS to EIA and sets out objectives and
guideline on general scope and content of an EMS
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21. National Policy on the Environment 1989 The policy identifies key sectors requiring integration of environmental concerns and sustainability with development and presents their specific guidelines
22. National Guidelines and Standards for Water Quality
1999 It deals with the quality of water to be discharged into the environment, sets standards and discharge measures for a wide range of parameters in water discharged from various industries.
23. National Air Quality Standard Decree No. 59
1991 The World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standards were adopted as the national standards. These standards define the permissible air pollutants parameters in order to protect public health.
24. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA Act)
2007 Established to ensure compliance with environmental standards, guidelines and regulations.
25. National Policy on Flood and Erosion Control
2006 Addresses the need to combat erosion in the country by utilizing the procedures outlined in the national action plan for flood and erosion control and technical guidelines.
26. National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA Act)
2005 This statutory regulation makes adequate regulations on waste emanating from oil production and exploration and its potential consequences to the environment.
27. Nigeria’s Cultural Policy Act 1996 The described the procedures for the protection and promotion of national identity as well as Nigeria’s unity. It also ensures effective communication and cooperation among the diverse socio-cultural groups of Nigeria and Africa in general.
2.1 The World Bank Environmental and Social Guidelines
The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment. This policy is considered to be the umbrella policy for the Bank's environmental "safeguard policies" which are listed in Box 2.1.
Appendix 1 summarizes these WB Safeguard Policies + OP 4.00 Use of Country Systems & OP 17.50 Disclosure Policy.
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2.2 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines
The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 of 1992 requires that development projects be screened for their potential impact.
According to these guidelines,
Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the
environment, for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an Environmental Impact Statement.
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With regard to environmental assessment, the Bank has also categorized projects based on the type of EA required, namely:
Category A - projects are those whose impacts are sensitive, diverse, unprecedented, felt beyond the immediate project environment and are potentially irreversible over the long term. Such projects require full EA.
Category B - projects involve site specific and immediate project environment interactions, do not significantly affect human populations, do not significantly alter natural systems and resources, do not consume much natural resources (e.g., ground water) and have adverse impacts that are not sensitive, diverse, unprecedented and are mostly reversible. Category B projects will require partial EA, and environmental and social action plans.
Category C - Projects are mostly likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project, although some may require environmental and social action plans.
Category F1- A proposed project is classified as Category F1 if it involves investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in road projects that may result in adverse environmental impacts.
This World Bank categorization (A, B & C) corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the level of impacts associated with a given project (Box 2.3). However, in the event of
Box 2.2: Summary of EA Procedures (Nigeria vs WB)
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divergence between the two, the World Bank safeguards policy shall take precedence over Nigeria EA laws, guidelines and or standards.
For this ESMF, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures were harmonized.
It is especially made responsive with regard to the followings: early consideration of environmental and social issues (starting at the screening stage); identification and early consultation with stakeholders; prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.
Box 2.3: Integration of WB EA Requirements with Typical Nigerian
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CHAPTER THREE
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.0 Introduction
The section presents a description of sub-project activities that triggers safeguards instruments.
3.1 Project Components
The scope of civil works entails rehabilitation/construction of low volume existing rural roads. The general work includes;
Site clearing; Excavation activities; Provision of sub-base; Provision of earth side rains with turnouts/offshoots; Provision of line side drains; Construction of single and multiple 900m concrete pipe culvert extensions and new
culverts; Provision of reinforced box culverts; Reinforce concrete bridges on bored piles (where necessary); Installation of road signs and road furniture.
3.2 Applicable Safeguard Policies
Table 3.1 indicates the four safeguard policies that are triggered by this project, namely: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitat (OP/BP 4.04), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). Attentions to these safeguard policies will:
Ensure that environmental and social issues are evaluated in the decision making; Help reduce and manage the risks associated with the RAMP II Project; and Provide a mechanism for consultation and disclosure of information.
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Table 3.1: RAMP II and Likely Triggered Safeguard Policies
*NA= Not Applicable
3.3 Road Selection in Imo State for the RAMP II
Prioritization study that was conducted in order to prioritize intervention areas and rural road network based on a combination of selection criteria including the population of the communities living along the links, agricultural production, environmentally sensitive areas, markets and community preferences with a total of eight (8) river crossings, twenty seven (27) bridges and sixty (60) rural roads having a length of 401.1km and packaged in five lots as presented in the table 3.2 below.
Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project?
Applicability to Project due to
How Project Address Policy Requirements?
Yes No Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)
[x] [ ] Road rehabilitation works could trigger site-specific impacts. Potential impacts include noise by machineries and dust during construction and rehabilitation works.
To mitigate this risk, specific procedures (such as chance find procedures) has been included in the ESMF.
Site specific issues to be addressed with OP 4.11 (Appendix 3 covers the provisions for Physical Cultural Resources as part of the EA instrument ToR.
Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [X ] [ ] Some of the road/bridge rehabilitation activities will have impacts on natural habitats. The ESMPs will ensure that impacts on natural habitats is be mitigated.
To mitigate this risk: The ESMP will ensure that impacts on
natural habitats are mitigated by: (i) Identifying natural habitats in project sites (ii) Preparing management measures for roads/bridges passing through natural habitats, such as monitoring and minimizing access to natural habitats, sensitization campaigns, etc..
Pest Management (OP 4.09) [ ] [x] NA NA Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)
[x] [ ] The five (5) states have rich cultural heritage resources and some road works may be located in the area of influence of some sites.
To mitigate this risk, specific procedures (such as chance find procedures) has been included in the ESMF
Site specific issues to be addressed with OP 4.11 (Appendix 3 covers the provisions for Physical Cultural Resources as part of the EA instrument ToR
Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)
[x] [ ] Interventions could lead to restriction of access to sources of livelihoods. There could be encroachment to farmlands
A standalone RPF is being prepared alongside this ESMF. This shall spell out site specific issues to be addressed with ARAP/RAP.
Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) [ ] [x] NA NA Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [ ] [x] NA NA Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [x] NA NA Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)*
[ ] [x] NA NA
Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)
[ ] [x] NA NA
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Table 3.2: Identified Prioritized Rural Roads in the Imo State and Agricultural Potential
Lots Cluster of Roads Km Main Agricultural Activities 1. Umuago-Ndiejezie, Ndiawa-Ikpaokorie, Umuagbadagbo-Umumi,
Awala-Umuchima, Ama Edward-Ndiejezie, Umualoma-Umunze, Eke Ndiuche-Ndiadimoha.
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3.4 Analysis of Institutional Capacity The interaction with these Officers (the safeguards specialists in Imo RAMP II shows that there are knowledge gaps that could impede the implementation of the instruments. Therefore, capacity building on environmental and social issues together with the World Bank operational guidelines will be built in order to ensure effective institutional support for the project. The capacity of the selected staff from the State Ministries/Environmental Protection Agencies, LGAs, and other MDAs and CBO/NGOs will be strengthened through training, capacity and awareness building on safeguards including legal requirements and EA methodology.
Map 5a: Enugu RAMP 2 LGAs/Km
Map 5b: Enugu RAMP 2 Roads
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CHAPTER FOUR
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE RAMP II STATES
4.0 Introduction This chapter described the biological, physical and social characteristics of the participating States namely, Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo.
4.1 Project Location
The five (5) project States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo) fall within four different geo-political zones namely: North-Eastern (Adamawa), South-Eastern (Enugu and Imo), North-Western (Niger) and South-West (Osun) as shown in figure 4.1.
2 Capital City Yola Enugu Minna Osogbo Owerri 3 LGAs 21 17 25 30 27 4 Geo-Political
Zone North-Eastern South-Eastern North-Western South-Western South-Eastern
5 Border Borno (North-West),
Gombe (West), Taraba (South-
West) Cameroon (East)
Abia and Imo (South),
Ebonyi (East) Benue (North-
East) Kogi (North-
West) Anambra (West).
Kaduna (East), Plateau (South-
East), Sokoto (North) Kwara (East).
Kwara (North), Ekiti and Ondo
(East) Ogun (South) Oyo (West).
Abia (East) River Niger and
Delta State (West) Anambra (North) Rivers State
(South).
6 Landmass 36,917 km2 7,161 km2 76,363 km2 9,251 km2 5,530km2 7 Nature of Soil Mostly made up of
brown or brownish-red laterite due to annual shift between dry and wet conditions and soil wash on the mountains.
Made up of shallow and stony lithosols found on the steep slopes of the cuesta and often left uncultivated.
Soil erosion, due to physical and man-made factors is rampant.
The major gullies are concentrated on the edges of the highly friable sandstones which yield easily to erosion and induce gullying even on slopes as low as 5°.
About 65 per cent of the entire area of Enugu State is affected by sheet erosion.
Three major soils types are found in the State.
These include- ferruginous tropical soils,
hydromorphic soils and ferrosols.
Highly ferruginous tropical red soils associated with basement complex rocks.
Soils are generally deep and of two types, namely, deep clayey soils formed on low smooth hill crests and upper slopes; and the more sandy hill wash soils on the lower slopes.
Underlain by the Benin formation of coastal plain sands.
Soil is deep, porous, infertile and highly leached.
In some areas like Okigwe, impermeable layers of clay occur near the surface, while in other areas, the soil consists of lateritic material under a superficial layer of fine-grained sand.
Soil erosion, both from physical and manmade causes, is rampant in several parts of the state
8 Average Temperature
11°C - 33°C Mean monthly temperature 33°C. Hottest period - February to April
Mean maximum temperature remains high throughout the year about 32°F (March – June).
Dry season commences in October.
The mean annual temperature 21.10C -31.10C.
Relative humidity is 75%
Hottest months (January – March).
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Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States
S/No Parameter Baseline Environmental Conditions of the RAMP II States Adamawa Enugu Niger Osun Imo
9 Mean Rainfall Wet season (April – October)
Dry season (November - March).
Average rainfall is 759mm (northern parts) and 1,051mm in the southern parts.
The annual rain fall ranges between 152 - 203cm.
Wet season (May - October).
The annual rainfall varies from about 1,600mm (south) to 1,200mm (north).
Highest rainfall (August – September).
Dry season (November – April). Annual rainfall 800mm - 1,500mm.
Wet season (April – October)
Dry season (November to March).
Average annual rainfall (1,500mm -2,200mm).
10 Geology/ Terrain:
Picturesque mountains, and land traversed by big River valleys of Benue, Gongola and Yedsarem.
The valleys of Cameroon, Mandara and Adamawa mountains form part of this undulating landscape.
Contains about nine geological formations.
Occupies highlands such as Awgu, Udi and Nsukka.
The hills are flanked by the rolling lowlands of Oji River, Adada and Anambra Basins to the west, and the Ebonyi (Aboine) River Basin to the east.
Covered by two major rock formations viz; sedimentary and basement complex rocks.
To the north is the basement complex, characterised by granitic outcrops or inselbergs.
Such inselbergs dominate the landscape in Rati, Shiroro, Minna, Mariga and Gurara.
Underlain by metamorphic rocks of the basement complex, which outcrop over many parts.
Rocks of the basement complex found here are schists, associated with quartzite ridges of the type found in llesa.
Underlain by the Benin Formation of coastal plain.
This formation is of late tertiary age. Rivers are few with vast inter fluves which are characterized by dry valleys that carry surface drainage in periods of high rainfall.
11 Vegetation types
There are two notable vegetation zones viz; Sub-Sudan zone and the Northern Guinea Savannah zone.
The Sub-Sudan zone is marked by short grasses and short trees, commonly found in the Northern parts of the State.
To the South, the vegetation is thick with tall grasses and trees.
The vegetation are both rainforest, typical grass and swamp forest.
Rainforest vegetation is found on the highlands of Awgu and stretching through its rocky promontories to link with the undulating hills of Udi.
Typical grassy vegetation is found around Nnsuka. Fresh water swamp forests occur in the Niger-Anambra Basin.
Vegetation are rainforest and Guinea Savannah
Has one of the largest and most fertile agricultural lands in the country. Only 1, about 10 per cent of the state's arable land being cultivated.
Disappearance of traces of rainforest occur in the Niger trough and flood plain due to lumbering activities.
Covered by secondary forest.
Derived Savannah mosaic predominates in the north.. Originally, virtually all parts of the state had a natural lowland tropical rain forest vegetation.
Vegetation has since given way to secondary forest re-growths due to lumbering fuel-wood, cultivation of cocoa, oil palm cultivation and farming, mining (clay, sand).
Mature forests still exist in the Owu forest reserve (southern part of the State).
Vegetation of the
tropical rain
forest.
Economic trees
like the iroko,
mahogany,
obeche, gmelina,
bamboo, rubber
and oil palm pre
dominate.
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Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States
S/No Parameter Baseline Environmental Conditions of the RAMP II States Adamawa Enugu Niger Osun Imo
Part of this high forest has recently been cleared to make way for forest plantations of tectona grandis and gmelina arborea.
12 Main Native language
Hausa, Fulfude Igbo Hausa
Yoruba Igbo
13 Main Ethnic Groups
Hausa, Fulfude Igbo Nupes, Gbahiyu and Hausa.
Oyos, lfes, ljesas and lgbominas.
Igbo
14 Population (2006 national census)
3,178,950 Male=1,607,270 Female=1,571,680
3,267,837 Male=1,596,042
Female=1,671,795
3,954,772 Male=2,004,350
Female=1,950,422
3,416,959 Male=1,734,149 Female=1,682,810
3,934,899 Male=2,032,286 Female=1,912,613
15 Population Density
68/km2 268/km2 52/km2 240/km2 710/km2
16 Per capita $1,417 $1,802 $1,480 $2,076 $3,527 17 GDP (PPP$b) 4.6 4.4 6.0 7.3 14.21 18 Main Stay of
the People Farming Cash crops are;
cotton and groundnuts.
Food crops include maize, yam, cassava, millet guinea corn and rice.
Farming Cash crops are;
palm produce and cashew.
Food crops are; rice, cassava, maize, yams, banana and a variety of fruits and vegetables.
Farming Cash crops are;
sugar cane, Cassava, Sorghum/guinea corn, ground nut etc. Food crops; millet, Shea-nut, etc.
Rice(low land), Rice(up land), Melon.
Farming Cash crops; cocoa,
cola nut, oil palm etc.
Food crops; cassava, yam, cocoyam, plantain, melon, fruits and vegetables etc.
These urban centres are concentrated in the upper half of the state.
Smaller towns and villages are concentrated in the lower half.
There are farm
Settlement is dispersed particularly in the rural areas.
Major towns include, Owerri, Okigwe, Orlu, Mbaise, Isu etc.
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Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States
S/No Parameter Baseline Environmental Conditions of the RAMP II States Adamawa Enugu Niger Osun Imo
camps between and surrounding the major urban centres of lle-Ife, llesa, lla and Ipetu-Ijesa.
20 Cultural/ Unique Resources
Koma Hills Manadara Mountains Lamurde Hot Spring (World Heritage Site). Maddibbo Adams Tomb Monument Three Sister Rocks Kiri Dams
Cultural features common to all parts of the state.
Family is the basic social unit, the belief system and the system of political organization.
Important traditional festivals are observed every year, viz; the Masquerade and the New Yam festivals.
Home to the three national hydro-electric power stations.
Rich tourism facilities, such as the Gurara Falls, Kainji Lake National Park, Borgu Game Reserve etc
Kainji Lake National Park at New Bussa.
Ladi Kwali Pottery Centre at Suleja.
Orisa (the traditional deities of the Yoruba people).
Osun -Osogbo Grove, (World Heritage Site).
Oramiyan Staff. Ooni of Ife Palace Olojo festival (Ile
Ife), Iwude festival
(Ijeshas).
New yam festival Masquerades festival
Orashi River with its source in Imo State. Njaba
Oguta Lake Utu river Awbana river and
Otamiri rivers.
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CHAPTER FIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
(F-ESMP)
5.0 Introduction
The chapter describes the framework for the Environmental and Social Management Plan (F-ESMP).
5.1 Environmental and Social Screening Process
The objective of screening is for the identification of those sub-projects activities that have minimal/no environmental or social concerns.
5.2 The Screening Criteria The screening exercise will be carried out prior to the initiation of the project preparation activities. The screening exercise will serve as a tool for the identification of the severity of impacts of both the environmental and social issues thereby integrating the corresponding mitigation measures into the project preparation. The project’s impacts will be screened using a modified Leopold matrix (Leopold, 1971) as presented in Appendix 3.
The diagrammatic representation of steps in environmental and social screening processes is presented in figure 5.1.
Figure 5.1: Environmental Screening Process 5.3 Screening Findings The screening findings reveals that the environmental and social impacts of the sub-project activities would require corresponding mitigation and enhancement measures at various
If impacts are of category A, project should be rejected, if category B, it
should be screened.
Development Plan
Road Project
Reject the Proposal Review/Screen
Does the sub-project requires full fledge
Are EA guidelines integrated in the contracts
Strengthen EA
Adverse, irreversible, severe
EA with Clearance from the FMEnv and World Bank
Environmental statement
Insignificant Impacts
Strengthen EA Has the EA been prepared
Provide EA
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stages of the project viz, pre-construction, construction and operation phase. However, the result of the environmental and social screening exercise for the prioritized 401.1km rural roads in Imo State is presented below. Table 5.1: Result of Safeguards Screening of Rural Roads in Imo State
Increased cost of transportation and road side accidents/ hazards.
Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls, culvert, bridge and embankments, terracing.
56. Nnarambia Ahiara – Lude Obodo Ahiara
Ahiazu
Erosion in some parts.
Increased cost of transportation and road side accidents/ hazards.
Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls, culvert, bridge and embankments, terracing.
57. Ogbe-Ekeala
Ahiazu
Marshy lands vegetation in RoW.
Increased cost of transportation and road side accidents/ hazards.
Road grading and landscaping, mulching, good drainage, construct retaining walls, culvert, bridge and embankments, terracing.
Source: Environmental and Social Screening of Prioritized 400km of Rural Roads to be Constructed/Rehabilitated under RAMP 2 in Imo State, October, 2016.
5.4 Project-Level Environmental and Social Review
At the stage of detailed project preparation, Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) shall be used to evaluate the project’s potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence and also identify ways of improving project planning, design and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse
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environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts, including throughout the project implementation. The World Bank favours preventive measures over mitigation or compensatory measures, whenever feasible.
5.5 Method of Impact Assessment for the ESMF
All the environmental and social issues that are common to rural road sector activities have been identified through consultation with the stakeholders these are; noise and air (dust-SPM) pollution, increase road accidents, resettlement and compensation of PAPs, possible contamination of water bodies, channelization of drains, disposal of construction wastes, disobedience to culture and tradition, child abuse including vulnerable groups, challenges of increased Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS, Sexual and gender-based violence, child labour and increased crime amongst others.
5.6 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Design and Tender Documents
Use mitigation measures developed herewith and integrate into the project design and tender documents. By using this approach, the mitigation measures will automatically become part of the project construction and operation phase.
Project Design
The mitigation measure integration in the design phase will help in strengthening the benefits and sustainability of the project. Project Contract
The project contractor should be bound by the parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment pertaining to specific mitigation measures in the contract. The final acceptance of the completed works should not occur until the environmental clauses have been satisfactorily implemented.
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Bill of Quantities
The tender instruction should explicitly mention the site-specific mitigation measures, materials to be used, labor camp arrangements and waste disposal areas, as well other site specific environmental requirements.
Supervision and Monitoring
The purpose of supervision is to ensure that specific mitigation parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily implemented. A categorized mitigation measures and its implementation is given in the table below.
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Table 5.2: Mitigation Implémentation
S/no Mitigation Activity Implementation Responsibility Party
Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring* 1. Slope stability Specify bio-
2. Spoil disposal Identify mass balance techniques.
Safe tipping areas identified and enforced.
Design spoils traps.
Do Quantify disposal and extraction volume.
Presence of scouring, erosion, damage to property, water supply disruption.
Complaints from local people
3. Water management Design safe discharge drainage and techniques (check dam) to natural water course.
Do Physical works for safe discharge drainage listed.
Evidence of fresh surface erosion, presence of gullies, increase in water turbidity, loss of agriculture forest land.
Slope condition. Public complaints.
4. Land use Explore use of marginal land.
Check impacts are limited to compensated trees and products.
Do - Quantify actual land use pattern for construction and other activities.
Public complaints.
5. Plants and wildlife Consider construction affecting forests and productive plots.
Do - Check habitats re-created on marginal roadside land.
6. Quarries and borrow pits
Design bunds to screen noise and dust.
Design re-grading slopes.
Use bio-engineering techniques for rehabilitation.
Do Quantify restoration costs and present technical specifications.
Check for water ponding, formation of gullies, water turbidity.
Check unauthorized quarrying activities.
7. Stone crushing and asphalt plants
- Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense.
Dust control equipment being utilized.
Public complaints. 8. Hazardous
materials Specify storage
facilities for explosives and toxic materials.
Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through rate for supplying
Checks to ensure that storage is good and that there are no losses or leaks.
Checks to ensure
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S/no Mitigation Activity Implementation Responsibility Party
Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring* materials. that protective
clothing and safety measures are used.
9. Camp operation Identify camping grounds.
Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through work camp item expense.
Latrine construction and effective waste disposal.
Check disruption in water supply.
Re-vegetation, rehabilitation of site.
10. Dust and noise Indicate use of safe pollution level equipment.
Do Specify buffer area requirements.
Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through work camp item expense.
Air pollution control equipment.
Dust deposition on crops and vegetation.
Survival rate of plants.
Public complaints. 11. Social issues Incorporate socially
acceptable design specifications.
Do - Check issues pertaining to social concern.
12. Code of conduct Develop and ensure compliance to code of conduct.
Do Specify requirements of the code of conduct and specify roles.
Ensure that all contractors sign and abide.
Monitor adherence. 13. Road maintenance
Arrangement with
the various communities on the corridor and private contractor
Penalties in case of non-compliance with the agreed standards (e.g. number of potholes per km of roads).
Specify manner of maintenance and specific roles
Harmonious relationship with well maintained road
5.7 Roles and Responsibilities for the Implementation of the ESMF
The ESMF will be implemented by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development through the Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP) that by collaborating with a team of established Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists who will liaise with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv), SEPA together with the World Bank safeguards team to ensure effective execution. The below Table 5.3 shows the summary of the phases and institutional responsibilities for the screening, planning, assessment, approval and implementation of the RAMP 2 project activities in Imo State.
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Table 5.3: Roles and Responsibilities for the implementation of the ESMF
1. Identification and/or siting of the sub-project
SPIUs
Ministry of Local Government Affairs LGA CDAs/CBOs
Ministry of Works
2.
Screening, categorization and identification of the required instrument
SPIUs ESS of the SPIUs FPMU MEnv
Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv)
3. Approval of the classification and the selected instrument
SPIUs ESS-PIU SSS-PIU FPMU
FMEnv The World Bank
4. Preparation of the safeguard document/instrument (ESIA, EA and simple ESMP, etc.) in accordance with the national legislation/procedure and the Bank policies requirements)
5. Preparation and approval of the ToR
ESS-SPIUs
FMEnv MEnv Safeguards Specialist
The World Bank FMEnv
Selection of Consultant FMEnv/MEnv Procurement Officer
(i) Integrating the construction phase mitigation measures and Environmental and Social clauses in the bid documents prior to advertisement; (ii) ensure that the Civil Contractors prepare site specific ESMPs; (iii) obtain approvals and integrates the relevant measures in the Works Breakdown Structure (WBS) or execution plan.
Civil engineering/technical staff in charge of the sub-project (TS-PIU)
ESS-PIU PS-PIU Design Consultants
External/Civil Supervisors MEnv Ministry of Lands, Survey,
Housing and Urban Planning
7.
Implementation of other safeguards measures, including environmental monitoring (when relevant) and sensitization activities
9. Building stakeholders’ capacity in safeguards management
ESS-PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU
Consultants MEnv/SEPAs
FMEnv/NESREA 10.
Independent evaluation of safeguards performance (Audit)
ESS-PIU SSS-PIU PS-PIU NGOs/CBOs
PIU MEnv/SEPAs Ministry of Lands, Survey,
Housing and Urban Planning.The World Bank
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CHAPTER SIX
PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
6.1 Mechanism for Consultation and Participation
Public consultation will be an on-going activity throughout the entire project life-cycle.
Subject to PMU’s approval, information about the project will be shared with the public, to enable meaningful contribution, and enhance the success of the project. The different channels for communication and consultation are:
Meetings, filling in of questionnaires/ application forms, public readings and explanations of project ideas and requirements.
Publication in print and electronic media, preferably all local papers, notice boards near project sites, posters in strategic locations and many public places.
The means of communication must also take into consideration the literacy levels in the rural communities by allowing enough time for responses and feedback and putting messages in local language(s).
6.2 Identifying Stakeholders
The stakeholders are defined as all people and institutions that have an interest in the planning and execution of the project, potentially affected communities; traditional rulers/ religious leaders, NGOs/CBOs, Local Government officials, State MDAs, local/social and professional groups e.g., farmers, market women, road transport workers etc.
6.3 ESMF Update and Public Involvement
Relevant stakeholders were consulted during the update of the ESMF to include Imo State, as shown in plates 6.1and 6.2, however the report of the stakeholders meeting together with the attendance sheet are presented in appendices 2 and 4.
The ESMF preparation involved stakeholders’ consultation and participation in all the fives (5) States. The major stakeholders identified and consulted for the preparation of the updated ESMF in Imo State consisted of various government (State and Federal) MDAs. Some of the organizations are the Imo State RAMP II-SPIU, NEWMAP (State SPIU/State Ministry of Environment and Agriculture, Imo State Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (Supervising Ministry for Imo RAMP II), Imo State Accountant-General Office, Transitional Chairmen of three (3) Local Governments (representing all the 27 Local
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Government Transitional Chairmen of Imo State), and the South-East Regional Office of the National Environmental Standards, Regulatory and Enforcement Agency (NESREA).
It is however considered that the public involvement initiated by the ESMF will be built upon at the various project levels in the State.
This will afford the SPIU to:
clarify the project's objectives in terms of stakeholders’ needs and concerns
identify feasible alternatives (in particular alternative locations) and examine their relative merits in terms of environmental, social and economic factors
identify and prioritise environmental and social issues and establish the scope of future studies and/or site specific management plan
Identify processes for continued stakeholders’ involvement.
The outcome of the consultation in Imo State are highlighted below:
In determining and designing of the road projects there should be an inclusion of the relevant stakeholders’ and beneficiaries’ opinions of the project affected persons.
Ensure strict adherence to project design and timely completion.
Proper understanding of roles and collaboration between MDAs in the entire management of the project.
Even if the project may not lead to any large scale social and environmental resources, adherence to both national and State/local laws in the execution of projects.
Existing MDAs should be strengthened through capacity building (trainings, seminar, workshops etc) and also be assisted with air quality and noise monitoring equipments for the monitoring of air quality particularly in areas that are very close to major landmarks such as schools, health centres and also ensure adequate monitoring and enforcement mechanism.
The political class should not take undue advantage to circumvent the essence of the project or cause undue influence such that the supposed are deprived or not benefited.
Give adequate opportunity to local contractors and skills in all the facets of the project.
Adequate compensation should be paid to all the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) who will lose their farmland, property and business shelters or structures.
Road accidents should be prevented during construction by the use of adequate signs, public sensitizations and implementation of a world-class traffic management plan.
Drains should not be directed towards peoples gardens, farmland, houses, burial or cultural sites and toward sources of portable water of the communities.
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Enough reservoir should be constructed to prevent flash floods.
Adequate protection of the soil so as not to trigger erosion.
Contractors should give due cognizance should be given to native customs and traditions with particular attention on not defiling the land in order to avoid what is referred to as “ikwu-ala” (cleansing of the land).
Plate 6.1: (From the front row) Barrister Anuebunwa (Representing Transition Chairman, Onuimo LGA),
Ogunsawe David (Consultant), Engr. Obinna Nshirim (Transition Chairman of Ikeduru LGA), Engr. Uzor (Coordinator, Imo RAMP II), Chief Clifford Orjiako (Transition Chairman, Nwangele LGA), Mrs. Uzoma Ijeoma (Head, Imo PFMU) and Engr. Victor Anueyiagu (SPC-Imo NEWMAP) during the stakeholders meeting on Imo
RAMP II in Owerri, Imo State.
Plate 6.2:From the left Engr. Obinna Nshirim (Transition Chairman of Ikeduru LGA), Chief Clifford Orjiako-
standing (Transition Chairman, Nwangele LGA) , Mrs. IIwuagwu Ogechi (Safeguards Specialist, Imo RAMP II & NEWMAP) and other participants during the stakeholders meeting on Imo RAMP II in Owerri, Imo State.
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6.4 Commonalties and Differences in the States
Interactions with the stakeholders were positive and they want the project to commence in earnest.
Nevertheless, general knowledge of legal instruments on environmental and social (ESIA and EMP) issues needs to be reinforced in the various States. While some of the States have more considerable experience in the management of ESIA/EMP for instance, others do not have. For instance, recommendation from stakeholders in Imo State is the request for capacity building of staff on safeguards. In other words, capacity to ensure environmental performance of the project needs to be enhanced as these seem inadequate in the beneficiary States.
6.5 ESMF Disclosures
All safeguards reports for projects shall be publicly disclosed and made available to the project affected groups, associations, NGOs, CBOs and the general public as a whole.
The outline of information to be disclosed is presented in the table below.
Table 6.1: Typical Information to be Disclosed
Topic Documents to be Disclosed Frequency Media
Public Consultation
Minutes of formal public consultation meetings
Within two weeks of meeting
World Bank’s Info-shop, implementation agency’s website/Project Management Unit and Project Implementation Units (PIU), Ministry of Environment, Local Government Area
Environment Management
ESMF, ESIA, EMP with key actions, safeguard monitoring reports and audit.
Prior to awarding works and to remain on website
World Bank’s Info-shop. Implementation agency’s website/Project Management Unit and Project, Implementation Units (PIU), Ministry of Environment, Local Government Area.
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CHAPTER SEVEN
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES
7.0 Introduction
This chapter describes the environmental and social mitigation measures associated with the potential negative impacts associated with project implementation.
7.1 Approaches to Developing Mitigation Measure Options to address the various environmental and social issues identified have been worked out based on the review of good practices and requirement of compliance with the legal provisions as well as consultations with the relevant stakeholders. The principle that guides the approach to mitigation measure development is outlined below.
Table 7.1: Approach to Mitigation Measure Development
Mitigation Measure Practice 1. Seek alternatives to avoid particular
impacts. Consider alternatives to a proposed project activity. Examine alternative ways to achieve the objectives to
maximize benefits and minimize undesirable impacts. 2. Arrange compensation where
particular impacts are unavoidable. Restore damaged resources, such as, water source, irrigation
system, forest. Proper rehabilitation scheme, such as, skills training, new
employment. Adequate compensation payments to affected persons for
damage or loss of property, livelihood and provision of rehabilitation measures.
3. Take corrective measures to reduce unavoidable effects.
Consider corrective measures to reduce adverse impacts to acceptable standards, such as, remove spoil material during construction, replace or relocate community water source, assist in school expansion to handle influx of laborers' children, and others.
4. Implement preventive measures to avoid some impacts altogether.
Pre-preparation for minimizing adverse impacts, such as, implement health education program, initiate public awareness programs.
Source: Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2003, DoR.
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7.2Mitigation Measures
The appropriate mitigation measures suitable to the project are suggested in table 7.2.
Table 7.2: Summary of Envisaged Activities/Impacts and Mitigation Measures
S/No Activities
Envisaged/ Impacts
Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
General planning and designing new and existing roads 1. Project preparation
(Planning & Design)
Incorporate environmental and social concerns in project preparation. Ensure that construction activities take cognizance of sensitive ecosystems
such as forest reserve/sanctuaries/wetlands etc. Compliance with legal requirements. Chose or develop design standards for each facet of construction and related
activities—road beds, road surface, drainage, erosion control, re-vegetation, river crossing, sensitive areas, steep slopes, material extraction, transport, storage, construction camps, waste management and decommissioning (P&D).
Provide plans to identify, protect and use sensitive habitats (P&D). Take into account problems of soil and slope stability and local weather and
other natural phenomena viz erosion, flooding, earthquakes, heavy rain, mudslides, drought (P&D).
Develop a flood/erosion control plan for all projects (P&D). 2. Route planning
Involve multi-disciplinary team in planning new routes (P&D). Avoid routing road through sites of known paleontological, archeological,
historic, religious, or cultural significance (P&D) Avoid routing across agriculturally productive soils. Consider the problems of soil, slope stability, local weather and other
ecological phenomena (P&D). Where possible, site roads should follow hill contours and avoid creating
slopes greater than 10 degrees. Avoid gradients greater than 10 percent and long straight downhill stretches
(P&D) (C). Identify sites for temporary and permanent storage of excavated material and
construction materials (P&D) (C). Avoid environmentally sensitive areas and explore possible compromise
alternatives. (P&D) (C). Avoid constructing roads through forest areas (if possible) else protect or
restore forests elsewhere in the drainage basin as close as possible to those lost (P&D).
Minimize aesthetic and scenic impacts (P&D). Avoid citing roads along migration routes of animals (P&D) If sensitive areas cannot be avoided, involve ecologists and engineers in
designing road, construction camp, quarries, and other areas (P&D) (C).
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S/No Activities
Envisaged/ Impacts
Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
3. Construction contracts
Select or develop guidelines and procedures to be applied for each phase of project activities and incorporate into contracts for construction companies viz; site clearing, bed and surface construction, drainage, fuel and material usage, quarry site management, construction camp and work site operating procedures, including worker safety.
Include incentives for adherence to guidelines and penalties for violation. 4. Maintenance
agreements
Finalize maintenance agreements with local communities before construction. Define roles and ensure commitment of parties to terms of the agreement,
such as job description, time, frequency, compensation, and limits. 5. Code of conduct Develop and ensure strict adherence to the code of conduct to be signed by all
contractors and contract employees against any form of child abuse including sex with under-age or any vulnerable group, rape or sexual assault, child labour or exploitation and any form of discrimination.
Implementing Agency should ensure zero tolerance to non-adherence and would be held responsible for non-enforcement.
6. Sloped areas and raised roads
Stabilize slopes by planting local plant species. Work with agronomists to identify native species with the best erosion control
properties, root strength, site adaptability, and other socially useful properties. Set up nurseries in project areas to supply necessary plants. Use soil stabilizing chemicals or geo-textiles (fabrics) where feasible and
appropriate (P&D) (C). Minimize use of vertical road cuts even though they are easier to construct and
require less space than flatter slopes. The majority of road cuts should have no more than a 0.75:1 or 1:1 slope to promote plant growth. Vertical cuts are acceptable in rocky landscapes and in well-cemented soils (P&D) (C)
Install drainage ditches or berms on uphill slopes to divert water. (P&D) (C). Install drainage turnouts at more frequent intervals and check dams to reduce
ditch erosion (P&D) (C). If possible, use higher grade gravel that is much less prone to erosion (P&D)
(C). If very steep sections cannot be avoided, provide soil stabilizers or surface
with asphalt or concrete (P&D) (C). Planning and designing existing- Existing Roads (Reconstruction/Repair/Realignment) 1. Road surface is
below grade of surrounding
Raise road surface with stable fill material. Grade with in-slope, out-slope, or cambered shape. Install sufficient cross-drains ditches, and settling ponds (P&D) (C) (O&M).
2. Road is steeply sloped and eroding
Consider realigning the road sections to conform with preferred design parameters described above.
Decommission original road sections after realignment (P&D) (C) (O&M).
3. Deteriorated road surface
Determine cause of deterioration. If heavily used, find a means of reducing traffic or upgrade road to more durable surface— gravel, asphalt, or concrete (P&D) (C) (O&M).
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S/No Activities
Envisaged/ Impacts
Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
Road grading (P&D) (C) Landscaping
4. High-speed Driving
Realign road sections to meander; curving roads deter speeding (P&D). Add speed bumps in villages or populated areas (C).
5. Road sections with multiple tracks/off-road driving
Maintain or upgrade road so section no longer floods or becomes muddy (P&D) (O&M).
Raise the road bed or define the roadway with rocks. Realign the road to a better area. Avoid very flat terrain (P&D) (O&M).
6. Road section must be realigned
Remove surface and loosen soil of previous track to accelerate regeneration of vegetation.
Block access with rocks, branches, roadblocks, and signs. Narrow tracks usually re-vegetate naturally with no noticeable scars. Wider roads may require planting and reseeding (C) (O&M).
Construction 1. Site preparation Relocation of utilities, common property resources and cultural properties.
Avoid wanton destruction of roadside vegetation. 2. Construction
camps Avoid sensitive areas for location of construction camps Infrastructure arrangements for workers and construction equipment.
3. Borrow pits and Quarry Management
Obtain necessary statutory licenses Avoid agriculture lands as borrow areas. Minimize impact within (500m) radius (P&D) (C). Take safety precautions. Ensure operations are in line with the ESMP. No night crushing Adequate warning prior to blasting Decommission all sites as per approved ESMP.
4. Compacting
Water the road immediately before compacting to strengthen the road surface (P&D) (C).
When possible, delay compacting until the beginning of the wet season or when water becomes more available (P&D) (C).
5. Topsoil salvage, storage & replacement
Topsoil removal from areas temporarily/permanently used for construction. Re-use of topsoil for re-vegetation
6. Water for construction
Extract water in areas of scarcity with consent of community. Schedule construction activities as per water availability.
7. Capacity Building and Monitoring
Develop the required capacity to monitor compliance particularly safeguard issues.
Ensure compliance monitoring and reporting. 8. Slope stability and
erosion control Slope stability along hill roads. Protect land on hill side from stability loss due to cutting. Protect land on valley side from debris due to construction.
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S/No Activities
Envisaged/ Impacts
Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
Adequacy of drainage for erosion control. Conduct geological/geomorphological studies, investigate and recommend
best available options. Use civil engineering and bio-engineering measures. Measures taken to avoid undercutting of slope toes. Quarry activities must avoid river beds, where flood discharge is significant.
9. Road surface help or be adverse to road user
Comfort
Stabilize the road surface with gravel, murram, and other rocky surfacing materials.
Grade the road.
10. Waste management Ensure waste management practices are in line with the ESMP. Protect land on valley side from debris due to construction. Consider adequacy of drainage for erosion control. Develop adequate waste management plan. Engage accredited waste management company(ies).
11. Water bodies/ perennial and intermittent rivers and streams
Avoidance from cutting due to alignment. Protect embankment of slopes in case of alignment. Rehabilitate water body.
12. Wetlands Avoid routing through these areas (see “Route planning” above for additional guidance) (P&D).
Minimize cuts and fills and compensate for impact by protecting other wetlands (P&D) I.
Take special precautions to prevent dumping of debris etc I. Use elevated porous fills (rock-fills) or multiple pipes to maintain natural
groundwater and near-surface flow patterns (C ). 13. Drainage Conduct hydrological investigations during project preparation.
Provision of longitudinal and cross drainage as per requirements. Proper location of drainage outfall. Install drainage structures during rather than after construction. (P&D) I. Clearly define the type of road surface shapes and drainage methods—in-
sloped, out-sloped, or crown roadway—to be used for each section of roadway. Use outside ditches control surface water when necessary (P&D) I. Install diversion structures, such as cross drains, drivable, rolling dips, or water
bars, to move water off the road frequently and minimize concentration of water (P&D) I.
Install drainage crossings to pass water from uphill to downhill (P&D) I. Stabilize outlet ditches (inside and outside) with small stone riprap or
vegetative barriers placed on contours (P&D) I. Extend runout drains far enough (P&D) I. Visually spot check for drainage problems and ensure appropriate corrective
measures I.
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S/No Activities
Envisaged/ Impacts
Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
14. Construction plants & equipment management
Maintain machines and equipments regularly to avoid pollution. Minimize use of heavy machines (P&D) I. Set schedules maintenance (P&D) I. Investigate and use less toxic alternative products (P&D) I. Prevent fuel tank leaks by monitoring storage facilities.
15. Spoil disposal Minimize spoil by balancing cut and fill wherever possible Safe tipping areas identified and enforced. Spoil traps constructed. Land owner compensated.
16. Hazardous material Checks to ensure that storage is good and that there are no losses or leaks. Checks to ensure that protective clothing and safety measures are used.
17. Tree plantation Avoid impact on trees. Plant multiple local trees species in lieu of destroyed ones. Encourage tree planting along roadside.
18. Sensitive Ecosystems
Identify sensitive ecosystems. Develop EMP for roads passing through fragile habitats.
19. Air and dust pollution
Ensure stringent air pollution control measures. Regular maintenance of both mobile and stationery equipments. Ensure the use of high-efficient burners. Periodically monitor air quality parameters particularly at areas closer to
major socially and environmentally sensitive landmarks. Regularly spray water to avoid Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
particularly during the dry season. Plant dense vegetation on roadside.
20. Noise Schedule work to minimize disturbance. Inform the public when loud noise will be generated. Carry out schedule maintenance of equipment.
21. Workers health & safety and emergency response
Provide and enforce use of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs). Have on-site first-aid kits. Have dedicated emergency response numbers Develop and implement emergency response plan Have Retainership with healthcare providers in the case of medical
emergencies. Create awareness for staff on STIs including HIV/AIDS.
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S/No Activities
Envisaged/ Impacts
Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
22. Public health and safety at construction Site
Develop and implement sound safety plan. Ensure public safety while travel along construction sites. Have dedicated traffic management plan/team. Install adequate warning signs, delineators and barriers in appropriate places
including speed limits and if possible in local languages. Effective road safety awareness among affected communities using
appropriate media and local languages. Control speed using speed bumps. Carry out road safety audits and make recommendations. Contractor should develop an acceptable site-specific Environment, Health
and Safety (HSE) plan. Reduce associated construction site risks to the workers and the public –
safety. Ensure compliance to rules for work operations be instituted by the Contractors, including, but not limited to; location of plant equipment away from sensitive locations (hospitals, schools, etc.), equipment operation procedures, safety barriers, warning signs, first aid and medical kits and procedures, and safety training for the workers.
Reducing health risks from compound living conditions and interaction with the community – employee rules and information campaigns shall be instituted by the Contractor on health practices and communicable diseases.
The Contractor shall also ensure that the prevention and treatment facilities are made available to his employees.
23. Cultural practices
and properties Ensure compliance to native customs. Educate workers and contractors on native customs of the project area. Avoid unnecessary impacts due to project. Protect boundaries from impacts due to construction. Relocate in case impacts are unavoidable.
24. Land use and resettlement issues
Stand-alone Resettlement Action Plan that is acceptable to The Bank be developed to address all the resettlement impacts.
25. Local people excluded from project activities
Designs should incorporate methods within the skills of local people. Contractors should (where possible) use local labor.
26. Promises made to local people during feasibility and planning phases
Checks to ensure that the promises are fulfilled; if they prove to be not possible, reasonable alternatives must be negotiated.
27. Road closure and detours
Liaise with project communities and agree on when closure, detours and alternatives.
Contractor install and maintain warning signs Avoid collision with construction vehicles. Speed restrictions.
28. Graveyards and Avoid disturbance through:
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S/No Activities
Envisaged/ Impacts
Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
sacred areas (i) adjustments to alignments; and/or (ii) drainage and other design measures to avoid excessive runoff or erosion
onto the graveyard or burial. If any impact is unavoidable, the appropriate compensation measures will be
applied as per the RPF/RAP 29. Chance finds of
cultural resources Specify procedures for archaeological “chance finds” during the course of
construction activities in contract document in line with Physical Cultural (OP/BP 4.11).
30. Grievance Mechanism
Taking into cognizance tradition grievance redress mechanism, the project should would a project specific grievance redress and feedback mechanism to: Provides information about project implementation; Provides a forum for resolving grievances and disputes at the lowest level; Resolve disputes relatively quickly before they escalate to an unmanageable
level; Facilitate effective communication between the project and affected persons; Help win the trust and confidence of community members in the project and
creates productive relationships between the parties; Ensure equitable and fair distribution of benefits, costs, and risks; Mitigate or prevent adverse impacts of the project on communities and
produces appropriate corrective or preventive action; and Help avoid project delays and cost increase and improve quality of work.
31. Gender and Prevention of Sexual and Gender Based Violence
Engage CBOs/NGOs etc within the community to monitor activities including the protection of vulnerable population (especially women/minors) from risks associated with the influx of workers such as sexual harassment, underage sex, rape, violence and child exploitation.
Project to establish a code of conduct for contractor employees and contract workers, acknowledging a zero-tolerance policy towards child labor and child sexual exploitation (with contractors/Resident Engineers/implementing agency held accountable for enforcement).
Develop and implement a robust STIs including HIV/AIDS sensitization programme while targeting youths as well as other highly vulnerable groups such as girls and sexually active women, the commercial sex workers in collaboration with the National and State Agencies for the Control of AIDS (NACA/SACA) on protection and treatment.
32. Information
dissemination Ensure continuous information dissemination on environmental and social
risks using appropriate local media (print and electronic). Disseminate the information in local languages for wider coverage.
33. Environmental and Social Compliance
Develop ESMP Ensure compliance to social and environmental issues
Operation and Maintenance 1. Road
Maintenance Monitor and maintain drainage structures and ditches including culverts. Clean out culverts and side channels and run-outs when they begin to fill with
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S/No Activities
Envisaged/ Impacts
Mitigations (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
sediment and lose their effectiveness (O&M). Fill mud holes and potholes with good quality gravel; remove trees and limbs
obscuring roadways (O&M). Use water from settling basins and retention ponds for road maintenance
(O&M). Ensure a combined approach, with a private contractor performing
mechanized maintenance and subcontracting labor-intensive maintenance to the communities.
Ensure the maintenance contracts are performance-based with penalties in case of non-compliance with the agreed standards (e.g. flouting safety rules, number of potholes per km of roads).
Ensure regular maintenance of equipments in order to reduce or possibly eliminate environmental pollution.
Decommissioning 2. Decommissioning
Break old road surfaces and soil. Remove and dispose surfacing material if necessary and loosen soil of previous
track to accelerate regeneration of vegetation. Reshape eroded or culled surfaces with out-sloping, or add cross drains or
water bars so water will no longer follow the course of the roadway Re-vegetate as needed. Narrow tracks will usually re-vegetate naturally with no noticeable scars or impact on the environment, but wider roads may require active planting and reseeding (O&M).
Block access with rocks, branches, roadblocks and signs.
7.3 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Design and Tender Documents
Use mitigation measures developed herewith and integrate into the project design and tender documents. By using this approach, the mitigation measures will automatically become part of the project construction and operation phase.
Project Design
The mitigation measure integration in the design phase will help in strengthening the benefits and sustainability of the project. Project Contract
The project contractor should be bound by the parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment pertaining to specific mitigation measures in the contract. The final acceptance of the completed works should not occur until the environmental clauses have been satisfactorily implemented.
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Bill of Quantities
The tender instruction should explicitly mention the site-specific mitigation measures, materials to be used, labor camp arrangements and waste disposal areas, as well other site specific environmental requirements.
Supervision and Monitoring
The purpose of supervision is to ensure that specific mitigation parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily implemented. A categorized mitigation measures and its implementation is given in the table below.
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Table 7.3: Mitigation Implémentation S/no Mitigation Activity Implementation Responsibility Party
Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring* 1. Slope stability Specify bio-
2. Spoil disposal Identify mass balance techniques.
Safe tipping areas identified and enforced.
Design spoils traps.
Do Quantify disposal and extraction volume.
Presence of scouring, erosion, damage to property, water supply disruption.
Complaints from local people
3. Water management Design safe discharge drainage and techniques (check dam) to natural water course.
Do Physical works for safe discharge drainage listed.
Evidence of fresh surface erosion, presence of gullies, increase in water turbidity, loss of agriculture forest land.
Slope condition. Public complaints.
4. Land use Explore use of marginal land.
Check impacts are limited to compensated trees and products.
Do - Quantify actual land use pattern for construction and other activities.
Public complaints.
5. Plants and wildlife Consider construction affecting forests and productive plots.
Do - Check habitats re-created on marginal roadside land.
6. Quarries and borrow pits
Design bunds to screen noise and dust.
Design re-grading slopes.
Use bio-engineering techniques for rehabilitation.
Do Quantify restoration costs and present technical specifications.
Check for water ponding, formation of gullies, water turbidity.
Check unauthorized quarrying activities.
7. Stone crushing and asphalt plants
- Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense.
Dust control equipment being utilized.
Public complaints. 8. Hazardous
materials Specify storage
facilities for explosives and toxic
Do Amount to be included in contractor's own
Checks to ensure that storage is good and that there are no
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S/no Mitigation Activity Implementation Responsibility Party
Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring* materials. expense through rate
for supplying materials.
losses or leaks. Checks to ensure
that protective clothing and safety measures are used.
9. Camp operation Identify camping grounds.
Do Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through work camp item expense.
Latrine construction and effective waste disposal.
Check disruption in water supply.
Re-vegetation, rehabilitation of site.
10. Dust and noise Indicate use of safe pollution level equipment.
Do Specify buffer area requirements.
Amount to be included in contractor's own expense through work camp item expense.
Air pollution control equipment.
Dust deposition on crops and vegetation.
Survival rate of plants.
Public complaints. 11. Social issues Incorporate socially
acceptable design specifications.
Do - Check issues pertaining to social concern.
12. Code of conduct Develop and ensure compliance to code of conduct.
Do Specify requirements of the code of conduct and specify roles.
Ensure that all contractors sign and abide.
Monitor adherence. 13. Road maintenance
Arrangement with
the various communities on the corridor and private contractor
Penalties in case of non-compliance with the agreed standards (e.g. number of potholes per km of roads).
Specify manner of maintenance and specific roles
Harmonious relationship with well maintained road
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CHAPTER EIGHT
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION
8.1 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building
This ESMF provides the required platform for the management of the environmental and social safeguards components associated with RAMP 2 sub-projects, the successful implementation of the ESMF will depend largely on the degree of collaboration of relevant institutions. This will ensure that the sub-projects are implemented with due cognizance to the environment and its resources. The roles of the major stakeholder institutions are identified are presented in the below table by matching the various components of the RAMP 2 sub-project activities together with the corresponding institutions that has the statutory responsibilities such as issuance of licences, permits, assessment, monitoring and enforcement.
The RAMP II project as a whole would be implemented and monitored by the Technical Steering Committee (Board) consisting of relevant stakeholders across participating institutions with the PMUs managing activities of the entire project in each State.
The respective implementing agencies will constitute its Project Implementation Units (PIUs).
As a point of emphasis, the PMU, has the mandate to:
Co-ordinate the project programmes and actions in the various States;
Plan, coordinate, manage and develop the various sub-project activities;
Prepare plans for RAMP management and development.
The roles and responsibilities of the institutions required to effectively implement the program and projects with a view to ensuring sustainable management of the environmental and social components of the projects are outline in the table below.
1. Federal Government MDAs such as the Federal Ministry of Environment and NESREA
- Lead role -provision of advice on screening, scoping, review of draft EA/EMP report (in liaison with State Ministry of Environment), receiving comments from stakeholders, public hearing of the project proposals, and convening a technical decision-making panel, Project categorization for EA, applicable standards, environmental and social liability investigations, monitoring and evaluation process and other criteria.
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Safeguard Responsibilities S/No Category Roles
2. State Government MDAs (Ministry of Lands, Survey, Housing and Urban Planning, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Local Government, other MDAs etc
- Compliance overseer at State level on matters of land acquisition, compensation and other resettlement issues.
- Come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected.
- Participate in the EA processes and decision-making process that helps prevent or minimize impacts and to mitigate them. These institutions may also be required to issue consent or approval for an aspect of a project; allow an area to be included in a project; or allow impact to a certain extent or impose restrictions or conditions, monitoring responsibility or supervisory oversight.
3. World Bank - Assess implementation - Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework
and implementation performance. 4. PMU Safeguards Unit - Liaise closely with the Ministry of Environment in preparing a co-ordinated
response on the environmental and social aspects of project development.
5. Local government - Liaise with the PMU to verify the adequacy of resettlement location and provide approval for such sites, provide additional resettlement area(s) if the designated locations are not adequate, provide necessary infrastructures in relocated areas, engage and encourage the carrying out comprehensive awareness campaign for the proposed sub-projects amongst the various relevant grass roots interest groups.
6. NGOs/CSOs/CDAs, CBOs - Assist in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions. - Conduct scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and
devise sustainable environmental strategies and rehabilitation techniques. - Organize, coordinate and ensure safe use of volunteers in a response action and
actually identify where these volunteers can effectively be used. - Provide wide support helpful in management planning,
institutional/governance issues and other livelihood related matter. - Monitor project impacts and mitigation measure, awareness campaigns.
7. The General Public - Same as above
Specific areas for effective institutional capacity requirements are given in the table below.
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Table 8.2: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management Training Modules on Environment and Social Management
Programme Description Participants Form Of Training
Duration/Location
Training Conducting Agency
Sensitization Workshop
Introduction to the environment: Basic concepts of the
environment and sustainable development.
Environmental regulations and statutory requirements in Nigeria and World Bank.
Chief Engineer/ Superintending Engineers of Implementing Agency and Project Coordinator, Safeguards unit, Procurements & other relevant groups
Workshop ½ day Safeguards Specialists, external agency engaged for capacity building.
Module I Introduction to the environment: Basic concept of the
environment and environmental management.
Environmental regulations and statutory requirements as per Governments and The World Bank.
Engineers of implementing MDAs (MEnv/SEPA.
Lecture ¼ day Safeguards Specialists, Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.
-Module II Environmental considerations in sub-projects:
Environmental components affected by urban development in construction and operation stages.
Rural agricultural practices and environmental degradation.
Challenges of pest control and the environment.
Environmental management practices in urban and rural projects.
Stakeholders’ collaboration in rural project management.
Engineers of implementing MDAs (MEnv/SEPA units), community leaders/CBOs/NGOs
Workshop 1 day Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.
Module III Review of the EIA requirements and its integration into designs:
ESIA methodology Environmental
provisions. Implementation
arrangements Methodology of
assessment and pollution
Engineers of implementing MDAs
Lecture and field visit
½ day Safeguards Specialists of Design Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.
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Training Modules on Environment and Social Management Programme Description Participants Form Of
Training Duration/Location
Training Conducting Agency
monitoring. Methodology for site
selection of waste disposal area etc.
Module IV Stakeholders participation: Overview of RAMP 2 Environmental & social
impacts Statutory permissions –
procedural requirements Co-operation &
coordination with other MDAs in monitoring
Officials of MEnv/SEPA, and other relevant MDAs
Lecture and field visit
1 day Safeguards Specialists of Design Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.
Module V Stakeholders role in civil works and agricultural practices:
Roles and responsibilities of officials/contractors/ consultants in environmental protection and implementation arrangements.
Monitoring mechanisms.
Officials of MEnv/SEPA, and other line MDAs
Lecture and field visit
1 day Safeguards Specialists of Design Consultant/ external agency engaged for capacity building
Module VI Monitoring and reporting system, community participatory monitoring and evaluation
Engineers of implementing Agency, MEnv/SEPA, & relevant MDAs, Community leaders/CBOs/NGOs
1 day Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/external agency engaged for capacity building.
8.2 ESMF Communication Plan
The ESMF communication plan refers to specific guidelines and protocols consistent with the principles of participation that will govern the project and which will be reflected in the communication plans, including the communication plans of the social safeguard frameworks of the RAMP II project in Imo State.
They are:
I. establishment of feasible participation mechanisms, II. establishment of participation mechanisms for transparency, responsibility of
delivery of public service and an anticorruption approach; III. promotion of mechanisms for dialogue based on realistic; IV. integration of most vulnerable groups, such as women, young persons, children,
older persons and indigenous communities.
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8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring
The Imo State PMU Safeguard Units will commence monitoring as an important feedback mechanism. This will ensure that the environmental and social mitigation measures in this ESMF are;
Complied with during the implementation and are strengthened by arising situations;
Identified in the planning phase (contained in the EA report), and incorporated in the project design and cost are being implemented;
Maintained throughout the construction phase and where applicable in the operational phase and the decommissioning of phase, facilities and equipment; and
In the case of inadequacy, additional remedial actions are identified (including corrective measures or re-design of mitigation measures).
The methodology for monitoring the implementation of mitigation measures or environmental impacts should be simple, standardized while necessary useful information are collected for ease of implementation by the respective sub-project implementers.
The monitoring responsibilities would be carried out by the following:
PMUs Safeguard Units: will effectively monitor all the engaged civil contractors to ensure strict adherence to the environmental and social clauses and principles for all the RAMP activities (not readily identified now). The monitoring results from the executing agencies would be reported to the MEnv/SEPA, for necessary action.
MEnv/SEPA (Federal and State levels): The Ministry of Environment/SEPAs will carry out its own compliance monitoring in order to ensure that the conditions for the issuance of permit and relevant standards and mitigation measures are being fulfilled by operators in the sub-projects.
MDAs: all the relevant MDAs would participate in the monitoring while taking into cognizance the specific components as it relates to the agencies’ areas of statutory responsibility(ies).
Local Governments: as the closest tier of government, the LGAs would participate in the monitoring to ensure and verify adequacy of implementation and mitigation measures.
Communities/CBOs/NGOs: will be involved in the collection of useful data that to be used in monitoring and realigning the project in line with sustainability plan as such they will play a role in the monitoring framework.
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World Bank and AFD: will continuously appraise and monitor the implementation of the ESMF together with other safeguards instruments and make additional suggestions/recommendation as the need may arise.
8.4 Environmental Code of Conduct, Social Integration and Participation
An indicative environmental and social code of conduct for rural access infrastructure development for contractors that shall work on the project is shown in Appendix 5.
Table 8.3: Inclusion of Social Clauses and Mitigation Measures
S/n Social Clause Mitigation Measures 1. Community participation Participation in decision- making on issues concerning them.
Involvement of affected people for consultation, preparation and implementation A summary of the views expressed and consider in preparing the resettlement
plans/EMP. Review of the alternatives and choices by affected persons wherever options are
available to them. 2. Integration with host
populations & promotion of social inclusion
Use existing local groups rather than form new ones. Reduce social exclusion by increasing access to opportunities especially the
marginalized. Socially marginalized groups and individuals must fully participate. Target women and youths.
3. Social inclusion & avoidance of elite capture/ vulnerable groups
Encourage programmes that meet peoples’ needs and reduce the feeling of alienation.
Include special efforts (affirmative action) to fully integrate socially marginalized. Ensure access to information through participatory village focus groups. Partnership to remove the barriers to social inclusion. Place emphasis on the views and needs of the vulnerable groups.
4. Gender issues Ensure road-project opportunities targets at least 50% of women. Conduct gender study that strive to mainstream gender concerns in the use of,
access to and maintenance of roads. 5. Avoidance of promotion of
any conflict among community groups
Ensure an agreement on expectations. Faithful implementation of memorandums of understanding (MoU). Ensure equitable service delivery. Ensure generalized benefits regardless of ethnic, gender, generation, health
conditions or socio-economic status. Encourage cross-cultural communication that could facilitate peaceful coexistence,
harmony and mutual partnerships. Faithful implementation of memorandum of understanding by stakeholders Design sub-project activities to encourage cross-cultural communication systems
that facilitate human coexistence, harmony and mutual partnerships. Impact of resettlement on host communities should always be seen as very urgent
issues to treat through: o arrangements for prompt tendering of any payment due the hosts for land or other
assets provided to Project affected persons; o arrangements for addressing any conflict that may arise between PAPs and host
communities; and o any measures necessary to augment services (e.g., education, water, health, and
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
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production services) in host communities
6. Implementation Arrangements
Include and ensure community participation and oversight in their domains. Description of responsible for implementation of compensation payment and
resettlement activities should be outlined and an assessment of the institutional capacity of such agencies and NGOs.
7. Accountability in the use of public funds
Participatory planning, budgeting and monitoring Public information dissemination fund use Collective embracement of the tenets of probity, accountability and transparency.
8. Grievance procedures To resolving conflict in the communities use existing traditional methods that are affordable and accessible procedures for redressal of disputes such as: community meetings, elders-in-council, dialogue, council of chiefs, appeals and summons, elders assembly, religious leaders, youth council, women groups, and ultimately the police and courts.
9. Implementation schedule Ensure an implementation schedule covering all payments of compensation and other applicable resettlement activities from preparation through implementation, including target dates for the achievement of expected benefits to PAPs and hosts and terminating the various forms of assistance.
The schedule should indicate how the resettlement activities are linked to the implementation of the overall project.
The affected persons and CBOs/NGOs should be abreast of the schedule 10. Project Monitoring Ensure local communities/CBOs/NGOs play significant roles in the monitoring
framework. 11. Establishment of code of
conduct Develop and ensure adherence to code of conduct for contractor employees and
contract workers. Ensure zero-tolerance policy towards any form of child abuse including child labour
and sexual exploitation. Ensure zero tolerance toward violence and abuse of vulnerable groups such as
women and minors including rape. Implementing agency should be held responsible for non-adherence.
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
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8.5 Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State
To effectively implement the environmental and social management measures suggested as part of the ESMF, the indicative budget is presented below.
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
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Table 8.4: Estimated Annual Indicative Budget for ESMF in Imo State Estimated Annual Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State
S/No. ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Assumptions
Total Cost/Annum (N)
1. 2.
Capacity Building for PIU Personnel Training Programs held in-country
2,500,000.00
Meetings, Workshops and Stakeholders Engagement
Monthly estimated expenses of 5000 each for 2 persons -per year
Based on actual expenses
3. 4. 5. 6.
Environmental Screening of transactions
No additional budget No additional budget
Engagement of Specialists Assume specialists may be engaged times to investigate issues
To be worked out at the commencement of contract/engagement.
Field Visits to facility locations Field visits estimated for 2 PMU personnel per year including transportation, accommodation and daily allowances.
3,400,000.00
Meetings, Workshops and Stakeholder Engagement
No additional budget Based on actual expenses
7. 8. 9.
ESMP Scoping Workshops ESMP Scoping workshops per year
As part of the ESMP preparation
ESMP Reports Assume average cost of each ESMP depending on the extent of the road
9,500,00.00
Engagement of Environmental and Social Specialists
As part of the EMP preparation
10. Grievance Redress and beneficiary feedback management.
Sundry expenses for transportation and other logistics
1,200,000.00
11. Monitoring Compliance with ESMP on E&S issues during pre-operations and operational activities
Assume quarterly monitoring activities over 5 days each quarter per year
3,000,000.00
Sub-Total 19,600,000.00
Contingency 10% of sub-total 1,960,000.00
Total 21,560,000.00
Twenty One Million, Five Hundred and Sixty Thousand Naira Only.
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
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Bibliography
Elizabeth Ebi (2015); “Exploring the Resources control Option – Imo State”. Vanguard Newspaper, June 2, 2015), www.vanguardngr.com.
Environmental and Social Screening of Prioritized 400km of Rural Roads to be Constructed/Rehabilitated Under RAMP II in Imo State (Final Report), October 2016.
Federal Ministry of Environment (2011): Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for The Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project covering Abia, Anambra, Cross River, Edo, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States prepared by Eugene O. Itua.
Federal Ministry of Works (2013); “Compendium Report on Road Infrastructure & Related Development in Nigeria – An Investor’s Manual”, Pison Housing Company.
FPMU (2008); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rural Access And Mobility Project, covering Enugu and Osun State - Draft Final Report (Updated Edition) Prepared By Earth Guard.
FPMU (2012); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rural Access And Mobility Project, covering Adamawa, Niger, Enugu and Osun States - Draft Final Report (Updated Edition) Prepared By Eugene O. Itua.
Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project (IUFMP) 2014; “Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project (Final Report)”, Ibadan, Oyo State.
Imo State of Nigeria (2008); Imo State Environmental Transformation Commission Law No. 3 of 2008, Imo State of Nigeria.
Imo RAMP II (2016); “Identification, Selection and Prioritization of Intervention Areas and Rural Road Networks (final report)”. Pheman Peniel Consultant, Ikeja-Lagos.
LAMATA (2009); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Towards The Preparation For LUTP II, Prepared By Multiple Development Services, June.
Ministry Of Local Development, Nepal, (2004): Environmental and Social Management Framework for Rural Access Improvement Project.
NPC (2006); National Population Census, National Population Commission, Abuja.
The World Bank (2012): Project Appraisal Document On A Second Rural Access And Mobility Project (RAMP 2) to Federal Republic Of Nigeria Report No: 65586-NG.
The World Bank (2014); New Country Partnership Strategy in Nigeria Set to Spur Growth, Less Poverty, Strategy for the Federal Republic of Nigeria 20014 - 2017. www.worldbank.org/publication.
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USAID (2009): Environmental Guidelines for Small-Scale Activities in Africa.
World Bank (2010): Environmental And Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental And Social Management Framework For State Expenditure Effectiveness For Opportunities And Results (SEEFOR) In Niger Delta States (Bayelsa, Delta, Edo & Rivers) Nigeria Prepared By Eugene Itua
https://www.cgidd.com/
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/imo_state.
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Appendix 1
Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)
Use of Country Systems (OP 4.00). The Bank's environmental and social ("safeguard") policies are designed to avoid, mitigate, or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of projects supported by the Bank. The Bank encourages its borrowing member countries to adopt and implement systems that meet these objectives while ensuring that development resources are used transparently and efficiently to achieve desired outcomes. To encourage the development and effective application of such systems and thereby focus on building borrower capacity beyond individual project settings, the Bank is piloting the use of borrower systems in Bank-supported projects. The key objective of the pilot program is to improve overall understanding of implementation issues related to greater use of country systems. To be used where, in the Bank’s judgment, the country’s system would materially satisfy the objectives and operational principles of the applicable Bank policies. Using country systems enhances country ownership and thus the sustainability of development programs. In addition, using country systems can lower transaction costs and increase aid effectiveness by providing a natural focal point for Supporter efforts to harmonize their processes.
Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA process. This environmental process will apply to all sub-projects to be funded by RAMP.
Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs. If the environmental assessment indicates that a project would significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the project includes mitigation measures acceptable to the Bank. Such mitigation measures include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loss (e.g. strategic habitat retention and post-development restoration) and establishing and maintaining an ecologically similar protected area. The Bank accepts other forms of mitigation measures only when they are technically justified. Should the sub-project-specific ESMPs indicate that natural habitats might be affected negatively by the proposed sub-project activities with suitable mitigation measures, such sub-projects will not be funded under the RAMP .
Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and environmentally sound pest management. It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods. An assessment is made of the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. This policy will most likely not apply to RAMP
Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by (a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets, or (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. The ESMF and RPF reports discuss the applicability of this policy in detail.
Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples. Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Sub-projects that would have negative impacts on indigenous people will not be funded under RAMP.
Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed investment projects: (a) projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; (b) projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and (c) projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations,
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whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. The Bank does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical habitats. If a project involves the significant conversion or degradation of natural forests or related natural habitats that the Bank determines are not critical, and the Bank determines that there are no feasible alternatives to the project and its sitting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs, the Bank may finance the project provided that it incorporates appropriate mitigation measures. Sub-projects that are likely to have negative impacts on forests will not be funded under RAMP.
Physical Cultural Properties (OP 4.11). Assist in preserving physical cultural resources and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR includes resources of archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance. This policy addresses physical cultural resources, 1 which are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above or below ground, or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. Physical cultural resources are important as sources of valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for economic and social development, and as integral parts of a people’s cultural identity and practices. It is Implemented as an element of the Environmental Assessment. RAMP will not fund sub-projects that will have negative impacts on cultural property.
Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status. The Bank distinguishes between small and large dams. Small dams are normally less than 15 m in height; this category includes, for example, farm ponds, local silt retention dams, and low embankment tanks. For small dams, generic dam safety measures designed by qualified engineers are usually adequate. This policy does apply to RAMP 1 since the policy is not triggered under the project.
Projects on International Waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of riparian’s is essential for the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways and attaches great importance to riparian’s making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part thereof. Projects that trigger this policy include hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control, navigation, drainage, water and sewerage, industrial, and similar projects that involve the use or potential pollution of international waterways. This policy will not apply to RAMP.
Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur the Bank and its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more neighbouring countries. Any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage. The Bank attempts to acquire assurance that it may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the governments concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project proposed can go forward without prejudice to the claims of the country having a dispute. This policy is not expected to be triggered by sub-projects. This policy is unlikely to be triggered by sub-projects to be funded by RAMP.
Disclosure Policy (OP 17.50).Supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. Mandated by six safeguard policies that have specific requirements for disclosure in country (Before project appraisal in local language and in English) and World Bank InfoShop (Before project appraisal in English). Documents can be in draft but must meet WB standards).
Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), September, 2016
Appendix 2
Minutes of Stakeholders’ Meeting Held with the Imo Rural Access and Mobility Project 2 (Imo RAMP 2), on Friday 9th of September, 2016.
Venue: Imo RAMP II Project Office, Owerri, Imo State.
1. ATTENDANCE
List attached (as below)
2. INTRODUCTION
The stakeholders meeting was anchored by Engr. John Uzor (State Project Coordinator of RAMP 2) began precisely at 10.45am with the opening prayer by Hon. Ojiaka Obinna – the Transition Chairman of Ikeduru Local Government Area.
The various participants were given the opportunity for self-introduction while Engr. Uzor introduced to the house the essence of the meeting and also the consultant for the assignment.
He stated that the consultant was sent by the FPMU to review and update the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the RAMP 2 to include Imo State (new state) preparatory to the effective take-off of the project in the State.
The State Project Coordinator (Engr. Uzor) also appreciated all the stakeholders for honouring the invitation inspite of the short notice particularly all the Transition Chairmen (TCs) of Local Governments. He equally appreciated all the MDAs including federal agencies (NESREA) and the staff of the SPIU for their commitment and cooperation which is very germane to fostering good relationship during implementation of the RAMP 2 project in Imo State.
He also explained to the participants the current state of the RAMP 2 with respect to Imo State and the intention of the RAMP 2 projects toward the construction of selected and prioritized 401.1km of rural roads across the State in order to enhance rural transportation, improve transportation of farm produce and also access to social infrastructure amongst other benefits.
3. THE PURPOSE OF THE MEETING
The Consultant, Mr. Ogunsawe David explained to the stakeholders the purpose of the meeting with regard to the concept of sustainable development, the rationale for sustainable development together with the World Bank’s standard for sustainable environment in all its sponsored projects particularly as it relates to involuntary resettlement. Also, the need to ensure compliance to the World Bank principle on safeguards in project preparation activities was also discussed.
It was generally agreed that since the majority of the rural people of Imo State are predominantly farmers, the various sub-project activities of the RAMP 2 would tremendously improve livelihood, easy transportation of agricultural produce and more importantly eradicate poverty in the rural communities across the State (Imo).
Therefore, the issues of ESMF and RPF were enumerated with its advantages to solve both possible environmental and social concerns as a result of the RAMP 2 projects implementation.
4. THE EXPECTED ROLES AND CAPACITY OF MDA
The State Coordinator (Engr. Uzor) however, informed the participants of the desire of the SPIU to adhere to best engineering standard in the design, construction, monitoring and maintenance. However, Barrister Innocent Anuebunwa (Representing the Transition Chairman of Onuiro Local
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65
Government) spoke about the issue of compensation for the PAPs while the State Coordinator also took time to assure of the adequacy of the State to fully compensate any PAP.
Also, Mr. Ojinaka Obinna a Director of Planning in the Supervising Ministry-Ministry of Local Government enumerated the environmental and social consequences of affected trees while Engr. Bassel Nwogwugwu mentioned the issue of compensation for PAPs whose structures would be affected as a result of the project activities. They were both assured of the strict adherence to global best practice and smooth compensation.
In the areas of public enlightenment, Mr. Cliffors Orji, the Transitional Chairman of Nwangele Local Government requested its fellow Local Government Chairmen to ensure adequate sensitization to ensure cooperation by project communities while soliciting for proper assessment and adherence to engineering design for the project.
The NESREA Representative, Mr. Stanley Onwuizor raised the possibility of erosion due to the nature of the soil during project activities and the need to inculcate discharge pits to collect run-offs in communities that does not have storm water collection infrastructure.
The Transitional Chairman of Ikeduru Local Government, Engr. Obinna Nshirim equally advocated for the inclusion of local contractors and youths during project implementation, the SPIU Coordinator, Engr. Uzor however promised to looked into the matter with the assurance that the quality of the project would never be compromised.
5. CONCLUSION
Engr. Orji of Nwangele Local Government Area expressed his profound appreciation for the inclusion of the State in RAMP 2 and also pledged the commitment of the Local Government Chairmen toward ensuring the success of the project in the State. He equally, appreciated the Consultant for the enlightenment while thanking other agencies such as NESREA, NEWSMAP (Imo State) for their support and assured the SPIU Coordinator of the continuous support of all the Local Government Areas and other agencies toward ensuring the successfulness of the project across the State.
6. CLOSING REMARKS
The State Project Coordinator- Engr. Uzor appreciated the participants for honoring his invitation and their active participation and also the Consultants for taking the pains to explain the essence of the assignment.
He stated that the project was still in the preparation stage and there would still be need to call people for meetings as occasion demands.
7. CLOSING
The meeting ended at around 1.25pm after the closing prayer.
Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), September, 2016
Appendix 3 Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix and Checklist for Environmental Impact Prediction
1. Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix Impact Category Physical Resources Ecological Systems Landscape Socio-Economic Activities
Soil
Ero
sion
Deb
ris
Dep
osit
ion
Silt
atio
n
Soil
Com
pact
ion
Surf
ace
Ru
noff
Hyd
rolo
gy
Top
ogra
phy
Dra
inag
e
Wet
land
s
Surf
ace
Wat
er Q
uant
ity
Surf
ace
Wat
er Q
ualit
y
Gro
und
wat
er Q
uan
tity
Gro
und
Wat
er Q
ualit
y
Hab
itat
Cha
n ge
Spec
ies
Div
ersi
ty
Alie
n sp
ecie
s
Veg
etat
ion
Poa
chin
g
Wild
life
Mov
emen
t
Ani
mal
Har
assm
ent
Eco
logi
cal F
unc
tion
Exc
epti
onal
Res
ourc
es
Tro
pica
l For
est
Scen
ic Q
ualit
y
Wild
erne
ss Q
ualit
y
Vie
wsh
ed
Car
ryin
g C
apac
ity
Vis
itor
Ex p
erie
nce
Hum
an S
ettl
emen
t
Com
pati
bilit
y /
lC
ost t
o A
genc
y
Ben
efit
to A
genc
y
Cos
ts to
Com
mu
niti
es
Ben
efit
s to
Hea
lth
Dis
ease
Vec
tors
Noi
se L
evel
s
Dus
t Lev
els
Ris
ks/
Haz
ard
Em
ploy
men
t
Loc
al E
cono
my
Tou
rist
ind
ustr
y
Construction Vegetation clearing
Construction camp
Transportation/ Logistics
Noise and vibration
Air pollution
Material excavation/quarry management
Loss of farmland
Cutting & filling
Blasting
Distortion of drainages/water channels
Vulnerability to natural hazards, landslides/slips, soil erosion
Storage of diesel/oils
Waste management
Land availability
Loss of structures
Loss of livelihood
Impacts on infrastructure
Vehicular traffic & accident
Security breaches
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
Appendix 5 Indicative Environmental and Social Code of Conduct and Clauses for Contractors
1. Environmental and Social Code of Conduct for Rural Access Infrastructure Development
S/No. Environmental and
Social Issues Potential Impact Codes of Conduct
Pre-construction/Construction Phase
1. Land Use
Road alignment may pass through cultivated and forested land resulting in a permanent loss of the resources.
While the landowner has to part away with his land ownership, the environmental effects can amplify if proper operation and maintenance schedules are overruled.
Plan road alignment to minimize loss of resources. Avoid width of road of more than 4.5 m in hilly area. Demarcate RoW to avoid encroachment.
2. Material Use
Excess extraction of local resources, such as wood, sand, soil, boulders, etc.
Degradation of forests, erosion and landslide at steep locales due to boulder, stone extraction.
Change in river/stream ecosystem due to unchecked sand extraction.
Extract materials only on need basis. Avoid sensitive areas, such as steep slopes and water-ways.
3. Slope Stability
Extraction of forest products and cutting of trees in the steep slopes increases soil erosion/landslide due to loss of soil binding materials.
Wrong alignment can trigger slope failure Haphazard disposal of construction waste can disturb
slopes Improper drainage facilities can result in erosion and
landslides
Extract carefully and secure the top soil within 25 cm from the surface. Limit down grading of the road to 50. If down grading exceeds 70, construction of side drainage is necessary. Keep optimum balance in extraction and filling of soil works. geo-hazardous assessment and mapping Use designated disposal site and avoid side casting of spoil Provide proper drainage Use bio-engineering on exposed slopes
4. Wildlife
Wildlife habitats at forests, shrub land along road alignment are affected from the road construction activities.
Wildlife and human conflicts increase as wildlife might destroy the crops or attack the construction worker.
Avoid as much as possible areas with high biodiversity. Efficient movement of machinery and other traffic. Control poaching activities and regulate movement of labor force and their dependents into the forest area. District Forest Office and its subsidiary body should be involved in monitoring the activities of the construction workers and officials to minimize wildlife harassing, trapping and poaching.
5. Drainage
Higher flow rate of surface water and water logging induce landslides and erosion.
Quality of road diminishes due to poor drainage such as water logging, immense flow rate of surface water.
It is strongly recommended that the cross drainage outlets must be channeled to the confirmed natural drains. If horizontal slope exceeds 5%, construction of flow control device necessary every 20m.
6. Protection of Vegetation
Protected areas and highly forested areas. Degradation of forest areas. Degradation of agricultural land.
Use minimum and efficient use of wood products for construction. Initiate plantation at damaged and damage prone areas. Increase liability of local forest user groups. Avoid protected areas or densely forested areas
7. Disposal of Construction Wastes
Dumping of wastes along the road or elsewhere.
Selected spoil dumping sites should be used. After disposal, the area should be leveled and compacted. It is recommended to conserve the soil by planting indigenous plants including grasses. Wastes could also be used as leveling materials along the roadside.
8. Disposal of Sanitary Wastes
Unmanaged sanitary waste disposal creating health problems and public nuisance.
Proper sanitation area needs to be demarked. Check for hygiene of work force.
9. Impacts on amenities along RoW
Road crossings at water supply, irrigation lines may be disturbed/damaged.
Avoid as much as possible the crossing over such amenities.
10. Pollution
Dust generation from construction activities, construction vehicular movement increases air pollution.
Noise pollution likely from construction machinery operation and vehicular movement.
Possibly construction period should be during August to December when soil moisture content is most. Consider construction of road at 50 m from settlement.
S/No. Environmental and
Social Issues Potential Impact Codes of Conduct
Sanitary problems likely at the construction and workforce quarters.
Enforce speed limit of vehicles and construct the road according to volume and size of traffic movement.
11. Child abuse including sex and violence
Engaging in child exploitation Workforce engaging in sexual and physical abuse of minors Violence against minors
Ensure that contractors sign the code of conduct. Ensure zero tolerance to any form of child abuse. Monitor the adherence to the code of conduct. Issue stiff penalties to non-adherence.
12. Violence against vulnerable groups
Sexual and/or physical violence against minors, women and other vulnerable groups
Ensure that contractors sign the code of conduct. Monitor the adherence to the code of conduct. Issue stiff penalties to non-adherence.
13. Grievance Mechanism Sub-project activities likely to result in grievances. Use existing traditional methods to address
grievances. Set time-frame for grievance redress and response.
14. Communication Information not properly disseminated. Likelihood of not using appropriate communication channel
Ensure continuous information dissemination on environmental and social risks using appropriate local media (print and electronic).
Disseminate information in local languages for wider coverage.
15. Protection of vulnerable population
Exposure of vulnerable population including women and minors to forms of abuse including exploitation, sex and violence.
Adherence to code of conduct. Integrate CBOs/NGOs in monitoring activities.
16. Cultural practices and resources
Influx of diverse workforce may likely infringe on cultural values and resources.
Sub-project activities may affect cultural resources such as trees, shrines, graves etc.
Ensure compliance to native customs. Ensure workers and contractors obey native
customs. Avoid impacts due to project. Protection of boundaries from impacts due to
construction. Relocation in case impacts are unavoidable.
17. Exclusion of local people Non-consideration of local skills.
Considerations should be given (where possible) to local labour.
Certain contracts viz; supply of construction materials e.g. granites, sand, planks etc should be considered for the local people.
18. Road safety and traffic management
Likely closure and detour. Increase in road accident due to construction activities.
Develop and implement a sound traffic management plan.
Liaise with project communities on alternative roads and timing of possible closures and detours.
Install safety signages in appropriate places including the interpretation in local languages.
Deploy dedicated staff for road/traffic monitoring. Install ramp where necessary.
19. Campaign on STIs including HIV/AIDS
Sexual interactions during project may lead to the transmission of STIs including HIV/AIDS in project communities.
Develop and implement a roboust STIs campaign. Embark on sensitization programme targeting
youths and other vulnerable groups such as girls and sexually active women, the commercial sex workers– in collaboration with the National HIV/AIDS Coordination Agency (NACA) on protection and treatment.
20. Overstretching of infrastructure
Workforce migration may exacerbate pressure on available social infrastructure (accommodation, transport etc).
Likely upsurge in the prices of goods and services due to population avalanche.
Give adequate employment consideration to local population.
Where possible contractors to provide means of transportation to workforce.
Operation Phase 1. Encroachment Unmanaged settlement, construction along the RoW. Establish RoW properly and enforce its limits.
2. Interruption of Water Flow along RoW
Concentrated flow left unattended might have severe impact at the downhill alignment of the road.
Cross drain structures, namely pipe culverts, slab culverts, box culverts, need to be maintained. Outlet of these structures would be carrying the concentrated run off flow of the respective catchment, which will be quite high during rainy season, which in turn would require proper planning of drainage systems.
3. Pollution/Vehicular emission
Dust generation from vehicular movement increases air pollution.
Noise pollution likely from vehicular movement.
Enforce speed limit of vehicles. Maintain traffic size movement. Discourage use of horns.
4. Aesthetics Road construction is likely to increase landscape scars along
the road alignment. Such damage cannot be avoided but can be minimized through re-plantation of indigenous species
S/No. Environmental and
Social Issues Potential Impact Codes of Conduct
In addition if the construction spoils are disposed off improperly, the ground vegetation would be destroyed which will be visible from a distance.
and greenery development.
5. Increased traffic and vehicular accident
Better road condition would increase vehicular traffic and the rate of accident due to over-speeding.
Install traffic signs and specify speed limits for appropriate places. Construct speed breakers. Where possible, traffic signs would be interpreted in local languages.