Federal Centre of Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants Global Crop Diversity Trust

American Oat Workers Conference, Fargo 2006

Towards a Global Strategy for the Conservation of Oat Genetic Resources

Federal Centre of Breeding Research on Cultivated PlantsGlobal Crop Diversity Trust

Towards a Global Strategy for the Conservation of Oat Genetic

Resources=

Christoph U.Germeier, Lothar Frese and Brigitte Laliberte,



The situation of worlds genetic resourcesInternational agreements are in place:

Convention on Biological Diversity (1993), Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utili-

zation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (1996), International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and

Agriculture (2004).

None of these provides for a perpetual source of funding

Crop diversity in the field is diminishing, wild relatives of crops are disappearing under cleared forests and

urban sprawl, Even some of the world's largest and most important international

genebanks are facing severe budget cuts.



http://www.croptrust.org

The Global Crop Diversity Trust - Initiator of the Process



Objectives

Activities

The Global Crop Diversity Trust - Initiator of the Process

- aims to match the long term nature of conservation needs with long term secure and sustainable funding as an element of the funding strategy of the International Treaty.

- assist the development of a rational and efficient global system of crop diversity conservation.

(Co-) funding of gene banks and facilities (e.g. Svalbard facilities)

Compilation of 9 regional conservation strategies,

- Compilations of currently 16 Global Crop Conservation Strategies exclusively for “Annex I Crops”.



user relationships

Collection

InstitutionCurator

Elements of a Global Crop Strategy

Structure

Biological Status

Information managementCollection managementFacilitiesProcedures

-Regeneration-Storage- Viability monitoring...

Bilateral cooperation

Multilateral cooperation

Networks

ParticipationData contribution

Information deliveryMaterial distributionUser provenance

User typesUser requirements

Cooperation

Safety duplication



Legal:The Status of Oats / Avena spp.

Agronomic:

- Oat is not within the mandate of one of the CGIAR centers.

- Oat is listed in Annex I of the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

- Oat is a crop typical for and well adapted to the cooler climates (Nordic countries, Canada), but thrives well also in Australia.

- Oat is no bread cereal, but has been a staple food for a long time in Northern Europe.

- Oat is extraordinary in cereals regarding health promoting contents (protein, fat, ß-glucan, minerals, antioxidants, hormone analogs).

- Oat is highly suited for sustainable, extensive production systems.



Short Outline of Developing a Global Conservation Strategy for Oats1. Identify crop experts, collections, curators and users (breeders).2. Literature review on origin and evolution, gene pools, taxonomy and

distribution, centers of diversity, use in breeding and research.3. Questionnaire to update information on oat collections.4. Stakeholders and Strategy Advisory Group Workshop (Fargo).5. Identification of major collections and their importance by analysis of

information from regional conservation strategies, from the survey and by application of indicators for scoring the value of collections.

6. Scoring management procedures of collections according to accepted management standards.

9. Final meeting of genebank curators and stakeholders.

7. Identification of networks, constraints and challenges of collaboration.8. Visit of collections eligible for funding by the trust.

10. Final report and suggestions for the allocation of funds by the trust.



Collections:- FAO (1996): The state of the world's plant genetic resources for food and

agriculture.- FAO WIEWS Database (http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/germplasm.htm)

Relevant Information Available on Distribution and Collections

Distribution: - Global Biodiversity Information Facility (http://www.gbif.org,

http://ge.gbif.net/).

- USDA Genetic Resources Information Network (http://www.ars-grin.gov).- Canadian Genetic Resources Information Network

(http://pgrc3.agr.gc.ca/acc/search-recherche_e.html).

- European Avena Database (http://eadb.bafz.de).- EURISCO (http://eurisco.ecpgr.org/).



Avena Collections throughout the World

INSTITUTION Accessions %

Species

CAN004 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre

27256 24 28

USA120 United States Department of Agriculture 21834 19 16 RUS001 N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry 11857 10 28 KEN051 National Dryland Farming Research Station, Kenya 9000 ? KEN015 National Genebank of Kenya, Crop Plant Genetic

Resources Centre, KARI 3747 ? 11

DEU146 Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research – Genebank

4927 4 22

GBR011 Department of Applied Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park

2598 2 18

GBR016 Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Genetic Resources Unit

111 22 (9)

CHN001 Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (CAAS) 2955 2 BGR001 Institute for Plant Genetic Resources `K.Malkov` 2308 2 18 ISR003 Lieberman Germplasm Bank, Inst. Cereal Crop

Dev., Tel-Aviv Univ. 1844 8

POL003 National Plant Genetic Resources Centre Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute

2274 12

FAO mentions 117 Avena collections, with 113528 accessionsIn Europe: European Avena DB: 26 contributors, 32664 accessions

EURISCO: 24 contributors, 31739 accessions



Coverage of Species in World Key Collections

6n wild ACD total 12108 1704 9568 276 144 53 1500 6n cultivated ACD total 11622 9676 11322 4430 3995 78 300

4n wild AC total (100) 37 15 3 2 36 3 1 A. insularis (2) 1 1 A. magna (92) 35 14 2 2 33 3 - A. murphyi (6) 2 3 1 - 3 - -

2n C genome total (168) 96 29 8 13 - -

Species (*=cultivated) CAN004 RUS001 USA029 GBR011 DEU146 BRA015 ISR003 2n A genome total (1602) 409 244 162 118 169 74 22 A. canariensis (69) 45 7 - - 17 - - A. damascena (20) 3 4 - - 4 - - A. hirtula. (84) 51 10 - 4 4 - 7 * A. nuda L. (123?) 19 - 12 - 8 - -

4n wild AA total (3) 1 1 1 -

4n wild AB total (4195) 2485 182 895 186 89 122 10 * A. abyssinica (843) 254 53 241 134 31 50 -



Pedigrees of Oat Lines: http://avena.agr.gc.ca/OGIS/index_e.php

Elements for an International Oat Information System

GRIN: http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/acc/acc_queries.htmlGRIN-CA: http://pgrc3.agr.gc.ca/acc/search-recherche_e.html

OatGenes: http://avena.agr.gc.ca/oatgenes

GrainGenes: http://wheat.pw.usda.gov

Gelato: http://avena.agr.gc.ca/GELATO/












Genebank information systems (Multi-Crop)

National Inventories

Central PGR data pools (EURISCO, GRIN, GRINCA,..)

Central information services

Addresses(FAOInst)

….Sequences(GenBank)

Taxonomy

Geography(Google Map)G

BIF

Project databases and management and information systems in research and breeding

online upload and download

Web Services layer for communication with multicrop information systems XML

Domain specific Central Crop Databases and Warehouses

Passport C+EPedigrees

Crop Portals (e.g. Avena Portal)

Architecture for an International Oat Information System

Cooperative open source software

development platformCropForge



Thanks for your Attention

Acknowledgements:

Funding by the Global Crop Diversity Trust,Angelika Schäfer-Menuhr, Severin Polreich and Angelika Doelle.Brigitte Laliberte for continuing support.All genebank curators and database managers, who responded to the questionnaire and provided additional information on their collections.

Federal Centre of Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants Global Crop Diversity Trust

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