Fasteners •Any device used to hold 2 or more pieces of material together or in place •Shank – long stem part of a nail/screw
Dec 11, 2015
Fasteners
• Any device used to hold 2 or more pieces of material together or in place
• Shank – long stem part of a nail/screw
Laminate
–Means to fasten 2 or more flat pieces together with an adhesive
Adhesive- Sticky substance such as glue
used to connect material together
Nails
• Fastener which is driven into material it holds
ITEMS TO KNOW:• Use of nail
• Desired length
• Desired diameter
Nail Lengths• Penny – unit of measure used
to designate the length of nails
• *Symbol – “d”
• - The number of English pennies needed to purchase 100 nails of a given size
Size Range
• Common nail – 2d to 60d
• Box nail – 2d to 40d
• Finishing nail – 2d to 20d
• Cut nail – 2d to 20d
• Spike – 16d to 12 inches (aka 1 foot)
–Common nail - general construction
–Cut nail - used for nailing tongue & groove
–Box nail – light household work
Diameter – distance across the center of a circle
Types of Nails
• Finishing Nail – interior finished work
• Shingle Nail – nailing shingles• Roofing Nail – used for rolled
roofing• Plaster Nail – attach plaster to
studs
More Nails…
• Hinge Nail – fasten hinges (duh)• Duplex Nail – electrical work &
concrete• Wire Staple – wire fence
construction• Lead Head Nail – nailing
galvanized steel
Nail Resistance Factors• 1. Shank Diameter• 2. Shank Type• 3. Wood Type/Hardness of Wood• 4. Moisture Content – Drier is Better!• 5. Angle of Nail to Grain of Wood• 6. Location of Nail in Wood – End,
Middle
• Phillips – phillips head (X)
• Allen – 6 sided hole in head
• Gauge – diameter of shank–(2 - 24)
–(6 – 8 - 10 = common)
Toggle Bolt – collapsible winged nut which opens when inserted in a hollow wall
• Machine Bolt – square head with threads on just the last 1” of the shank
• Cap Screw
• Carriage Bolt – round head
• Stove Bolt – round headed bolt
Bolt Pitch
• Bolt Pitch – the number of threads per inch–Determined by:
•Measuring an inch on a bolt and then counting the threads within that inch
•Using a thread gauge
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Thread Classification System
• Threading standards for bolts & nuts are controlled by ANSI
Example:Bolt size (Major Diameter)
Pitch (Threads Per Inch)
Unified Thread Standard
Type of Thread (C = Coarse; F = Fine)
Class of Fit (A = External; B = Internal)
1= Loose & Sloppy, 2 = Normal & Strong,
3 = Close, Tight, & Very Strong
Bolt Length
Screws
• Fastener which has threads that bite into the material it fastens
• Threads – grooves of even shape & taper that wrap around the shank
Classifications of Screws
• Wood
• Cap Screws
• Sheet Metal
• Lag Screws–Could be classified by head shape
• Square head – four equal sides
• Hex head – six sides
• Slotted – standard
• Plow bolt – square tapered head
Nuts
• Device with a thread hole
• Washer – flat device w/ a hole in the center & used as part of a fastener
• TYPES OF NUTS:
• Hex-square-castle-wing-lock
Hardware – term describing material used in ag mechanics
Hinge
Object that pivots & permits a door to swing