Fast Forward Fridays

This power point init 10/04/2011 by Daniel R. Barnes

WARNING: As with all of my power points, this one is sure to have some images and other intellectual content lifted from web pages without the permission of the owners. Please do not copy or distribute this presentation. Its very existence may be illegal.

Friday, 10/7/2011. Chemistry

Focus subject: Ionic compounds (state standards 1d, 1g, 2a, 2c, 2e)

This test prep program is created in coordination with:


Focus subject: Covalent bonding(state standards 1d, 1g, 2a, 2e)



FULL FOCUS

Hawthorne HighSchool of Engineering

Academy Goals

2011-2012

This segment of the presentation was made by Ben Wardrop. Dan Barnes has modified it somewhat . . .

How are We Measured?

• Every school in California earns an Academic Performance Index (API) score.

• This score combines the performance of all students in two categories:

–CST

–CAHSEE• API scores are on a scale of 200-1000

Our Past Performances

Hawthorne HS

Year API Score

2009

2010

2011

Engineering 2011

636

641

637

678

Our Goal for this Year

The School of Engineering has set a goal of:

800

This means we must make a 122 point jump from last year to achieve this goal.

How Do We Get There?

Every FridayAction

Commit 5 focused minutes of each class to test prep questions

BenefitPrepared for next class assessment AND

familiarized with CST topics


CST test days in MayAction

Give each question full attention and effort

Benefit

Passing grade on CAHSEE and improved performance band on CST


Every Day!Action

Respect yourself by always trying your best

Benefit

High individual and school-wide scores

What our Future Looks Like

If everyone in the Academy scores Basic and passes the CAHSEE our API will be:

838!And we can even do better than that!

It’s Test Prep Time!

Why am I wearing my

underwear on the outside of

my pants?

Go Aztecs!

COUGARS!

Hasta la testa, baby!

[derp!]


Focus subject: Covalent bonding (continued)(state standards 1d, 1g, 2a, 2e)




I wonder if Simon

thinks I sing purty . . .

Your answers. Give them

to me.


Focus subject: Q1 Review (state standards 1, 2a, I&E)




Effort undertanding

good grades . . .

To review for the Q1 Benchmark, we need to go back in time a bit to chapter 4 and chapter 6.

Let’s zoom in a bit.

Treasure and Chalcey have a point.

If you see a policeman who looks like he’s

made of mercury, RUN.


Focus subject: Q1 Damage Control(especially state standards 1c, 2a, 2e)




Code one! Code one!

Q6. Which describes the bonding within solid magnesium (Mg)?

A. Atoms of magnesium share two electrons to fill their valence energy level.

B. One atom of magnesium transfers two valence electrons to a neighboring magnesium atom, creating ions.

C. Magnesium atoms form double covalent bonds to empty their valence energy level.

D. The valence electrons of each magnesium atom move between positive ions.

Al3+ Al3+ Al3+ Al3+ Al3+

Al3+ Al3+ Al3+ Al3+Al3+

Al3+ Al3+ Al3+ Al3+ Al3+

Al3+ Al3+ Al3+ Al3+Al3+

Q6. Which describes the bonding within solid magnesium (Mg)?

A. Atoms of magnesium share two electrons to fill their valence energy level.

B. One atom of magnesium transfers two valence electrons to a neighboring magnesium atom, creating ions.

C. Magnesium atoms form double covalent bonds to empty their valence energy level.

D. The valence electrons of each magnesium atom move between positive ions.

Q7. Which correctly describes what happens when zinc (Zn) bonds with chlorine (Cl) to form zinc chloride (ZnCl2)?

A. Zinc shares one electron with each chlorine atom.

B. Zinc donates two electrons, one to each chlorine atom.

C.Each chlorine atom donates one electron to the zinc atom.

D. Zinc gains two electrons from each chlorine atom.

What kind of bond is it when two atoms share electrons?

A covalent bond forms between a nonmetal atom and another nonmetal atom.

Zinc is a metal and chlorine is a nonmetal.

Q9. Chemical bonds provide the forces of attraction that hold molecules together. Sharing electrons forms covalent bonds. Which of the following compounds contains covalent bonds?

A. NaCl

B. NH3

C.Al2S3

D. Li3N

Q11. Which combination would form a compound held together by covalent bonds?

A. AB B. BC

C. CD D. AE

A B C D E

Q13. Ionic bonds result from two atoms

A. sharing electrons

B. exchanging electrons

C. losing electrons

D. gaining electrons

BAD WORD CHOICE

Shame on you, California!The way you wrote your chemistry standards threw ALS off!

“exchange” = “trade”

A MUCH better word would have been . . .

transfering

Q14. Which compound is held together by the sharing of electrons between atoms?

A. MgO

B. CaSO4

C.FeCl3

D. NF3

N and F are both nonmetals. That’s why.

= covalent bonding

nonmetal + nonmetal = covalent bond

Q15. Which compound is held together by ionic bonds?

A. CuO

B. SiO2

C. H2O

D. Cl2

metal + nonmetal = ionic bond

nonmetal + nonmetal = covalent bond

Q22. Where on the periodic table would you find the elements with the largest atomic radii (sizes)?

A. upper left

B. upper right

C. lower left

D. lower right

“Large, loose losers on the lower left.”

Q23. Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove one electron from an atom. Which of the following elements is expected to have the highest ionization energy?

A. sodium (Na)

B. silicon (Si)

C. sulfur (S)

D. argon (Ar)

“Large, loose losers on the lower left.”

“Tight & mighty tinies on the high right.”

Helium has the highest ionization energy of all the elements on the whole periodic table.

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Q24. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s attraction for shared electrons in a chemical bond. Which of the following lists the atoms in order of INCREASING electronegativity?

A. N, O, F

B. S, Cl, Ar

C. Cl, S, P

D. N, P, As

Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of any element.

Noble gases aren’t even given electronegativity ratings because they don’t form bonds.

As you go down a group, electronegativity ratings get lower.

As you from left to right across a horizontal row in the periodic table, electronegativity values get higher.

Q35. The Lewis dot structure for the molecule PCl3 should show how many total valence electrons?

A. 4

B. 26

C. 32

D. 66

P in 5A 5 dots each x 1 atom = 5 dots total from P

Cl in 7A 7 dots each x 3 atoms = 21 dots total from Cl

26 dots total in PCl3

Q36. In the Lewis dot structure for ethene (C2H4), the carbon atoms are connected by sharing

A. one electron

B. one pair of electrons

C. two pairs of electrons

D. three pairs of electrons

C C

H

H

H

H

Q40. How is the Lewis dot structure of PF3 different than the Lewis dot structure for BF3?

A. There is a lone pair of electrons on the central atom in PF3.

B. There is a lone pair of electrons on the central atom in BF3. C. BF3 has more electrons around the central atom than PF3.

D. BF3 has more fluorine atoms around the central atom than PF3.

B

BF3

F F

F

P

PF3

F F

F

3A 7A 5A7A

B

BF3

F F

F

P

PF3

F F

F

3A 7A 5A7A

Q40. How is the Lewis dot structure of PF3 different than the Lewis dot structure for BF3?

A. There is a lone pair of electrons on the central atom in PF3.

B. There is a lone pair of electrons on the central atom in BF3. C. BF3 has more electrons around the central atom than PF3.

D. BF3 has more fluorine atoms around the central atom than PF3.

PF F

F

BF F

F

It’s not a tumor!


Focus subject: Balancing Equations(standard 3a)




Getcher cotton pickin’ hands offa those subscripts!

N = 1

H = 3

O = 2

N = 2

H = 2

O = 1

2

2

6

3

6

Now, the equation is balanced, and the coefficient in front of the NH3 is . . . 2

3

32

3

However, “2” is answer A, and the answer key says the correct answer is C.

N = 1

H = 3

O = 2

N = 2

H = 2

O = 1

2

2

6

3

6

Perhaps the chemistry wizards in the California department of education don’t like using fractions as coefficients.

3

32

3

In this particular equation, it’s okay to use an odd number over two as a coefficient for O2 because O2 is a diatomic element.

However, if you really hate using fractions as coefficients, there is a solution: multiply every coeffcient by two.

4 3 12 6

N = 1

H = 3

O = 2

N = 2

H = 2

O = 1

2

2

6

3

6

Of course, if you double all the coefficients, you also have to double the atom counts.

3

32

3

4 3 12 6

4

12

6

4

12

6

The equation is still balanced, and now, the coefficient in front of NH3 is a “4”.

This is not a good question.

You should never write multiple choice question for which there is more than one correct answer. Maybe that’s why the CA DoE released this CST question.

You can not destroy me.


Focus subject: ?? (standards ??)

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