ENGLISH LANGUAGE II 0
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ENGLISH LANGUAGE II
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Part I. Reading Comprehension
Read the following article quickly. Then do the exercises.
Monster Cities
Many people don’t like big cities. They see the large population of cities
and they are afraid. Many cities are growing very fast. They are
'monster' cities. ( A monster is a big, terrible thing.) in some
countries, there aren't jobs in small towns. People go to cities to
work; 300000 people go to Sao Paulo, Brazil every year. These
cities are megalopolises. A megalopolis is a very large city. But
now there is a new word in English- megacity. A megacity is a
very large city. Mexico city is a megacity with a population of
more than 20,000,000. Tokyo-Yokohama is another megacity, with
almost 30,000,000.
There are problems in all cities. There are problems in a megapolis or a
megacity. In US cities, there are many people with no jobs and no
homes. The air is dirty. There are too many cars. A terrible
problem is crime. Many people are afraid of crime.
Questions:
I. 1. Do many people like to live in big cities?
………………………………………………….
2. What happens when people see the large population of cities?
......................................................................................
3. How many people does Sao Paulo receive every year?
……………………………………………………..
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4. Is air clean in big cities?
.................................................................................
5. Mention the terrible problem in big cities.
………………………………………………………..
II. Put [T] if the statement is true and [F] if it is false.
1- A monster is a small nice thing. [ ]
2- A megacity is a very tiny city. [ ]
3-There are no problems in a mega polis or a megacity. [ ]
4-Tokyo-Yokohama is another megacity, with almost 3000,000. [ ]
5. In US cities, there are many people with jobs and homes. [ ]
Part II. Writing
Rules of Punctuation.
I. Capitalization
1. The first word of a sentence must always begin with a capital
letter.
Example. This university is a large and complex organization.
2. Every word in a person's name must begin with a capital letter
Example. Dr. Ahmed Ali James Smith
3. Initials and some abbreviations
Example. ARAMCO T.S. Eliot
4. All the main words in a place name must begin with a capital
letter.
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Example. Africa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Red Sea, the
Himalayas, Riyadh
5. The name of a language or nationality always begins with a
capital letter.
Example. Arabic, Saudi
6. The first word and the main words I a title begin with a capital
letter.
Example. Arab News, How a Scientist Works
7. The pronoun I is always capitalized.
Example. My friend and I are in Section 2.
8. The names of days and months always begin with a capital
letter.
Example. Saturday, January
9. Always end a sentence with a full stop/period ( .).
Example. A program is a plan of what needs to be done.
10. Always put a question mark ( ?) at the end of a question.
Example. Is Ali happy? When do you get up?
11. Always put a comma ( , ) between items in a list.
Example. Ali tall, dark, handsome and intelligent.
12. Always leave a space between each word.
Example. I catch a bus every day to go to school.
I catch a bus every day to go to school.
Exercises:
1. the series of courses which a student takes is his program.
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………………………………………………………………………….
2. penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.
………………………………………………………………………….
3. Hmed's father is an engineer at safco.
………………………………………………………………………….
4. the black sea lies between russia and turkey.
………………………………………………………………………….
5. Moroccans, Algerians and Omanis all speak Arabic.
………………………………………………………………………….
6. the newspaper we always buy is the Saudi gazette.
………………………………………………………………………….
7. when can i get my new 001 textbooks, please?
………………………………………………………………………….
8. i will leave Saudi Arabia on Thursday, 21 July.
………………………………………………………………………….
9. Ali Saeed is a scientist at king Saud university
………………………………………………………………………….
10. please can you tell me how many absences i have
………………………………………………………………………….
11. My new room is bigger lighter more modern and more comfortable
than my old one
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
12.There is a bank near the main gate of the university
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………………………………………………………………………….
Part III. Grammar
- THE VERB BE
A. AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS:
Form Subject + be + adjective, noun, or phraseSingularPlural
I am Japanese.You are students.
HeShe is in New York.It
We are Japanese.You are students.
They are in New York.
ExpressionsExamples
Be from (place)
Be in (place)
I am from New York.She is from Athens.We are in California now.They are in the library.
Exercise: Use am, is, or are to complete this reading. The first one is
done as an example.
I ----am----- Mariko, and I ------------- an exchange student in San
Diego. This week I ---------------- in New York. I ---------------- on a
trip with people from my school. Today my friends and I
--------------- on a city tour. My friends ----------------- from many
places. Anne ---------------- French. She -------------- from Paris.
Hassen -------------- from Syria, and Carlos and Gabriel
----------------- from Mexico. We ----------------- excited but
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nervous! New York ------------------ very large, and it ----------------
crowded.
Exercise: Use am, is, or are and a nationality to complete these
sentences.
1. Mariko ------is----- from Japan. She ----is Japanese----.2. Carlo -------------- from Mexico. He -------------
--------------------------.3. Mr. Kim and Mr. Park ------------------ from Korea. They
------------- -----------------------.4. Anne and Chantal ---------------- from France. They --------------
----------------------------.5. Hassen ----------------- from France. They ---------------
--------------------------------.6. Benny ----------------- from Indonesia. He ---------------
-------------------------------.7. Gunter and Elisabeth ------------------ from Germany. They
-------------- --------------------.8. Chun ---------------- from Taiwan. She -----------
----------------------------------.9. Carolina and Andre ---------------- from Brazil. They --------------
-------------------------.10.I ---------------- from -----------------------------. I ---------------
-------------------------------.
Exercise: Use the correct form of the verb be and she, he, or they to
complete these sentences.
1. Mariko ----is----- from Japan. ---She---- ---is---- Japanese.2. Elisabeth --------------- from Germany. -------------- ----------------
German.3. Benny ---------------- from Indonesia. --------------- ----------------
Indonesian.4. Carlos and Gabriel are from Mexico. -------------- ---------------
Mexican.5. Anne is from France. ---------------- ---------------- French.
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6. Mr. Park ---------------- from Korea. ---------------- ---------------- Korean.
7. Hassen and Ali ---------------- from Syria. --------------- --------------- Syrian.
8. Chun ---------------- from Taiwan. ---------------- ------------------Taiwanese.
9. Carolina and Andre ------------------ from Brazil. ---------------- -------------- Brazilian.
Part I. Reading Comprehension
2- Read the following article quickly. Then do the exercises.
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(A) My name is Etsuko Sasaki. I'm from Japan, but I live in
California. I 'm a student here in English language classes at a
small college. I live in an apartment building. It's on the corner of
Oliver Street and Sycamore Avenue. There's a big olive tree in
front of the building. There's a park across the street. There are a
lot of Sycamore trees in the park. The trees are beautiful in
summer.
(B) A lot of my neighbors are from different countries. The stores in
this neighborhood are always busy. There's a Korean drugstore and
an American flower shop. There are three restaurants on Olive
Street: one Mexican, one Japanese, and one Moroccan-American! I
like my neighborhood.
Questions:
I. 1-Where is Etsuko from?
………………………………………………………..
2- Does he live in Japan?
………………………………………………………..
3- What does he do?
………………………………………………………..
4- Is there a park across the street?
………………………………………………………..
5- How are the Sycamore trees in summer?
………………………………………………………..
II. Now follow these directions.
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1. Circle the name of a city.
Brazil Indonesia Riyadh Egypt
2. Copy the name of a person.
Mexico________ California__________
The USA______ Etsuko__________
3.Underline the word for a building.
I'm at a restaurant now.
4.Write the name of your country on the line_______.
5. Correct the mistake.
Colombia
III.-Building vocabulary. Fill each blank with a word from the list.
Front- crowded- different- next- building- neighbors
his store is always_________ .There are always lots and lots of people.
There is a school___________ to my house.
My ___________are from Mexico. They're nice people.
There are two big trees_____________of my house.
People in my neighborhood are from__________ countries.
Part II. Writing
Sentence pattern 1.
When we describe a place, we use basic sentence patterns over and over.
We use there is/are in this way.
there is/are + noun phrase + prepositional phrase (optional)
e.g. There is a rose bush in the garden.
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- Complete this chart using sentences from the description.
there is/arenoun phraseadverb or prepositional
phrase
There aremany different kinds
of gardens
there
a Japanese garden, a
desert garden, a rose
garden, an Australian
garden, and many
others
×
in the garden
There are×
red roses, pink roses,
and roses of every
other color
×
in the Japanese garden
There are
always
×
Sentence pattern II
The verb to be is often followed by complements.
e.g. subject + be + complement
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I am from Saudi Arabia.
Sometimes, the complement is a prepositional phrase
A lot of my neighbors are from different countries.
Sometimes, the complement is an adjective (a word that describes the
subject).
e.g. The stores are busy.
The grass is soft and green.
Part III. Grammar
CONTRACTIONS:
SingularPluralLong form
’m fI'm from Spain.
You’You're from Korea.
He's
She's from Brazil.
It's
’rWe're from Spain.
You’You're from Korea.
TheyThey’re from Brazil.
amI I am / We are
You You are/ You are
He's He/she/ it - is
S They are
Exercise: Read this paragraph. Then write it again with contractions.
Example: Hi, I’m Carlos -----
Hi! I am Carlos, And I am from Mexico. I am a student in Chicago, but I am in New York on a tour. My brother Gabriel is here in New York too. He is on vacation. We are very excited about our trip. New York is Wonderful! It is big, crowded, and interesting. Some people on our tour are afraid
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of the city. They are nervous – especially Mariko. She is very nice, but she is always lost and confused. Not Gabriel and me! We are in love with New York!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
- QUESTIONS WITH HOW, WHERE, AND WHO:
FormQuestion word + be + subject
Question Possible Answers
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ow How
Greetings
Age
Where
Hometown or
Country
Location
Who
Identity
How are you?
How old is he?
Where are you
from?
Where are you?
Who is your
roommate?
Fine, thank you.
Twenty-Five
I am from Turkey.
I'm in New York.
My roommate is
Mariko.
Exercise: Write a question for each answer. Use How, Where, and Who
in your questions.
The first one is done s an example.
1. --------How are you?----------------- 4. ----------------------------------------?
I’m fine, thanks, but I’m a little My friend is Chantal.
homesick.
2. --------------------------------------------? 5. -----------------------------------------?
I’m from France. She’s from France,too.
3. --------------------------------------------? 6. ------------------------------------------?
I’m twenty five. She’s at the hotel right
now.
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Part I. Reading Comprehension
Read the following article quickly. Then do the exercises.
Internet Shopping
(A) Twenty years ago very few people used the internet. Only scientists
and people in the government knew about the internet and how to
use it. This is changing very fast. Now almost everyone knows
about the internet, and many people are online(using the internet)
everyday. When people think about the internet, they often think
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about information. But now, more and more, when people think
about the internet, they think about shopping.
(B) Amazon.com was one of the first companies to try to sell products
on the internet. Jeff Bezos started the company. He was a
successful vice-president of a company in New York. One day he
had a vision of the future. He thought the world wide Web is
growing 2000 percent a year. It's going to continue to grow.
Shopping is going to move to the internet. People are going to shop
on line. At the Amazon.com site people can search for a book
about a subject, read what other people think about the books,
order them by credit card and get them in the mail in two days. In a
few years, Amazon.com had 10 million customers and listed (sold)
18 million different items including books, CDs, electronics,
videos and DVDs.
Questions
I. 1. How long ago did few people use the internet?
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
2. Who were the first to use the internet?
…………………………………………………………
3. Mention one of the first companies that tried to sell products on the
internet?
…………………………………………………………
4. What did Jeff Bezos think of the World Wide Web?
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…………………………………………………………
5. At the Amazon.com, what can people search for?
……………………………………………………………
II. Put [T] if the statement is true and [F] if it is false.
1- Thirty years ago, many people used the internet. [ ]
2. Now, not everyone knows about the internet. [ ]
3. Bezos thought the World Wide Web is growing 200 percent a year.[ ]
4. If you order items online, you can get them in two weeks. [ ]
5. Jeff Bezos had a vision about the future. [ ]
III..Circle the correct answer.
1. The title of the article is "Internet Shopping". Another possible title is
……………
a) "Internet games" B) "Shopping on the Internet"
c) "Information and the Internet"
2. Jeff Bezos is …………..
a) Billionaire b) scientist
c) vice-president of a company
3. According to the passage, customers can order items such as………….
a) food and beverages b) cars and stationery
c) books, CDs, electronics, videos and DVDs
III. Vocabulary building
Match the words. Write letters on the lines.
1. ...... future a. television
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2. ...... billion b. flower
3. ...... cancer c. customer
4. ...... garden d. dollars
5. ...... actor e. disease
6. ...... shopping f. predict
Part II. Writing
Sentence pattern 3. The most common pattern in English is:
Subject + verb + object
Subject + verb + object
The car hit the tree
Ali played football
- Write some more examples using this pattern.
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
……………………………………………………
Sentence pattern 4. Some verbs don't take an object. They are complete
with only a subject and a verb.
Subject + verb
The man jumped
The action of the verb doesn't cause something to happen to someone or
something else. Instead there's only an actor and the action. This
kind of verb is called an intransitive verb.
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With intransitive verbs, there is often a prepositional phrase after the verb
that tells us where, when, or how the action happened.
Subject + verb + prepositional phrase
The man jumped in the pool.
- Write some more examples using this pattern.
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………
Part III. Grammar NOUNS:
Singular
Consonant
sound
Vowel soundNotes
I am I am a doctor.
Are you a
student?
Juan is a citizen.
I am an engineer.
Are you an exchange
student?
Juan is an immigrant.
Use a or an with a singular noun.
Use a before a consonant sound.
Use a before a vowel sound.
Plural
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Consonant
sound
Vowel soundNotes
We are doctors.
Are you
students?
They are
citizens.
We are engineers.
Are you exchange
students?
They are immigrants.
Do not use a or an with plural
nouns.
Exercise: Here are names of some occupations. Number them in
alphabetical order.
Then add a or an before each occupation.
---------- ---------- nurse’s aide ---------- ----------
musician
---------- ---------- plumber ---------- ----------
dentist
-----1--- ----an--- airplane pilot ---------- ----------
student
---------- ---------- computer programmer ---------- ----------
engineer
---------- ---------- nurse ---------- ---------- bus
driver
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---------- ---------- carpenter ---------- ----------
secretary
---------- ---------- English teacher ---------- ----------
doctor
---------- ---------- businesswoman ---------- ----------
auto mechanic
- SPELLING RULES FOR NOUNS:
Notes SingularPlural
Most plural nouns end in –s Friend
Student
Teacher
Friends
Students
teachers
Nouns ending with consonant + y
change to
City
Family
Party
Cities
Families
parties
Nouns ending with vowel + y add –
s only
Boy
Key
Play
Boys
Keys
plays
Nouns ending with ch, sh, s, and x add
–es
Church
Dish
Kiss
Box
Churches
Dishes
Kisses
boxes
Nouns ending with consonant + o add Potato Potatoes
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–es Tomato tomatoes
Nouns ending with vowel + o add –s
only
Radio
Zoo
Radios
zoos
Nouns ending with f or fe change to –
ves
Shelf
Wife
Shelves
wives
Some irregular nouns Person
Child
Man
Woman
Foot
Goose
Mouse
People
Children
Men
Women
Feet
Geese
mice
Exercise: Write the plural of these nouns.
Example: child ----------children---------- dish --------
dishes------------
1. man ----------------------- 6. potato -----------------------
2. woman ----------------------- 7. toy -----------------------
3. baby ----------------------- 8. farm -----------------------
4. boy ----------------------- 9. city -----------------------
5. church ----------------------- 10. wife -----------------------
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Exercise: Use plural nouns to complete the reading.
Our ----farms----- (farm) are busy --------------------- place).
There are many
-------------------- (animal) to take care of. We have ------------------- (cow),
-------------------- (horse), ------------------------ (chicken),
----------------------- (duck), and ----------------------- (goose). Our
----------------------- (child) have many ----------------------- (pet):
---------------------- (dog), -------------------------- (cat), and even
------------------------ (mouse)!Both our ----------------- (wife) have
big ------------------------ (garden) too. There are -----------------------
(flower) and ----------------------------- (vegetable) to take care
of. Right now we have ------------------------ (carrot),
-------------------------- (onion), ------------------------- (tomato), and
------------------------- (potato). There are many, many
--------------------------- (thing) to do. Our ---------------------------
(family) are always busy on the farm.
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Part I. Reading Comprehension
Read the following passage and then answer the questions below.
Our Family Reunion
A) These are pictures of my family. We don’t live together. We live in
different cities, but we often talk to each other on the phone. Every
summer all the relatives come together for a week. This is our family
reunion.
B) In our family, people come to the reunion from Massachusetts, New
Mexico, British Columbia, and Louisiana. One of my cousins flies to
the United States from Ireland! We usually meet in a small town in
Pennsylvania. My great grandparents lived in this town.
C) At the reunion, we have a picnic one day at a beautiful lake. We play
baseball, swim, and eat a lot. We play volleyball too. The women and
girls are on one team, and the men and boys are on the other. One
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night we always have a big barbecue. We sit around a fire, tell stories,
and eat a lot. On the last night, we have a dinner dance at a nice hotel.
D) We don't only eat. We visit with each other all week. We talk about
problems. We plan weddings and cry about divorces. Sometimes we
argue. All bring their new babies, new wives and husbands.
E) It's good to have a big family. But at the end of the week, I'm always
very tired! I'm happy to be alone.
Questions:
I. 1. What happens every summer?
…………………………………………………………
2. Where do the people of the family usually meet?
…………………………………………………………..
3. What do they do on the last night?
…………………………………………………………
4. Is it good to have a big family?
…………………………………………………………
5. What do they all bring?
………………………………………………………….
II. Circle the letters of the answers.
1. How often do the people have a reunion?
a) each month b) every year c) every five years
2. How long is the reunion?
a) one week b) two weeks c) one year
3. What's most important about a family reunion?
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a) It's a chance to eat a lot. b) It brings distant family members
together. c) All bring their new wives.
4. How does the writer feel at the end of the week?
a) unhappy b) happy c) tired
III. Vocabulary building:
1. Match the words from column (A) with their equivalents from
column (B).
A B
1. the internet a. the number of people in a square mile
2. density b. fixing up a house
3. monster c. the web
4. garage d. no space
5. crowded e. like real but on a computer
6. home improvement f. a terrible thing
7. virtual g. a place to keep cars.
Part II. Writing
- A paragraph is a group of sentences. The sentences are about
the same idea. A paragraph always begins with an indented
space. Read this paragraph and complete the chart.
Indented space – I am a student. I live in Los Angeles. My
favorite place is near there. The name of the place is the
Huntington Library and gardens. The library is a beautiful white
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building. In spring the gardens are full of flowers. There are many
visitors there.
SubjectbeComplement
I am a student
isnear there
The name of the place
A beautiful white building
In spring the gardens
Writing practice
Write a paragraph about yourself.
……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
Part III. Grammar
- NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
FormSubject + be + not
Long formContractionContraction
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I am not late.I’m not late. (no contraction)
You are not late.You ‘re not late.You aren’t late.
He
She
It
is not late.
He’s
She’s
It’s
not late
He
She
It
isn’t late.
We
You
The
are not late.
We’re
You’re
They’re
not late.
We
You
They
aren’t late.
- POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES:
Singular
I am Natalie.
You are Nancy.
He is Hau.
She is Mei.
It is Lukas (the dog).
My name is Natalie.
Your name is Nancy.
His name is Hau.
Her name is Mei.
Its name is Lukas (the dog).
Plural
We are Ali and Mohammed.
You are Isabelle and Pierre.
They are Daniel and Ben.
Our names are Ali and
Mohammed.
Your names are Isabelle and
Pierre.
Their names are Daniel and
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Ben.
Exercise: Circle the correct form.
1. (I / My) name is Natalie.2. (I / My) am from Switzerland.3. (We / Our) hometown is Bern.4. (We / Our) are from France.5. (I / My) family is in Italy now.6. What is (you / your) name?7. How old are (you / your)?8. (He / His) name is Gary.9. (She / Her) is Nancy.10.(They / Their) dog is Lukas.11.(It / Its) name is Lukas.12.(It / Its) is seven years old.
- THERE IS / THERE ARE – AFFIRMATIVE AND
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS:
Affirmative Statements
FormThere + be + subject
Long FormContraction
With a singular nounThere is a museum downtown.
There’s a museum downtown.
With plural nounsThere are many banks downtown.
There’re many banks downtown.
FormThere + be + not + subject
Long FormContraction
With a singular noun
There is not a post office nearby.
There isn’t a post office nearby.
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With plural nounsThere are not many stores
downtown.
There aren’t many stores
downtown.
- Negative Statements
Exercise: Use isn’t or aren’t to complete these sentences.
1. There ------isn’t-------- a wharf in Houston.2. There ---------------------- many large parks.3. There ---------------------- many rivers.4. There ---------------------- mountains nearby.5. There ---------------------- many hills in Houston.6. There ---------------------- cable cars.7. There ---------------------- a subway.8. There ---------------------- snow in Houston.
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
- AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
FormSubject + be + verb + -ing
Long formContractionNotes
I am looking. I’m looking.The present continuous tense
tells about actions in
progress now.
Common time expressions with this tense are now or right now.
You are looking. You’re looking.
is looking.
’s
’s looking.
You
They
are looking.
We’re
You’re
They’re
looking.
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Exercise: Use the present continuous to complete these sentences.
1. Mike -------is buying------- (buying) gifts.2. The little boys ---------------------------------------- (playing).3. The little girl and her mother --------------------------------------
(taking) a walk.4. They ---------------------------------------- (looking) at toys.5. The teenage girls ------------------------------------- (shopping) for
new clothes.6. The woman -------------------------------------- (going) home.7. The teenage boy -------------------------------- (listening) to music.8. The old man ---------------------------------- (reading) the newspaper.
- YES / NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
Form for questionsBe + subject + verb + ing
Form for short answers
Yes + subject + verb
No + subject + verb + not
QuestionsPossible Answers
Are you looking?
Affirmative
Yes, I am.
Negative
No, I’m not.
He
Is she
looking?
It
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
No, he isn’t / he’s not.
No, she isn’t / she’s
not.
No, it isn’t / it’s not.
Are we looking?
Are you looking?
Are they looking?
Yes, we are.
Yes, you are.
Yes, they are.
No, we aren’t / we’re
not.
No, you aren’t /
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you’re not.
No, they aren’t / they’re not.
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Part I. Reading Comprehension
Read the following passage and then answer the questions below.
Sleep and Health
A) One of the easiest and cheapest ways to help your health is just to
sleep eight hours or more every night, but more and more people in
the world are not sleeping enough. According to The World Health
organization, over half the people in the word may be sleep-deprived.
The result of this is not just a lot of tired people, in the United States
alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 car crashes and 1500
deaths a year. Problems with sleep can also cause mental problems, as
well as medical problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes,
thyroid problems, and heart problems.
B) "Anything that slows down work is a waste," said Thomas Edison, the
inventor of the light bulb. After the invention of the light bulb, he
predicted that work days could be increased to 24 hours a day.
American culture values work and often doesn't value sleep, in fact,
people who sleep a lot are often called "lazy". Many famous business
and political leaders say proudly, "I only have time to sleep four or
five hours a night." Students, especially college students often sleep
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only a few hours a night. They often say, "I'm used to sleeping only a
little."
Questions:
I.
1. What is the easiest and cheapest way to help your health?
……………………………………………………….
2. What can problems with sleep cause?
………………………………………………………
3. Who is Thomas Edison?
……………………………………………………….
4. How often do college students sleep?
………………………………………………………
5. How many hours do business and political leaders sleep a night?
……………………………………………………….
II. Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Circle the letter to
complete the sentence.
1. People who are sleep-deprived are always tired, often get angry
easily, and don't do as well as other people on tests.
Sleep-deprived most likely means ………..
a. having a lot of sleep b. getting angry asily
b. not having enough sleep.
2. He fell asleep and died in a terrible crash.
Crash most likely means………
a. a long trip b. a accident c. a small problem
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3. George liked mental work, but not physical work. He liked to do
math problems, but he hated to work in the garden.
Mental most likely means…………
a. in your mind b. with your body
c. paying a lot of money
III. Put [T] if the statement is true and [F] if it is false.
1. According to The World Health organization, less than one half the
people in the word may be sleep-deprived.
[ ]
2. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 1500 car
crashes and 100,000 deaths a year. [ ]
3. Sleeping eight hours or more every night can help your health.
[ ]
4. Thomas Edison is the inventor of TV. [ ]
5. Thomas Edison predicted that work days could be decreased to 6 hours
a day. [ ]
Part II. Writing
Using the Simple Present Tense
1-Read this letter to a pen pal.(Pen pals are persons who write to
each other but never have met.)The letter is from a real student
from Los Angeles.
Dear pen pal,
34
My name is Laila Bel-Gassim. I'm 20 years old. I live in Los
Angeles, California. I live with my friends from Algeria. I work in a
clothing factory, decorating clothes. For example, I sew jewelry on
fancy dresses. Sometimes, movie stars wear them.
I like to read, and I enjoy ice skating. In Los Angeles, you
have to go ice skating at indoor skatin rinks, because it never gets cold
enough outside for ice. It's fun to go ice skating when it's 90 degrees
outside.
My favorite TV programs are the National Geographic
specials. I like them because I am very interested in foreign countries.
I would like to travel to China and Australia some day.
Sincerely Yours,
Laila Bel-Gassim
- Write three interesting things about Laila.
Example
Laila is from Algeria.
1-___________________________________________
2-___________________________________________
3-___________________________________________
-Practicing the Writing Process
-Write information about yourself in the blanks. Use Laila 's
letter to help you.
1- My name is________________________________.
2-I am ___________________years old.
35
3-I live______________________________________.
4-On weekends I like to _______________________.
5-I like_____________(reading, watching movies, etc.
6- __________________________________________.
7-___________________________________________.
8-___________________________________________.
Part III. Grammar
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
A. THE VERB HAVE – Affirmative Statements
FormSubject + haveSubject + has
I
You
We
They
have a house.
He
She
It
has a house.
Exercise: Use have or has to complete these sentences.
1. I’m Rose Somma. There are ten people in my family. I
------------------- a mother, a father, and seven sisters and brothers. I
also ----------------------- many cousins. My oldest cousin is married.
She ----------------------- a daughter and a baby boy.
2. I’m Steve Mason. Loretta and I ---------------------- a small family. I
------------------- three sisters and brothers. We all
---------------------- children.
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B. THE VERB DO – AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
FormSubject + doSubject + does
I
You
We
They
have a house.
He
She
It
does lot of work.
Expressions
do dishes
do housework
do homework
do laundry
do + verb + -ing
do cleaning
do gardening
do shopping
Exercise: Use do or does to complete this reading.
We have a lot of housework in the Somma family. We all ----do-----
chores in our house. My mother --------------------- the grocery
shopping. She also ----------------- the laundry, but my older sisters
------------------- the ironing. My younger sisters ------------------ the
vacuuming. I --------------------- the dishes every morning, and
my brother --------------------- the dishes every night. My father
------------------- most of the cooking. He also -------------------- the
gardening. We all --------------------- housework every day.
Part I. Reading Comprehension
37
Read the following passage and then answer the questions below.
Volunteers
A) some people go to work each day and then come home. They spend
time with their family and friends. Maybe they watch TV or go to a
movie. Sometimes they exercise or read. This is their life. But for
other people this isn't enough. They look around their neighborhoods
and see people with terrible hardships: Sickness, loneliness, and
homelessness. Other people see problems with the environment.
Many people want to help. They volunteer. They give some of their
time to help others.
B) Volunteers help in many ways. Some visit sick and lonely people.
Some give their friendship to children without parents. Some build
houses for homeless people. Others sit and hold babies with AIDS.
C) Andy Lipkis was at summer camp when he planted his first tree. He
began to think about the environment. In many countries people were
cutting down trees. Andy Lipkis worried about this. In 1974, he
started a group, Tree People, to plant trees: Pine, elm, cypress, and
eucalyptus. Today, there are thousands of members of tree people, and
more join every day. They plant millions of trees everywhere.
Questions:
1. How do some people spend their time?
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
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2. Mention some of the terrible hardships.
……………………………………………………………………
3. What are the ways by which volunteers can help?
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
4. Why did Andy worry?
……………………………………………………………………
5. What do thousands of members of Tree People do today?
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
- Vocabulary building
Some words end in – less. The ending – less means "without."
Example
This gum doesn't have sugar. It is sugarless.
- Write a word for each definition (meaning)
1. She doesn't have a home . she is ……………
2. He doesn't have a job. He is ……………
3. They don't have hope. They are ……………
4. He doesn't have a friend. He is……………
5. She didn't get any sleep last night. It was a …………… night.
6. He doesn't have a heart. (He doesn't care about people.). he is
……………
- We use suffixes – word endings – a lot in English. For example, we
take the noun sleep and add the suffix- less (without). The new
39
word- sleepless is an adjective that means "without sleep." Then
we can turn sleepless into another noun by adding the suffix- ness.
The new word- sleeplessness- means "the condition of not having
any sleep. Here are some common examples.
1. home homeless homelessness
2. hope hopeless hopelessness
3. power powerless powerlessness
- Write the correct form of No's 1,2, and 3 on the following lines
1. John lost his home. …………… is a big problem in this city, and he
felt very unhappy because he was ……………
2. When people become homeless they often lose …………… for the
future. They begin to feel …………… …………… is a big problem
for people living in the streets.
3. A person with no money has no ……………. This …………… can
cause depression and sadness. A homeless person is always a
…………… person.
- Cross out the word that doesn't belong in each group.
1. Beautiful sunny meet lazy
2. Barbecue diabetes cancer disease
3. Spend waste save argue
4. Happy homeless sick lonely
5. Theory idea smell pattern
6. ova believe marry think
7. Dream sleep recurring food.
40
- Grammar
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE OF OTHER VERBS –
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
FormSubject + verb
Subject + verb + -sNotes
I
You
We
They
work a lot.
He
She
It
works a
lot.
The simple present tense is used to talk about facts, opinions, and habits or schedules. Time expressions with this tense include every day, every week, always, and sometimes.
Exercise: Use the verb at the beginning of each paragraph to
complete the reading.
work (s)
Joe Somma is 19 years old. He ----works----- at a grocery store. He
---------------------- 40 hours a week. His younger brothers
------------------------- at a car wash. They ---------------------- part-
time ten hours a week. Joe’s father ------------------------ at a gas
41
station, and his mother ---------------------- at a department
store. They all ----------------------- very hard.
love (s)
Grandpa Somma is 80 years old. He ----loves---- his family. Every
afternoon he ----------------to visit his grandchildren. They
---------------------- grandpa Somma. He -------------------- to tell
stories. They ------------------------ to hear stories.
eat (s)
Pepper is the Sommas’ dog. She likes food. She -------------------- a
lot. Every morning, the children -------------------- breakfast in the
kitchen. The dog ----------------------- breakfast outside. After
school, the boys ------------------------ a snack. Pepper
-------------------- with them.
English for Communicative Purposes
1. Greeting:
a) Good morning.
b) Good afternoon.
c) Good evening.
d) Good night.
2. Introducing People:
- This is Mr. / Mrs. ......
Reply: How do you do? - Nice to see you - Pleased to meet you.
42
3. Meeting People:
a) How are you?
Reply: Fine, nice, tired, bored .........etc.
b) Nice (Happy / Glad) to see (meet) you.
Reply: The same reply OR, me too.
c) How do you do?
Reply: How do you do?
N.B: “How do you do?” may be replaced by
“Nice to see (meet) you, Mr. / Mrs. ........”
4. Offer:
a) Can / May I help you?
b) Can / May I do something for you?
c) Shall I open the window for you?
Reply:
- Yes, please. - That’s kind of you. (Agree)
- No, thanks. I can manage. (Disagree)
5. Request:
a) Can you help me, please?
b) Could / Will you open the window for me, please?
c) May I use your pen?
d) I’d like to try Chinese tea.
Reply:
- With pleasure (Agree)
43
- I’m sorry. I can’t. (Disagree)
6. Suggestion:
a) What / How about going to the zoo?
b) Let’s go to the pyramids.
c) Why don’t you have a nice time?
Reply:
- That would be nice (wonderful, fantastic, etc.) (Approval)
- No, thanks. I am not for the idea. It’s boring (tiring,
disappointing, etc.) (Disapproval)
7. Speaking on the Phone:
a) Hello, is this Mr. .......?
b) I’d like to speak to Mr. ..........
c) May / Could I speak to Mr. ...........
Reply:
- Yes, surely - Hold on a moment - Wrong number.
8. Thanking:
Thanks - Thank you
Reply:
- Not at all - It’s nothing - Don’t mention it - It is a pleasure.
9. Apologizing:
a) I’m sorry (afraid)
b) Pardon me.
c) I beg your pardon.
d) Forgive me.
44
e) Excuse my liberty.
Reply:
Don’t worry - It’s all right.
10. Warning:
a) Mind you, don’t get burnt.
b) Be careful or you will get hurt.
c) If you make noise, I’ll dismiss you.
d) Listen carefully or go out.
11. Expressing Opinion:
a) I think (that) he is a good man.
b) In my opinion (viewpoint) it is not a problem.
12. Wishing:
a) I wish you a happy life.
b) I hope he would succeed.
c) Have a nice time.
d) May God fulfill your wishes.
13. Congratulation:
a) My congratulations
b) I congratulate you on winning the prize.
c) Happy New Year (Birthday, etc.)
14. Advising:
a) You should listen very carefully to your teacher.
b) You ought to exert much effort.
c) You had better stay at home.
45
d) I advise you to work hard.
e) Don’t forget your ticket.
15. Prohibition:
a) You mustn’t leave the place.
b) You can’t do that.
c) No Parking (Smoking / Camping, etc)
d) You aren’t allowed to park here.
16. Certainty:
a) Certainly (surely / of course)
b) It must be a bird.
17. Uncertainty / Doubt:
a) Perhaps. I am not sure - It all depends.
b) It may (might) be a bird.
18. Agreeing:
a) I agree with you. b) Yes, please.
c) It’s ok.
19. Disagreeing:
a) I don’t agree with you.
b) No, I don’t think so.
c) It is not O.K.
20. Feeling of Satisfaction:
a) It’s kind (nice, etc) of you.
b) How thoughtful of you.
46
21. Obligation:
a) You must do your homework.
b) You have to come on time.
22. Intention:
a) I intend to leave for London.
b) I will travel next Sunday.
c) I’m going to buy a new car.
23. Presenting Things:
a) Here you are.
b) Here is your pen.
24. Expressing Supposition:
a) Suppose you were the king, what would you do?
b) If you were a millionaire, how would you live?
25. Asking for Permission:
a) Let us go out.
b) Allow us to have a break.
c) May / Can / Would I have a look at your album?
26. Encouragement:
- Well done - Wonderful - Great - Very good - Excellent, etc.
27. Surprise:
- What a surprise! - Impossible! - Unbelievable!
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28. Approval:
a) That sounds nice.
b) It is a wonderful idea.
c) They look charming.
d) It is very delightful.
29. Disapproval:
a) It’s a foolish idea.
b) It’s annoying (disappointing, frustrating, etc.)
c) It’s no good.
30. Persuading:
a) Come on. It’s really wonderful.
b) Won’t you have a nice time?
c) Wouldn’t you like to meet your old friends?
Contractions
- Comparing long forms and contractions. Listen to the
following sentences from your teacher. They contain
contractions. Repeat them after the teacher.
Long form contraction
1. How is it going? How's it going?
2. I am fine. I'm fine.
3. How are you? How're you?
4. Seoul is the capital. Seoul's the capital.
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5. It is a really big city It's a really big city.
6. That is a lot of people! That's a lot of people!
References
1.Interactions Access. Reading and Writing (4th Middle East Edition) by
Pamela Hartman & James Mentel.
2. Interactions Access. Grammar (4th Edition) by Patricia K. Werner,
John P. Nelson & Marilynn Spaventa.
3. Interactions Access. Listening and Speaking (4th Middle East Edition)
by Emily Austin Thrush, Laurie Blass & Robert Baldwin.
4. Practising Academic Writing by Patrick Miller.
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