Exchange Orientation Fall 2015

7/23/2019 Exchange Orientation Fall 2015

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Welcome to Ivey!Ivey Incoming ExchangeSeptember 2015

Ivey Incoming Exchange September 2015



Agenda


Time Activity Facilitator Location

8:30 – 10:00 Welcome & Important Information Meagan Seale, HBAA Exchange Coordinators

Room 1310

10:00 – 10:45 Program Director Presentation Mary Gillett Room 1310

10:45 – 11:00 Morning Break

11:00 – 12:20 Case Class Professor Adam Fremeth Room 1310

12:20 – 1:00 Lunch Break

1:00 – 1:30 Program Services Director Presentation Aindrea Cramp Room 1310

1:30 – 2:30 Introduction to Canadian Business Professor Mike Moffatt Room 1310

2:30 – 2:45 Questions & Wrap Up Meagan Seale Room 1310

2:45 – 3:30 Campus Tour - Casebook Pickup/Student Central/UCC Exchange Coordinators Various

3:30-4:00 Afternoon Break

4:00 Orientation Event Exchange Coordinators Meet at Ivey



ICEBREAKER!!

Unique & Common




Important Contacts

• Meagan Seale, HBA2 & Exchange Coordinator• [email protected] • 519-661-3218

• HBAA Exchange Coordinators• Kayla Duncan– [email protected]

• Meran Glass – [email protected] • Emily Lonetto – [email protected]

• HBA Office• Open Monday-Friday from 8:30am-4:30pm• 519-661-4111• HBA Program Services Office is located on the second floor, up the main

stairwell


mailto:[email protected]










Canadian Culture

• Individuality• Work towards personal goals

• Make decisions for self

• Become self-suff icient• WHAT DOES THIS MEAN TO YOU?

• Authority• Student-teacher relationship less formal

• Use of given name




Canadian Culture

• Time & Attendance

• Punctuality is important – will receive gradepenalty if late

• Can not be absent from class – attendance isrequired (more on this later)




Class Contribution

• Large part of your grade (some 40%)

• What do you think we mean by“contribution”?

• How many of you are graded on this athome?

• Meaningful participation

• Case preparation ideas




Cultural Adjustment

• Some strategies to help

• Keep an open mind

• Manage your time

• Participate in school events and activities

• Establish a routine

• Keep some contact with home – minimal,

focus on the NOW!




Toolkit for a low-stress semester

• Find something that you enjoy. What sortsof events / activities / sports / clubs areyou looking forward to?

• Eat healthy! Lots of options on campus(Ivey Eatery & UCC closest)





• Practice mindfullness – be in the moment,take 10 seconds out to have a mini“break”. Any ideas or suggestions on how

you can de-stress?

• Get lots of rest and plan your schedule

accordingly. Add in some time for FUN!





• Mandatory meeting with Meagan todiscuss your first few weeks at Ivey

• Beginning September 23

• Schedule meeting the same was as Add/Dropappointments

• Link available in eZone




Resources

• POSTCARD!

• Feeling homesick?• Housemates/roommates/classmates

• HBA Program Office• International & Exchange Student Centre (IESC)

• International & Graduate Affairs Building, 2nd floor

• iWellness• http://iwellness.uwo.ca/

• International Students and Wellness


http://iwellness.uwo.ca/

http://iwellness.uwo.ca/



Academic Issues

• Plagiarism• “Use of another person’s work without acknowledging that the

work is not yours.”

• Attendance

• Mandatory• Miss more that 25% of classes? Not acceptable. Will not be

permitted to write exam.• If unable to make class, email faculty member and copy

[email protected]

**Take the time to read your course outlines**






Student Number & Access Code

• Needed for access to:

• Ivey building

• Study rooms in the Ivey building

• Western Student Recreation Centre




HBA Term Fees

• Fees were due August 14, 2015• Total: $453.38

• Bus pass - $217.88

• UHIP - $204.00 (per term)• Western One card - $27.00

**All fee related questions are to be directed to theRegistrar’s Office (www.registrar.uwo.ca)**




HBA Course Material Fees

• Fees are due December 1, 2015

• More information will follow to [email protected] email address in mid-November

• Comprised of casebooks and otherclassroom expenses

• Approximately $500 per term




UHIP

• UHIP is MANDATORY• You are automatically enrolled in UHIP for the duration in

which you are attending Western.• Fee will appear on fees bill in your Western Student Centre

account.

• After arriving at Western (and having paid your fees), you willreceive an email to your @uwo.ca email account directing youto a website to download at print your UHIP card.

• For information about UHIP and preferred health careproviders, please visit

• http://iesc.uwo.ca/current/health_care_in_canada/uhip/index.html


http://iesc.uwo.ca/current/health_care_in_canada/uhip/index.html

http://iesc.uwo.ca/current/health_care_in_canada/uhip/index.html



UHIP – What is Covered

• UHIP covers medical and hospital expenses suchas: physicians’ services, diagnosis & treatment ofillnesses, surgery, x-rays, hospital services, andemergency dental care in a hospital.

• Services that are not covered by the plan include:charges for dental care not approved by the plan,eyeglasses, and prescription medication.

• For details about what is included in the coverage,please visit: http://uhip.ca/index.htm


http://uhip.ca/index.htm

http://uhip.ca/index.htm



Nametag & Nameplate

• Nametag• Business functions• Case competitions• Replacement fee: $10.00

• Nameplate• Take it with you to class• Don’t leave it at home or at school!• Replacement fee: $10.00




I.T. and eZone

• I.T. Department• Second floor, outside room 2110

• https://support.ivey.ca/home

• eZone• Update your bio

• Add local address (London, ON)

• Complete before Monday September 14th

!


https://support.ivey.ca/home

https://support.ivey.ca/home



Welcome to the

Ivey Family

Faculty Director, HBA ProgramMary Gillett




Leadership Essentials




Morning Break –

back for 11:00am




Grupo Dulces Suenos

Adam Fremeth

Professor of Business, Economics, and Public PolicySeptember 11, 2015



Timeline

February 2010 Early 2011 April 2011 May 2011 December 2012 July 2013

Letter fromLAWTI toChocolatecompanies to

take actionbefore ‘bubblebursts’

Elsie joinsGDS

“Take ActionNow”Bulletin #19on 2/$10

pricing

“Take ActionNow”Bulletin #20requesting a

meeting. ElsieapproachesScudero

Allcompaniesincreaseprices

ElsiemeetswithLiendo



Competition Law

Mexico - Federal Law of Economic CompetitionEnforced by Federal Competition Commission

Canada – Competition Act Enforced by Competition Bureau

USA – Sherman Act of 1890 Enforced by Department of Justice

How do these agencies uncover illegal activity?

Illegal Activities:

1. Price Maintenance – Supplier Prevents customerfrom selling below a minimum price by way of

threat, promise or agreement.

2. Price Fixing – Agreements between multiplepersons to prevent or unduly less competition or

to unreasonably enhance the price of a product.





What Happened?• This is actually a Canadian case, involving all major

chocolate manufacturers.

GDS is

Daniel Scudero is actually David Sculthorpe, CEO of Cadbury

Carmelo is

Roberto Liendo is actually Robert Leonidas, President of Nestle

LAWTI is

Gustavo Silva is actually Glenn Stevens, CEO of ITWAL

Hilario is

Pluton is



What Happened? (ii)• CEO of Cadbury (or GDS) moved first and blew

the whistle and received criminal immunity fromthe Canadian Competition Bureau.

– Hershey (or Hilario) cooperated second and had toplead guilty and pay a $4 million fine.

• Two executives at Nestle, including RobertLeonidas (Liendo), were criminally charged and

face maximum penalties of $10 million and/orfive years in prison.

– CEO of ITWAL also facing similar charges.

K L i P i t



Key Learning Points• When managing you have a responsibility for more than

yourself.

• The choice to bend or break the rules could beappealing.

• This is made more difficult when you have knowledge

that others inside and/or outside your organization havemade such a choice.

• Following others may be easy but not always best onceconsidered against an objective criteria.

• Mechanisms for blowing the whistle will become moreprominent and need to be considered when appropriate.

Tips for the Case Method Approach



Tips for the Case Method Approach• Assignment questions help you prepare but all cases involve

decisions

• Decision making involves:1. Issue identification2. Defining Alternatives3. Specifying Criteria4. Analysis of alternatives against criteria5. Make a decision – consider action plan

• What is “good” contribution? – Clearly articulated insights/questions that enhance learning –

No “right” or “wrong” decisions but there are “better” and “poorer”arguments – Putting “poor arguments” or impossible solutions “on the table”

can be very valuable contributions – Bad answer – “I haven’t thought about it”



TIMELINE



TIMELINE February 21, 2010

• LAWTI letter to chocolate manufacturers about the ‘out-of-control’ trade spend practices - needto take action before the chocolate bar ‘bubble bursts’

Early 2011

• Elsie Maya joins GDS as VP Marketing after 8 years at Hilario.

• Daniel Scudero also joins as CEO about this time.

April 25 2011

• LAWTI “Take Action Now” Bulletin #19 on 2/$10 pricing

May 2 2011

• LAWTI “Take Action Now” Bulletin #20 calling for a meeting on pricing issues.

• Maya approaches Scudero - he will handle LAWTI

December 2012

• All major chocolate manufacturers implement a double-digit price increase.

July 2013

• Elsie meets with Roberto Liendo, receives Caramelo memo, then calls Scudero



Lunch Break –

back for 1:00pm




HBA Program Services

Director, HBA Program Services

Aindrea Cramp




HBA Program Services

• Support of Students• Advisor to academic and personal concerns that ensure a

positive learning experience for all of our students• Direct channel to internal and external resources that assist

students in academic, financial, medical, and other personal oracademic needs

• Appointments can be made with any of the contact people

• Liaison to student leadership and their integration with HBA

Upholding confidentiality, academic accountability and integrity at all times




Communication to You

• Methods by which we communicate to you• m.ivey.ca

• Important that we have local contact information• phone number and address by which we can reach

you in an emergency• Academic Information• Course Information• Follow-ups if you have made appointments with

our office




Expectations

• Attendance and Punctuality

• Reporting Absences – Faculty [email protected]

• Exam Policies and Medical Documentation




Faces to Know in HBA Program Services


Brett WiepjesHBA1 & Exam Coordinator

Meagan SealeHBA2 & Exchange Coordinator

Aindrea Cramp

Director, HBA Program Services

Mindy Studnicka

Academic Counsellor

Nadia Kirkland

HBA Program Assistant



myHBA (Peer to Peer Support)

• myhba.com

• Health and Wellness

• If you need support for anything, someoneto chat with, someone to listen, they arehere to assist




Other Campus Services

• Student Development Centre• Additional Counselling, Learning Skills, SSD Services

• Student Medical Services (UCC Lower Level)• Office of The Ombudsperson (Student Services Building)

• Issues of fairness and equality

In an emergency, from an on-campus phone please dial 911 &from a mobile phone dial 519-661-3300. Always alert a facultymember, staff member, or program office staff to the emergency.




Other Advice

• Get the most out of your short time here!• Take time to get used to Ivey’s environment –

find your unique style and work schedule• Immerse yourself with all of your classmates• Do something that takes you out of your

comfort zone• Never be afraid to ask questions or seek help

• Keep Balanced and Focused




Structure of the CanadianEconomy

Mike P. Moffatt

September 2015



Structure of the CanadianEconomy

Mike P. Moffatt

September 2015



© Copyright 2012

About Me

Teach:

•Global Macroeconomics for Managers &Business, Government and Globalization (HBA)

•Economics (MBA)Writer:

•Rogers Media Inc. (Canadian Business,

Maclean’s Magazine)

Non-partisan policy advisor for a number ofpoliticians.



© Copyright 2012

About Me

Teach:

•Business, Government and Globalization (HBA)

•Economics (MBA)

Writer:

•Rogers Media Inc. (Canadian Business,Maclean’s Magazine)

Non-partisan policy advisor for a number ofpoliticians. (Most recent Econ Advisor to J.Trudeau)



© Copyright 2012

Purpose of Presentation

Canada’s economy much different in structurethan either the United States or the EU.

Misunderstanding how the Canadian economyworks could lead to some very bad business

decisions.



© Copyright 2012

Six Discussion Points

1. Basic Stats on the Canadian Economy

2. Inequality and Taxation

3. Death of Manufacturing Jobs

4. Canadian-US Exchange Rate

5. Productivity and Output

6. Media Resources



1. Basic Stats on the

Canadian Economy

S f C



© Copyright 2012

Size of the Canadian Economy

Canadian Economy roughly 15th largest in the world (depending on howmeasured/when measurement took place).

GDP (PPP) in Tril lions of Dol lars – 2015 World Bank Data (2014)

1. China 18.0

2. U.S.A. 17.4

6. Germany 3.7

10. U.K. 2.5

15. Canada 1.6

16. Spain 1.620. Australia 1.0

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc

Si f h C di E







© Copyright 2012

Size of the Canadian Economy

Canadians are, per capita, roughly the 19th highest income people in theworld.

GDP (PPP) per capita – 2015 World Bank Data (2014)

1. Macao $140,358

5. Norway $ 64,893

8. U.S. $ 54,630

15. Sweden $ 45,143

17. Canada $ 44,089

18. Australia $ 43,90122. U.K. $ 39,137

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD

T d C di I t





© Copyright 2012

Trade: Canadian Imports

Two-thirds of all merchandise imports into Canada come from the U.S.

Imports in 2014 in bi llions of $

TOTAL 524.0

U.S. 350.4 (67%)

E.U. 49.3China 35.5

Mexico 17.2

Japan 9.2

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/gblec02a-eng.htm

T d C di E t





© Copyright 2012

Trade: Canadian Exports

Three-quarters of all merchandise exports into Canada go to the U.S.

Exports in 2014 in bi llions of $

TOTAL 529.0

U.S. 400.0 (76%)

E.U. 40.5China 20.6

Mexico 6.8

Japan 11.0


T d B l f T d





© Copyright 2012

Trade: Balance of Trade

Trade Balance in 2014

TOTAL +5.0

U.S. +49.7

E.U. -8.8China -14.9

Mexico -10.4

Japan +1.9


I t d E t B T (i B$)











© Copyright 2012

Imports and Exports By Type (in B$)

Type Exports Imports Difference

Agricultural 41.0 32.6 8.4

Crude Oil 68.3 27.8 40.5

Nat Gas 13.5 0.0 13.5

Other Energy 30.4 24.2 6.2

Industrial Goods 116.9 98.0 18.9

Machinery 80.6 124.7 -44.1 Automotive 59.3 71.3 -12.0

Other Consumer 16.4 59.6 -43.2



2. Inequality and Taxation:

A Tale of Four Countries

C id F C t i



© Copyright 2012

Consider Four Countries

Two Nordic States – Equality Leaders

Two North American Countries

M f I lit



© Copyright 2012

Measure of Inequality

The Gini coefficient is a number between zero and

one that is a measure of inequality.

• 1 = Maximum Inequality.

• 0 = Perfect Equality.

There are other measures of inequality we could

use, but this one the most popular and has the mostdata available.

Gi i C ffi i t P T M k t I



© Copyright 2012

Gini Coefficients: Pre-Tax Market Income

U.S.-Denmark gap: 0.070, Canada-Denmark gap: 0.025. Source: OECD.

0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400 0.450 0.500

Denmark

Sweden

Canada

United States

Gi i C ffi i t P T M k t I



© Copyright 2012

Gini Coefficients: Pre-Tax Market Income

Measure accounts for the following:

• Unionization Rates • Education Levels

• Minimum Wage • Labour Skills

• Demographics • Industrial Policy• Immigration • Public/Private Mix

Does not account for taxes or transfers.

Gi i C ffi i t Aft T M k t I



© Copyright 2012

Gini Coefficients: After-Tax Market Income

U.S.-Denmark gap: 0.067, Canada-Denmark gap: 0.025. Sources: OECD, LaneKenworthy The High-Employment Route to Low Inequality.

0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400 0.450 0.500

Denmark

Sweden

Canada

United States

Gini Coefficients: After Tax Market Income



© Copyright 2012

Gini Coefficients: After-Tax Market Income

• Progressive taxation reduces Gini coefficient by

roughly 4 points. (point = 0.01)

• No significant difference in reductions in the 4countries.

• U.S. system slightly more progressive than other 3countries.

Gini Coefficients: After Tax and Transfers



© Copyright 2012

Gini Coefficients: After-Tax and Transfers


0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400 0.450 0.500

Denmark

Sweden

Canada

United States




© Copyright 2012



0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400 0.450 0.500

Denmark

Sweden

Canada

United States




© Copyright 2012


• Reduces inequality from 6-13 points vs. 4 for

progressive taxation.

• Unlike tax progressivity, big differences

– U.S. and Canada see a 6-7 point reduction.

– Denmark and Sweden see a 12-13 point reduction.

• Only 2.5 point gap between Canada and Denmarkpre-transfers, but 7.6 point difference post-transfers.

How Do We Pay for Transfers?



© Copyright 2012

How Do We Pay for Transfers?

Transfers and programs aimed at the bottom

10/20/30% cost a great deal of money. How docountries finance them?

Corporate Tax Rates



© Copyright 2012

Corporate Tax Rates

Source: OECD. Data from 2007.

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

Denmark Sweden Canada U.S.

But Do U S Companies Actually Pay?



© Copyright 2012

But Do U.S. Companies Actually Pay?

Source: http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/ge-filed-57000-page-tax-return-paid-no-taxes-14-billion-profits_609137.html

Corporate Taxes as a Percentage of GDP

http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/ge-filed-57000-page-tax-return-paid-no-taxes-14-billion-profits_609137.html






© Copyright 2012

Corporate Taxes as a Percentage of GDP

Source: OECD. Note an inverse relationship between corporate tax rates andamounts collected. Data from 2007.

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0%

Denmark

Sweden

Canada

United States

Personal Income Taxes + Payroll Taxes +



© Copyright 2012

Social Security as a Percentage of GDP

U.S.-Denmark gap: 6.9 perc. points, Canada-Denmark gap: 7.7 perc. points. Source:OECD. Data from 2007.

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0%

Denmark

Sweden

Canada

United States

Sales Taxes as a Percentage of GDP



© Copyright 2012

Sales Taxes as a Percentage of GDP

U.S.-Denmark gap: 11.6 perc. points, Canada-Denmark gap: 8.4 perc. points.Source: OECD. Data from 2007.

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0%

Denmark

Sweden

Canada

United States

VAT Rates



© Copyright 2012

VAT Rates

Source: OECD. Data from 2007.

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

Denmark Sweden Ontario US Federal



3. Death of Manufacturing

Jobs in Canada

Easy to Conclude Manufacturing in a



© Copyright 2012

Tailspin

Data on Jobs Not Pretty



© Copyright 2012

Data on Jobs Not Pretty

• Between 2004 and 2008, more than 1/7th ofthe jobs in manufacturing disappeared inCanada. (322,000 jobs in total). Similartrends in other developed countries, though to

a smaller extent.

• Outside of mid-to-late 1990s, this has beenthe norm in Canada.

Employment in Manufacturing



© Copyright 2012


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Manufacturing Employment (000s)




© Copyright 2012


0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

% of Workers in Manufacturing

Manufacturing Output Growing, But



© Copyright 2012

Not As Fast As Rest of Economy• Manufacturing output (as measured by Real GDP)

actually rose over the last decade, though onlymarginally. Mostly due to a post-2009 rebound.

How to Reconcile These Facts?



© Copyright 2012

How to Reconcile These Facts?

• The answer is in productivity: There has been a 40%

increase in productivity ($ value of output per hourworked) in manufacturing over the last decade.

• This is faster than productivity is increasing in the

economy as a whole, both on average and in mostyears (7 out of 10 years from 1998 to 2007).

• Canadian manufacturers are simply producing more

with less, thanks to automation from capitalinvestments and R&D.

Favourite Example – U S Steel – Gary IN



© Copyright 2012

Favourite Example U.S. Steel Gary, IN

1950

• 6 million tonnes produced

• 30,000 employees

2010

• 7.5 million tonnes produced

• 5,000 employees



4. The Canadian-U.S.

Exchange Rate

Canadian Dollar Has AppreciatedO



© Copyright 2012

Rapidly Over Last Decade

Due to a combination of weak USD and rapidincrease in commodity prices.

Canadian Dollar Has AppreciatedR idl O L D d B



© Copyright 2012

Rapidly Over Last Decade… But

Significant changes since 2012.

Canadian Dollar (Essentially) a PetroDollar



© Copyright 2012

Canadian Dollar (Essentially) a PetroDollar

• Correlation between the CAD-USD exchangerate and the price of oil ~0.85.

• This is not necessarily causation (naturally),but does make intuitive sense. Canadaexports a great deal of oil, so as the price ofoil goes up, the value of Canadian exportsrises, taking the currency along with it.

Appreciating Currency and Exporters



© Copyright 2012

Appreciating Currency and Exporters

Damaging for exporters who have the

following business models:

• High proportion of expenses in Canadiandollars, high proportion of revenues in USdollars. – Typically this occurs with companies that are labour

intensive

• Compete against domestic U.S. companies.

• Low-to-medium profit margins.

IRPP Study



© Copyright 2012

IRPP Study

• A recent IRPP study finds that only 25 of 80

manufacturing industries show a significantnegative relationship between the exchangerate and output. These include:

– Clothing manufacturing – Leather and allied product manufacturing

– Household appliance manufacturing

– Furniture product manufacturing

IRPP Study



© Copyright 2012

IRPP Study

• Industries slightly affected to not at all include:

– Chemical manufacturing (including pharmaceuticals)

– Plastics and rubber manufacturing

– Paper manufacturing

– Primary metal manufacturing

These industries tend to not be particularly labourintensive, have a high proportion of their

expenses in U.S. dollars, or have few foreigncompetitors.

Conclusions



© Copyright 2012

Conclusions

• Similar results found in another recent study (Beine,

Coulombe and Vermeulen).

• Currency closely tied to oil prices.

• High currency affects some manufacturing industriesmore than others and some not at all.

• Companies with a high proportion of their expensesin U.S. dollars, such as chemical manufacturing, can

thrive in a high CAD environment.



5. Productivity and

Output

What Determines a Country’s Output?



© Copyright 2012

y p

1. Number of total hours worked.

2. Productivity: $ Value of output per hourworked.

Canada Lags in Productivity vis-à-visth U S ($ V l O t t/H W k d)



© Copyright 2012

the U.S. ($ Value Output/Hours Worked)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Canada United States

Research and developmente pendit re (% of GDP)



© Copyright 2012

expenditure (% of GDP)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Canada

United States

Patent Applications:A Proxy for Innovation



© Copyright 2012

A Proxy for Innovation

0.000000

0.000100

0.000200

0.000300

0.000400

0.000500

0.000600

0.000700

0.000800

0.000900

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

P a t e n t A p p l i c a t i o

n s

/ C a p i t a

Year

Patent Applications Per Capita

Canada

U.S.

What is Causing This?



© Copyright 2012

g

Answer: Lots of theories and ideas, but noone is 100% certain. An ongoing publicpolicy mystery.

Don Drummond - Confessions of a SerialProductivity Researcher



© Copyright 2012

Productivity Researcher

“For many years the author believed that Canada’s

weak productivity performance reflectedinappropriate public policy. Despite most of thepublic policy agenda that was put forward toimprove productivity being implemented,productivity growth in this country since 2000 hasactually deteriorated. This suggests that theprivate sector bears more responsibility for

Canada’s productivity malaise than previousthought. A research agenda with a focus on firmbehaviour from a micro approach is needed…”



6. Media Resources

Resources



© Copyright 2012

Macleans.ca Econowatch:

http://www.macleans.ca/economy/

Globe and Mail’s Economy Lab:

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-

business/economy/economy-lab/ Andrew Coyne (National Post):

http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/author/acoynenp/

The Economist – Canada:

http://www.economist.com/topics/canada


http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/











Any Questions?



Wrap Up &Questions




Have a great

first week!Remember to signup for yourone-on-one appointment with

Meagan!

Exchange Orientation Fall 2015

Documents