Examples of Ruminant’s: Cow Sheep, Goat. Digestion In a Ruminant, monogastric
Dec 18, 2015
Examples of Ruminant’s:Cow
Sheep, Goat.
Digestion In a Ruminant, monogastric
Nutrition
1. Ingestion2. Digestion3. Absorption4. Assimilation5. Egestion
Ingestion
The physical intake of food into the mouth
Lips & Tongue
DigestionThe physical &
chemical break down of food, physically by the teeth & mechanical action of the stomach & chemically by enzymes.
Digestion occurs in the mouth, the stomach & the small intestine
Digestion in the MouthCows & sheep move
their jaws in round circular grinding action.
Salivary Glands- produce saliva to break down starch to maltose
100 Litres/Day saliva Cattle
DENTAL FORMULAs
Cow & Sheep I(0/4), C (0/0), P (3/3), M (3/3)
PIG I(3/3), C (1/1), P (4/4), M (3/3)
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Chemical Digestion in the mouth
S a liva ry A m yla se
S ta rchT o o B ig
M a lta se
M a lto seS till T o o B ig
G lu co seS m all E no u gh
D ig e s tion in th e M ou th
DigestionMouthOesophagus/Food
pipe- PERISALYSIS is the muscular wave like action that moves food along the alimentary canal.
Ruminants Stomach 4 Compartments1. Rumen2. Reticulum3. Omasum4. Abomasum
Draw this
THE RUMENLargest CompartmentContains Millions of Micro–
organisms to break down cellulose
The bacteria in the rumen release enzymes which break down the cellulose, they also make protein.
Make vitamin KAmino Acids are madeSymbiotic Relationship.
Both benefit from existing
THE RETICULUMHoney CombedChew the cud-
repeated regurgitation & chewing of the contents of the rumen. Returns to mouth
Collects Pebbles, etc that were accidentally swallowed
MasticationCud is reswallowed and
enters the omasum
The OMASUMSpherical BookPresses & squeezes
the food which helps the physical digestion of food.
Water is reabsorbed & the solid part is passed into the abomasum
ABOMASUMTrue StomachGastric juiceHCL- kills bacteriaDigestive enzymes –Pepsinogen breaks -
proteins to peptidesRennin- digests milk
protein- important in calves
Mucus to prevent self digestion
The Small IntestineDuodenum, Jejunum ileum, The semi –digested food now
leaves the stomach by the pyloric sphincter muscle into the small intestine –the duodenum.
Bile & pancreatic juice is added here
Liver secretes Bile (ph8) breaks down fat & neutralizes the acid from the stomach
Pancreatic juice – amylase, lipase (fats to fatty acids, trypsin (proteins to peptides)
Intestinal juices (final digestion – sucrase, lactase (glucose and galactose, maltase (maltose –glucose)
Absorption Small intestine has villiThese increase the surface
area for absorption.Rich supply of blood vesselsLacteal – capillaries of the
lymphatic system Fatty acids are absorbed
into lacteals- reconvert into lipids
Glucose, amino acids, vitamins, salts water are absorbed into the capillaries in the villi
Large IntestineColon reabsorbs
waterDiarrhoeaConstipationCaecumAppendixColonRectumAnus
EgestionRemoval of wasteRemoves
unabsorbed material
Stored in rectum Eliminated as
FaecesDefecation
through the anus
The Liver-Its Functions1. Makes RBC’s2. Regulates body
Temperature3. Produces bile4. Detoxifies the body5. Deamination6. Stores vitamins7. Controls lipid levels
by sending excess lipids to adipose tissue as storage
8. Controls blood sugar levels
Monogastric Stomach
In humans and pigs cellulose is called Roughage!Cannot be digested
Diet of Monogastric v Ruminant
Monogastric • Non-roughageBalanced ration –
high protein, vitamin A, D & minerals (iron)
Wide variety of materials in ration to make up concentrated ration
RuminantRoughageGrazed out doors-
grass- high quality grass =complete food
Less variety of materials in ration
Calf Digestive System
Must be fed colostrum-defenceAt birth, the calf's digestion system is not yet
developed. Of the four compartments, only the abomasum
functions The calf is therefore dependent on milk as a nutrient source. From its third week, the calf should be fed solid feed, i.e. concentrates, hay and silage. The calf should also have access to clean water 24 hours a day.
As soon as the calf is eating regularly, the milk ration can gradually be reduced. If the milk ration is reduced slowly, and solid feeds are fed together with clean water, the calf will steadily develop into a ruminant.
Feeding Calves to Develop Stomach
Calf Digestion V Adult DigestionMilkColostrumHay pencilsMore proteinRationBacteria for rumenMineralsVitamins
OOGrass, hay/silageLess prpteinCelluloseHigh quality/high MineralsNo vitamins
Digestive Tract of Chicken
•Mouth/Beak •gather and break down feed (no teeth
•Oesophagus •tube from mouth to stomach that is open at the mouth end
•Crop •Stores Food and moistening
•Proventriculus •Secretes Digestive Juices
•(HCI and gastric juices); enzymatic
Gizzard muscular stomach; mechanical breakdown (grinds
food). Contains gravel, grit which along with the muscles grinds up food.
Small Intestine enzymatic digestion and absorption Functions of the small intestine: digestion of proteins,
carbohydrates, and fats; absorption of the end products of digestion
Enzymes in the small intestine
Large Intestine – bacterial activity – water absorption – waste storage – 25-30 eliminations a day due to high
metabolism.
Digestion in a horseHerbivoresHind gut fermentersMonogastricSo is the rabbit... (Coprophagy)To digest cellulose..They have long intestines and micro
organisms in their hind gut.Large intestine and appendix is very
important to digest celluloseThey use micro organisms in their caecum
to ferment and digest cellulose
Layout on his backOpen digestive cavityBy making cutsDisplay
Dissection of a RABBIT