Evert van Bolhuis, Pieter Prins, Marina Martin and Margot Verleg - Do you trust your social media feed? - BOBCATSSS 2017

TrusttheSource

Do you trust your social media feed?

#PizzagateA post on Twitter led to a conspiracy theory about a pedophilia network inside a Pizza parlor in Washington DC involving the Clinton Family.

A 28 year old man used a gun inside the restaurant to free the captured childeren

Pieter PrinsEvert van Bolhuis

Margot VerlegMarina Martin

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How and why misinformation spreads

2. Introduction

1. Whisper Game

And the methods that are used used to collect the data

3. Boston Bombing

Importance of factchecking

5. Fact-checking

Traditional methods of factchecking

6. Verification Handbook

That help you factcheck social media posts

7. Verification Tools

WorkshopTable of content

4. Role-playing

5Energizer

The wisper game 1. Line up in a straight line 2. We will give you one sentence3. Take the wisper untill it’s in the front of the

line 4. The first person will write the rumor down

on a paper

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Definition Misinformation: misinformation is a false or inaccurate form of information that spread either intentionally or unintentionally.

What is misinformation?Misinfomation

The world economic forum named misinformation as one of the top 10 treaths that our society is facing

Definition: Disinformation any government communication containing intentionally false and misleading material

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Why do rumors spread? Misinfomation

Sort of rumors:

• Dread rumors• Wish rumors• Wedge driving rumors

When rumors spread

• Uncertainty • Anxiety

• Believing

• Importance• Improving self image• Social status

• People want to help• People want to make sense of the

world• People want to feel part of the

shared experience• To gain revenue

MisinformationWhy do people spread misinformation?

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Echo chambers Misinformation

Nature Climate Change 5, 782–786 (2015)

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Echo chambers on social media Misinformation

“The goal of News Feed is to deliver the right content to the right people at the right time so they don’t miss the stories that are important to them.” (Backstrom, 2013)

The 2013 Boston Marathon was marked by two bombs that were detonated at the finish line killing three people and injuring 264.

Both the FBI and Boston PD used Twitter to reach out to the public to inform them of what was going and what to do.

After three days, photographs and surveillance video of two suspects were released by the FBI to seek the public’s help to identify them.

BOSTON BOMBINGCase Study

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BOSTON BOMBINGCase Study

Internet users used social media sites like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit as a primary sources of real-time news after the bombings.

• At 2:59 PM the Boston Globe shared the first tweet about the bombings

• At 4:10 pm there were more than 300,000 mentions on Twitter of “Boston explosions.”

• Around 4:30 pm, there were more than 700,000 mentions on Twitter of the “Boston Marathon.”

• All of the rumors followed the six reasons under what sort of situations rumors spread more.

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The first rumor was a photo of a girl killed while running in the marathon.

@NBCNews announce that an 8 year old spectator was killed

@TylerJWalter assumed that was a girl and a participant of the marathon

@_Nathansnicely share the rumor with a picture

Girl Killed While Running in the Marathon Rumor

Boston case

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• This rumor was credible and had more repercussion because it was started by the NBC News

• The original rumor was retweeted 33 times, but it soon began to spread in many different forms, from different authors

• 93,353 tweets contained both “girl” and “running”

• 92,785 tweets were related to the rumor

• 90,668 of these tweets were coded as misinformation

• 2046 tweets were corrections

• Corrections occurred almost at the same time as misinformation due to community response

Girl Killed While Running in the Marathon Rumor

Boston case

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Users of 4chan and Reddit collected images of suspicious individuals wearing backpacks at the scene after the FBI released pictures of dark, exploded backpacks.

Pictures were spread included two men carrying heavy dark backpacks. They were affiliated with U.S. military special operations, specifically Navy SEALs.

After relate the FBI pictures with the Navy SEALs, speculation claimed the bombings had been a “false flag” attack by the U.S. Government.

False Flag RumorBoston case

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False Flag RumorBoston case

• This rumor made people feel important

• There were 4525 tweets in total

• 3793 of these tweets were misinformation

• 212 tweets were corrections

• 520 tweets were coded as other, most of those being unrelated

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The FBI released photographs of the suspects.

Twitter users claimed that Tripathi, an 22 year old missing student, could be a suspect.

The FBI had to release the names of the real suspects sooner because the family of Tripathi recieved death treaths

.

Sunil Tripathi RumorBoston case

www.yourcompanyname.com

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• This rumor helpt people with their social status

• There were 29,416 tweets

• 22,819 of the tweets were misinformation

• 4485 of the tweets were corrections

Sunil Tripati RumorBoston case

What are social media doing to stop misinformation?

“We do not want to be arbiters of truth ourselves” – Mark Zuckerberg

PRESENCE OF HASHTAG AND URLHow to identify false tweets

NUMBER OF FOLLOWERS AND RETWEET STATUS

How to identify false tweets

VULGARITY, ABREVIATIONS AND EMOTICONSHow to identify false tweets

When you walk through the city and see this, what would you tweet?

Tweet the situationWorkshop

Tweet the situation #2

Right after seeing the situation on the photo before, you now seeing this. What would you tweet?

Tweet the situation #3

You walk to the next street and see this. What would you tweet?

26Fact-checking

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• Put a plan and procedures in place

• The path to verification can vary with each fact.

• Verify the source.

• Never parrot or trust sources.

FundamentalsVerification handbook

28Verification handbook

• Challenge the sources

• Triangulate

• Ask yourself, “Do I know enough to verify?”

• Collaborate with team members and experts; don’t go it alone.

Fundamentals

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How can we verify this video?

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Spokeo people search engine that can find individuals by name, email, phone or username

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Step 1: Confirming the authenticityVerification handbook

Provenance: “Is this the original piece of content?”

Run a number of checks on that profile to make sure it is real

www.yourcompanyname.com

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Step 1: ProvenanceVerification handbook

Provenance: “Is this the original piece of content?”

Run a number of checks on that profile to make sure it is real

Confirming the authenticity

www.letmetweetthatforyou.com

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Step 1: ProvenanceVerification handbook

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Step 2: Check the sourceVerification handbook

Source: “Who uploaded the content?”

The ultimate goal when attempting to verify UGC is to identify the original uploader and getin touch with them

UGC = User Generated Content

A large amount of data of social media, mostly unfiltered, unverified and unstructured

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Step 3: Verifying the dateVerification handbook

Date: “When was the content created?”

When you know the date of the publication, you can fill it in on Woflram Alpha later

www.wolframalpha.com

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Step 4: What is the location?Verification handbook

Location: “Where was the content created?”

Try to discover the location the content is posted.

www.google.nl

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Tools for Verifying Images:Jeffrey’s Exif Viewer: An online tool that reveals the Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) information of a digital photo.Foto Forensics: This website uses error level analysis (ELA) to indicate parts of an image that may have been altered.

Fuskr: Add-on to find all the photos with the digital camera default file names

Google Search by Image: By uploading or entering an image’s URL, users can find content such as related or similar images, websites and other pages using the specific image.

JPEGSnoop: A free Windows-only application that can detect whether an image has been edited.

RevEye: This Chrome plug-in will let you search not just Google’s image database, but also the databases of TinEye, Yandex, Baidu and Bing.

TinEye: A reverse image search engine that connects images to their creator

YouTube Data Viewer: This shows a video’s exact upload date and time

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htt[://Tineye.comTinEyeA reverse image search engine that connects images to their creators by allowing users to find out where an image originated, how it is used, whether modified versions exist and if there are higher resolution copies.

Check Images with TinEyeTool 1

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Data DrivingLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Aliquam tincidunt ante nec sem congue conva

86%

76%Twitter Users

76%Facebook Users

76%Google Users

Check Images with TinEyeFactchecking

42Google Search by Image

43Tools for Verifying Identities

Person Finder: One of the most well-known open source databanks for individuals to post and search for the status of people affected during disaster.

Pipl.com: Searches for an individual’s Internet footprint.

Rapportive: This Gmail plugin gives users a LinkedIn profile on their contacts, including social media accounts, location, and employment.

Spokeo: A people search engine that can find individuals by name, email, phone or username.

Skypegrab: With a skype handle, one can track IP address and user location.

Storyful MultiSearch Extension: Simple and quick solution to search accounts associated with a specific handle from one social platform to another.

WebMii: The tool searches for weblinks that match an individual’s name, or can identify unspecified individuals by keyword.

44Tools for Verifying IdentitiesAnyWho: A free white pages directory with a reverse look-up function.

BotOrNot: It checks the activity of a Twitter account and gives it a score based on how likely the account is a bot.Email Checker: A tool to check whether an email address exists.

Facebook Graph Search: A social search engine that is integrated into Facebook. It provides a streamlined method to locate individuals.

Facebook Graph Search Engine Search engine to track an individual and find hidden information about the individuals shared on Facebook.

GeoSocial Footprint: A website where one can track the users’ location “footprint” created from GPS enabled tweets, social check-ins

HRL Lookups: One can trace network connection data, and check whether the number is valid, whether the number is active and which network the mobile is using.

Muck Rack: Among other services, it lists thousands of journalists on Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, Quora, Google+, LinkedIn Numberway: A free directory of international phone books.

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www.yourcompanyname.comWebMii

Searches for weblinks that match an individual’s name, or can identify unspecified individuals by keyword. It gives a web visibility score which can be used to identify fake profiles.

App for identifying personsTool 2

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Verifying VideoTool 3

47Tool 4

Crowd sourced factchecking

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49 Social semantic journalism

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http://www.trustthesource.nlWhat i’m working on

TrustthesourceTool 5

• Tool that combines all other tools

• An algorithm that gives you Immediate results

• Fact-checking based on linguistics

TrusttheSource

Thank you for your time!

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