EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Greater Grampians bioregion EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Description: A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils). Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 15% r Eucalyptus sabulosa Eucalyptus obliqua Wimmera Scentbark Messmate Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Immature Canopy Tree 5% IT Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% T Medium Shrub 6 30% MS Small Shrub 3 5% SS Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PS Medium Herb 6 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNG Ground Fern 1 10% GF Bryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils).
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% r Eucalyptus sabulosa
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia retinodes var. retinodes WirildaMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly CoprosmaMS Leptospermum scoparium ManukaSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgePS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Lagenophora stipitata Common LageniferaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John’s WortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffSH Hydrocotyle foveolata Yellow PennywortLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:40 % cover
Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 6: Sand Heathland
Description:A generally treeless heath occurring on deep infertile sands with occasional scattered emergent eucalypts. Consists of a diverse, low, dense heathy shrub layer. Herbs and grasses are notably absent or of low frequency in the ground layer but a number of restionaceous species are often present.
Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 9 45% MSSmall Shrub 9 20% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameHeath Tea-tree
MS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathPS Styphelia adscendens Golden HeathMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Goodenia geniculata Bent GoodeniaMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma carphoides Black Rapier-sedgeMTG Amphipogon strictus var. setifer Grey-beard GrassMTG Lomandra sororia Small Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushMNG Leptocarpus tenax Slender Twine-rushMNG Lepyrodia muelleri Common Scale-rushTTG Schoenus breviculmis Matted Bog-sedgeSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurelSC Grevillea aquifolium Variable Prickly
GrevilleaR
ecruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.
Organic Litter:20% cover
Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 8: Wet Heathland
Description:A low, generally treeless heathland although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present often dominated by a range of sedges, grasses and shrubs. Occurs on lower slopes, flats or depressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging.
Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 8 35% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 5 15% MNGTiny Tufted Graminoid 1 1% TTGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest
Description:Eucalypt forest to 25 m tall on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils in areas of relatively high rainfall. Characterised by the diversity of life forms and species in the understorey including a range of shrubs, grasses and herbs.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus baxteri s.l.
Eucalyptus obliquar Eucalyptus
alaticaulis
Brown StringybarkMessmate Stringybark Grampians Grey-
Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeIT
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 14 30% MSSmall Shrub 6 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A tall forest along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts to 30 m tall, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua
Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Eucalyptus baxteri s.l.
Messmate StringybarkMountain Grey-gum Brown Stringybark
Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeIT
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 8 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 4 20% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 5 25% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Daviesia brevifolia Leafless Bitter-peaSS k Olearia speciosa Netted Daisy-bushLH Ixodia achillaeoides IxodiaMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Euchiton involucratus s.s. Star CudweedMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Mitrasacme pilosa Hairy MitrewortLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Juncus vaginatus Clustered RushLTG Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Tetraria capillaris Hair SedgeMTG Poa clelandii Noah's ArkMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushMNG Schoenus lepidosperma Slender Bog-sedgeMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Sticherus tener s.l. Silky Fan-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernSC Grevillea aquifolium Variable Prickly GrevilleaSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC r Billardiera bignoniacea Orange Bell-climber
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:50 % cover
Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush high high
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Diverse, medium to tall shrubland to 5 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rocky creeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after such disturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Trees may be irregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common to riparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral native species which survive on the bare sands or in rock crevices.
Life forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 40% MS
Large Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameWoolly Tea-tree
MS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletLH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low high MS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high high LH Conium maculatum Hemlock high highLH Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane high lowLH Carduus tenuiflorus Winged Thistle high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high low MH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge high lowMH Silene gallica French Catchfly high lowMH Petrorhagia nanteuilii Childling Pink high low MH Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Purple Cudweed high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowSC Vinca major Blue Periwinkle high high
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills to exposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor in form to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leaved shrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids and grasses are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)60 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus baxteri s.l.
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs on the upper scree and scarp slopes of the Grampians range. The overstorey is dominated by a low to medium height forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer including a number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest is characterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)60 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhyncha
Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua
Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Eucalyptus ovata
Messmate StringybarkMountain Grey-gum Swamp Gum
Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeIT
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow or virtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 4 m tall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poor except where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.
Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub
#Spp13
%Cover55%
LF codeMSSmall Shrub 7 15% SS
Prostrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF CodeMS
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameOyster Bay Pine
MS Correa reflexa Common CorreaMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Grevillea alpina Cat's Claw GrevilleaSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS r Hibbertia cistiflora ssp. rostrata Rock Rose Guinea-flowerSS Leucopogon glacialis Twisted Beard-heathSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathPS Astroloma pinifolium Pine HeathPS Styphelia adscendens Golden HeathPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Burchardia umbellata MilkmaidsSH r Stylidium soboliferum Grampians Trigger-plantLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma semiteres Wire Rapier-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra sororia Small Mat-rushMNG Caustis flexuosa Curly WigMNG Tetrarrhena distichophylla Hairy Rice-grassMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushSC Grevillea aquifolium Variable Prickly Grevillea
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 29: Damp Forest
Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level to montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad- leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)90 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus baxteri s.l.
Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus cypellocarpa
Brown StringybarkMessmate Stringybark Mountain Grey-gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% MNGGround Fern 2 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest
Description:Restricted to south-facing, steep narrow gullies that are sometimes spring fed and supplemented by relatively high annual rainfall. Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees and shrubs over a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer dominated by tree-ferns.
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs in montane elevations on moderately fertile soils. An open and sparse eucalypt mallee woodland to 5 m tall with the understorey consisting of a small, sparse shrub layer. The EVC is characterised by its grassy ground cover together with a variety of other graminoids and herbs.
Description:Occurs on ridges on moderately fertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest
Description:Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. Open forest to 25 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus obliqua
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 10% TMedium Shrub 10 20% MSSmall Shrub 5 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 16 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest - Greater Grampians bioregion
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum scoparium ManukaMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingSH r Asperula minima Mossy WoodruffSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:40 % cover
Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian or outwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tall lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except where frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground cover is normally fairly sparse.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)60 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus obliqua
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 53: Swamp Scrub
Description:Closed scrub to 8 m tall at low elevations on alluvial deposits along streams or on poorly drained sites with high nutrient and water availability. Soils vary from organic loams to fine silts and peats which are inundated during the wetter months of the year and is dominated by either Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermun lanigerum or Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia which often form a dense impenetrable thicket, out-competing other species. Emergent trees (eg. Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata) may some times be present. Where light penetrates to ground level, a moss/lichen/liverwort herbaceous ground cover is often present.
Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Leptospermum lanigerum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower RushMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC 53: Swamp Scrub – Greater Grampians bioregion
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:40 % cover
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall occurring on a number of geologies and soil types. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer.
Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 80 cm 15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name15% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 1% TMedium Shrub 1 5% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 18 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 15 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high
highMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Aira spp. Hair Grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall on broad alluvial plains and along ephemeral drainage lines. Soils are generally poorly drained duplex soils with sandy loam overlying a heavier clay subsoil. Understorey consists of few, if any shrubs with the striking feature of this EVC being the high species-richness of the ground-layer and the low biomass of this cover, particularly in summer.
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 5 15% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 15 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 8 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Leptospermum scoparium ManukaSS Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia stricta s.l. Upright Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraSH Viola cleistogamoides Hidden VioletSH Siloxerus multiflorus Small WrinklewortSH Drosera pygmaea Tiny SundewSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassMTG Luzula meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Juncus subsecundus Finger RushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Triglochin nanum Dwarf ArrowgrassTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisTTG Aphelia pumilio Dwarf ApheliaSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:10 % cover
Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Moenchia erecta Erect Chickweed high lowMH Parentucellia latifolia Red Bartsia high
low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low
MTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high lowTTG Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceous ground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on a wide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid and herbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or system of interconnected small ponds.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name15% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 3 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
LF CodeT
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameBlackwood
T Acacia retinodes WirildaMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-garssLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grass
MNG
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Salix fragilis Crack Willow high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high
high MS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Hirschfeldia incana Buchan Weed high
high LH Verbena bonariensis s.l. Purple-top Verbena high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high lowLH Conium maculatum Hemlock high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high
low LH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972)Black Nightshade high low
MH Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high
high LTG Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millethigh high
MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass highhigh MTG Paspalum dilatatum Paspalumhigh high
MTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high
high SC Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jewhigh high
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A dry, open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall often with a sparse shrub layer. The understorey is dominated by a carpet of herbs and grasses. Soils are generally shallow but fertile, and outcropping rock is not uncommon. This seasonally dry environment is favourable for annual herbs, with the fertile nature of the various geologies also supporting perennial herbs. Landform can vary from relatively flat ground to ridge tops on sedimentary sandstones (along seams of mineral-rich sandstone) to undulating, rounded, granite hill landforms.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus obliqua
Eucalyptus melliodorar Eucalyptus sabulosa
Messmate StringybarkYellow Box Wimmera
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 6 10% MSSmall Shrub 6 10% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 15 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Grevillea alpina Cat's Claw GrevilleaSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Hibbertia stricta s.l. Upright Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma pinifolium Pine HeathLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Viola cleistogamoides Hidden VioletSH Phyllangium divergens Wiry MitrewortSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Lomandra sororia Small Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra nana Dwarf Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisTTG Aphelia pumilio Dwarf ApheliaSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurelSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Drosera macrantha Climbing Sundew
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:20 % cover
Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:This EVC is usually treeless, but in some instances can include sparse River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis. A sparse shrub component may also be present. The characteristic ground cover is dominated by grasses and small sedges and herbs. Thevegetation is typically species-rich on the outer verges but is usually species-poor in the wetter central areas.
Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 6 10% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 11 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGTiny Tufted Graminoid* 2 1% TTGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
*Largely seasonal life form
LF CodeLH
Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeCalocephalus lacteus
Common NameMilky Beauty-heads
LH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsLH Microtis unifolia Common Onion-orchidMH Microseris scapigera spp. agg. Yam DaisyMH Lythrum hyssopifolia Small LoosestrifeMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River ButtercupSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf RushMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis atricha Tuber Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeTTG Aphelia gracilis Slender Aphelia
Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSS Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highLH Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high low MH Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal high highMH Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia high lowMH Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons high high MH Cicendia quadrangularis Square Cicendia high low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Trifolium scabrum Rough Clover high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high highMTG Critesion marinum Sea Barley-grass high lowMTG Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high lowTTG Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge high low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 134: Sand Forest
Description:Eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring on deep, low fertility sand deposits subject to high fire frequency. The understorey is visually dominated by Austral Bracken and the overall diversity is low.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. cygnetensis Rough-barked Manna-
gumUnderstorey:
Life formImmature Canopy Tree
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% T
Medium Shrub 3 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 1 50% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMNG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Holcus setosus Annual Fog high lowMNG Aira praecox Early Hair-grass high low
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 136: Sedge Wetland
Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall. Occurs in small swamps or on seasonally inundated drainage lines. Swamp sites are most often permanent, but can dry in drought years or towards the end of summer. Usually devoid of a shrub layer, possibly due to the scouring action of flooding and lying water. The ground layer consists of sedges in patches and a diversity of aquatic and amphibious herbs and grasses.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha5 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum
Understorey: Life
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeITMedium Shrub 1 5% MS
Large Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 1 1% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 35% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCTotal understorey projective foliage cover
70%
LF Code
Character SpeciesLeptospermum obovatum
Common NameRiver Tea-tree
LH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Poranthera microphylla Small Poranthera
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Shrubland to 3 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs on flat to gently sloping terrain, on or near coastal sites. Generally high rainfall and lack of drainage combine to retain high levels of moisture throughout the year.
Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 30% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameSilver Banksia
MS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-
heathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name15% Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptus viminalis
Swamp GumManna Gum
Understorey: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn low
high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low MHHypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low
MH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high
highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high high
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A low, generally treeless heathland although sometimes emergent, stunted eucalypts are present. Occurs in wet soak depressions, narrow gullies or headwaters of creeks in the montane, high rainfall areas of the Major Mitchell Plateau in the Grampians. A dense, heathy shrub layer over a ground layer dominated by sedges and rushes.
Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 6 40% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSMedium Herb 2 1% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 20% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
LF Code r
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameShiny Tea-tree
MS Melaleuca squamea Swamp Honey-myrtleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A dense shrubland to 6 m tall growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts may be occasionally present. The understorey is often species-poor and consists typically of sedges tolerant of seasonal waterlogging and sometime dense areas of Coral Fern. Occurs along creeks and minor stream tributaries of the lowland plains.
Small Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 20% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 5 10% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 15% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Treeless or sparsely treed shrubland on well-drained skeletal sandy loams of rocky high altitude peaks in the Grampians Ranges. The shrub layer consists of a diversity of ericoid shrubs over a variable ground layer of restionaceous species, sedges and herbs.
Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 10 40% MSSmall Shrub 4 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 2 1% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGEpiphyte 1 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover
60%
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameRock Banksia
MS r Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Calytrix alpestris Snow Myrtle
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Herbland associated with rock outcrops, generally in mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Shrubland. Subject to microclimatic extremes, being typically damp to wet in winter and dry in summer. Trees are rare although scattered spindly eucalypts can occur. Scattered shrubs may also be present. Most prominent life forms are grasses, herbs and geophytes.
Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeLarge Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover
80%
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameOyster Bay Pine
MS Dodonaea viscosa ssp. cuneata Wedge-leaf Hop-bushMS Acacia oxycedrus Spike WattleMS Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Shrub-dominated eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with an understorey visually dominated by medium shrubs and including a range of sedges and grasses and herbs including a number of annuals. Occurs on moderately fertile, poorly-drained, shallow sand or silty topsoils over heavier clay subsoils that naturally impede drainage. Often associated with recent Quaternary swamp deposits and broad, seasonal drainage lines and outwash flats between sand dunes. Soils are generally inundated or waterlogged in winter and baked hard in summer, which promotes sedges and annual species.
Small Shrub 6 20% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameCommon Fringe-myrtle
MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Melaleuca decussata Totem-polesMS Callistemon rugulosus Scarlet BottlebrushSS Hakea rostrata Beaked HakeaSS Hibbertia riparia Upright Guinea-flowerSS Grevillea alpina Cat’s Claws GrevilleaSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep’s BurrMH Hypericum gramineum Small St. John’s-wortSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortMTG Lomandra sororia Small Mat-rushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma congestum Clustered Sword-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma carphoides Black Rapier-sedge
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt forest or woodland to 15 m tall, with a sedge-dominated understorey. Occurs on flats along low gradient creeks and drainage lines subject to seasonal inundation and waterlogging in moderately fertile habitats.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus ovata
Eucalyptus obliquaSwamp GumMessmate Stringybark
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 6 25% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 5 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt woodland or open-forest to 15 m tall generally with an understorey comprised of a range of heathy shrubs, subshrubs, grasses and herbs. Occurs on mineralised metamorphosed sandstone.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30%
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Heathland Thicket can form linear patches along drainage lines or form thicket islands in shallow depressions within expanses of Sand Heathland. A dense, impenetrable thicket of Totem Poles Melaleuca decussata to 2 m tall dominates this floristic community. Due to the dense nature of the thicket, very little light reaches the ground stratum, so the ground is mostly bare, with occasional moss cover.
Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub
#Spp8
%Cover50%
LF codeMSSmall Shrub 4 10% SS
Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
LF CodeMS
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameTotem-poles
MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Hakea rostrata Beaked HakeaSS Gompholobium huegelii Common Wedge-peaSS r Hibbertia cistiflora ssp. rostrata Rock Rose Guinea-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Chrysocephalum apiculatum s.l. Common EverlastingLH Ixodia achillaeoides IxodiaMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Lomandra sororia Small Mat-rushMTG Lomandra glauca s.l. Pale Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Leptocarpus tenax Slender Twine-rushMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurelSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurelSC Grevillea aquifolium Variable Prickly Grevillea
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall above an often tall dense thicket of understorey shrubs tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. The ground layer commonly consists of sedges and restionaceous species. Occurs on flood-plains where water running off ranges onto broad alluvial flats gives rise to a multitude of interlinking channels, and it is within and between these channels that Floodplain Thicket occurs. Soils are alluviums varying from black anaerobic alluvial clay sands to pale grey silty clays.
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 8 50% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 2 1% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 4 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with a tall and often dense shrubby understorey. Ground cover variously dominated by sedges, grasses and herbs. Soils generally duplex with sandy loam overlying heavy clay subsoil, prone to seasonal inundation periods. Commonly found on valley floors.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus obliqua
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low MH Galium murale Small Goosegrass high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low
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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs in shallow depressions associated with broad plains or floodplains. Soils are poorly drained, cracking clays which can seasonally form shallow freshwater marshes. The vegetation is an open woodland to 15 m tall, with shrubs and understorey trees generally absent, and sedges predominating in the ground layer. Herbs typical of inundated environments are present, but also grass, herb and geophyte species common to surrounding woodlands.
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Hakea rugosa Dwarf HakeaMS v Comesperma polygaloides Small MilkwortSS Eutaxia microphylla Common EutaxiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilLH Brachyscome cardiocarpa Swamp DaisyLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Fairies' ApronsMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Myriocephalus rhizocephalus Woolly-headsSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Lepidosperma congestum Clustered Sword-sedgeMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Chorizandra enodis Black Bristle-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis glabra Smooth CentrolepisTTG Aphelia gracilis Slender ApheliaSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:10 % cover
Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high low MH Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia high www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Herb-dominated vegetation occurring in shallow seasonally inundated depressions on cracking silty clays (within Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland), with a range of small herbs indicative of wetness.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Herb 3 20% MHSmall Herb 7 15% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover
65%
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameMH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-
milfoilMH Centipeda cunninghamii Common SneezeweedSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Lobelia surrepens Mud PratiaMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grass
Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:10% cover
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Shrub-dominated eucalypt woodland to 15m tall with a sedge and herb-dominated understorey. Occurs along small, narrow, ephemeral streams flowing north and west from the Grampians towards drier regions in the north. Streams are largely dry in summer and often contain coarse alluvial sand deposits derived from a variety of geologies.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus obliqua
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 292: Red Gum Swamp
Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall. Occurs on alluvial plains in the seasonally wet depressions of shallow drainage lines or prior stream meanders, typically associated with heavy paludal soils, sometimes with gilgai development. The annual rainfall across its distribution is generally below 700mm, and the period of inundation may range from 2 to 6 months. River Red Gum woodland with sedgy or grassy-herbaceous ground-layer, comprising various balances of true aquatics and species tolerant of intermittent to seasonal inundation.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha10 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name15% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum
Understorey: Life form
#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT
Large Herb 2 10% LHMedium Herb 7 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover
EVC 292: Red Gum Swamp – Greater Grampians bioregion
Recruitment:Episodic/Flood – desirable period of disturbance is once every 5 years
Organic Litter:10% Cover
Logs:10m/0.1 ha
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Sedge and rush-dominated eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with amphibious herbs. Occurs along banks and adjacent wet flats of smaller intermittent creeks on coarse sands and stony alluvial soils and on the floodplains of larger rivers, in areas where annual rainfall is less than 500 mm per annum.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Eucalyptus microcarpaRiver Red GumGrey Box
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia spp. WattleMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Carex tereticaulis Sedge RushMTG Cyperus gunnii ssp. gunnii Flecked Flat-sedgeMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grass
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high low LTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high high MNG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low MNG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs beside permanent streams, typically on narrow alluvial deposits. Woodland to 15 m tall generally dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis over a tussock grass-dominated understorey. Tall shrubs may be present and amphibious herbs may occur in occasional ponds and beside creeks. While flooding may be common, sites are rarely inundated for lengthy periods.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high
low LH Rumex crispus Curled Dockhigh low
LH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress high
high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low
MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high
high MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low MTGAnthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass highhigh
MNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high low
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with an understorey of shrubs and grasses, presumed originally quite species-rich. Occurs on well-drained to seasonally damp fertile soils in higher rainfall areas of volcanic plain.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum
Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum
Understorey: Life form
#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 1 15% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Austrostipa pubinodis Tall Spear-grassLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis ssp. filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Gamochaeta purpurea s.s. Spiked Cudweed high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high MNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowSNG Sisyrinchium iridifolium Blue Pigroot high low
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs in seasonally wet depressions on volcanic and sedimentary plains, typically associated with fertile, silty, peaty or heavy clay paludal soils. Primarily sedgy-herbaceous vegetation, sometimes with scattered or fringing eucalypts or tea-tree/paperbark shrubs in higher rainfall areas. A range of aquatic herbs can be present, and species-richness is mostly relatively low to moderate, but higher towards drier margins.
Life Forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 5% LH
Medium Herb 5 40% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNG
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameVariable Willow-herb
MH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Stellaria angustifolia Swamp StarwortMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Wetland Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG v Amphibromus sinuatus Wavy Swamp Wallaby-
grassRecruitment:
Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:10% cover
Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Herbland of permanent to semi-permanent wetlands, dominated by sedges (especially on shallower verges) and/or aquatic herbs. Occurs on fertile paludal soils, typically heavy clays beneath organic accumulations.
Life Forms: Life form
#Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 10% LHMedium Herb 5 40% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 10% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%
LF CodeLH
Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeVillarsia reniformis
Common NameRunning Marsh-flower
MH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Potamogeton pectinatus Fennel PondweedMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Lemna disperma DuckweedLNG Eleocharis sphacelata Tall Spike-sedgeMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge
Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:10% cover
Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high highMH Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Low woodland to 15 m tall with a diverse shrubby understorey and supporting a wide variety of grasses and herbs, making it particularly species-rich. Occurs on gently undulating to flat ground with well-drained shallow lateritic soils of poor fertility.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high
low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low
MH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high
low MTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with an open shrub layer over a grassy ground layer with small sandstone boulders. Occurs on scree slopes a the base of cliffs where soils are generally shallow and the exposed rocky conditions result in relatively dry well- drained conditions.
Large trees:SpeciesCallitris spp.
DBH(cm)40 cm
#/ha
Tree Canopy Cover:% cover Character Species Common
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bushPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Walenbergia stricta s.l. Tall BluebellMH Plantago hispida Hairy plantainMH Gonocarpus elatus Tall RaspwortMH Galium gaudichaudii Rough BedstrawMH Daucus glochidiatus Austral CarrotLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Olea europaea Olive high highMS Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Gazania linearis Gazania high highLH Opuntia robusta Wheel Cactus high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high low MH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high low MH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob high highMH Silene gallica French Catchfly high highMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high highMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt Grass high highMNG Vulpia myuros f. myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high highMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Developed on sites of intermittent waterlogging, typically wet in winter and dry in summer, with low nutrient availability. Closed tall heathland, or scrub if long unburnt. There is a dense ground layer of rushes and sedges, and sometimes emergent eucalypts.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 20% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NamePrickly Tea-tree
MS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeSS Pultenaea stricta Rigid Bush-peaSS Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Grassy or sedgy woodland to 15 m tall with large inter-tussock spaces potentially supporting a range of annual or geophytic herbs adapted to low summer rainfall, with low overall biomass. Mostly occurs on terrain of low relief in areas receiving <600 mm rainfall per annum. Fertile, sometimes seasonally waterlogged, mostly silty, loamy or clay topsoils, with heavy subsoils, derived largely from former Quaternary swamp deposits.
Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp.Allocasuarina luehmannii
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleSS Eutaxia microphylla var. microphylla Common EutaxiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow PlantainMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Daucus glochidiatus Austral CarrotSH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMNG Wurmbea dioica Common Early NancyTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisEP Amyema miquelii Box MistletoeSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high
low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifoliumNarrow-leaf Clover high low
MH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Greater Grampians bioregionEVC 821: Tall Marsh
Description:Closed to open grassland/sedgeland to 3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed and Cumbungi. Small aquatic and semi-aquatic species occur amongst the reeds. Occurs on Quaternary sedimentary geology of mainly estuarine sands, soils are peaty, silty clays, and average annual rainfall is approximately 600 mm. It requires shallow water (to 1 m deep) and low current-scour, and can only tolerate very low levels of salinity.
Life Forms: Life form
#Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 6 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 40% LNGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%
LF CodeLH
Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeMyriophyllum verrucosum
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Woodland or open-forest to 15 m tall, with a sparse shrub layer of heathy, ericoid shrubs and a species-rich ground cover dominated by grasses and annual herbs. Sedges may be locally common. Typically it occurs between the heavier soils of the plains and the deep-sand aeolian dunefields which overlay these plains, but also occurs on broader areas of plains covered by shallow fluvial, outwash or aeolian sands overlaying drainage-impeding clays.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name15% Eucalyptus leucoxylonEucalyptus ovata
Yellow GumSwamp Gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 6 15% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 19 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 13 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheokeMS Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtleMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Hibbertia stricta s.l. Upright Guinea-flowerSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Siloxerus multiflorus Small WrinklewortSH Phyllangium divergens Wiry MitrewortSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG r Xanthorrhoea caespitosa Tufted Grass-treeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Austrodanthonia geniculata Kneed Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma carphoides Black Rapier-sedgeMTG Neurachne alopecuroidea Fox-tail Mulga-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Microtis unifolia Common Onion-orchidTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Aphelia pumilio Dwarf ApheliaTTG Schoenus breviculmis Matted Bog-sedgeSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:20 % cover
Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high
low MH Trifolium campestre var. campestreHop Clover high low
MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high low
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