EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Otway Plain bioregion EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Description: A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt open forest or woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils). Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 15% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF Immature Canopy Tree 5% IT Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% T Medium Shrub 8 20% MS Small Shrub 1 1% SS Prostrate Shrub 2 5% PS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 9 20% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTG Large Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNG Ground Fern 2 10% GF Scrambler or Climber 2 5% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL LF Code T Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Blackwood MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree MS Acacia verticillata Prickly Moses MS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet Bursaria MS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree Everlasting PS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping Bossiaea LH Senecio glomeratus Annual Fireweed MH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common Raspwort MH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf Violet MH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral Cranesbill MH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgee SH Kennedia prostrata Running Postman LTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush LTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass LNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grass MTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily MTG Lepidosperma gladiatum Coast Sword-sedge MNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge GF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken SC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine
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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt open forest or woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils).
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate
StringybarkUnderstorey:
Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 8 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Medicago lupulina Black Medic high
low MH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrelhigh low
LNG Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMNG Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tail Grass high low MNG Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass high
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 6: Sand Heathland
Description:Treeless heathland (or with scattered emergent mallee-form eucalypts) occurring on deep infertile sands. Consists of a low, dense heathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 8 20% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameSilver Banksia
MS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 7: Clay Heathland
Description:Occurs on sites with impeded drainage, often on duplex soils. A variable shrubby EVC dominated by heath species. Occasional emergent eucalypts may be present. The ground layer is dense and diverse with a variety of lifeforms.
Life forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 8 40% MS
Small Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSMedium Herb 7 10% MHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 8: Wet Heathland
Description:A low, generally treeless heathland although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lower slopes, flats or depressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by a range of sedges, grasses and shrubs.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 5 40% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 20% MNGGround Fern 2 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh
Description:Occurs on and immediately above marine and estuarine tidal flats and contains distinct floristic communities as bands or zones in the same location, depending on the positioning of the various floristic communities in relation to the saline environment. Consists of a range of life forms including succulent herbs, low succulent shrubs, rushes and sedges.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 1 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover
65%
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common Name
MS r Avicennia marina ssp. australasica White MangroveSS Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 10: Estuarine Wetland
Description:Grows on anaerobic peat-rich muds on the edges of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediate salinity conditions. Vegetation is determined by fluctuating salinity, which varies in time from occasionally fresh to brackish or occasionally saline according to river flood and marine tide events. Dominated by graminoids and halophytic herbs and often fringed by a tall scrub layer of Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum at the landward edge.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 1 10% MSLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 25% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCTotal understorey projective foliage cover
90%
LF CodeMS MS
Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeLeptospermum lanigerum Melaleuca
Common Name Woolly Tea-tree Scented Paperbark Slender MH Samolus repens Creeping Brookweed
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest
Description:Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity of species and lifeforms in each stratum. Includes a variety of heathy understorey shrubs. It grows on a wide variety of geology and soils.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus obliqua
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest
Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is a low, open forest to 20 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)60 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus tricarpa
Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Eucalyptus obliqua
Red IronbarkMountain Grey-gum Messmate Stringybark
Understorey: Life
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeIT
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua
Messmate StringybarkMountain Grey-gum Manna GumNarrow-leaf
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 20% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Senecio jacobaea Ragwort high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high
low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil high
low MH Medicago lupulina Black Medichigh low
MH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Cerastium spp. Mouse-ear Chickweed high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest
Description:Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sites in gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent. Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)90 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name40% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum
Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeIT
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 30% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 35% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC 30: Wet Forest - Otway Plain bioregion
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-oliveT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Gratiola peruviana Austral BrooklimeSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaLTG Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Variable Sword-sedgeLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG r Isolepis wakefieldiana Tufted Club-sedgeMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Common Filmy FernSC Parsonsia brownii Twining SilkpodSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderately fertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua
Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus baxteri s.l.
Messmate StringybarkNarrow-leaf Peppermint Brown
Understorey: Life
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% T
Medium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 15% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGGround Fern 3 15% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 48: Heathy Woodland
Description:Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian or outwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tall lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except where frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground cover is normally fairly sparse.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)60 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus obliqua
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 53: Swamp Scrub
Description:Closed scrub to 8 m tall at low elevations on alluvial deposits along streams or on poorly drained sites with high nutrient and water availability. Soils vary from organic loams to fine silts and peats which are inundated during the wetter months of the year and is dominated by Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermun lanigerum which often forms a dense impenetrable thicket, out- competing other species. Emergent trees (eg. Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata) may some times be present. Where light penetrates to ground level, a moss/lichen/liverwort herbaceous ground cover is often present.
Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name60% Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree
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For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain Bioregion
EVC 53_62: Estuarine Swamp ScrubDescription:Closed scrub to 6 m tall growing on the edge of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediate salinity and poor drainage conditions. Dominated by Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia with a halophytic (succulent) ground layer dominated by graminoids and herbs. Often occurs in close association with Estuarine Wetland.
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp Paperbark
Understorey: Lifeform Medium Shrub Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate HerbMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall occurring on a number of geologies and soil types. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha10 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover20%
Character SpeciesEucalyptus ovata
Common NameSwamp GumEucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum
Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow BoxEucalyptus viminalis Manna GumEucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 10 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 35% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
LF CodeT
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameBlack Skeoak
T Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grass
LNG
Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:An open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a medium to large shrub layer with a ground layer consisting of amphibious and aquatic herbs and sedges. Occurs along the banks and floodplains of the larger meandering rivers and major creeks, often in conjunction with one or more floodplain wetland communities. Elevation and rainfall are relatively low and soils are fertile alluviums subject to periodic flooding and inundation.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name20% Eucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus ovata
River Red-gumSwamp Gum
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years.
Organic Litter:40 % cover
Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high
high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high highLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high
high LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high
low MH Plantago major Greater Plantainhigh low
MH Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip high highMH Atriplex prostrata Hastate Orache high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high
high MTG Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceous ground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on a wide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid and herbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or system of interconnected small ponds.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)80 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name15% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 3 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
LF CodeT
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameBlackwood
T Acacia retinodes WirildaMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-garss
LNG
Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grass
MNG
Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Salix fragilis Crack Willow high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn low
high MS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Hirschfeldia incana Buchan Weed high
high LH Verbena bonariensis s.l. Purple-top Verbena high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high highLH Conium maculatum Hemlock high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low LH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high
highMH Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLTG Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet high
high MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high highMTG Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high
high SC Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jewhigh high
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses and sedges in the ground layer.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha10 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name10% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 5 25% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
LF CodeT
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameBlackwood
T Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Acacia verticillata ssp. verticillata Prickly MosesMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Rosemary EverlastingLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Persicaria praetermissa Spotted KnotweedMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Leptinella reptans s.l. Creeping CotulaSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH R r Lobelia beaugleholei Showy LobeliaLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf RushMTG Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower RushMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat GrassMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 104: Lignum Swamp
Description:Shrubland to 3 m tall or open woodland to 15 m tall, with an understorey that can be rich in herbaceous species. Occurs on inundation-prone heavy grey soils in depressions or floodways in low rainfall areas.+ woodland on ly components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)
Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 80 cm
Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common
Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum
Life forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 20% MS
Large Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 4 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Muehlenbeckia florulenta LignumLH Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Woodland Swamp-daisyLH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooMH Alternanthera denticulata s.l. Lesser JoyweedMH Myriophyllum muelleri Hooded Water-milfoilSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Lobelia concolor Poison PratiaLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-
grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMTG Juncus subsecundus Finger RushMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge
Recruitment:Episodic/Flood - Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years.
Organic Litter:10 % cover
Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha.
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC 104: Lignum Swamp - Otway Plain bioregion
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high
high LH Cynara cardunculus Spanish Artichoke high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low MTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low
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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 128: Grassy Forest
Description:Low growing forest to 20 m tall with an understorey of small and medium shrubs and a rich diversity of herbs. Large shrubs and understorey trees may also be conspicuous. Often grows in areas transitional between drier box stringybark forests and taller herb-rich forests typical of more favourable environments.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus obliqua
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 132: Plains Grassland
Description:Treeless vegetation dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Shrubs and trees may be also occasionally present.
Life Forms: Life form
#Spp3
%Cover10%
LF codeLHMedium Herb 10 20% MH
Small or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 13 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge
MNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass
Recruitment:
Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:10% cover
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC 132: Plains Grassland - Otway Plain bioregion
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high
high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low
MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high highMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high
low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low
MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high highMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high low
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland
Description:Shrubland to 2 m tall. Confined to protected low energy coastal environments where there is sufficient shelter from strong wave action and currents to allow the accumulation of fine sediments, generally on mud flats within the tidal zone.
Life Forms:Life formMedium Shrub
#Spp1
%Cover40%
LF code
Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover
25%
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A shrubland to 2.2 m tall dominated by Coast Hollyhock and confined to sand dunes on Mutton Bird Island, Port Phillip Bay. The poorly structured sandy soils are subject to intense trampling and tunnelling by sea bird breeding colonies.
Life Forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 40% SS
Large Herb 1 10% LHMedium Non-Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNG
Total understorey projective foliage cover
30%
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameCoast Hollyhock
MS Solanum laciniatum Large Kangaroo AppleMS Atriplex cinerea Coast Saltbush
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain Bioregion
EVC 160: Coastal Dune ScrubDescription:Coastal Dune Scrub occupies the secondary dunes along ocean and bay beaches and lake shores. Closed scrub to 3 m tall with occasional emergent trees on siliceous and calcareous sands that area subject to high levels of saltspray and continuous disturbance from onshore winds.
Understorey: Lifeform Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate HerbMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber
Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.
Organic Litter:40 % cover
Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark
EVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Senecio elegans Purple Groundsel high highMS Rhamnus alaternus Italian Buckthorn high high SC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high high LNG Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMH Galium murale Small Goosegrass high lowMNG Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tail Grass high lowMTG Catapodium rigidum Fern Grass high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear high low
ChickweedMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLH Melilotus indicus Sweet Melilot high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Scrub or low shrubland to 2 m tall on steep, rocky coastal headlands often associated with cliffs exposed to the stresses of extreme salt-laden winds and salt spray from the south west. Occurs on shallow sands along rocky sections of the coast.
Life forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 8 60% MS
Small Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 2 5% MHMedium Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover
65%
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NamePrickly Tea-tree
MS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Correa reflexa Common CorreaMS Leptospermum scoparium ManukaSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellMH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotMTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-
rushSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurel
Recruitment:
Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.
Organic Litter:40 % cover
Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMSLH MH MH MH SH MNG MNG
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:A tussock grassland that may contain emergent shrubs. Occurs on exposed coastal cliffs and bluffs. Soils are saline and the strong salt-laden winds preclude tree growth.
Life Forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 10% MS
Small Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 10% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover
90%
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameCoast Beard-heath
MS Correa alba White CorreaLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. billardierianum Smooth Willow-herbMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high
high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowMH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high
low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low
LTG Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Polypogon monspeliensis Annual Beard-grass high low
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 165: Damp Heath Scrub
Description:Scrub or shrubland to 5 m tall on flat to gently sloping terrain subject to seasonal waterlogging. Dominated by a dense shrub layer and numerous graminoids on generally sandy soils.
Life formsLife form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 7 50% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 175: Grassy Woodland
Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.
Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp.Allocasuarina spp.
70 cm40 cm
15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus radiata s.l.
e Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. bellarinensis Allocasuarina verticillata
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC 175: Grassy Woodland - Otway Plain bioregion
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Allocasuarina littoralis Black SheoakMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Tall GreenhoodMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:20 % cover
Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine high
high T Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum high highMS Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Dominated by low-growing succulents and estuarine species. Occupies broad shallow basins that fill for several months following major floods. The geology is recent aeolian estuarine sands and the rainfall is approximately 600 mm per annum. Soils are grey silty clays.
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt forest or woodland to 15 m tall with sedge-dominated understorey. Occurs on flats along low gradient creeks and drainage lines subject to seasonal inundation and waterlogging in moderately fertile habitats.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus ovata
Eucalyptus obliquaSwamp GumMessmate Stringybark
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 25% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest
Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Herbs may also be abundant where light penetrates the ground layer.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)90 cm
#/ha20 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua
Eucalyptus viminalisMessmate StringybarkManna Gum
Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree
#Spp %Cover5%
LF codeIT
Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 9 20% MSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 20% GFTree Fern 1 15% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall on stony rises (highly irregular terrain on recent basalt flows). Soils are fertile and well-drained but shallow or skeletal. Limited soil development outside of rock-cracks and dry summers promote annuals and deep-rooted perennials.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha15 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name15% Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna Gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 1 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 20% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LH Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle high
high LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high
high LH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972)Black Nightshade high low
MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Veronica persica Persian Speedwell high
low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 233: Wet Sands Thicket
Description:Dense, impenetrable heathy scrub to 5 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs on Tertiary outwash geology on deep sandy grey loams to sands.
Lifeforms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 5 50% MSSmall Shrub 4 10% SSMedium Herb 2 1% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Low shrubland to 1.5 m tall occurring in sheltered coastal areas where sand deposits have formed as a result of low energy wave action. Contains a number of halophytic species over a ground layer of grasses and herbs.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 2 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 2 10% MHSmall Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs in seasonally wet depressions on volcanic and sedimentary plains, typically associated with fertile, silty, peaty or heavy clay paludal soils. Primarily sedgy-herbaceous vegetation, sometimes with scattered or fringing eucalypts or tea-tree/paperbark shrubs in higher rainfall areas. A range of aquatic herbs can be present, and species-richness is mostly relatively low to moderate, but higher towards drier margins.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 40% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNG
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameVariable Willow-herb
MH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Stellaria angustifolia Swamp StarwortMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH v Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps) Pale Swamp EverlastingSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Wetland Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG v Amphibromus sinuatus Wavy Swamp Wallaby-
grassRecruitment:
Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:10% cover
Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 821: Tall Marsh
Description:Occurs on Quaternary sedimentary geology of mainly estuarine sands, soils are peaty, silty clays, and average annual rainfall is approximately 600 mm. Requires shallow water (to 1 m deep) and low current-scour, and can only tolerate very low levels of salinity. Closed to open grassland/sedgeland to 3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed and Cumbungi. Small aquatic and semi- aquatic species occur amongst the reeds, however they are generally not visible during inundation.
Life Forms: Life form
#Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 20% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 40% LNGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%
LF CodeLH
Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeMyriophyllum verrucosum
Common NameRed Water-milfoil
LH Myriophyllum salsugineum Lake Water-milfoilLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Rumex bidens Mud DockMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisMH Lepilaena bilocularis Small-fruit Water-matSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Wolffia australiana Tiny DuckweedSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flowerSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedLTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsLNG Typha orientalis Broad-leaf CumbungiLNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMNG Lepilaena cylindrocarpa Long-fruit Water-matMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge
Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Weediness:LF CodeMH MNG
Typical Weed Species Cotula coronopifolia Paspalum distichum
Common Name Water Buttons Water Couch
Invasivehigh hi
Impact high high
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC 300: Tall Marsh - Otway Plain bioregion
Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007
This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland
Description:Rivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky stream bed or broad gravel banks which are often dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters. There is a sparse overstorey of trees to 15 m tall, a dominant tall shrub layer and a ground layer of sedges and herbs.
Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.
DBH(cm)70 cm
#/ha10 / ha
Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common
Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 12 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 5 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL
NGMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass
MNG
Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed
Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark
EVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland - Otway Plain bioregion
Recruitment:Continuous
Organic Litter:40 % cover
Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn low highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highMS Ulex europaeus Gorse low highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high
low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tonguehigh low
LH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high low MH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Plantago major Greater Plantain high
low SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Cloverhigh low
LTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high
low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low
MTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high lowMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high lowSC Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Vetch high www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Near-coastal, deep calcareous (alkaline) and largely stable sand dunes and swales commonly dominated by Moonah Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata. It occurs at low elevations of 20-60 m above sea level, average annual rainfall is approximately 550- 950 mm, and it occurs on a variety of geologies and soil types. Low woodland or tall shrubland to 8 m tall, typically with amedium shrub layer, small shrub layer and sedges, grasses and herbs in the ground layer.
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 863: Floodplain Reedbed
Description:A closed to open grassland to 2–3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed. Small aquatic and semi-aquatic species occur amongst the reeds. It occurs on swamps on river plains, especially the lower reaches of the floodplain. Soils are Quaternary stream alluvium with floodplain and low level terrace deposits consisting of silt, clay and peat. Swamp Paperbark frequently fringes the margins of these reed beds.
Life Forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 5% MS
Large Herb 2 10% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 30% LNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCTotal understorey projective foliage cover
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain Bioregion
EVC 879: Coastal Dune GrasslandDescription:Consists of grasses and halophytes (succulents) that colonise the foredunes of ocean beaches. Soils are siliceous sands that have a very low humus content.
Understorey: Lifeform Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate HerbMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMNG Thinopyrum junceiforme Sea Wheat-grass high high
Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark
EVC 879: Coastal Dune Grassland
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high high MH Leontodon taraxacoides subsp. Hairy Hawkbit high low
taraxacoidesLNG Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Treeless EVC dominated by sedges and herbs that are generally indicative of saline conditions. True halophytic species such as samphires, if present, only occur with very low cover. Occurs in estuaries and along poorly defined drainage lines or associated with shorelines of brackish lakes.
Life Forms: Life
#Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 1 5% LH
Medium Herb 3 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs within shallow depressions on otherwise flat terrain, where annual rainfall is approximately 600 mm. Geology is Quaternary sedimentary estuarine sands, and soils are silty clays, subject to periodic freshwater flooding. Varies from an open shrubland to grassland/sedgeland or herbland depending on site characteristics.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeMedium Shrub 1 10% MSMedium Herb 4 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 20% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 20% MNGSoil Crust na 10 % S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover
• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.
Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Description:Occurs in seasonally wet depressions on volcanic and sedimentary plains, typically associated with fertile, silty, peaty or heavy clay paludal soils. Primarily sedgy-herbaceous vegetation, sometimes with scattered or fringing eucalypts or tea-tree/paperbark shrubs in higher rainfall areas. A range of aquatic herbs can be present, and species-richness is mostly relatively low to moderate, but higher towards drier margins.
Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF
codeLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 40% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNG
LF Code
Species typical of at least part of EVC range
Common NameVariable Willow-herb
MH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH v Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps) Pale Swamp EverlastingSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeLTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Wetland Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG v Amphibromus sinuatus Wavy Swamp Wallaby-
grassRecruitment:
Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.
Organic Litter:10% cover
Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain Bioregion
EVC 952: Estuarine ReedbedDescription:Estuarine Reedbed occurs in areas that are semi-permanently inundated by moderately saline water, on anaerobic silts and clays. It is strongly dominated by Common Reed, often with very few, if any, other species. Where present, these include a range of salt-tolerant herbs, sedges and rushes. Estuarine Reedbed commonly borders estuarine wetland, which is dominated by Sea Rush.
Understorey: Lifeform Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Non-Tufted Graminoid
#Spp %Cover LF Code2 5% MH1 5% SH1 50% LNG
LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortSH Apium prostratum subsp. prostratum Sea CeleryLNG Bolboschoenus caldwellii Salt Club-sedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common Reed
Recruitment:Continuous.
Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Chenopodium albumLH Aster subulatusMH Atriplex prostrata
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
www.dse.vic.gov.au
EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment
Otway Plain bioregionEVC 953: Estuarine Scrub
Description:Closed scrub to 6 m tall growing on the edge of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediate salinity and poor drainage conditions. Dominated by Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum with a halophytic (succulent) ground layer dominated by graminoids and herbs. Often occurs in close association with Estuarine Wetland.
Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree
Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 2 10% MSMedium Herb 3 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 60%
LF CodeMS
Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeRhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana
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Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.
For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.