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Evangelism Made Personal Motives, Perspectives, And Suggestions For Personal Evangelism MARK A. COPELAND
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Apr 15, 2018

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Page 1: Evangelism Made Personal - The NTSLibrary Books/Evangelism Made Personal.pdf · Evangelism Made Personal Motives, Perspectives, ... subject of evangelism, still do very little with

Evangelism Made

Personal

Motives, Perspectives, And SuggestionsFor Personal Evangelism

MARK A. COPELAND

Mark A Copeland
You may use, copy, or distribute this material, provided you do it free of charge. "Freely you have received, freely give." (Matthew 10:8) Perhaps you will find it feasible for sermon preparation, teaching Bible classes, or your own personal study of God's Word. Mark A. Copeland [email protected] ExecutableOutlines.com Hundreds of free sermons and Bible studies!
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Evangelism Made PersonalTable Of Contents

The Objective In This Study 3

Having The Right Motivation In Evangelism 4

Perspectives For Success In Evangelism 9

Increasing Opportunities To Share The Gospel 15

Building Courage To Tell Others About Christ 22

Principles For Teaching In Evangelism 25

Available Resources For Teaching Others 29

Being Hearers Of The Word, Not Doers Only (Sheet 1) 32

Being Hearers Of The Word, Not Doers Only (Sheet 2) 33

Concluding Remarks 34

This material is from ExecutableOutlines.com, a web site containing sermon outlinesand Bible studies by Mark A. Copeland. Visit the web site to browse or downloadadditional material for church or personal use.

The outlines were developed in the course of my ministry as a preacher of the gospel.Feel free to use them as they are, or adapt them to suit your own personal style. ToGod be the glory!

Executable Outlines, Copyright © Mark A. Copeland, [email protected]

Mark A. Copeland

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Evangelism Made PersonalThe Objective In This Study(What To Expect In The Lessons To Follow)

The approach taken in this study devoted to the subject of evangelism varies somewhat from what youmight normally expect to find. It is an effort to overcome the sort of problems that often followspecial classes on personal work. Such problems as:

w People losing their evangelistic zeal soon after the study is over, or soon after anyefforts are made to try to reach others for Christ

w People who do not have the ability to teach being made to feel as though they arenot as dedicated to the Lord as those who do teach

w People going out to teach before they are really prepared to teach, and often doingmuch harm in the process

w People who are unable to teach not being shown how they can greatly assist thosewho are able to teach

w Efforts in evangelism being carried out without being accompanied by ademonstration of the truth of the gospel in our own lives

In trying to overcome these and similar problems, this study is based upon the followingassumptions:

w If people can be properly motivated and maintain a positive perspective, they willdo whatever they can in this enterprise we call “evangelism”, both now and in thefuture

w The Lord does not expect everyone to be a “teacher” in the formal sense of theword (Ja 3:1; 1 Co 12:29; Ro 12:3-8; 1 Pe 4:10:11), and we fail to appreciatethe diversity of function in the Lord’s body (the church) if we expect everybody tobecome a teacher

w Developing the ability to teach comes only with time, study, and training, which is farbeyond the scope of any one course in evangelism

w Those who may not be able to teach can still do a lot to greatly enhance theopportunities for others to teach, if only shown how

w The most effective method of evangelism is one where the verbalization of thegospel is preceded by the incarnation of the gospel (i.e., demonstrating the truth ofthe gospel in our lives before we try to preach it to others)

All may not agree with some of these assumptions. Given more time and experience, I myself maychange some of these views. But for now, and for the purpose of introducing this study, these remarksmay help to explain the direction this study takes...

Mark A. Copeland

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Evangelism Made PersonalHaving The Right Motivation In Evangelism

(The “Steam” That Drives The Train)

With the right motivation behind our efforts in evangelism, the job will get done. Whenever evangelismdoes not occur, lack of motivation (or in some cases, improper motivation) is always at the root of theproblem! WHAT IS "MOTIVATION?"

As defined by Denis Waitley in his book, The Joy Of Working...

w “Motivation is an inner drive, an idea captured in the imagination.”

w “Motivation can be harnessed to an intense drive toward a goal.”

w “Men and women who are motivated push themselves forward, plow through theinevitable setbacks, heading ever onward to their dreams.”

w “Motivation is essential to succeeding in any endeavor you try.”

Motivation is like “steam.” Properly channeled it can move large objects, like a steam powered train.But without it, the train remains motionless. All the careful construction in preparation for travel is fornothing if there is no steam to propel the train.

So it is with us. If motivated and properly channeled, great things can be done in the area ofevangelism. Unfortunately, many people, despite all of the spiritual education they have received on thesubject of evangelism, still do very little with what they know. The reason? Lack of proper motivation!

What should be our motivation in evangelism? Well, what motivated Jesus? Certainly He wassuccessful in reaching His goals. Since He is to be our example (1 Pe 2:21), whatever motivated Himshould be the motivating force driving His disciples.

At least five things moved our Lord in reaching out to the lost. The first was . . .

COMPASSION FOR LOST SOULS

Jesus was moved with compassion when He saw the mass of lost souls (Mt 9:35-36; 14:14; 15:32).Such compassion motivated Him to do two things.

w First, to ask His disciples to pray that God might “send out laborers into Hisharvest” (Mt 9:37-38).

w Then, to do something about it Himself (that is, to select and send out His apostles(Mt 10:1,5-7).

Mark A. Copeland

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Do we ever find ourselves filled with compassion for the lost? And doing something about it? If we canonly have this same compassion for lost souls, we will not rest till we are doing something to save theirsouls!

How can we develop or strengthen this compassion for lost souls? The best way is let God teach usto love, as He did with the Thessalonians (1 Th 4:9). This He does through the example of Christ (1Jn 3:16-17). Therefore, that the more we meditate upon God's love for us as manifested in His Son’ssacrifice, the more we will come to love others!

It also helps to be around people. To love people, you have to get to know them. When we do, wecan begin to appreciate the saying attributed to Will Rogers, “I never met a man I did not like.” Sobeware of becoming “wrapped up in your own little world.” Remember that Jesus was one to becomeinvolved with “the multitudes.”

Have we allowed the love of God to fill our hearts with compassion for the multitude of lost and dyingsouls? Are we making an effort to be around people and getting to know them?Jesus also had...

A SENSE OF PURPOSE

This motivating force is seen in our Lord’s conversation with the Samaritan woman at the well. Whilespeaking with her, his disciples marveled at what His motive might be (Jn 4:27). Jesus explained: “Todo the will of Him who sent Me...to accomplish His work” (Jn 4:34).

He stated this same purpose in life on many other occasions (Jn 5:30,36; 6:38; 17:4; 19:28-30). Andwhat was the will of His Father? To save a dying world (Jn 3:16). To “seek and save the lost” (Lk19:10).

Do we have this same “sense of purpose” in our lives? To put first the Father's will? Jesus taught thatwe should (Mt 6:10,33). But people often have different purposes for living. The “workaholics”make their jobs their purpose in life. Many make their families, friends or hobbies the reason for living.

But the right purpose comes from studying God's Word. As we understand God’s will for us, welearn that our purpose for being His special people centers around proclaiming the praises of Him whocalled us (1 Pe 2:9-10). One way we do this, of course, is through evangelism. Have we let the Word of God develop within us the "right sense of purpose"? If not, our motivation willbe inadequate!

Another force that moved our Lord was...

THE LOVE OF THE FATHERJesus had experienced “the love of the Father,” which prompted Him to love others (Jn 15:9). But itwent beyond that. This “love” was such that He wanted to share it with others (Jn 17:26), even if itwas necessary for Him to go the cross to make it possible!

Mark A. Copeland

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Have we experienced “the love of the Father” in our lives? If so, how can we not be moved(motivated) to want to share it with others? Is it not worth sharing? Of course it is! But if we mustconfess that our sense of the Father's love is not as strong as we would like, how can we develop agreater sense of God's love for us?

The way to experience the Father's love is to keep the commandments of Jesus (Jn 14:21,23). Amost important commandment in this regard is the one to love one another as Christ loved us (Jn15:12). This is because loving one another is crucial to experiencing the love of the Father in our lives.As John wrote: “If we love one another, God abides in us, and His love has been perfected in us” (1 Jn4:12).

Another way to increase our experience of the Father’s love is to make our love for Jesus stronger.This is because the Father’s love for us is directly related to our love for Jesus (Jn 16:27). How canone increase their love for Jesus? The best way is to spend time learning more about Him from theWord of God.

Have we experienced the Father’s love by loving Jesus and keeping His commandments (esp. lovingone another)? If not, we will not have much worth sharing, nor be motivated to share it!

We can also add to our list of the things that motivated Jesus...

THE TERROR OF THE LORD

Jesus was very much aware of God's “righteous indignation.” He taught that we should “fear” God (Mt10:28). He warned of the judgment to come (Mk 9:43-48). Knowing the “terror of the Lord”, Jesuswas willing to go to the cross that man might be saved. He even prayed for those crucifying Him (Lk23:34).

Are we willing to make the effort to save others, like Jesus? We may not have to die for them...but arewe even willing to speak to them? Or could it be that we don't take the “terror of the Lord” as seriousas Jesus’ early disciples did (cf. 2 Co 5:11)?

How can we develop a healthy appreciation for “the terror of the Lord?” By frequent meditating uponthe Word of God, especially those portions which describe God’s judgments in the past (cf. 2 Pe 2:4-9), and that provide warnings of the Judgment Day to come (2 Th 1:7-10; Re 20:12-15; 21:8).

Have we, like many, become complacent to the fact that there will be a day of judgment andcondemnation? Could it be we have not let the Word of God have its true affect on our lives? A lackof concern and involvement in trying to reach the lost for Christ would certainly imply this to be thecase!

Finally, we see that the Lord was moved by...

THE JOY SET BEFORE HIM

Mark A. Copeland

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As expressed by the writer of Hebrews (He 12:2), Jesus was motivated by the joyful prospect of beingwith His Father, at His Right Hand. Notice that this enabled Him to “endure the cross” and “despise theshame.”

Does not the prospect of spending eternity with God move us to do what we can to save souls? Itmust, if we also are to be willing to “endure the cross” or “despise the shame” that might be involved inevangelism!

To increase our level of appreciating what lies ahead for the faithful, contemplation upon what Godhas prepared for us as described in the Word of God is recommended Especially helpful are thosescenes pictured in Re 7:13-17; 21:1-7.

It also helps to think of what God will do for those we reach. Paul did, as he describes in 1 Th 2:19-20; and it no doubt gave him great joy that helped him to press on teaching others.

CONCLUSION

The ability to press on...this is the value of proper motivation. Remember our earlier definition ofmotivation?

"Men and women who are motivated push themselves forward, plow throughthe inevitable setbacks, heading ever onward to their dreams."

Such was case with our Lord...He fulfilled His goals, being motivated by:

w Compassion for lost souls

w A strong sense of purpose

w The love of the Father

w The terror of the Lord

w The joy set before Him

Since Jesus is the author and finisher of our faith (He 12:2), we should be “looking unto Jesus” for themotivation we need to do His will. We should “consider Him” (He 12:3), lest we become weary anddiscouraged in doing God's will.

The early church looked to Jesus, and found the motivation necessary to grow as they did. We can dothe same today!

It should be apparent by now that the key to developing and strengthening the proper motivation is tolet the Word of God have its intended effect upon us. But if Christians are not daily reading, studying,and meditating upon the Word of God, then how can we ever hope to stay motivated like Jesus,Paul and the early church were?

Mark A. Copeland

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If we do read, study, and meditate upon the Word of God, then we will be like Jeremiah...who at firstmight have made excuses (Jer 1:6), but as he fed upon the Word found great joy (Jer 15:16). Somuch so, that when ridiculed for speaking, he first tried to refrain, but found that he just couldn't keep itin (Jer 20:7-9)!

May we also allow God’s Word and the example of Jesus to motivate us in evangelizing the lost!

Mark A. Copeland

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Evangelism Made PersonalPerspectives For Success In Evangelism

(Maintaining A Positive Attitude)

It is important to maintain certain perspectives while engaging in the enterprise we call “evangelism.”Many people start out with great enthusiasm, but often get discouraged and in some cases becomeapathetic. This happens even to those who are highly skilled in teaching others.

The problem is one that Zig Ziegler might call “stinkin’ thinkin’.” Armed with the wrong perspectives(or way of looking at things), many personal workers eventually lose heart. Before long, evangelisticefforts dwindle and in some cases stop altogether.

What follows are some perspectives that have helped me to keep a positive attitude about doingpersonal work.

THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD IS AT WORK!

In nearly every example of conversion found in the Book of Acts, God worked in some way to createthe opportunity for the person to hear the gospel. For example, Philip was sent toward Gaza where hewould meet the Ethiopian Eunuch (Acts 8). The Lord saw to it that Saul and Ananias would gettogether (Acts 9); likewise, that the household of Cornelius would have a chance to hear the gospelfrom Peter (Acts 10). The evangelization of Europe that started with the conversion of Lydia and thePhilippian Jailor occurred after the “Macedonian Call” led Paul and his companions in that direction(Acts 16).

Granted, these circumstances are in keeping with the miraculous events in establishing the Lord’schurch, but I believe they illustrate a principle that is just as valid for us today. That principle is this: TheLord, who knows the hearts of all men and seeks those who are seeking Him (cf. 2 Chr 16:9), willmake sure that those who “hunger and thirst for righteousness” will somehow be “filled” (Mt 5:6).

This is where the providence of God comes in. When the Lord knows there are people who wouldbe receptive to the gospel (e.g., those in Corinth, Ac 18:9-11), He will “open doors” to give those whoare seeking the truth the opportunity to be reached by those who are prepared to do the teaching. Itmay not happen immediately, but I am persuaded that if there is someone who is “asking, seeking, andknocking” for the truth, the Lord will see to it that at some point in that person’s life they will have anopportunity to hear the gospel. It is encouraging to know that we are not alone in our efforts to lead the lost to Christ. God will see thatevery soul who has an honest, good, and seeking heart will one day come across someone who isprepared to explain the Gospel to him or her. Indeed, when we engage in evangelism, we are “God'sfellow workers” (1 Co 3:5-9).

Of course, how useful we can be to the Lord leads us to the second perspective for success inevangelism...

Mark A. Copeland

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GOD “OPENS DOORS” FOR PREPARED WORKERS!

The Scriptures often speak of the Lord “opening doors” for His servants who are ready to serve Him.Paul wrote about an “open door” of opportunity that prompted him to remain longer at Ephesus (1 Co16:9). He even wrote of one occasion where there was an “open door,” but circumstances were suchthat he did not take advantage of it (2 Co 2:12-13). From the Lord’s remarks to the church in Philadelphia, we learn that the Lord opens doors for thosepeople He can use (Re 3:8). The implication regarding evangelism is this: If we desire to be used bythe Lord in His providence to reach those who are seeking the truth, then we must prepareourselves to be useful (cf. 2 Ti 2:19-21)!

The principle of preparation applies to both individuals and congregations. Individuals must preparethemselves to be able to teach, or to lead souls to those ready to teach. But congregations must also beready to assimilate new converts into the family of God where they can be nurtured and protectedduring a vital stage of their newfound life.

Many congregations may not find “open doors” to reach others because they have not preparedthemselves to be a place where “babes in Christ” will be cared for properly. Do we really believe thatthe Lord through His providence would “open doors” for a congregation filled with “carnal Christians”who would only devour the new Christian? The Lord might often have to wait a long time beforeprovidentially working to see that a truth seeker has an opportunity to hear the gospel. Of course, wewould anticipate in such cases that the Lord would use His providence to spare the truth seeker's lifeuntil there are people ready to teach and receive him or her into the family of God.

Whether or not the last point is true, the following is still valid and encouraging: If we will “prepare”ourselves to be useful to the Lord, His providence will "open doors" of opportunity for us toreach those in our community who have honest and good hearts that are seeking for the truth.

An important part of preparation involves another “perspective”...

PRAYER IS THE “CATALYST” IN EVANGELISM!

If the providence of God is at work and it involves the lives of those who are prepared to be used aswell as those who are seeking the truth, it should be easy to see that prayer would play an importantrole. In the conversion of Cornelius, it was his prayers that prompted God to take notice (Ac 10:1-4),and it was a man given to prayer that the Lord chose to use in order to reach him (Ac 10:9). Sometimes much preparation for evangelism is not too different from preparing to make a sales pitch. Itis almost as though people think that if you follow the right procedure with anyone, the desired resultsmust necessarily follow. Certainly that is no one's intention. Yet, prayer is not often stressed in manybooks on how to do evangelism. In contrast, we find Paul teaching the Colossians to pray that Godwould open a door for the Word (Co 4:3).

Mark A. Copeland

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Think of prayer as a “catalyst,” one that starts the process of God's providence in bringing together thelost but seeking soul with the prepared and seeking servant of the Lord. When we have preparedourselves to be useful to the Lord and then diligently pray “Lord, lead me to some soul today,” doorswill open and we will begin to find souls who themselves have been praying and who will be receptive tothe gospel!

Now for some “perspectives” that are especially crucial to maintaining a high level of enthusiasm andpersistence in evangelism. From The Parable Of The Sower and elsewhere in the Scriptures we canlearn some more things that can help:

w Remove the discouragement and prevent the apathy that paralyzes so many today

w Instill enthusiasm in serving as laborers in the vineyard of the Lord!

The parable itself is found in Lk 8:4-8, and the explanation is found in Lk 8:11-15 (please read). Thefirst principle we can glean from this parable is that...

THE POWER IS IN THE SEED (WORD)!

The Word of God has always been capable of influencing people, accomplishing its intended purpose(Isa 55:10-11). As the author of Hebrews wrote, it is both “alive and powerful” (He 4:12). This isespecially true of the Gospel of Christ, the “power of God unto salvation” (Ro 1:16).

If people are going to be truly converted, it will not be through smooth speech or fancy presentationsinvolving “hi-tech” equipment, but through the life-changing truth of the gospel. We can certainly usemodern aids to present the gospel, but we must make sure that they are faithfully communicating theWord.

True conversion (which involves a spiritual regeneration) will occur only if we plant the proper “seed.”Perhaps we don't get the desired result, because we don't sow the right seed!

But even when we plant the proper seed, we often do not see the desired results. Understanding thereason why helps one to maintain the right perspective...

THE RESULTS DEPEND UPON THE TYPE OF SOIL!

In the Parable of The Sower, we see that the same seed, when sown, produced different results. Oneresult was no reaction whatsoever. Two others had only temporary success. Only one out of the fourresulted in bearing fruit!

w Where lies the blame?

w Upon the SEED? No!

w Upon the SOWER? No!

w Upon the TYPE OF SOIL? Yes!

Mark A. Copeland

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This illustrates where the area of responsibility lies. The sower fulfills his responsibility by sowing theseed (Eze 3:17-19). If the soil rejects the seed, the soil is responsible; the sower should not feelaccountable (Mt 10:14-15; Ac 13:44-46).

The positive implication is this: Every time we sow the seed, we are successful! If a person rejectsit, we have not failed, they have!

What is the significance of this perspective of evangelism? We need to learn the joy of sharing theWord for its own sake! There is joy in sharing Christ with others (we've got good news!), whether ornot people accept Him (we are glad to serve our Lord in this way!). Of course, we are delighted whensomeone believes and truly accepts Jesus as the Lord of their lives, but we should consider it as the“icing on the cake.” Even if we don't experience the “icing,” we can still enjoy the “cake!”

Another significance of this principle concerns our goals. They should center on how many are beingtaught, not converted! Too often, we make the number of baptisms (conversions) the measure ofsuccess or even faithfulness on the part of the teacher. But even the most faithful teachers may findthemselves in circumstances like Jeremiah or Jesus, where very few people gave heed to their message.Shall we count them failures? Rather, let us count them faithful, if they have faithfully sowed the seed!

Closely related to all this is the perspective concerning...

THE PLACE OF THE SOWER

As illustrated in the parable and elsewhere, we are simply “seed-throwers” and “water-boys” (cf. 1 Co3:5-7). One may plant the seed, another may water, but it is God (through His Word in a receptiveheart) Who gives the increase! Because of this, there is no place for boasting about numbers of peoplebeing converted.

But there is another significance to this. God can even use “defective” seed-throwers (cf. Ph 1:15-18).Not only defective in motive (as seen in the text), but also in experience! This is because the power isin the seed, not the sower!

Therefore we should not feel like we have to be an accomplished salesman to present the Gospel. Eventhose who tremble and may not be eloquent can be used by the Lord to reach others (cf. 1 Co 2:1-5).

And then there is...

THE PRINCIPLE OF SOWING AND REAPING

In 2 Co 9:6 we find this principle stated, and it easily seen in many different areas of life:

w In sales, the ratio of success is often one sale out of nine calls.

w In acting, the ratio can be as high as one job out of thirty auditions, even forsuccessful actors.

Mark A. Copeland

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w In The Parable Of The Sower, only one out of four produced favorable results.

Successful people in different walks of life understand that the key to success is to increase the numberof their efforts. The conclusion for us is obvious: If we desire to reap more, we must be willing to sowmore! Many people fail in the area of evangelism because they “sow sparingly” and get discouraged bythe meager results.

If we increase the level of sowing, the level of reaping will rise proportionately. But again, to avoiddiscouragement, we need to set goals on how many are taught, not on how many are converted!

Finally, one last perspective for success in evangelism...

QUITE OFTEN, ONE SOWS AND ANOTHER REAPS!

Winning souls involves both “sowing” and “reaping.” Jesus used these terms in talking to His disciplesas recorded in Jn 4:35-38. Exactly what is the difference between “sowing” and “reaping?”

Sowing is the work necessary to one day being able to reap! In agriculture, sowing involves preparingthe soil and planting the seed. In winning souls to Christ, sowing likewise involves preparation andplanting:

w In which the hearts are being prepared for the reception of the gospel

w In which the hearts are first introduced to the gospel and its principles

Reaping is the actual “harvesting” of what has been sown. In agriculture, reaping is the collection of thefruits which have produced by the sowing. In winning souls, reaping is that harvesting which occurswhen souls who have had the Word planted in their hearts decide to obey it!

What is important to appreciate is the statement quoted by Jesus in Jn 4:37, “One sows and anotherreaps.” Those who sow do not always witness the reaping that may one day occur. And many timesthose who reap are benefiting from the efforts of those who did the sowing before them. In evangelism,this means that oftentimes you will be sowing the seed and it may appear that you are not getting anyresults. But some time later those souls you were trying to reach may decide to finally obey the gospeland another Christian may actually do the reaping in your place! Then again, there will be times whenpeople just sort of “fall into your lap,” ready and anxious to obey the gospel with little effort on yourpart. In this case, you are reaping what others have sown!

The point to keep in mind is that evangelism involves both “sowing” and “reaping,” and there will betimes when what you sow will be reaped by someone else. Let this be an encouragement to you whenit appears that you are not reaping as you would hope. You might actually be making it much easier forsome brother or sister in the future!

CONCLUSION

Mark A. Copeland

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An important element of success in personal work is perseverance. Those who persist in sowing theseed eventually bear fruit. The problem with many people is wrong perspectives and negative attitudes.That translates into failure, no matter what the task is at hand.

It is hoped that the perspectives shared above can help us maintain the positive attitude necessary topersevere until Harvest Time is no more!

Mark A. Copeland

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Evangelism Made PersonalIncreasing Opportunities To Share The Gospel

(An Approach That Works!)

The importance of sharing the gospel of Christ with those who are lost cannot be overemphasized.Jesus wants everyone to hear the good news of salvation (Mk 16:15-16), and has provided the gospelas God's power to save all who believe it (Ro 1:16-17).

But what is the most effective way to reach people today? The Institute For American Church Growthasked over 10,000 people this question: “What was responsible for your coming to Christ and thischurch?” Their replies were:

w I had a special need - 3%

w I just walked in - 3%

w I liked the minister - 6%

w I visited there - 1%

w I liked the Bible classes - 5%

w I attended a gospel meeting - 0.5%

w I liked the programs - 3%

w A friend or relative invited me - 79%

What can we learn from a survey like this? It does appear to confirm that gospel meetings astraditionally held have lost their effectiveness in reaching the lost. It also seems to justify churches’concern to pick their preachers carefully and to give special regard to the quality of their Bible classes.

The obvious point of the survey is this: If churches are to grow, it will be through the efforts ofindividual members! Preachers, programs, classes may help, but in most cases they will only maintainthe size of the congregation. Such congregational efforts are worthwhile, however, for they can reachpeople with whom we might otherwise never come in contact. But the fact remains: The greatestpotential lies with those people who have some contact with members of the localcongregation.

Each of us have daily contact with tens of people who need the gospel of Christ. In addition to effortsdesigned to reach people "en masse" (via television, radio, mail), we need to utilize the contacts madethrough the members. In other words, the ideal would be to provide a “two-pronged” approach toevangelism. Unfortunately, when a special effort is being made to reach out to the masses, the tendencyin most congregations is to neglect the opportunities to follow up contacts made through the members.

Two fundamental things are needed to utilize the contacts made through individual members of thecongregation:

Mark A. Copeland

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w Concern for the lost by those members (Mt 9:36-38; Ro 9:1-3; 10:1)

w Knowledge of how we can increase our opportunities to share the gospel withthose with whom we frequently come into contact

Assuming that the concern is there, what follows are suggestions with accompanying “action steps” onhow anyone who is a Christian can increase opportunities for the gospel to be shared with theirrelatives, friends, neighbors, and others. These suggestions will be based upon observations of what hasconsistently proven fruitful in other places and are confirmed by the results of the aforementionedsurvey.

The first suggestion, along with its “action steps,” is to . . .

DO THINGS WHICH MAKE FOR A CARING CONGREGATION

This suggestion is important if our efforts in evangelism are going to be fruitful in the long run. First,because it will help to confirm our claim to be true disciples of Jesus Christ (notice Jn 13:35). Correctdoctrine, organization, worship, etc., are certainly important; but it is our love for one another that theLord intended to convince the world that we are truly the disciples of Christ!

Also, our love makes us useful to the Lord! From Re 3:7-8 we learn that the Lord knows the truecondition of His churches, and that He will “open doors” for those that can be useful to Him. If we area church that can be used by Him to:

w Reach others with the gospel

w Assimilate them into the family of God

w Nurture them in their spiritual growth

. . . then He will “open doors” for us as well!

But suppose we are not a place where new Christians can grow spiritually in an atmosphere of love?Do we seriously think that the Lord will use His providence to lead us to souls who are seeking for thetruth? Even if we did reach souls for Christ, would they receive the spiritual nourishment necessary toremain faithful and strong in the Lord’s service?

Then finally, it is important to practice hospitality towards Christians because it prepares us for the kindof personal work that is the most effective in leading others to Christ. I am referring to “friendship”evangelism (also known as “relationship” or “lifestyle” evangelism), which will require a willingness to behospitable and giving to those we are trying to reach. If we are unable (or unwilling) to practicehospitality towards our brethren, what makes us think we will practice it towards the lost?

So the first thing to do is make sure that as a church we provide the right kind of loving and caringspiritual environment. Here are some "action steps" that one can take:

w Make it a point to get to know all the members and regular visitors by name

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ü Get a church directory and begin to place names with faces

ü Try to learn someone new at each service until you know them all

w Practice hospitality towards the members and regular visitors - 1 Pe 4:8-9

ü Invite them into your home, or out to eat (set a goal of one new family ormember per month)

ü Visit other Christians each week (esp. the sick, shut-ins, new members, absentmembers)

When a congregation is filled with loving members who care for its own, it is ready to be used by theLord to reach out and care for others!

Where does one begin in trying to reach the lost? Try this...

MAKE A LIST OF SOULS YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE TAUGHT

Making a list may not seem important, but it is! It utilizes a very helpful technique used by peoplesuccessful in all walks of life (i.e., having a things to do list). For us, it helps to focus our attention uponthose we hope to reach for the Lord, and not neglect them.

In making up this list, one should observe the following suggestions:

w Start with those who are close to you and work outwardly:

ü Family

ü Friends

ü Coworkers

ü Neighbors

ü Relatives of fellow church members

ü Regular visitors to the services of the church

ü Casual acquaintances (mailman, store clerk, etc.)

w Limit this list to five or eight souls (a list with too many and you will not be able tofocus your efforts effectively).

w Give priority to those who are the "unchurched"

ü I.e., who are not active members of any denomination or particular religion

ü Active members of a denomination or religion are often very satisfied with theirhuman traditions and are not as receptive to the pure and simple gospel ofChrist

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w Husbands and wives might best just have one list (as the suggestions to follow willrequire their joint cooperation)

Keep this list where you will see it daily. This will help you to be constantly reminded of thesepeople and thereby more likely to do the things mentioned next...

PRAY FOR THESE SOULS ON YOUR LIST DAILY

Why pray? First, that God will work together with you....

w To give you opportunities to do good for them - 1 Co 3:5-7; Co 4:3

w To give you the wisdom to make the most of those opportunities - Co 4:4-6

w To give you boldness to say what needs to be said - Ep 6:18-20

Also, that those on your list will...

w Have the opportunity to hear the truth

w Have honest hearts to be open and receptive to the truth

Remember, it is God who gives the increase when it comes to evangelism. We are but servants whomGod can use in His providential workings. So though we may work as though it all depends upon us, letus pray as though it all depends upon God!

The next step will take the most time in effective evangelism...

DO THINGS WHICH DEMONSTRATE YOUR LOVE FOR THEM

The importance of this suggestion is seen in the following statement: “People don't care how much weknow until they know how much we care!” A demonstration of love will make a person more likelyto be receptive to the gospel of love when it is shared (cf. 1 Pe 2:12). By observing our good worksthey will more likely “glorify God” by obeying the gospel when they hear it. In other words, our loveand good works will help prepare the "soil" to be as receptive as possible when the “seed” is finallysown. Some “action steps” to take might be...

w Invite them into your home for a dinner or snack

w Visit them, especially in times of trial or sickness

w Do things with them on a social level

In other words, simple hospitality and neighborliness will go a long way in giving you the opportunityto do good towards them. And when they see the “incarnation of the gospel” (the principles of the

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gospel lived out in the flesh), they will be more likely to believe in the “verbalization of the gospel” (thetruth of the gospel in spoken or written word).

After you have spent some time being hospitable and becoming better acquainted, the next step is to...

INVITE THOSE ON YOUR LIST TO ATTEND SERVICES

There are several good reasons for wanting them to attend the services of the local church...

w They will (or should) have an opportunity to see a caring congregation in action

ü Combined with your own demonstration of love as an individual...

ü ...the demonstration of love by others should make a lasting impression!

w They will more likely have an opportunity to be presented with the gospel of Christ(more on this, shortly)

w If they are attending regularly before conversion to Christ, they will more likelycontinue to attend after their conversion

As you prepare to invite these souls to attend services, be sure to spend time first in prayer...

w Asking for wisdom to invite them in the best manner

w Asking for boldness to offer the invitation to attend

Of course, you will more likely have people accept your invitations if they are among the “unchurched,”but oftentimes even the “churched” are dissatisfied with where they are attending and are willing toinvestigate a different church.

The next couple of steps become increasingly important, one being to...

DEMONSTRATE HOSPITALITY TOWARDS THOSE VISITORS WHODO ATTEND

This would apply to all visitors, whether they were invited by you, someone else, or are simply“walk-ins.” Some "action steps" might include:

w Greeting them, letting them know they are welcome

w Inviting them home or out for a dinner or snack

w Calling or visiting them after they have attended the services

Showing such love towards those who may even be “strangers” is the true meaning of hospitality, avirtue that ought to characterize Christians (cf. He 13:2; Ro 12:13b). Plus, in doing such things, youare preparing their hearts for the gospel! How?

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w By demonstrating love as a congregation of Christians...

w ...they will be more likely to believe in the love of God demonstrated in the life ofChrist! - 1 Pe 2:11-12

Finally, we are ready for the most important step in all our efforts...

SEE THEY HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO HEAR THE GOSPEL

Ideally, this will come AFTER witnessing a demonstration of the gospel in our lives...

w By our love, hospitality, etc.

w Both as individuals and as a congregation

If you feel confident in discussing it with them, then approach them yourself and suggest some sort ofBible study. Either of these two suggestions may be effective:

w A Bible study with them in their home (using aids like video tapes, charts, or simplyan open Bible)

w That they study on their own with the aid of a Bible correspondence course (likeGene Tope's “Know Your Bible” course, or Robert Harkrider's “How ToUnderstand The Bible” course)

If you do not feel you are yet confident in approaching them concerning a study, or in conducting it yourself, there is still much good that you can do:

w Bring it to the attention of members who are able and willing to teach

w Provide opportunities for the teacher and the prospect to become betteracquainted, and the teacher can take it from there

CONCLUSION

These suggestions are offered with a firm conviction that if they will be carried out, opportunities toshare the gospel and save souls will be greatly increased! Also, with the hope that you will accept thechallenge to implement these suggestions.

This approach is not only the most successful in saving and keeping souls, it is also one of the mostnatural and easiest ways to reach the lost for Christ! Remember the survey by The Institute ForAmerican Church Growth? One does not even have to be able to teach to be effective in leading othersto Christ! One simply has to be a friend to Christians and to the lost!

And even if we do not convert a single soul...

w We will have fulfilled our obligation to share Christ with others

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w We will have done it in such a way as to become better Christians , a bettercongregation, better friends , better neighbors , better coworkers, etc.!

SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION BY A CONGREGATION OR A FEWINTERESTED INDIVIDUALS...

Have those interested in being involved meet together on a weekly basis

Encourage one another to set goals for the coming week

w Share ideas for goals; for example . . .

ü Having over or visiting one person or family from the congregation

ü Making a list of souls for which to begin praying

ü What you plan to do to demonstrate your love and concern for those on yourlist

ü Who you will invite to services

ü What visitors you will call, visit, etc.

ü Who you will offer to have a study, or put in contact with someone who willfollow-up with a study

w Write the goals for the coming week down

w Pray about them, together and on your own throughout the week

At each weekly meeting...

w Share and discuss how the goals are being met

w Set new goals for the coming week

w Write them, pray about them

This simple program should easily increase opportunities to share the gospel and bring many souls toChrist!

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Evangelism Made PersonalBuilding Courage To Tell Others About Christ

(Overcoming The Fear Of Rejection)

After lack of motivation, a major reason why more people do not engage in personal evangelism is thefear of rejection. Afraid of being turned down, laughed at, or looked upon by others as “religiousfanatics” has hindered many Christians in their efforts to tell others about Christ.

How does one overcome the fear of rejection? The following thoughts may be helpful...

TRY TO PLEASE GOD, NOT MAN

We should keep in mind the words of the apostle Paul, who in Ga 1:10 wrote:

“For do I now persuade men, or God? Or do I seek to please men?For if I still pleased men, I would not be a servant of Christ.”

If we are serious in our desire to be the servants of Christ, then we must make sure it is God we aretrying to please, and not man. This is not to suggest that we give no thought as to how to be morepleasing in our demeanor or presentation of the gospel, but it does mean that we should be moreconcerned about what God thinks, rather than what people may think.

PRAY FOR BOLDNESS

Paul was one who wrote about his own fears when it came to sharing the gospel with others (cf. 1 Co2:1-3). But he believed in the power of prayer to provide boldness and solicited the prayers of othersas well in this regard (cf. Ep 6:18-19). In this he was not alone, for when Peter and John had beenthreatened, they returned to their company and together prayed for boldness, and the Lord answeredtheir prayer (cf. Ac 4:29-31)!

So as we prepare ourselves to engage in personal evangelism, if we find ourselves lacking courage, thenlet our preparation include diligent prayer for boldness. Even as you walk up to the door, or approachsomeone you plan to invite to services or to offer a Bible study, say a short prayer asking God to giveyou the boldness necessary to say what you have planned to say.

The suggestions which follow are based on material presented by Brent Hunter in “Personal Work101” which I found to be very practical...

STEPS IN BUILDING COURAGE TO TELL OTHERS ABOUT CHRIST

STEP ONE - Start out sharing Christ in a way which will not bring you face to face withpeople.

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Select some tract or tracts you feel are good and carry them in your pocket, purse, or car.

w When you go into a public restaurant, leave it on your table with your tip.

w When writing letters to friends, relatives, drop a tract in the envelope. Include oneeven in the bills you pay!

w Leave a tract in a phone booth, at a Laundromat, on the seat of a taxi or bus, in arest room.

What happens to the tract may no longer concern you; you've sown the seed and done what you aresupposed to do. It may be thrown in the waste paper basket and the custodian may fish it out and takeit home and his neighbor may come over and read it. A custodian was cleaning a bathroom, saw a tractand read it. He later obeyed the gospel and is today a gospel preacher! Another case involved awoman who was visiting her daughter, saw a tract on the coffee table that had been sent through themail, read it and contacted the person who sent it, later obeying the gospel (even though her daughter,the original recipient of the tract, had no interest in it!). This is one way that the written word lastslonger than the spoken word!

STEP TWO - Let your light shine naturally when around non-Christians (Matthew 5:16).

Not to make a spectacle of yourself, but to quietly confess through your actions and normal speech thatyou are a Christian. There is a difference between doing things to be seen of men (condemned byJesus), and doing things that are seen by men (commanded by Jesus). Some examples:

w When you eat in public places, offer thanks for your food. This can be donesilently, with a bowed head.

w Keep a Bible with you at all times and don’t be ashamed to be seen reading it. Atwork on your desk, keep a Bible; in your purse, pocket or coat, keep a NewTestament and read it as you have opportunity.

w In our conversation we can identify ourselves with Christ. Casually make mentionof things which indicate your faith in God. A friend at work has confided in youwith a problem; tell him in all sincerity, “I will keep you in my prayers.” In everydayconversation you might mention some pertinent point made by the preacher, Bibleclass teacher, or what you gleaned from your own private study. In making planswith others, use the expression “Lord willing...” Give credit to the Lord when theoccasion calls for it (“I thank the Lord for my good health”).

Casual conduct and expressions like these (when done sincerely) not only help to build courage, theyoften serve as “door-openers” for people to inquire about your faith.

STEP THREE - Identify who you are and personally hand your friend (prospect) a tract,cassette or video.

You are not directly teaching yet (only using “indirect” teaching methods), but you are beginning to facepeople. Some examples of how this can be done:

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w Give a tract to a friend and say, “This is a short explanation of the gospel of Christ.We've been friends for sometime now and I would like for you to read this and tellme what you think.”

w Ask them if they are interested in studying the Bible on their own time, at their ownpace, in their home, through a correspondence course.

w Offer to give them a cassette or video tape of a sermon and ask them if they wouldbe interested in hearing what the Bible says about...

CONCLUSION

At this point you are actively involved in sharing the gospel with others, even though you may only useindirect methods. From here, you may decide to try to set up home studies to be taught by yourself, orto set up studies for others to teach. In either case, you are doing much for the Lord!

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Evangelism Made PersonalPrinciples For Teaching In Evangelism

(Tips To Remember When Trying To Teach Others)

Should you decide you are ready to begin teaching others, having an idea of what material and method(multi-lesson, one-lesson, etc.) you plan to use, there are several principles to keep in mind that canincrease the likelihood of success. For example...

BE "CLASS" CONSCIOUS

Rather than getting into religious discussions when it is not convenient (such as at work), always think interms of turning religious inquiries into an opportunity to set up a class or home study with the person.There are several advantages of doing this:

w Those who are not seriously interested in spiritual matters will not consent to astudy; therefore this will distinguish between the truth seekers and those who are not

w It gives you time to carefully prepare your lesson(s)

w A discussion of religious matters is more productive when there is ample time, andthe Bible is open to answer any questions

w There will be fewer hindrances should the person decide to obey the gospel at thattime

Setting up a class is easy, just ask! If the person says no, then just leave them with an open invitation toa class anytime in the future.

SEEK FIRST TO UNDERSTAND, THEN TO BE UNDERSTOOD

This principle is key to any effective communication, whether it occur in business, family relationships, orreligious discussions. Applied to teaching others, it would involve:

w Asking questions, then listening carefully to what the other person is saying

w Occasionally repeating what they say, to make sure you properly understand them

w Endeavoring to know their own doctrine as well if not better than they dothemselves

w Trying to put yourself in their place, imagining what they must feel like to have theircherished beliefs challenged

This will not only improve your ability to effectively communicate with them, but will also increase thelikelihood they will reciprocate by carefully listening to you!

DISAGREE WITHOUT BEING DISAGREEABLE

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People will frequently disagree with you, though some may later change their minds. How can wedisagree without being “disagreeable?” How can we discuss religion without getting into arguments thatgenerate a lot of heat but little light? Here are suggestions based upon the Scriptures:

w Maintain a spirit of gentleness and humility; but for the grace of God you would belost too! (Ga 6:1)

w Refuse to be drawn into religious quarrels; if a discussion degenerates into one,admit your own faults and suggest the study continue at another time (2 Ti 2:23-24a)

w Don't try to teach until you are able to teach (2 Ti 2:24; Ja 3:1-2)

w Be patient; some people take longer than others (2 Ti 2:24)

w If necessary to correct someone who opposes you, do so with humility (2 Ti 2:25)

w Remember the wisdom of Solomon: “A soft answer turns away wrath, but aharsh word stirs up anger. The tongue of the wise uses knowledge rightly, butthe mouth of fools pours forth foolishness.” (Pro 15:1-2)

It might help to maintain patience and humility, if we keep in mind that Paul says those in error are in"the snare of the devil, having been taken captive by him to do his will" (2 Ti 2:26). The onlyway they can escape is through the proper and delicate use of "the sword of the Spirit, which is theWord of God" (Ep 6:17). ANSWER QUESTIONS BY LETTING INQUIRERS READ IT FORTHEMSELVES

When people ask questions, it is best to answer them with the Scriptures. Use an open Bible toanswer their questions. Better yet, have them read it out of their own Bibles. There are several reasonsfor doing this:

w They are more likely to understand the point you are trying to make if they can bothread and hear it

w It is hard for them to disagree with what they can read for themselves in their ownBible

w You gain their respect and confidence that you are only teaching the Word of God,and not the ideas of men

So as often as possible, let them answer their own questions by having them read it for themselves!

USE DIFFICULT QUESTIONS TO SET UP FUTURE STUDIES

A fear many people have in teaching others is that they will be asked a question for which they do notknow the answer. But such questions can be advantageous if handled properly! Here is how:

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w Don't try to bluff your way through a subject you are not prepared for; gain respectfor honesty by admitting your need to study further

w Use that difficult question as a reason to continue the study on another occasion;explain that to give an answer the question deserves, you will need to study moreand come back at another time

What might at first appear to be a stumbling block to a teacher can actually be an a stepping stone forincreased opportunities!

CLOSE EFFECTIVELY

After you have presented the material in your lesson(s), you need to ask for a response. This can oftenbe the most difficult part of teaching, for now you are asking the person to make a judgment about thetruthfulness of what you have been saying, and to make a decision as to whether they will obey it. Toclose effectively, you might ask the person the following questions...

w “Does this make sense?”

w “Is there anything I have said that you do not understand?”

w “Have I been teaching you anything other than what the Bible teaches?”

Assuming the person answers favorably, you then need to make the actual request. Some approachesoften sound like subtle ways to move someone to do something they really don't want to do (sort of likea salesman trying to make a close with someone who is really not sold on the product!). Sinceconversion occurs only when our faith is working in cooperation with God's power (Co 2:12), it isabsolutely necessary that the prospect has truly come to faith and repentance before they are baptized.

Therefore, a simple and direct question is all that is necessary: “Would you like to obey Christ nowand be baptized for the remission of your sins?”

If the person says no, you might ask why not, and depending upon the answer, study some more or setup a time for future study. In any case, let the person know that you are always ready to study furthershould they be interested, and that you are always available should they decide to obey the gospel.Remember, what you sow today may take time before it finally brings forth a harvest.

Finally, a thought or two about...

OVERCOMING OBJECTIONS

Certainly we should ever be ready and willing to answer objections that are raised. It is proper toprepare oneself to answer objections that are commonly given. But again, unless “you believe with allyour heart” (Ac 8:36-37), God’s blessings provided in baptism will not be found! Therefore, we needto be careful not to apply undue pressure. While we want to encourage others to obey the gospel, wemust make sure that the decision is theirs.

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So be careful to let gospel of Christ be the converting power, not “persuasive words of humanwisdom” (1 Co 2:4). If a person understands what the gospel says, a simple request accompaniedwith an earnest plea for obedience to Jesus Christ should suffice.

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Evangelism Made PersonalAvailable Resources For Teaching Others

(Summary Of Tools That Can Be Used)

There are many different ways to effectively communicate the gospel to others. What follows is a briefsummary and description of various tools that may be helpful. In using them, try to be flexible, askingGod for wisdom as to which approach to use depending upon the particular circumstances.

VIDEO STUDIES

“How To Understand The Bible” by Robert F. Harkrider (five tapes)

This is a five-lesson series that presents a survey of the Bible, salvation, and the New TestamentChurch. It includes study guides for each lesson. Designed for those who have at least a “basic”knowledge of the Bible.

“The Visualized Bible Study Series” by Jule Miller (five tapes)

Another five-lesson study, presenting a survey of the Bible, salvation, the New Testament Church, andthe history of the church. There are also study guides that accompany the tapes. This study might bemore appropriate for someone with virtually no concept of what the Bible is all about.

BIBLE CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

“Know Your Bible” Correspondence Course by Gene Tope (six lessons)

The six lessons in this study include such topics as:

w Introduction To The Bible

w Sin And The Blood Of Christ

w What Must I Do To Be Saved?

w The New Testament Church

w Denominationalism

w Baptism

This series has been used on a number of occasions where the lessons were simply given to a friend,and they taught themselves the gospel.

“Jesus, The Way” by Sewell Hall (seven lessons)

The seven lessons in this study include such topics as:

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w Jesus, The Way (Introduction)

w Finding Jesus, The Way

w Jesus, The Way To A Better Life

w Jesus, The Way To Forgiveness

w Jesus, The Way To God

w Jesus, The Way Out Of Religious Confusion

w Jesus, The Way To Heaven

The first lesson is designed for mass mailing, but can be used as a regular correspondence course.

TRACTS

“Facts You Need To Face” By Haun Publishing Company

A simple tract (reading time is five minutes) that presents the following "facts":

w You Need To Be Saved

w Christ Died For You

w To Be Saved You Must Accept Christ

w You Can Be Just A Christian

“The Gospel Of The Grace Of God” By Leslie Diestelkamp

A medium-length tract that covers:

w Man's Unworthiness

w The Gift Of God's Love

w What Grace Does Not Do

w Grace And Salvation

w Grace And Security

"The Way Of Christ Without Denominationalism" By Samuel Dawson

A good sized booklet that discusses:

w The Harm Of Denominationalism

w Fellowship With God

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w Fellowship With God's People

For more information about these materials, or to order them, you can contact Florida CollegeBookstore :

Bookstore Manager - Brent Lewis Telephone NumbersAssistant Manager - Vernita Goodall Local: 985-9555Associates - Kim McCann Florida: 1-800-922-2390

Chris Murray USA: 1-800-423-1648 Joan Roberts FAX: (813) 899-6788

Please Note: Phone orders are taken 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Monday - Friday

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Evangelism Made PersonalBeing Doers Of The Word, Not Hearers Only

(An Aid To Doing Things That Make For A Caring Congregation)

Action Sheet 1

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-

-

-

-

~ People I Will Invite Or Take Out:

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-

-

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~ Those I Will Call, Visit, Or Write:

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~ Names Of People I Will Learn:

DATE METGOALS TO BE SET

SHOWING HOSPITALITY TOWARDS CHRISTIANS

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Evangelism Made PersonalBeing Doers Of The Word, Not Hearers Only

(An Aid To Reach Others For Christ)

Action Sheet 2

PROSPECT LIST

Comments:

Final Results: Not Interested __ Taught __ Obeyed The Gospel __

BCC __ Video __ Tract __ Home Study __

Offer Them A Study (With You Or With Someone Else): Accepted __ Declined __

Extend Invitation To Services: Accepted __ Declined __ Already Attending __

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-

Do Things Which Demonstrate Your Love For Them (List What You Do Below)

Sunday __ Monday __ Tuesday __ Wednesday __ Thursday __ Friday __ Saturday __

Begin Praying For This Person Daily (Use The Weekly Checklist Below To Start)

Status: Acquaintance __ Family __ Visitor __

NAME:

Comments:

Final Results: Not Interested __ Taught __ Obeyed The Gospel __

BCC __ Video __ Tract __ Home Study __

Offer Them A Study (With You Or With Someone Else): Accepted __ Declined __

Extend Invitation To Services: Accepted __ Declined __ Already Attending __

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Do Things Which Demonstrate Your Love For Them (List What You Do Below)

Sunday __ Monday __ Tuesday __ Wednesday __ Thursday __ Friday __ Saturday __

Begin Praying For This Person Daily (Use The Weekly Checklist Below To Start)

Status: Acquaintance __ Family __ Visitor __

NAME:

Mark A. Copeland

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Evangelism Made PersonalConcluding Remarks

It is hoped that the thoughts presented in this series might serve in some way to encourage all those whodesire to lead others to Christ and His church. The emphasis has not been to stress one approachabove others, nor to say that everyone must be doing the same thing in this enterprise we call“evangelism,” but rather to motivate, encourage, and offer suggestions of a general nature that might helpanyone do whatever they can, according to the ability and opportunity God has given them. If it helpsbut one person to be more diligent in their efforts, then the effort has been well worth it.

To God be the glory!

Mark A. Copeland

Evangelism Made Personal 34