EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS The Rise of Nationalism Enduring Understandings 1.The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution. 2.Nationalism.

EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS

The Rise of Nationalism

Enduring Understandings1. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to

revolution.2. Nationalism can act as both a unifying and divisive force.Questions3. What new ideas moved to the rest of Europe that helped to fuel their

revolutions for political change?4. How did nationalism play a role in these revolutions.5. Find evidence to support EU #2 above.Agenda6. Complete p #22 – about European Revolutions7. Answer questions 1 and 2 above8. Complete p #23 – about the rise of nationalism9. Read #24 and answer questions 1-310.Finish above Question #3

1. French citizens’ armies win their revolution for liberty and equality

Results, outcomes, consequences: Rest of Europe begins to buy into French Revolutionary

ideas about: Equality, Liberty Popular sovereignty

Sees success of mass action to achieve goals

2. Greeks revolt against Ottoman Empire

Results, outcomes, consequences: Europeans feel a kinship with Greeks because of the

connection (by way of renaissance) to ancient Greek culture.

Russian feel kinship with Greeks due to Eastern Orthodox religion

European militaries assist Greek independence movement by defeating Ottoman navy.

Greeks win their independence from Ottomans (conflict still exists today on Cyprus)

3. Nationalist groups in Budapest, Prague and Vienna demand independence and self-government

Results, outcomes, consequences: Vienna riots forced resignation of Metternich in Austria Liberal government is demanded by radicals but they

cannot unify Conservative backlash against radicals results in the

failure of the revolutions.

4. Charles X tries to set up absolute monarchy in France.

Results, outcomes, consequences: After Louis XVIII (18th) Charles

X overextends himself and riots break out forcing him to flee, ending the idea of absolutism in France (sorta)

Louis-Philippe becomes king of a constitutional monarchy

Implements some liberal reforms and rules for 18 years.

Becomes increasingly conservative, reacting violently to concerns of the working class hit hard by 1846-47 recession

5. Paris mobs overthrow monarchy of Louis-Philippe.

Results, outcomes, consequences: First, led to radical-led 2nd

Republic 2nd Republic fails within 4 years

because the radicals begin to disagree.

Radical disagreements end in open bloodshed

People react to instability and chaos by supporting conservatives

Who promote and then elect Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte

6. Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte is elected president of France and later assumes title of Emperor Napoleon III

Results, outcomes, consequences: Prosperity and peace occurs under the strong

centralized, but enlightened control of Napoleon III Reform plans include:

Building bridges and roads Railroads Schools And promoted industrialization

7. Nicholas I threatens to take over part of the Ottoman Empire during Crimean War

Results, outcomes, consequences: Russia is defeated

due to lack of industrialization and transportation capabilities

Alexander II (who succeeds Nicholas as Czar) plans to rapidly modernize and industrialize

8. Alexander II issues the Edict of Emancipation

Results, outcomes, consequences: Serfdom technically ends in

Russia Serf no are no longer legally tied

to the land. Peasant communities now own

the land. BUT… Peasants have to work to pay

off the land, by paying the Czar. Essentially they are tied to the land through debt.

Patterns of Change : Nationalism

Nationalist disputes between Hungarians and Austrians led to the division of the empire into two states, which by the end of WWI led to two different nation-states (countries )

Nationalist feelings of non-Russians like the Finns, Ukrainians, Poles, Jews, and the Baltic peoples against forced Russification, combined with the Crimean War led to weakening of Russian Empire that finally crumbles in WWI.

Combination of nationalist feelings among groups in the Ottoman Empire, along with very nationalist feelings among conservative Turks attempting to spread Turkish nationalism led to disunity and conflict.

Patterns of Change : NationalismCavour

Key adviser (prime minister) of King of Sardinia proposed uniting Italy under Sardinian Monarchy.

With realpolitik cunning, allied with Napoleon III, started war with Austria, and took northern Italy by force.

Also sent money and supplies to nationalist Italians in the South

Like Bolivar in South America, Garibaldi led nationalist fighters to conquer Italy, uniting southern Italy, and then joining the South to King Victor Emmanuel’s Sardinia in the north to create the united Kingdom of Italy.

However, nationalist feelings amongst the small “states” in Italy helped prevent Italy united government from successfully governing

Garibaldi

Patterns of Change : NationalismGerman Unification under Bismarck

Realpolitik – tough, realistic, practical, non-ideological politics was the basis for Bismarck using force and deceit to beat opponents like Austria and France, and manipulate French and German people into supporting a unified German Empire.

The Seven Weeks War resulted in German conquest of Northern German states taken from Austria and then was used to manipulate France to attack Germany. It was also used to manipulate southern Germans to support unification with the rest of Germany out of fear of France.

Franco-Prussian War finished German unification, creating the “Second Reich” including Southern Germany

France was defeated and set the stage for France to hate Germany, plan for future war and led to the horrors of World War I.