World War I 1914-1918
Jan 05, 2016
World War I1914-1918
Causes of War Nationalism
Competitive rivalries among nations National unrest within some nations
Imperialism Competition for Colonies
Causes of War Continued… The Alliance System
Groups of nations organized to maintain the balance of power
Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia and US Central: Germany, Austrian-Hungry and the
Ottoman Empire
Militarism Military buildup
The Fighting Starts “The Powder Keg
Explodes” The Assassination of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The Schlieffen Plan Germany Plan of war Invade Belgium then
France Hold action against
Russia
Battle of Somme Started in July 1916 and ended in
November Practiced Trench warfare Over 1 million casualties for 7 miles of land
The U.S. enters the War Causes
Blockade of trade goods German unrestricted
submarine warfare Lusitania sunk by
German u-boat Zimmerman Note
German proposal for Mexico to keep U.S. out of war
American Power tips the Balance Selective Service Act
Required men to register with the government in order to be selected for military service
Convoy System System to combat German u-boats, use of
warships to protect merchant ships Conscientious Objector
A person who opposes warfare on moral ground
America Mobilizes America Unready for
War Selective service draft African-Americans
segregated Women held non
combat positions; nurses
America Mobilizes Continued… Congress gives power to Wilson
Increased government control Could regulate pricings Nationalized certain industries, shipping
War Economy War Industries Board
Increased productivity
America Mobilizes Continued… National War Labor Board
8hr work day Safety inspections Enforced child labor ban
Selling the War Taxes and Bonds
Progressive income tax Patriotism
“War to end all Wars”
New Hazards Weapons
Machine guns Airplanes Tanks Poison gas
Gas Masks of WWI
New Hazards Continued … Physical effects
“Shell Shock” Psychological trauma which caused mental
breakdowns Trench Foot
Infection of the foot caused by wet, cold and unsanitary conditions
The War Ends The Collapse of Germany
Mutiny among German troops November 9th 1918, new German Republic
Established Austria-Hungry surrenders The war ends on the 11th hour on the 11th
day in the 11th month
Wartime Constitutional Issues Schenck v United States
Free speech could be restricted during wartime “a clear and Present danger” clause
The Espionage and Sedition Acts Acts to punish those who opposed the war Violated 1st amendment
The Red Scare Provoked by Russian Communist Revolution
Social Changes African Americans
Great Migration North Job opportunities Escape racial tension
Women Took over male jobs 1919 passage of 19th Amendment
Wilson Fights for Peace Treaty of Versailles
Created 9 new nations Barred Germany from maintaining an army Required Germany to pay reparations
Wilson Fights for Peace Continued…
Flaws of the treaty War-guilt clause; forced Germany to take
responsibility Germany could not pay reparations Russia lost more territory than Germany Ignored claims of colonized people for self-
determination
Wilson Fights for Peace Continued… Wilson's Fourteen
Points No more secret treaties Freedom of Seas Arms reduction Lower tariffs Rethink colonial policies
Wilson Fights for Peace Continued …
League of Nations International organization to address crisis Provided a forum to discuss and settle problems
US Government will oppose entry into the League
Legacy of the War US military stronger Federal Government strengthen Accelerated social change Europe experienced damaged social and
political systems
Propaganda of World War I
Propaganda continued….
Last known WWI veteran dies at 110 Born Florence
Beatrice Patterson in London in 1901, she joined Women's Royal Air Force in September at age of 17
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