Europe (team full)

• 1. EUROPE by THE TROJANSGroup Members : Nupur Mallik Deepthi Chenjeri Pinky LaishramBhavana Sripathy Hema Anand Geetu C M

2. 3. General Information

• It is the worlds second smallest continent.

• Europe is bordered by Arctic Ocean to the north, Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the southeast.

• Of its approx. 50 states, Russia is the largest and Vatican City is the smallest.

• It is the 3 rdmost populous continent after Asia and Africa.

4.

• Climate: Europe lies mainly in the temperate climate zones.

• Religion: Major religion is Christianity followed by Islam, Judaism and Hinduism are minority religions.

• Culture: Mixed culture

5. European Politics

• The British Government: A Brief Overview Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as head of the State.

• The British constitution, unlike those of most countries, is not set out in a single document. Instead it is made up of a combination of laws and practices which are not legally enforceable, but which are regarded as vital to the working of government.

• CURRENT BRITISH PRIME MINISTER -Mr David Cameron

• The German Government: A Brief Overview

• Germanyis afederal parliamentaryrepublic, based onrepresentative democracy. TheChancellor is thehead of government, and federallegislative power is vested in theBundestag (the parliament ofGermany) and theBundesrat(the representative body of the regional states).

• There is a multi-party system that, since 1949, has been dominated by theChristian Democrat Union(CDU) and theSocial Democratic Party of Germany(SPD).

• Thejudiciary of Germany is independent of the executive and the legislature. The political system is laid out in the 1949constitution, theGrundgesetz Basic Law), which remained in effect with minor amendments after 1990'sGerman reunification.

• CURRENT GERMAN CHANCELLOR-Mrs Angela Merkel

6. European Politics

• The France Government: A Brief Overview

• Franceis asemi-presidential representative democratic republic, in which thePresident of Franceishead of stateand thePrime Minister of Franceis thehead of government, and there is a pluriform,multi-party system.Executive poweris exercised by the government.

• Legislative poweris vested in the government,Senate andNational Assembly. Thejudiciaryis independent of the executive and the legislature.

• CURRENT PRESIDENT OF FRANCE -MR Nicolas Sarkozy

• The Spain Government: A Brief Overview

• ThePolitics of Spaintake place in the framework of aparliamentaryrepresentative democratic constitutional monarchy, whereby theMonarch is theHead of Stateand thePresident of the Governmentis thehead of governmentin amulti-party system.

• Executive poweris vested in the government. Central legislative poweris vested in the two chambers of parliament. TheJudiciaryis independent of the executive and the legislature.

• CURRENT PRESIDENT/PRIME MINISTER OF SPAIN -MR Jos Luis R Zapatero

7. European Politics

• The Italy Government: A Brief Overview

• Thepolitics of Italy'sparliamentary,democraticrepublic, and of amulti-party system.Executive poweris exercised collectively by the Council of Ministers, which is led by thePresident of the Council

• Legislative poweris vested in the two houses ofparliamentprimarily, and secondarily on the Council of Ministers. Thejudiciary is independent of the executive and the legislative branches.Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946, when themonarchywas abolished by popularreferendum.Theconstitution was promulgated on 1 January 1948

• CURRENT PRESIDENT OF ITALY -MR Giorgio Napolitano

8. European Politics

• Its continuously evolving

• • • • • GEOGRAPHY

• • • • • ECONOMY

• • • • • CULTURE

• The evolution has rapidly happened after the end of cold war

• • • • • FALL OF IRON CURTAIN

• • • • • COLLAPSE OF EASTRAN BLOC OF COMMUNIST STATES

9. COUNCIL OF EUROPE

• TheCouncil of Europeis one of theoldestinternational organisationworking towards European integration,having been founded in 1949.

• It has a particular emphasis onlegal standards , human rights , democratic ,development , therule of law andcultural co-operation .

• It has47 member states with some800million citizens

• Itsstatutory institutionsare theCommittee of Ministers comprising the foreign ministers of each member state, theParliamentary Assembly composed ofMPs from theParliament of each member state

• The Secretary Generalheads the secretariat of the Council of Europe.

• CURRENT S GENERAL OF CoE -Mr. Herman Van Rompuy

• TheCommissioner forHuman Rightsis an independent institution within the Council of Europe,mandated to promote the awareness of and respect for human rights in the member states

10. 11. EUROPEAN UNION

• The European Union ( EU ) is aneconomic and political union of 27member states located primarily inEurope .Committed toregional integration

• The EU was established by theTreaty of Maastrichtin 1993 upon the foundations of theEuropean Communities.

• The EU has developed asingle market through a standardised system of laws, which apply in all member states, andensures thefree movement of people, goods ,services, and capitalincluding the abolition of passport controls by theSchengen.

• Agreement between22 EU and 3 non-EU states.

• It maintainscommon policies on trade,agriculture,fisheries andregional development.

• Sixteen member states have adopted acommon currency , theeuro, constituting theeurozone.

12. 13. Economy of Europe

• Economic Development:

• Pre-1945 :High level of industrialization.

• 1945-1990 :Control of Eastern European states by USSR; Western European states linking their economies which led to the foundation of European Union (EU).

• 1991-2003 : Collapse of communism; Europes economy dominated by EU.

• 2004-Present : Expansion of EU

14. Economy of Europe

• Economic Sectors

• Agriculture and fishing

• Manufacturing

• Finance and banking

15. Economy of Europe

• Population:832,000,000

• GDP(PPP):US$18.022 trillion(2009)

• GDP(Currency):US$19.282 trillion(2009)

• GDP/capita (PPP):US$27,383(2009)

• GDP/capita(Currency): US$25,285(2009)

• Annual growth per capita GDP:2.8%

• Millionaires: 2.6 million

• Unemployment:10.0%

16. CULTURE

• The culture of Europe can be described as a series of overlapping cultures; cultural mixes exist across the continent.

• Christianity has been the dominant feature in shaping up European culture for at least the last 1700 years.

• The foundation of European culture was laid by the Greeks, strengthened by the Romans, stabilized by Christianity.

• Reformation and globalized by successive European empires between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, including predominantly Muslim, Ottoman, Turks.

• Thus the European Culture developed into a very complex phenomenon of wider range of philosophy, Islamic mysticism, Christian.

17. RACE

• The termCaucasian racedenotes the race or phenotypes of some or all of the indigenous human populations of Europe.

• In north-western Europe we find Nordid race or theNorth-race .

• Insouth-westernEurope is predominantly Mediterranean-Alpine in race.

• InSoutheast Europe are Dinarid in race.

• Northeast Europe is predominantly East-Baltid and Volgid in race.

18. RACE Figure 1 NordidRacial Type.Figure 2Mediterranean Racial Type. 19. RACE Figure 3 Dinarid Racial Type. Figure 4 East-Baltid Racial Type. 20. RELIGION

• Christianity is by far the major religion in Europe.

• Europe also has several million Jews and Muslims. Jews live in most parts of the continent. The Muslims live in South-eastern European countries.

• Other minor religions exist in Europe, some brought by migrants, including :

• Judaism, mainly in France, UK and Russia.

• Hinduism, mainly among Indian immigrants in the UK.

• Buddhism, thinly spread throughout Europe, yet it is in Kalmykia, Russia

• Sikhism and Jainism, both mainly among Indian immigrants in the UK.

21. 22. Bank Notes Coins 23. EURO

• The name Euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995. The Euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1. Euro coins and banknotes entered circulation on 1 January 2002.

• The euro is managed and administered by theFrankfurt -basedEuropean Central Bank(ECB) and theEurosystem (composed of thecentral banksof the eurozone countries). As an independent central bank, the ECB has sole authority to setmonetary policy .

• The Euro (sign: ; code: EUR) is the official currency of the Euro zone: 16 of the 27 Member States of the European Union (EU)

• The Euro zone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. Estonia is due to join the Euro zone on 1 January 2011.

• Outside the EU, the euro is also the sole currency ofMontenegroandKosovoand several European micro states ( Andorra ,Monaco ,San MarinoandVatican City ) as well as in three overseas territories of EU states that are not themselves part of the EU ( Mayotte ,Saint Pierre and MiquelonandAkrotiri and Dhekelia ).

• It is also gaining increasing international usage as a trading currency, inCuba , North KoreaandSyria

24.

• The euro is the second largest reserve currency and most traded currency in the world after the U.S. dollar.

• with more than 800 billion in circulation, the euro is the currency with the highest combined value of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world, having surpassed the U.S. dollar

• eurozone is the second largest economy in the world.

25. Benefits of Introducing Euro

• 1- All intra-EU transfers in euro are considered as domestic payments and bear the corresponding domestic transfer costs.

• 2- Credit/debit card charging and ATM withdrawals within the eurozone are also charged as domestic.

• 3- Introduction of the euro has had a positive impact on the movement of goods, financial assets, and people within the eurozone.

• 4- A recent study estimates increase in trade between 9 and 14 %.

• 5- Investment - Studies have found a positive effect of the introduction of the euro on investment. Physical investment seems to have increased by 5%.

• 6- A study found that the intra-eurozone FDI stocks have increased by about 20% during the first four years.

• 7-The euro has most specifically stimulated investment in companies that come from countries that previously had weak currencies. A study found that the introduction of the euro accounts for 22% increase in investment countries that previously had weak currencies.

• 8- Inflation - In the short term, people felt that euro had led to an increase in prices. Actually it had no effect on most goods, it had an effect on cheap goods which have seen their price round up after the introduction of the euro. Consumers based their beliefs on inflation of those cheap goods which are frequently purchased.

• 9- Exchange rate risk with EU is completely solved.

• 10- Financial integration- it has "significantly reshaped the European financial system, especially with respect to the securities markets. Banking has been largely integrated. euro has significantly decreased the cost of trade in bonds, equity, and banking assets . Eurozone countries lending and borrowing more between each other than with other countries

• 11- Tourism - the introduction of the euro has had a positive effect on tourism, increase by 6.5 %.

• 12- Effect on interest rates Interest rate decreased for countries with weak currency, specially in Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Italy.

• 13- Price -convergence of prices in the eurozone with the introduction of the euro is mixed. In some sectors price convergance was observed as in particular for cars.

26. Natural Resources

• United Kingdom Coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum

• France-- coal, iron ores, bauxite, and uranium; petroleum

• Holland--- natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable

• Belgium Natural Resources: Construction Materials, Silica Sand, Carbonates

27.

• Coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite.

• Germany Natural Resources: Coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials.

• Russia--iron ore, manganese, chromium, nickel, platinum, titanium, copper, tin, lead, tungsten, diamonds, phosphates, and gold, and the forests of Siberia contain an estimated one-fifth of the world's timber

28. European Companies

• Audi

• Head Quarters: Ingolstadt, Germany

• Nestle

• Head Quarters: Vevey, Switzerland

• Saint Gobain

• Head Quarters: Paris

• Daimler Chrystler

• Christian Dior

• Head Quarters: Paris

• Loreal

• Head Quarters : Clichy, France

29. MERCI GRACIAS