EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE / INNOVATIVE RESEARCH XX ‘Aircraft Identification Tag’ – AIT Safety and Security Increase for ATM through unnoticeable Watermark Aircraft Identification Tag transmitted with the VHF Voice Communication Horst Hering, ERC Bretigny, France Martin Hagmüller, Gernot Kubin, TU Graz, Graz , Austria
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EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE1 / INNOVATIVE RESEARCH XX ‘Aircraft Identification Tag’ – AIT Safety and Security Increase for ATM through unnoticeable.
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EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE1 /
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
XX
‘Aircraft Identification Tag’ – AIT
Safety and Security Increase for ATM through unnoticeable Watermark
Aircraft Identification Tag transmitted with the VHF Voice Communication
Horst Hering, ERC Bretigny, France
Martin Hagmüller, Gernot Kubin, TU Graz, Graz , Austria
One frequency for all AC and the unique ATC controllerFor identification all pilot voice messages
start with the AC call-sign
EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE4 /
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Call-sign ambiguity through:
Low quality of the VHF transmission Call-sign is incompletely transmitted Very similar call-signs of different AC Pilot used a shorted/ omitted the call-sign Error of comprehension/ speaking Short AC transmission without any speech Controller occupied, caught parts of the msg. only ……
Digital ‘Watermark’ technique Commercial use for IPR protection:
Digital picturesDigital videosDigital audio sources….
EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE7 /
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Aircraft Identification Tag - AIT
Tag
Aircraft Ground VHF-Radio Communication:
voice with added tag(hidden watermark)
Ground :
Special displays
Innovative functions in the ODS
Voice hearing Tag decoding and data dispatching an for supplementary visual stimulus
3D audio
EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE8 /
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
‘Aircraft Identification Tag’ - AIT
AIT’s aim for the air – ground voice link:
Automatic identification of the originatorNot noticeable for partners on the party-lineIn time with ongoing speech (real-time)Without any pilots interventionNo modification to existing AC equipmentsSecure voice link
EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE9 /
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Digital Audio-Watermarks
Special audio watermark equipment:
Watermark EncoderWatermark Decoder
EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE10 /
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
VHF Communication Link
TX
RX
Voice frequency (analogue 300 …. 3400 Hz)
Aircraft system
ATC systemPTT* switch
* PTT (Push To Talk)
Data(e.g. Call-sign)
WatermarkEncoder
Including unnoticeable watermark
Tag
WatermarkDecoder
Innovative ATC functions
Data(e.g. Call-sign)
EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE11 /
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
AIT Specifications (basic)
Payload Data (‘call-sign’) 12 bits (SSR code) 24 bits (‘Mode S’ identifier) 36 bits (General avionic tail-number)
Timing:
Signal Watermark Ratio < 14 db (similar channel signal noise ratio)
Automatic identification of the originator (signature) Security against fake voice com. (terrorists)
No modification to certified AC equipment Not noticeable for party-line partners
EUROCONTROL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE22 /
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Benefits from – AIT (II)
ATC System: Digital AC call sign is available in time with pilots VHF
voice communication Innovative functions on the ODS (i.e. Radar track selection
during voice communication) Support of controller’s SA through supplementary visual stimuli's Add redundancy to the voice channel AC identification Prevent from supplementary workload caused by call-sign
ambiguity for the controller Support for correlation unusual ‘AC telephone names’ and
belonging ‘3-letter call-signs’ (e.g. ‘Airkibris’ KYV) Protection against fake AC voice communication
Benefit for safety of air transportation Address the security aspect against fake voice com. Automatically without any humans intervention Standard technology; no AC modification Realised demonstrator:
High performanceRobustness against transmission problems (noise, fading, …)
Usage in general avionics for airfields Tested with VHF; usage in oceanic areas with HF