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Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine , Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland www.euratlas.com SSHA 2010
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Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

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Page 1: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS

Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli ChristosEuratlas, Switzerland

www.euratlas.com

SSHA 2010

Page 2: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Overview

● Periodical atlas concept● Electronic historical atlases / Historical GIS● Euratlas Periodical Historical Atlas of Europe

● Before : Set of vector maps● After : Historical-Geographical database

● Applications● End-user historical GIS● Scientific usages / analyzes

Page 3: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History

Irregular time intervals

Dates chosen according to « important » events=> Arbitrary

+25yrs

+86yrs

+34yrs

+59yrs

+58yrs

Page 4: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Grosser Historischer Weltatlas

Areas chosen to encompass modern political entities

Multiple dates represented on a single map=> possible inconsistencies, hard to read

Page 5: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Periodical Historical Atlas

● Concept introduced by Christian Kruse● Atlas zur Übersicht der Geographie und Geschichte der

europäischen Staaten (1841)

● Set of sequential maps● Political landscape at specific moment● Regular intervals● Same geographical area

● Contrasts with usual historical atlases● Irregular intervals / arbitrary dates (ex :  New Penguin Atlas)● No specific time (ex : Grosser Historischer Weltatlas)

● Long-term, global and objective view of history

Page 6: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Electronic historical atlas & Historical GIS

● Bitmap images (ex : digitized paper maps)● Information available only to viewer, no structure● Zoom limited by resolution

● Vector maps ● Basic structure : layers, shapes● Customizable view, zoom

● Geographical database (Historical GIS)● Data-model reflecting real-world● Automatic analyzes, combination with other data, interactive visualization, automatic labeling

Page 7: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Euratlas Periodical Historical Atlas

● 21 maps, year 1 to year 2000● 2 levels of administrative divisions● States and dependencies● Autonomous peoples● Fuzzy borders● Cities of various sizes● Physical features (rivers, mountains)

● Europe & Mediterranean basin● Precision : 5km to 10km● Vector drawings (CorelDraw)

500

600

700

800

Page 8: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Euratlas vector maps

● Countries : colored polygons● Dioceses / provinces : lines inside countries● Dependencies : 2-color polygons● Cities : circles of various sizes● Seas, mountains : polygons● Rivers : lines of various widths● Names layers (duplicated for zoom levels)

Page 9: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

From vector maps to geographical database

● Interpret visual elements as data structure● Subdivisions boundaries → territories● Blend shape → fuzzy border, dependent states

● Data-model● Represent accurately political entities in a unified way● Simplicity, abstraction

● Names● No more on maps but linked to objects

● Georeferencing, map projection

Page 10: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Euratlas Georeferenced Vector Data

● Hierarchy of political entities● 2nd level administrative divisions (provinces)● 1st level administrative divisions (dioceses)● States / Dependent states● Supranational entities (HRE and EU)

● Other data (without explicit link)● Autonomous peoples● Cities● Fuzzy borders● Physical features : mountains, rivers, seas

P1

P2

P3

P4P5D1

S1

Page 11: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Modeling dependencies

● Provinces may belong to 2 different states● Owner (always) – Sovereign state● Holder (optional) – Dependent state

● Sovereign state : at least 1 « owned » province● Dependent state : only « held » provinces

1000

Page 12: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Data model : diagram

Page 13: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Time

● Not really a temporal database● Events not represented● Static entities at specific moments (century)● Data for 21 centuries from year 1 to year 2000

● However, links exist between centuries● States ID (color) remains the same● Cities ID (location) also remains the same● No explicit temporal links for sub-national entities

Page 14: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Naming

● All entities/cities have local contemporary name● Kingdom of the Franks instead of Carolingian

Empire● Empire of Rhomania (or Roman Empire) instead of 

Byzantine Empire

● Optional :● A short form (for labeling)● Several variants like modern forms

● Use original characters (except for Arabic)

Page 15: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Applications 1 : Periodis Expert

● Software to navigate through the Euratlas data● End-user GIS software● Great flexibility to control data display

● Independent layers● Automatic labeling● Scale-free zoom● Customizable maps / bookmarks● Exportation / printing● Advanced search functions

Page 16: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Periodis Expert

Page 17: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Applications 2 : Scientific usage

● Useful data for many scientific researches● Simple data model● Easy to combine with other data (GIS or not)● Ex : history, social sciences, genealogy, criminology, literacy, …

● History macrodynamics (Cliodynamics)● Quantitative analyzes● Macroscopic trends

Page 18: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Political stability analysis

Page 19: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Conclusion

● Development of historical GIS from simple maps● General data-model to represent all political territories

● Euratlas Periodical Historical Atlas● Shapefiles: Euratlas Georeferenced Vector Data● General user software: Periodis Expert● Free web version: Periodis Web

● Limitations / Future● Only one map per century● Dependency model too simple● Events chronology

Page 20: Euratlas : From historical mapping to historical GIS · From historical mapping to historical GIS Nüssli Marc-Antoine, Nüssli Christos Euratlas, Switzerland SSHA 2010. Overview

Thank you!

www.euratlas.com