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Chapter:2Ethics in Business
Research
Group Members:o Azka MS13MBA034 o Zainab MS13MBA035o Rabia MS13MBA020o Sidra MS13MBA006o Salma MS13MBA004
Key Terms of Research Ethics
Code of ethicsConfidentialityDebriefingDeceptionEthics
Informed ConsentNon-DisclosureFindingsPurposeSponsorRight to PrivacyRight to QualityRight to safety
Contd…
Zainab SaleemMS13MBA035
Ethics:Ethics are norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about our behavior and our relationships with others.Research ethics:Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics involving research, including scientific research
What are Research Ethics?
Promote the aims of researchPromote values that are essential
to collaborative workResearchers can be held
accountable to the publicPublic support Moral and social values
Why Ethics Are Important In Research
Honesty Objectivity Integrity Carefulness Openness Respect for Intellectual Property Confidentiality Responsible Publication
Ethical Principles
Responsible Mentoring Respect for colleagues Social Responsibility Non-Discrimination Competence Legality Animal Care Human Subjects Protection
In order to respect and cause no harm to the participants
A sign of respect for other researchers It is a requirement to obtain funding. Failing to conduct research ethically could be
embarrassing or result in research (or the researcher) being dismissed or rejected.
Questionnaires and focus groups, must be passed by an Ethics Committee to confirm that the research conforms to a set of ethical guidelines.
Why Are Research Ethics Important?
1. Explain study benefits2. Explain participants rights and
protection3. Obtain informed consent
Ethical Treatment of Research Participants
The respondent is told only part of the truth or when the truth is fully compromised
To prevent biasing the respondents before the survey or experiment
To protect the confidentiality of a third party
Deception
Informed consentDebriefingRight to privacy/ConfidentialityData collection in cyber space
Issues Related To Protecting Respondents
Debriefing is a process of receiving an explanation of a study or investigation after participation is complete.It involves several activities following collection of data. Explain any deception Describe purpose Share results Provide follow-up
Debriefing
Obtain signed non-disclosure Restrict access to identification Minimize instruments requiring
identification Reveal only with written consent Non-disclosure of data subsets
Participants Confidentiality
Rights to refusePrior permission to interview Limit time requiredSchedule field and phone interviewsRestrict observation to public
behavior
Rights to Privacy
Rabia HussainMs13MBA020
Cyberspace is a domain characterized by the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum to store, modify, and exchange data via networked systems and associated physical infrastructures.
What is cyberspace
Data Mining Generally, data
mining (sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information - information that can be used to increase revenue, cuts costs, or both.
Technically, data mining is the process of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relations.
Researchers to cyberspace in search of abundant sources of data. Whether we call it wired society, computer-mediated communication or cyber culture the growth of cyber studies causes us to question how we gather data online, deal with participants, & present results. �
Issues relating to cyberspace also relate to data mining. Smartcards, biometrics, electronic monitoring are just some technological tools being used by today’s organizations to track and understand employees, customers, & suppliers.
The primary ethical data-mining issues in cyberspace are privacy &consent.
Cyberspace And Data Mining Ethics
European Union countries passed European Commission's Data Protection Directive This commission prohibits the transmission of
any personal information to any country that has no data protection rules.
If any one fails to act upon then Those Companies could be prosecuted Websites may be blocked
European Union
Sponsor non-disclosurePurpose non-disclosureFinding non-disclosure
Ethics and the Sponsor
Sponsor’s obligation: Specify the problem Provide adequate information to the researcher Provide access to company’s information Researcher’s obligation: To develop a creative research design Give analyzed data for the problem specified Point out limitations affecting the results
Sponsor-Researcher Relationship
Knowledge gap between the researcher and the manager
Job status and internal, political coalitions to preserve status
Unneeded or inappropriate research The right to quality research
Sponsor-Researcher Conflicts
Sometimes researchers will asked by sponsors to participate in unethical behavior.To avoid coercion by sponsor the researcher should: Educate the sponsor to the purpose of research Explain researcher’s role Explain how distortion of the truth leads to future
problems If necessary, terminate relationship with sponsors
Sponsor’s Ethics
Safety Ethical behavior of assistants Protection of anonymity
Ethical issues related to Researchers and Team Members
Sidra BasitMs13MBA006
Various standards of ethics exist for the professional researcher. Many corporations, professional associations, and universities have a code of ethics.
One comprehensive source contains 51 official codes of ethics issued by 45 associations in business, health, and law.
Professional standards
The business section of this source consists of Ethics Standards for: Accounting—American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants. Advertising—American Association of
Advertising Agencies. Banking—American Bankers
Association. Engineering—American Association of
Engineering Societies. Financial planning—Association for
Investment Management and Research
Resources for Ethical Awareness
Case Study
Salma AttiqueMS13MBA004
Making Research Discussions