C D 4 C D M T R A I N I N G Estimating CO 2 Emissions Reduction by example Climate Change Information Center November 6, 2003
Jan 09, 2016
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Estimating CO2 Emissions Reduction
by example
Climate Change Information Center
November 6, 2003
CD4CDM
TRAINING
On Emissions from Power Plants:
Power Generation (MWh)
Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh)
X=CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)
=
X
44g/moleCO2
12g/moleC
X1 ton C
1 kgC
TJvol unit of fuel X
kgCTJ
Xvol fuel
consumedMwh output
conversion factors
Plant based- actual data
Carbon emission factor, per fuel type - IPCC
Net calorific value, country specific, per fuel type - IPCC
Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh)
GHG = EFA X
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Power Generation (MWh)
Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh)
X=CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)
On Emissions from Power Plants :
Power Generation (MWh)
=Installe
d Capacit
y (MW)
XPlant
Capacity
(%)
8760 hours in a year
X
On Emissions from a Power Grid :
Total CO2 Emissions (tons
CO2)
= t Op * Pt*CEFt
Emission factor for specific technology and
or fuel type(tons CO2/MWh)
Total electricity generation output of grid (MWh)
Percentage contribution to
grid (%)
CD4CDM
TRAINING
On Emissions from a Power Grid :
Total CO2 Emissions
= t Op * Pt*CEFt
= Op t Pt*CEFt
= Op* CEFwt.ave
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Module
Submodule
WorksheetSheet
Year
Fuel Typekg CO2/
kWh
Generation Mix , %
EF (kgCO2/kWh)
Oil-based 0.798 11.58 0.09Diesel 0.764 9.18 0.07Hydro 0 10.29 0.00Geothermal 0 21.68 0.00Coal 0.94 47.22 0.44Natural Gas 0.581 0.05 0.00
1000.61
Energy
CO2 Emissions from Total Electricity
Consumption per city/municipality
1-A Supplementary - Worksheet to
compute for CO2 Emission Factor
(kgCO2/kWH)1 of 12000
Step 1 - Calculate for Weighted CO2 Emission Factor
Total PercentageWeighted EF
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Module
Submodule Worksheet
SheetYear
A B C D
City/MunicipalityEmission Factor (kg CO2/kWh)
Electricity Consumption
(MWh)
CO2
Emissions (Gg CO2)
From 1-1 A D = B x C*10-3
City A 0.61 164,346 99.70
Step 2 - Calculate for CO2 emissions
EnergyCO2 Emissions from Electricity
Consumption1-11 of 12000
Total CO2 Emissions
= Op* CEFwt.ave
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Conversion Factors
1 kiloton = 1000 tons = 1,000,000 kg
1000 tons = 1 kiloton = 1 Gigagram
1 GWh = 1000 MWh = 1,000,000 kWh
1 ton = 1000 kg = 1,000,000 g
Kilo = 103
Mega = 106
Giga = 109
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Project boundary
• Shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases under the control of the participants that are reasonably attributable to the CDM Project activity
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Leakage
• Defined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Example 1: Aquarius Hydroelectric Project(Small Scale Project)
Description of the project activity:
• Host country: Brazil
• generate electricity using hydroelectric resources to sell to the power grid.
• Hydroelectric power with 4.2 MW installed capacity = 25,755 MWh/year
• categorized as I-D (Renewable Energy Project - renewable electricity for a grid)
• baseline methodology - baseline is average of “operating margin” and “build margin”
• crediting period is 7 years
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Aquarius Hydroelectric Project
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Aquarius Hydroelectric Project
Sources On-Site Off-Site Direct - CO2 emissions during
project construction - excluded - emissions during operation (production of electricity from hydro power) – negligible = 0
- One-step upstream: emissions due to transport of construction materials and equipment to project site- excluded
- Downstream: Transmissions and distribution losses
Indirect (leakage)
None are expected
Emissions from manufacture of parts, supplies and machinery required for building the project – excluded.
emissions at the national grid that would be displaced by providing renewable power – baseline emissions
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Aquarius Hydroelectric Project
Step 1. Determine expected annual electricity production of project
Step 2. Determine expected project emissions
Step 3. Determine baseline emissions
i) determine baseline methodology
ii) compute for emission factors
iii) compute for baseline emissions
Step 4. Determine annual emissions reduction
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Step 1. Determine expected annual electricity production of project
XPlant
Capacity Factor (%)
Annual Plant Electricity
Output (MWh/yr)
=Installed
Plant Capacity (MW)
X Hours year
XPlant
Capacity Factor (%)
= 4.2 MW X 70% X 8760Hours year
= 25,755 MWh/year
Annual Plant Electricity
Output
• how much electricity the hydropower project will deliver annually
• how much electricity will be displaced from the grid
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Step 2. Determine expected project emissions
Power Generatio
n (MWh/year)
Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh)
X=Annual
CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)
= 25,755 MWh/year
X Zero (0)
Zero project emissions
=Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)
CD4CDM
TRAINING
“operating margin” - grid mix of all generating sources serving the system, excluding hydro, geothermal, wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and solar generation
“build margin” - grid mix of recent capacity additions (newly installed plants) defined as lower of most recent 20% of plants built or the 5 most recently built plants
EFbase = (EFoperating + EFbuild)/2
Step 3. Determine baseline emissionsi) determine baseline methodology
CD4CDM
TRAINING
GRID
Hydro
Diesel
Coal
Wind
Geothermal
Nat Gas
Solar
Priority Source Dispatched to GridSources most likely to be displaced by Project
CD4CDM
TRAINING
ii) compute for emission factors
Generation with diesel
199.3 GWh Actual (SIESEE)
Diesel consumption
72,236 Million liters/year
Actual (SIESEE)
Specific consumption
363 Liter/MWh* calculated
Calorific value (Diesel)
10,700 Kcal/liter Reference value
Diesel EF 20.0 Tons C/TJ Reference value
Emission factor 1.190 KgCO2/kWH Calculated
EF = Calorific value
X Carbon EFXSpecific consumption
X Conversion factors
* page 30 of Aquarius PDD (Liter/MWh)
CD4CDM
TRAINING
ii) compute for emission factors
operating margin -mix composed of diesel-fueled (199.3 GWh) and natural gas-fueled (420.5GWh) power plants
• diesel EF = 1.190 kg CO2/kWh (32%)• nat gas EF = 0.690 kgCO2/kWh (68%)• weighted EF = 0.851 kgCO2/kWh
build marginrecent mix composed of two natural gas-fueled (718
GWh) and three hydroelectric (883 GWh) power plants• nat gas EF = 0.690 kgCO2/kWh (45%)• hydro EF = 0 kgCO2/kWh (55%)• weighted EF = 0.310 kgCO2/kWh
CD4CDM
TRAINING
EFbase = (EFoperating + EFbuild)/2
= (0.851 + 0.310)/2
EFbase = 0.580 kgCO2/kWh
ii) compute for emission factors
iii) compute for baseline emissions (annual)
0.580 kgCO2/kWhX
25,755MWh=
Annual CO2
Emissions (tons CO2) X
1000kWh1MWh X
1tonCO2
1000kgCO2
= 14,942 tons CO2
Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Step 4. Determine annual emissions reduction
Eredn = Ebase - Eproject
=14, 942 tons CO2 - 0
= 14,942 tons CO2
Emissions reductions1 year 14,942 tons CO2
7 years 104,594 tons CO2
21 years 313,782 tons CO2
30 years 448,260 tons CO2
CD4CDM
TRAINING
Thank you!
Climate Change Information CenterManila ObservatoryAteneo de Manila Campus Loyola Heights, Quezon CityTel. No. 426-5921Email: [email protected]