Error-Free® Operation and Human Performance

Copyright and Proprietary, Performance Improvement International, LLC, 2016. Derivative Product Strictly Prohibited.

Error-Free® Operation and Human Performance

Performance Improvement International, LLC


What is Error-Free® Operation and Human Performance?

Error-Free® operation and human performance means no operational or injury events due to preventable human errors.

Over the past 30 years, Dr. Chong Chiu and PII’s more than 50 human and organizational performance experts have taken on numerous R&D and application projects to perfect two new technologies. These two new technologies make the Error-Free® operation and human performance a reality, not just a slogan.


Two New Technologies that Affect Error-Free® Operation and Human Performance

Predictive Quality

KALETM (Error-Free® Intelligence Software)


Error-Free® Technology’s History(1975-2016)

The Error-Free

Zone®

Path 1 (1975-2006)

Path 2(1990-2011)Path 3

(2000-2009)

Path 4 (2011-now)

Path Area (from-and-end, years of focus)

Breakthroughs based on more than 80,000 data points analyzed by PII for various types of errors and events in various types of jobs and working conditions

1 Errors and events modeling (1975-20015)

WASH-1400 (MT, 1975), PRA technology. Three error types. Swiss cheese model. Prevention, Detection and Correction (PDC) model for implementation (1998). Event probability model (PII, 2006-2015),

2 Causes of and their effects on errors (1990-2011)

WASH-1400 (MIT, 1975) on operator errors. PII’s top 10 error traps based on operation errors (1993). PII’s error reduction training (QV&VSM, STAR, 1996). Situational Brain Insufficiency Model (2008). PII’s 18 shaping factors (2008). PII’s job-specific Error-Free® behavior (2011).

3 Layer of protections and their failure rates(2000-2009)

Job specific and event specific LOP library (2006). Failure rate of LOPs due to intentional errors (2007). Failure of LOPs due to inadequate LOP design (2008). Failures of procedure and work plans (2009).

4 KALETM Human performance data bank (2011-2015). Equipment performance data bank (2011-2015). Human Performance Instant Root Cause Analysis (2013-2014). O&P Root cause Analysis (2015). Pre-job Briefing Readiness (2014). Safety Management Readiness (2015). Error Risk Meter (2013)

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What is Predictive Quality?

Know Barrier Failure and Error Rates

During Design and Operation

Know How to Design and

Improve the System

Proactively with Focus

Know Controlling Parameters

Affecting Failure Rates and Errors


What is Reactive Quality Currently in Use?

Design Procedures or System without

Knowing the Failure Rates

Fixing Problems without

Quantitatively Prioritize the

Corrective Actions

After Events, Performing Root Cause Analysis in a Shot-gun

Fashion


E v e n t

LOP1

LOP2

LOP3

Triggering Event

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Event: an undesired situation that has negative consequences. An event could be related to loss of production, equipment damage, rework, or injury.

Layer of Protection: a barrier that is set in place to correct active errors (i.e., actions not allowed) or latent errors (i.e., erroneous actions that are bound to become errors). This barrier may be a:• Administrative LOP (Yellow); a non-physical LOP such as adhering to the

minimum approach distance (MAD) while working in an electrically energized environment.

• Equipment/Passive LOP (Blue); a physical LOP such as a physical guard on a piece of equipment.

• Mixed LOP; where both Administrative and Equipment aspects to the LOP exist, such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE).

Note that a procedure, behavior standards, or PJB can be both a guide to guide rule-based performance for its error-prevention measures and an LOP for its error-correcting measures (such as self check, verification, etc.)

Triggering Event: any single error as affected by shaping factors, an equipment failure, or a special condition (such as acts of nature) that triggers a chain of occurrences that may lead to an event if sufficient layers-of-protection are not provided.


24 Hour Error Map

100%

8:00 am 8:00 pm 8:00 amDay Shift Night Shift

LunchMid-night snack

Drowsiness

Distraction

Over-confidence

Time Pressure

250%

40%

Error Rate

Turnover Turnover

Late-afternoon snack

Skill-based ErrorsRule-based Errors

Shaping Factor Time Chart

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PII data based on mega-analysis of more than 23 studies. This chart is used in PII’s human error prediction to account for time-of-day effects


Typical Calculated and Confirmed LOP Failure Rates at an Average Performing Nuclear Power Station

Behav

ior Stan

dard: S

elf-Check

Qualificati

on Test

Concurre

nt Veri

fication

Age Rela

ted Fa

ilure

Manag

emen

t

Behav

ior Stan

dard: Q

V&V

Work Pack

age Prep

aration

Design

Modificati

on

Accountab

ility

Require

ment T

rackin

g

Procurem

ent (D

esign

) Spec

Prep

Review

Verificati

on

Behav

ior Stan

dard: P

olicy Compli.

Behav

ior Stan

dard: Li

ne of F

ire

Mainten

ance

Design

Change

Track

ing

Problem

Reporti

ng and Reso

lution

Behav

ior Stan

dard: A

rea Clea

ring

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Predictaed LOP Failure Rates


What is KALETM?KALETM is a cloud-based Error-Free® Intelligence Software, accessible from all devices and operating systems. This Error-Free® integrated tool provides the right information, the right check list, the right procedures, and the right analysis as a SAAS solution to help workers avoid errors or to find root causes of their errors in the most cost-effective way.


Typical O&M Spending Varies as Much as +/- 20% in a Tight Industry

US nuclear plants use similar technology, operation standards, and operation years. The difference in O&M costs among plants largely result from approaches to human performance from workers to management. Some of them are more proactive than others, resulting a lower O&M spending. With predictive quality, O&M costs for all of them can be significantly reduced.


Nuclear Industry Current ExpenditureYear 2000 Data


Copyright and Proprietary, Performance Improvement International, LLC, 2016. Derivative Product Strictly Prohibited. 14


Contact Us

If you would like to receive more information regarding Error-Free® methodology, technology, and software; please feel free to reach out to us at:

Email: [email protected]: http://PIIOnline.comPhone: (760) 722-0202

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Error-Free® Operation and Human Performance

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