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TermPaper

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE

PLANNING

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:Respected ANKUR

SINGHGargi mam RE3801A29

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CAP 401

C O N T E N T S

1. Reviewing the SAP Corporation

Introducing SAP

What is SAP

The Goals History

SAP’s markets

2. Interacting with the SAP systems

Exploring the Interface between System and User

Interpreting the Document Principle

3. Exploring R/3 Architecture Reviewing Basic Principles

Client/server Multi-tier Architecture

Client/server Communications

4. Introducing R/3 Software Architecture

Method and means to implement SAP

System identification

SAP R/3 Software Architecture5. SAP Security and Control

6. Online Service System

Introducing the Online Service System

Exploring R/3 Online Services

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Benefits of Online Service System

Using the SAP EarlyWatch System

Monitoring

7. Using the SAP R/3 Information Database

8. Conclusion9. Bibliography

1. REVIEWING THE SAP CORPORATION

INTRODUCTION

Today, it's not enough to just access a vast quantity of

information. You've got to be able to take that information and

do something productive with it.

People need information from business applications,

databases, email, shared documents, and the Internet. Soyou need a solution like mySAP Enterprise Portals that

takes advantage of unification technology -- bringing

together every piece of critical information and delivering it

to your users. And once it's there, your people can swing

into action, making better decisions, collaborating, and

increasing business speed and efficiency.

My SAP Enterprise Portals, which was formerly known as

mySAP Workplace, delivers the promise of true e-business

by unifying every business process in the corporate

ecosystem for strategic advantage and profitability.

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SAP was founded in 1972 and has grown to become the

world’s fifth largest software company. It is the name

of the company as well as the computer system or what we

call software. The SAP software is written in ABAP/4, SAP’s

fourth-generation Advanced Business Programming

Language. This is the system that consists of a number of

fully integrated modules that cover virtually every aspect of

business management.

Information Technology is now at the very core of major

organizations around the world, and its importance is

beyond question. Market forces and customer expectations

continually pressure organizations to improve the

performance of their systems. While many software

companies have looked at areas of business and have

developments systems to support those areas, SAP has

looked toward the whole business. It offers a unique system

that supports nearly all areas of business on a global scale.

Being a German company, SAP still operates all

over the world, with 28 subsidiaries and affiliates and six

partner companies maintaining offices in 40 countries. It

operates in the major continents like America, Europe,

Asia, Australia, Africa and Middle East.

What is SAP?

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SAP’s name is derived from Systems,

Applications, and Products in Data Processing.

The Goals

SAP has defined its corporate goals as the

following:

Customer satisfaction

Profitability

Growth

Employee satisfaction

HISTORY

Five people founded SAP in 1972: Herbert

Wellenreuther, Dietmar Hopp, Haas-Werner Hector,

Hasso Plattner, and Klaus Tschira. Initially working for

IBM, Wellenreuther developed a financial accounting

package for its customer. But SAP bought the rights from

the customer and started to design and implement the real-

time finance system as a standard package based on his

experience. Further they developed Materials

Management Systems. This was later converted to a

Standard Package.

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SAP’s Market

SAP markets its products all over the world

almost every industry imaginable, as well as governmentand educational institutions and hospitals. Some of the

industries served by SAP:

Automotive

Building and heavy construction

Building materials, clay and glass

Chemicals Clothing and textiles

Communications services and media

Consulting and software

Consumer packaged goods-food and nonfood

Education institutions and research

Electronic/optic and communications equipment

Financial services, banks, and insurance

Furniture

Government, public administration, and utility

services

Healthcare and hospitals

Industrial and commercial machinery

Museums and associations Oil and gas

Pharmaceuticals

Primary metal, metal products, and steel

Raw materials, mining, and agriculture

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Retail and wholesale

Ship, aerospace, and train construction

Storage, distribution, and shipping

Transportation services and tourism Utilities

Wood and paper

2. INTERACTING WITH THE SAP SYSTEMS

EXPLORING THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SYSTEM

AND USER

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The user interface of the SAP system presents

users with attractive and informative displays and enables

them to perform tasks easily and intuitively. It also allows

users to streamline repetitive tasks if those tasks cannot be

automated altogether.

A user is a person who has permission to use the

system and an identification code that tells the system

which password to expect for that authorized user.

The system supervisor to give the user

permission to user certain functions establishes a user

profile. For example: a user who has learned only to enter

purchase orders is not allowed to send them off to suppliers

without supervisor authorization.

Using tables in SAP applications has enabled the

customizations without affecting SAP’s reliability and

integrity.

The transaction concept has also been used in

SAP systems. This helps in business transaction while

receiving and delivering of the consignments.

INTERPRETING THE DOCUMENT PRINCIPLE

Posting of any account doesn’t succeed unless

debit equals credit. The entries for such a posting are not

valid unless it passes the validation tests applied.

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Successful posting to an account as a result of

the transaction is regarded by SAP as a self-contained and

coherent unit of data.

The unit is defined as an SAP document because

evidence of this posting event and details of the transaction

can be displayed in a standard document format. An SAP

document is a data object and must obey the rules of SAP

objects.

A data object is a cluster of data items recorded

as fields. Each field is allowed a maximum size and type of

content according to the defined data domain specification

assigned to it.

3. EXPLORING R/3 ARCHITECTURE

REVIEWING BASIC PRINCIPLES

SAP system is a BASIS system to which

application can be added. Each application has several

components that can be installed as required.

The standard business functions of the SAP R/3system can execute the full range of business system

processes used in almost every type of business enterprise.

MULTI-TIER CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE

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The R/3 system operates by using the

client/server principle applied across several levels. It is

highly modular, and the principle is applied primarily

through software so that the modes of interaction between

the various clients and servers can be controlled.

This multi-tier client/server architecture supports

the open system principles. Open System Principles allows

the interplay and portability of applications, data, and user

interfaces by adhering to international standards for these

elements. The work of IEEE is the basis of open system.

The international open interface systems embodied in the

R/3 system are TCP/IP, RPC, SQL, and OLE/DDE.

Other than UNIX, the R/3 system can run over the

operating systems like MPE/iX, OpenVMS, OS/400, and

Windows NT. Also portable with databases like IBM (DB2),

Informix, Oracle, Software AG, Sybase.

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CLIENT/SERVER COMMUNICATIONS

The architecture of R/3 allows various

protocols for communication between the elements of

the configuration. TCP/IP and open system Interface

(OSI) are examples.

4. INTRODUCING R/3 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

METHOD AND MEANS TO IMPLEMENT SAP

The extensive range of SAP standard softwaremodules allows any model of business flow to be

engineered. The precise details of each customized

installation are set up as the application programs are

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installed, configured, and customized. There are three

directions of development in the range of SAP products.

• Changes in the way companies do business are tracked

and sometimes anticipated by SAP – improved software

modules, such as R/3 workflow and control over it from

the interest of enable electronic commerce with

business partners and potential customers.

• SAP R/3 is made available in pre-configured forms

specifically designed for rapid implementation in a

particular type of industry.• Software systems are provided as tools to support the

process of changing businesses to increase profitability

by using computing and communications technologies.

SAP R/3 APPLICATIONS

An SAP R/3 application or module is a set of programs designed for a specific type of business data

processing. Each application is fully integrated with R/3

BASIS. This allows each application to communicate with

any other application

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

SAP R/2 is a system for mainframes. The

SAP R/3 system for open system architecture allows

medium-size companies and affiliates of corporations to take

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advantage of the highly integrated SAP software. It applies

the client/server concept across multiple levels.

SAP R/3 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

ADVANTAGES

SAP architecture embraces a complete

infrastructure of information processing. The SAP R/3

system is based on a system of layers, each operating in a

client/server manner with interfaces necessary for R/2 and

non-SAP systems. The SAP R/3 system is extremely portable

across operating systems, databases, and presentation

systems. Synchronous and asynchronous compiling

between applications is supported. The following are the

advantages of SAP R/3 software architecture.

• Scalability in response to demand

The multi-tier architecture based on the

client/server paradigm allows fresh equipment to be installed

at any level and to follow the load profiles and the requirement

for additional processing created by adding applications.

• Portable software

Software usually remains in use longer than

hardware. SAP software is exceptionally portable across

hardware and operating systems, and across database

systems.

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• Interoperability with PC applications

Object linking and embedding (OLE) interfaces

are provided, and remote function call (RFC) procedures allow

the SAP systems to integrate both the data and the functions

of the SAP R/3 system with those of PC applications and data

sources.

• Simple customizing without programming

Not only are the SAP systems readily adjustable

to fit exactly into the business requirement, but they come

with customizing tools to ensure that this adaptation is carried

out as easily and as accurately as possible without broaching

the protected standard business software functions, which

remain intact and efficiently integrated with the rest of the SAP

systems.

5. SAP SECURITY AND CONTROL

General Security Guidelines

In general terms, there is essentially nothing

special about the management of access security in an SAP

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environment. Various security systems are available for the

evaluation of information systems security like –

• Security policy

• Security organization

• Assets classification and control

• Personnel security

• Physical and environmental security

• Computer and network management

• System access control

•System development and maintenance

• Business continuity planning

• Compliance

6. ONLINE SERVICE SYSTEM

Introducing the Online Service System

During the implementation of the R/3 system, the

OSS – Online Service System is used to solve problems found

in a test system before they get to production. After the

production system is live, the usual purpose of the OSS is to

solve an existing problem thought to be a bug in the software,

for which there is a known SAP solution. If you do have any

areas of uncertainty, the components of the OSS – Online

Service System are available in your installation to help youidentify the reason and to see how to clear up the difficulty.

There is also a remote connection to the OSS library of error

notes organized so that you can search for a question that

corresponds to your query. When the system is clear about

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this, it offers some solution proposals. And as a fallback

position, the Online Service System facilitates a direct

communications link to the SAP service team will solve one’s

problem.

N O T E:- The full OSS - Online Service System can be

installed at a client site in the form of the Customer

Competence Center, which specializes in solving the SAP R/3

system problems of a particular company.

Exploring R/3 Online Services

The main elements of the online services

follow:-

• SAP OSS – Online Service System.

• Customer Competence Center with own OSS updated

from the SAP OSS.

• Local SAP Help Desk.

• SAP R/3 Help Desk

• EarlyWatch

• Remote consulting

• Hot news and Upgrade Services

• SAP Error Notes database

• Online Error Correction

• Upgrade Support on Weekends

Benefits of Online Service System

The full ranges of the OSS – Online Service

System and the SAP Remote Services software and

communications equipment have a comprehensive and

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powerful support system. This characteristics feature lets you

assistance and has an automatic fault-location service up to a

consulting visit, with information provided selectively and

automatically at every level.

The lists of benefits of this system are as follows:

-

Continuous problem processing worldwide

Immediate first-level customer service

Direct access to the error notes database

Problem prevention

Review of the progress and history of a problem solution

process

Access to SAP staff and SAP partners

Communication with other SAP R/3 users

Latest information on SAP R/3 products

Using the SAP EarlyWatch System

The EarlyWatch system provides a proactive

method of monitoring customer SAP R/3 systems by

conducting regular analyses. Teams of experts at SAP carry

out remote diagnosis of customer SAP R/3 installations

worldwide.

Monitoring

The following elements can fall within the scope

of EarlyWatch remote diagnosis:

• Network components

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• Operating system

• Database

• SAP applications and configurations

7. USING THE SAP R/3 INFORMATION

DATABASE The SAP R/3 information database provides you

with the latest information about SAP R/3 products and

releases. In particular, the database carries the following

types of data:

• SAP R/3 development strategy and product planning• System development and delivery dates

• Duration of the maintenance period of new releases

• SAP R/3 services and certified SAP partners

• Training course enrollment calendar

• Available documents and publications in other media

• Technical information concerning remote connections

and network products

Important Accessing Information Resources

• Service Guidelines. Descriptions of the SAP R/3

services

• Product Guidelines. Marketing information and

brochures.

• Documentation. Includes SAP R/3 handbooks,

upgrade and installation instructions, and release

information.

• Presentations. Include the SAP visual CD-ROM

programs.

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8. CONCLUSION

The SAP organization has always had a policy of

continuous business development. The driving forces are the

need to keep up with the marketplace in product and

requirement details and also the need to meet the evolving

legal obligations placed on companies. With the increasing

revenues and global consolidations, control, security and

reliability are paramount, and SAP doesn’t disappoint.

A good understanding of how SAP modules

integrate with each other should give you the ability to

maximize the benefits from its implementation. Success is

based as much on your knowledge of the business and what

you are trying to achieve as it is on understanding the system.

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REFERENCE SITES

http://www. mysap.com/

http://www.sap.com/

http://www.mysap.com/history.html

http://www.mysap customer relationship

management/

REFERENCE BOOK

Using SAP R/3 (Third Edition)

-- By ASAP World Consultancy

&

Jonathan Blain

http://www.sap.com/


http://www.sap.com/


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