Ergonomic Ergonomic factors in factors in metal metal recycling recycling sector: A sector: A challenge for challenge for ergonomic ergonomic intervention intervention Theoni Koukoulaki Theoni Koukoulaki (presentation: Antonis (presentation: Antonis Targoutzidis) Targoutzidis)
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Ergonomic factors in metal recycling sector: A challenge for ergonomic intervention Theoni Koukoulaki (presentation: Antonis Targoutzidis)
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Ergonomic factors Ergonomic factors in metal recycling in metal recycling sector: A challenge sector: A challenge for ergonomic for ergonomic interventionintervention
Methods for assessment of ergonomic factors (QEC, RULA, KIM)
Painful work posts
Results of assessment in a sample of duties
General ergonomic principles
Proposed interventions
StructureStructure
Repetitive work
Painful body postures (extreme or static)
Use of force
Standing
Manual weight handling
Psychosocial factors
Ergonomic factors in recyclingErgonomic factors in recycling
18 systems for alternative handling, involving:Packaging (4)Vehicles (1)Electrical and electronic equipment (equipment, lamps)Lubricants (1)Used batteries (4)Used car tires (1)Construction and demolition waste (4)
Recycling sector in GreeceRecycling sector in Greece
27 units for packaging waste105 units for vehicles’ lifecycle end9 units for electrical and electronic equipment7 units for lubricant oil regeneration7 units for lead acid batteries6 units for mechanical processing, 1 for power exploitation, 1 for cutting
Recycling sector in GreeceRecycling sector in Greece
QEC (Quick Exposure Check),Geoffrey D., Woods V., Li. G., Buckle, P., The development of the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) for assessing exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Appl Ergon., 2007
QEC assesses the exposure of upper limbs, QEC assesses the exposure of upper limbs, neck and back in static and dynamic duties. It neck and back in static and dynamic duties. It is one of the most recent methods for is one of the most recent methods for assessment of MSDsassessment of MSDs. .
Exposure levels are assessed for various work Exposure levels are assessed for various work postures, repetitive movements, use of force postures, repetitive movements, use of force and duration for various parts of body. It also and duration for various parts of body. It also takes interactions into accounttakes interactions into account..
Methods for assessment of Methods for assessment of ergonomic factorsergonomic factors
QEC (Quick Exposure CheckQEC (Quick Exposure Check))Duration of the taskDuration of the taskJ1 Less than 2 hoursJ2 2-4 hoursJ3 over 4 hours
Shoulder/ArmShoulder/ArmC Position of hands:C1 Waist heightC2 Chest heightC3 over shoulders
D D Shoulder arm movementShoulder arm movement D1 RareD2 Frequent D3 Very frequent
WeightWeightH1 light (5 kg or less)H2 moderate (6 -10 Kg)H3 heavy (11- 20 Kg)H4 very heavy (> 20 Kg)
Risk levelScore Low Medium High Very highS1: Back (static) 8-15 16-22 23-29 29-40S2: Back (dynamic) 10-20 21-30 31-40 41-56S3: Shoulder/arm 10-20 21-30 31-40 41-56S4: Wrist/hand 10-20 21-30 31-40 41-56S5: Neck 4-6 8-10 12-14 16-18
(Atamney et al, 1993),
It is a method for assessment of effects of It is a method for assessment of effects of repetitive movements on body, upper limbs repetitive movements on body, upper limbs and neckand neck. . Body postures are written down and scored Body postures are written down and scored through a check list.through a check list. Force required by muscles is estimated and Force required by muscles is estimated and scoredscored. . A global index risk combines all above scores A global index risk combines all above scores and action levels are definedand action levels are defined..
Steinberg, U.; Caffier, G.; Liebers, F.: Assessment of Manual Material Handling based on Key Indicators – German Guidelines. In: Handbook of Standards in Ergonomics and Human Factors. Ed. by W. Karwowski. Lawrenz Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, New Jersey, London 2006. S. 319-338
AssessmentAssessmentLifting and carrying tasksLifting and carrying tasksPushing and pulling tasksPushing and pulling tasks
The worker must have access to The worker must have access to working surface without twisting or working surface without twisting or stretching without particular stretching without particular reasonreason. .
Avoid strainful work postures by Avoid strainful work postures by redesigning work posts or redesigning work posts or reduction in exposurereduction in exposure. .
Avoid working on floor. Use working Avoid working on floor. Use working tablestables..
Suspend equipment from ceiling to Suspend equipment from ceiling to reduce strainreduce strain. .
General ergonomic principlesGeneral ergonomic principles
Avoid prolonged standing where possibleAvoid prolonged standing where possible..
If a task does not require high force and If a task does not require high force and can be performed in confined space the can be performed in confined space the worker can be sittingworker can be sitting. .
Sit/stand for works requiring sitting and Sit/stand for works requiring sitting and standing.standing.
Resting and breaksResting and breaks
General ergonomic principlesGeneral ergonomic principles
Investigation for pre-cutting of materials (reduction in initial Investigation for pre-cutting of materials (reduction in initial volume and weight of scrap)volume and weight of scrap)
Handling less volume – better material storage before Handling less volume – better material storage before processingprocessing
Changes in productivity assessment (e.g. by table, collaboration)Changes in productivity assessment (e.g. by table, collaboration)
Assessment based on material’s handling difficulty (e.g. Assessment based on material’s handling difficulty (e.g. materials with cables) and not only based on weightmaterials with cables) and not only based on weight
Resting and breaksResting and breaks
Use of grapnels for “hair opening” in copperUse of grapnels for “hair opening” in copper
Changes in the shape of table and placement of bins to avoid Changes in the shape of table and placement of bins to avoid upper limb stretching and body twistingupper limb stretching and body twisting
Proposed interventionsProposed interventions
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Use of mechanical lifts and conveyors for lifting white devices Use of mechanical lifts and conveyors for lifting white devices and other heavy weights to reduce manual handling.and other heavy weights to reduce manual handling.
AutomatisationAutomatisation
Training in correct manual lifting and breaksTraining in correct manual lifting and breaks
Better arrangement of materials around the press to reduce Better arrangement of materials around the press to reduce carrying large bagscarrying large bags
Conveyors must have he correct height and width to avoid Conveyors must have he correct height and width to avoid bending and stretchingbending and stretching
Improvement of tables in electronics and placement of waste Improvement of tables in electronics and placement of waste bins on conveyorsbins on conveyors