EPA Edison - Innovative Stormwater Real-Time Control

Water Information Systems Water Information Systems Innovative Applications of Distributed Innovative Applications of Distributed

Real-Time Control and Ambient Real-Time Control and Ambient Information Systems for Storm Water Information Systems for Storm Water

and CSO Controland CSO Control

What is Technically Feasible and What is Technically Feasible and Practicable Now? Practicable Now?

Marcus Quigley, P.E. (CA), D.WRE, CPESCMarcus Quigley, P.E. (CA), D.WRE, CPESC

Geosyntec ConsultantsGeosyntec Consultants

Brookline, MABrookline, MA

The Big Picture What roles can and should technology play in What roles can and should technology play in

addressing specific urban water control problems?addressing specific urban water control problems? Can passive approaches achieve optimal solutions Can passive approaches achieve optimal solutions

given the realities of the built environment?given the realities of the built environment? What can we do with dynamic intelligent controls?What can we do with dynamic intelligent controls? What is the state of the art?What is the state of the art? Where are we heading? Where are we heading?

Initial ResearchInitial ResearchReal-Time Tide Gate Retrofit for Salt Mash RestorationReal-Time Tide Gate Retrofit for Salt Mash Restoration

Patent # 60/850,600 and 11/869,927

Real-Time Control – EPA 2006Real-Time Control – EPA 2006

Local Manual Control Local Automatic Control

Supervisory ControlAutomatic (Remote) Regional

Control

Automatic System-wide Global Control

Predictive System-wide Global Control

Recent Innovation by Others Recent Innovation by Others EmNet, Inc.EmNet, Inc.

(Timothy Ruggaber et al., 2008)(Timothy Ruggaber et al., 2008)

Novel Optimization Strategies (Wan and Lemmon)

Other Technologies – ZigBee Mesh NetworksOther Technologies – ZigBee Mesh Networks

Wellspring’s Aqura System (2009)

AMR

The ToolsThe Tools Distributed System DesignsDistributed System Designs

ScalableScalable Integrate/network systemsIntegrate/network systems

Embedded Models (VS-SWMM)Embedded Models (VS-SWMM) Runoff block calculations Runoff block calculations Internet rainfall data source or on-siteInternet rainfall data source or on-site

On-board compilersOn-board compilers Integrated web serversIntegrated web servers IP communicationsIP communications

Examples of What Can We AccomplishExamples of What Can We Accomplish

HydrologyHydrology Pre-development hydrograph matchingPre-development hydrograph matching

• HydromodificationHydromodification Site level CSO dynamic controlSite level CSO dynamic control

ReuseReuse Combination detention/reuse/harvesting facilitiesCombination detention/reuse/harvesting facilities

Water QualityWater Quality Adaptive detention time optimizationsAdaptive detention time optimizations

Scale IssuesScale Issues Site level systems acting at watershed scalesSite level systems acting at watershed scales

Predictive ManagementPredictive Management Integrate internet accessible sources into operational decisions Integrate internet accessible sources into operational decisions

(e.g., forecasts)(e.g., forecasts)

HydromodHydromod

Effective Work Index (W)

Range of Geomorphically Significant flows

Characteristics of Bed and

Bank Materials

c bi

Stream Flow

tWn

icbi

5.1

1

c

Normal Dry Weather Flow Level

Erosion Potential (Ep)Erosion Potential (Ep)

Post-UrbanPost-Urban

Pre-UrbanPre-Urban

Work DoneWork Done

TimeTime

Shear Shear StresStres

ss

pre

post

W

WEp tW

n

icbi

5.1

1

c

Concept behind flow duration Concept behind flow duration control standardcontrol standard

Pre vs. Post-Development Flow

Flow Bins

Fre

qu

en

cy (

cou

nts

)

Pre-Development Flows

Post-Development Flows

Post-Development Flows with Duration Control

Flow Bins

Fre

qu

en

cy (

cou

nts

)Matching Flow

Duration

QcQc

Flow-Duration Example 1Flow-Duration Example 1(Orange County, Gobernadora Canyon)(Orange County, Gobernadora Canyon)

Cumulative Frequency Distribution Gobernadora Catchment 3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 1 10 100 1000 10000

HOURS OF FLOWS HIGHER OR EQUAL TO Q

FLO

W (C

FS)

Pre-Urban Runoff to Stream

Post-Urban Runoff to Stream

Post Urban Runoff with Controls

Cumulative Frequency DistributionChiquita Catchment 13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 1 10 100 1000 10000

HOURS OF FLOWS HIGHER OR EQUAL TO Q

FLO

W (C

FS)

Pre-Urban Runoff to Stream

Post-Urban Runoff to Stream

Post-Urban Runoff with Controls

Flow-Duration Example 2 (Orange County, Chiquita Canyon)

What would be ideal?What would be ideal? Hydrograph matchingHydrograph matching Even better - model matchingEven better - model matching

Arbitrary watershed characteristicsArbitrary watershed characteristics Embedded modelEmbedded model Enables adaptive managementEnables adaptive management

VS-SWMMVS-SWMM Use desktop Model input filesUse desktop Model input files Same algorithmsSame algorithms Significant permitting advantages Significant permitting advantages

Advanced RainwaterAdvanced RainwaterHarvesting SystemsHarvesting Systems

Onsite Rainwater UseOnsite Rainwater Use PassivePassive

Rain barrel with drip hoseRain barrel with drip hose

Manually ControlledManually Controlled On-demand use On-demand use

Active Conventionally Controlled (“Harvesting”)Active Conventionally Controlled (“Harvesting”) Connected as non-potable water supply or irrigationConnected as non-potable water supply or irrigation Float switch drawdown or siphonFloat switch drawdown or siphon

Advanced Harvesting ControlledAdvanced Harvesting Controlled Optimized to minimize bypass or achieve other goalsOptimized to minimize bypass or achieve other goals

Advanced HarvestingAdvanced Harvesting

Simplest DefinitionSimplest Definition

Drain storage in advance of predicted rainfall Drain storage in advance of predicted rainfall or other triggeror other trigger

Roof Runoff

Irrigation

Stream

Conventional Harvesting SystemConventional Harvesting System

Non-potable Use

Overflow

Roof Runoff

Irrigation

Stream

Advanced Harvesting SystemAdvanced Harvesting System

Controlled Discharge

Non-potable Use

Overflow

Hardware DesignHardware Design Processor/ControllerProcessor/Controller

32-bit ARM 7 32-bit ARM 7 • 6 x 10 bit A/D I/O6 x 10 bit A/D I/O• 1 x 10 bit D/A I/O1 x 10 bit D/A I/O• 31 Digital I/O channels31 Digital I/O channels• 5000 lines of code 5000 lines of code • 10Mb Ethernet/IP Stack10Mb Ethernet/IP Stack• Built in web serverBuilt in web server• Embedded compilerEmbedded compiler• <1 W power consumption<1 W power consumption

CostCost <$40<$40

Rapid prototyping of daughter boardsRapid prototyping of daughter boards Other Systems – Single Board ComputersOther Systems – Single Board Computers

Advanced Harvesting Controller

5”

7”

Summary of FindingsSummary of Findings

Advanced harvesting systems function Advanced harvesting systems function nearly identically to control storm water nearly identically to control storm water independent of water use rates.independent of water use rates.

Reasonable conventional systems are Reasonable conventional systems are relatively ineffective for mitigating storm relatively ineffective for mitigating storm water peak discharge impacts on CSOs.water peak discharge impacts on CSOs.

Modeling Results – Flows to CSOModeling Results – Flows to CSO

Flow (cfs)

Per

cent

Le

ss T

han

Modeling Results – Frequent Flows to CSOModeling Results – Frequent Flows to CSO

Flow (cfs)

Per

cent

Le

ss T

han

Modeling Results – High Peak Discharges to CSOModeling Results – High Peak Discharges to CSO

Flow (cfs)

Hou

rs G

reat

er T

han

Water Information SystemsWater Information Systems

Saw a need to integrate forecast information Saw a need to integrate forecast information into distributed RTC systems.into distributed RTC systems.

What is the least expensive means for What is the least expensive means for getting data from the internet into the field getting data from the internet into the field

for real time control?for real time control?

•Move digital information “off the screen into the physical environment, manifesting itself as subtle changes in form, movement, sound, color, smell, temperature, or light. Ambient displays are well suited as a means to keep users aware of… general states of large systems…” (Ishii et al:, 1998)

Ambient Information SystemsAmbient Information Systems

•“Ambient displays have the ambitious goal of presenting information without distracting or burdening the user.” (Mankoff et al. 2003)

Ambient Information SystemsAmbient Information Systems

Ambient Information in Electric Ambient Information in Electric Power Use/Grid FeedbackPower Use/Grid Feedback

Analog MetersAnalog Meters Digital MetersDigital Meters Automated Meter ReadingAutomated Meter Reading Fixed Data Collection Networks/AMIFixed Data Collection Networks/AMI Web AccessWeb Access Online Dashboards/Hardware Online Dashboards/Hardware

DashboardsDashboards Integrated Smart Controllers/Self- Integrated Smart Controllers/Self-

Organizing NetworksOrganizing Networks Ambient Information ServicesAmbient Information Services Intelligent AgentsIntelligent Agents

Water Meter Technology ProgressionWater Meter Technology Progression

Ann Arbor, MIAnn Arbor, MI Web AccessWeb Access

Boston, MABoston, MA Web AccessWeb Access

Ambient Water Information SystemsAmbient Water Information SystemsGoal Information Conveyed to

IndividualTarget Outcomes

Reduce Consumptive Use Waste

Individual feedback on weekly cumulative water use, water pricing data, and/or system demand. Information regarding irrigation consumption best practice based on weather and/or climatic data. Indicating and alerting individuals to changes in local regulatory actions relative to consumptive use such as irrigation bans.

Reductions in consumptive use and changes in timing of use as a result of feedback and awareness of impacts.

Optimize Storm Water Control Usage

Information on how to optimize use of storm water controls that require individual participation (e.g., rain barrel, blue roof, or cistern management).

Optimal use of Rain Barrels or other controls which require operator control and decision making (e.g., drain or leave full) for volume control in urbanized areas.

Reduce CSO Impacts

Information regarding receiving water quality and CSO status in combined sewer areas.

Consumptive use changes based on direct impacts on receiving waters. These could include but are not limited to timing or other decisions about consumptive use and decisions about waste water quality (e.g., what do I send down the drain at a given time).

Water Beacon System DesignWater Beacon System Design

Geosyntec Water Beacon Server•Account Information•Conservation Targets•Water Bans/Alerts•Watch/Warning Source Data (e.g., CSO)•Telemetry Data (e.g., gauge data, flow)•Real-Time Modeling (e.g., Streeter Phelps)

Scheduled Query

Query Results

Color and Animation Data to Ambient Devices Servers

With Permission - Copyright Ambient Devices © 2008

With Permission - Copyright Ambient Devices © 2008

With Permission - Copyright Ambient Devices © 2008

With Permission - Copyright Ambient Devices © 2008

Thank You!Thank You!