Environmental Pollution - Watumull Institute of ...

Environmental Pollution

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 1

THINGS TO BE LEARNED…

Definition

Causes, effects and control measures of-

Air pollution

Water pollution

Soil pollution

Marine pollution

Noise pollution

Thermal pollution

Nuclear hazards


Continued…

Solid waste management

Causes, effects and control measures

Role of individual in prevention of pollution

Pollution case studies

Disaster management

Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones, Landslides


Definition

Pollution :-

Pollution is the harmful alteration of our

environment by our own actions.

“Undesirable changes in our

surroundings that have harmful effects

on plants, animals and human beings.”


Pollutants :-

Unwanted by-products

Our activities responsible

The residues of things used and which is

thrown away


Pollutants

Degradable

Domestic Sewage

Slowly Degradable

Pesticides

Non Degradable

Lead, Mercury



Air pollution

Definition:-

“Presence of undesirable solid or

gaseous particles in the air.”

History of air pollution:-

In beginning of 20th century with

development in transportation systems and use

of petrol and diesel.


Structure of atmosphere

1. Troposphere (0-12 km)

2. Stratosphere (12-50 km)

3. Mesosphere (50-80 km)

4. Thermosphere (80-320 km)


Types and sources of Air Pollutants

Primary pollutants

Secondary pollutants


Primary pollutants like natural events (Dust

storms, volcano's), human activities (Vehicles,

industries)

Secondary pollutants includes sulphuric acids,

nitric acids which are produced because of

chemical reactions.


Causes

Automobile emissions Combustion of coal


Power plants


Paint fumes and Aerosol sprays


Wildfires


Nuclear tests


Smog


Effects of Air pollution

On Plants


On living organisms


On materials-Abrasion & Corrosion

On stratosphere


On Ozone Layer


On Climate Greenhouse effect


Control measures

Control at the source only-

1. Use of gravitational settling chambers

2. Wet scrubbers

3. Centrifugal separators

4. Electrostatic precipitators


Continued…

Putting greater emphasis on prevention


Continued… Reducing use of fossil fuels

Improving quality of vehicular fuel

Increasing use of renewable energy


Summary…

..\..\Videos\5.1 Air Pollution Causes,

Effects And Solutions.mp4


../../Videos/5.1 Air Pollution Causes, Effects And Solutions.mp4








Water pollution

“Introduction of chemical, biological

and physical matter into large bodies of

water that degrade the quality of life

that lives in it and consumes it.”


Sources of water pollution


Sources

Point Sources Non Point Sources


Water Pollution Sources

1. Point sources

Discharge at specific locations

Easier to identify, monitor, regulate

2. Nonpoint sources

Runoff of chemicals and sediment

Agriculture

Control is difficult and expensive



Common Water Pollutants

Inorganic Plant Nutrients

Organic chemicals

Oxygen demanding Wastes

Water-soluble inorganic chemicals

Sediment / Suspended Matter

Radioactive Substances

Disease causing agents

Heat


Causes

50%

25%

12%

8% 5%

Domestic Sewage Erosion Detergants

Pesticides Leaded Gasoline


Factories and Refineries


Waste treatment facilities

Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers


Oil spills


Household chemicals and Animal waste


Effects On aquatic ecosystem

Biological magnification

-Certain pollutants concentrations in food

chain and food webs.


• On human health


Hazards of ground water pollution


Eutrophication

Increase in nutrients level in water (Algae)


Control measures

Disinfection of water-Chlorination

Sedimentation-Removal of suspended particles

Filtration

Prohibition on washing clothes, directly bathing in

tanks.


Continued… Sewage treatment.

Hot water cooling before releasing from power

plants.

Excessive use of fertilizers should be avoided.


Excessive use of fertilizers should be avoided.

Oil spilling cleaning

-A by product of paper industry resembling saw

dust


Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.

3 stages of water treatment 1. Primary

Solids are separated

2. Secondary

Dissolved biological matter is converted into

a solid mass by using water-borne bacteria

95% of the suspended molecules should be

removed

3. Tertiary

Biological solids are neutralized then

disposed, and treated water may be

disinfected chemically or physically

45

Case Study-Minamata Disease


Summary…

..\..\Videos\5.2 water pollution.mp4


../../Videos/5.2 water pollution.mp4







Soil pollution

“Pollution of the Earth’s natural land

surface by industrial, commercial, domestic

and agricultural activities.”


Causes

Discarded materials like rubber, plastic

Garbage


Industrial and Chemical wastes

Pesticides (chemicals used to kill insects

defined as pests)

Herbicides (chemicals used to kill plant

life, particularly weeds)

Fertilizers



Radioactive fallout from mines, radioactive plants

Other pollutants (Acid rain)


Effects

Soil erosion

Decreased Soil production capacity

Reduced water holding capacity

Salination Of Soil

Effect on terrestrial and aquatic life

Health hazards-Chronic diseases due to

domestic garbage


Control Measures

Proper treatment of industrial waste


Special pits or low lying areas for dumping of

wastes.


Production of biogas from agricultural waste.

Reduce Use of chemical fertilizers

Recycling of some materials like paper, glass

Improvement in mining techniques

Proper collection and disposal of waste

(Pneumatic pipes)


Noise pollution


Definition-

“Excessive, displeasing environmental

noise which is created by human or

machine, that disrupts the activity or

balance of humans”

In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound

released in atmosphere


Permissible levels of sound-

Zones Day (6 to 21 hrs) Night (21 to 6 hrs)

Industry 75 dB 70 dB

Commercial 65 dB 55 dB

Residential 55 dB 45 dB

Silent zone 50 dB 40 dB


Causes

Industries (Textile, Mfg)

Vehicles (Tanks, Artillery)

Domestic gadgets

Public address systems

Nanjing – 105 dB

Mumbai - 82 dB


Effects

Physical Physiological

Psychological


Effects

Effect on hearing ability (Ear drum, sensory

cells)

Effect on general health (Stress, Anxiety,

Heart rate)


Control measures

Proper maintenance of machines

Sound proof chambers for noisy machines

Location of industries away from human

settlements

Silence zones


Control over vibrations

Planting coniferous trees around roads.

Installation of sound barriers

Protective devices such as ear muffs,

cotton plugs.


Thermal pollution

Sources, effects and control measures

of thermal pollution


Nuclear Energy *Uses *Nuclear hazards


Solid Waste Management


35%

27%

12%

11%

8% 5% 2%

Composition Of Urban Waste

Food

Plastic

Leaves & Street Garbage

Paper

Glass & Ceramics

Metals

Rubber & Other


Causes and Classification of Waste

Biodegradable waste


Non-Biodegradable waste


Toxic Waste


Non-toxic waste

Biomedical waste


Effects

Spoilage of landscape

Soil Pollution (Effect on soil)

Health hazards

Effect on terrestrial and aquatic life


Control measures

Composting

Vermiculture


Recycling


Incineration (combustion of organic

substances )


Land Filling




Role of individual in

prevention of

pollution


Respect for all forms of life.

Reduce use of wood and paper

Recycle paper products

Cut down use of CFC’s

Renewable energy sources

Public transport instead of private vehicles

Rechargeable batteries to reduce metal pollution

Protect trees from cutting

Save electricity


Avoid asking plastic bags

Garbage separation

Do not litter the roads and surroundings

Understand natural and cultural assets

Remember

Environment protection begins with

YOU…


Disaster Management


Disaster

“Extreme event which exceed the

tolerable magnitude within or beyond

certain limits, which results in loss of

property, income and lives”


Disasters…

..\..\Videos\5.4 Disaster Management.flv


../../Videos/5.4 Disaster Management.flv







Various disasters:-

Cyclones

Floods

Droughts

Earthquakes

Landslides


Cyclones Causes

..\..\Videos\5.5 Tropical cyclones.flv

Mitigation measures-

Installation of early warning systems

Developing communication infrastructure

Developing Shelter belts

Developing community cyclone shelters

Training and education

Land use control in coastal belts


../../Videos/5.5 Tropical cyclones.flv







Floods


Flood Control Measures

Structural

Improved drainage

Reservoirs

Floodwalls

Anti erosion measures

Non-structural

Disaster preparations

Maintaining flood

forecasting

Warning systems

Public health measures

Flood insurance


Landslides

Reasons like climate, earthquakes, changing land

use

Physically controlling of land slides

Prevent exposure of population

Drainage measures

Erosion measure control

Rock fall control measures- Grass Plantation


Earthquakes

Motion of ground surface, sudden shaking

of earth crust.

Rocks under stress accumulate strain

energy over time.

When stress exceeds strength of rocks,

rock breaks.

Causes

1. Natural

2. Human activities (Underground Nuclear

Tests)



Richter Scale Severity

Less than 4 Insignificant

4-4.9 Minor

5-5.9 Damaging

6-6.9 Destructive

7-7.9 Major

More than 8 Great


Effects:-

i. Short range (Claims many lives, Damage to

property, Floods, Tsunamis, Fires)

ii. Long range (Regional changes, River shifting)

Mitigation Measures:-

i. Earthquake resistant buildings in earthquake

prone areas e.g. Wooden houses in Japan

ii. Coordination between government, local

NGOs for rescue and rehabilitation for

mitigation



Mitigation: any activity that reduces either the

chance of a hazard taking place or a hazard turning

into disaster.

Risk reduction: anticipatory measures and actions

that seek to avoid future risks as a result of a

disaster.

Prevention: avoiding a disaster even at the

eleventh hour.

Preparedness: plans or preparations made to save

lives or property, and help the response and rescue

service operations. This phase covers

implementation/operation, early warning systems

and capacity building so the population will react

appropriately when an early warning is issued.


Response: includes actions taken to save lives and

prevent property damage, and to preserve the

environment during emergencies or disasters. The

response phase is the implementation of action

plans.

Recovery: includes actions that assist a community

to return to a sense of normalcy after a disaster.


Disaster management

Relief measures

Disaster predictions

Disaster research

Education

Geographic Information Systems


Case studies on pollution


Have you ever imagined

What will happen

If

We don’t think of

Environment??


GO BACK!! Nothing is left

in future. Not even

FRESH AIR to breathe…


We wont be able to survive

Without masks!!!

102 Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.

Aliens will be laughing at Our planet…



When you’ll become mummies and daddies..

You’ll say to your kids…

You need to go inside and get some fresh

air!


“Duniya me hum aye

hain to jeena hi

padega,

Hawaa me agar hai

ZEHER toh sehna hi

padega”

Nahiiiiiiii…


Before its TOO LATE,

WAKE UP PEOPLE!!!


“If you want to act

Green,

first think

Green”


Go Green…

Videos\5.6 Ways 2 Go Green Right

Now.mp4


Videos/5.6 Ways 2 Go Green Right Now.mp4





Thank You…


Environmental Pollution - Watumull Institute of ...

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