HIMACHAL PRADESH POWER CORPORATION LIMITED (HPPCL) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR CHANJU-III HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT, HIMACHAL PRADESH WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking) 76 C, Sector 18, Gurgaon - 122015, Haryana, INDIA Tel. +91-124-2397396, Fax. +91-124-2397392 Email: [email protected]AUGUST 2017 VOLUME-I EIA REPORT (A STATE GOVERNMENT UNDERTAKING)
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HIMACHAL PRADESH POWER CORPORATION LIMITED (HPPCL)
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR CHANJU-III HYDRO ELECTRIC
PROJECT, HIMACHAL PRADESH
WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking)
Figure 8.3: Seasonal variation in the floral composition at Chanju-III HE Project
Figure 9.1: Demographic profile of study area villages
Figure-9.2: Caste profile of study area villages
Figure-9.3: Literacy profile of Study Area Villages
Figure-9.4: Occupational profile of Study Area Villages
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
The state of Himachal Pradesh is located in the vicinity of Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal
ranges of Western Himalaya and
te has a geographical area of 55,673 sq
km demarcated into 12 districts, 109 tehsils/sub-tehsils and 57 urban areas with a total
population of 68, 64,602 persons as per 2011 Census.
The geographic location and physiography of the state result in varying climatic conditions
and diverse natural ecosystems. The variations in climatic conditions range from lower
tropical regions to cold and alpine conditions in the upper regions. Many areas in the north
and east in Himachal Pradesh are snow-bound and glaciated. These glaciers are the source
of many perennial river systems in the state.
Himachal Pradesh is endowed with about 23000 MW of exploitable hydro potential,
excluding about 750 MW in small /mini/micro hydel potential, in its five river basins. Being
environment friendly source of energy, Government of India /State Government of
Himachal Pradesh has encouraged participation of state as well as private sector in its
development in a big way, with renewed set of incentives for its exploitation.
The State Government of Himachal Pradesh has allotted 20 Projects to Himachal Pradesh
Power Corporation Ltd. (HPPCL) with aggregate installed capacity of 3104 MW, for
development under state sector. HPPCL has drawn a plan to execute these projects
in a phased manner based on the infrastructure and evacuation arrangement available at
these project sites.
In phase-I construction of five Hydro Electric Power Projects aggregating to 856 MW viz
Sawra Kuddu (111 MW), Kashang Stage I (65 MW), Kashang Stage II &III (130 MW), Sainj (100
MW) and Shongtong Karcham (450 MW) has been taken.
Ten projects with an installed capacity of 1366 MW viz, Renuka Dam Project HEP (40MW)
Chirgaon Majhgaon HEP (60 MW), Kashang Stage-IV (48 MW), Gyspa dam Project (300 MW),
Surgani Sundla HEP (48 MW), Nakthan (520 MW), Thana Plaun HEP (191 MW) and Triveni
Mahadev HEP (78 MW), Deothal Chanju HEP (33 MW) and Chanju-III HEP (48 MW) has been
taken in second phase. In these projects survey and investigation works and DPR
preparation is in progress. Two projects namely Renuka Dam Project (40 MW) in
district Sirmour and Gyspa Dam Project (300 MW) in district Lahul & Spiti has been
declared as projects of national importance by Government of India. These projects are to
be funded by Government of India to the extent of 90% of the project cost and 10% will be
paid by the other beneficiary states.
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Five projects totaling installed capacity of 882 MW shall be taken up in third phase and
preliminary survey and investigation works is being taken up. At these project sites road
works is in progress and transmission network is being developed. These projects are
Saichu (58 MW), Chhoti Saichu (26 MW), Saichu-Sach Khas (117 MW), Lujai (45 MW) and
Khab (636MW). The list of these projects is given in Table-1.1.
Table-1.1: The list of hydroelectric projects under various stages of implimentation S. No. Name of Projects Capacity A) PHASE-I Projects (Under Execution) State Sector 1. Sawra Kuddu HEP 111 MW 2. Kashang HEP Stage-I 65 MW 3. Kashang HEP Stage-II&III 130 MW 4. Sainj HEP 100 MW 5. Shongtong Karcham HEP 450 MW Sub Total (A) 856 MW
B) PHASE-II Projects (Under Investigation) State Sector 6. Chirgaon Majhgaon HEP 60 MW 7. Kashang HEP (Stage-IV) 48 MW 8. Surgani Sundla HEP 48 MW 9. Nakthan HEP 520 MW 10. Thana Plaun HEP 191 MW 11. Triveni Mahadev HEP 78 MW 12. Chanju III HEP 48 MW 13. Deothal Chanju HEP 33 MW Projects of National Importance 14. Renuka Dam HEP 40 MW 15. Gyspa HEP 300 MW Sub Total (B) 1366 MW C) PHASE-III Projects (Under Pre-Feasibility Stage ) 16. Chhoti Saichu HEP 26 MW 17. Saichu Sach Khas HEP 117 MW 18. Lujai HEP 45 MW 19. Saichu HEP 58 MW 20. Khab HEP 636 MW Sub Total (C) 882 MW Grand Total (A+B+C) 3104 MW
1.2 PROJECT PROFILE
The proposed Chanju-III HEP in District Chamba of Himachal Pradesh is a run of river scheme
on Chanju nallah, a left bank tributary of Baira Nallah which in turn is a left bank tributary
of Siul river in Ravi basin. The project proposal envisages utilization of the waters of Chanju
nallah and Mahed nallah for power generation. The project envisages construction of a
trench type diversion weir across Chanju khad at El± 2100 m, a water conductor system
comprising of feeder channel/tunnel underground desilting tank, head race tunnel,
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underground forebay tank, pressure shaft and underground power house. From Mahed
nallah, it is proposed to construct Trench Weir across Mahed nallah and the diverted water
shall be led to desilting tank, which shall be designed to exclude all silt particles down to
+0.20 mm and from there the water shall be fed through connecting tunnel to head race
tunnel from Chanju nallah. Power house located on the left bank of Chanju nallah just
upstream of confluence of Mahed nallah & Chanju nallah shall house three units of 16 MW
each. Power house shall have three generating units of 16000 kW each along with
auxiliary facilities such as cooling water/potable water supply system, fire fighting system,
compressed air supply, oil system, ventilation and air conditioning system. Power house is
located just upstream of confluence of Mahed Nallah with Chanju Nallah.
Chanju nallah is a left bank tributary of Baira river which in turn is a tributary of Siul River in
Ravi Basin. It is a perennial nallah which originates at Kundi Mural Lake at an elevation of ±
4360 m and flows mostly in south-westerly to westerly direction before it joins Baira River. The
project is located near village Dantoi in District Chamba of Himachal Pradesh. The scheme is
located between latitude 32o42 15 to 32o-42 -59 N and longitude 76o20 07 to 76o16 35
E. The location map is enclosed as Figure-1.1.
1.3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
Under the Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1986, various rules/notifications/acts have
been promulgated to control pollution and manage environmental issues. EIA Notification,
2006 imposes certain restrictions and prohibitions on new projects or activities, or on the
expansion or modernization of existing projects or activities based on their potential
environmental impacts. These project categories are listed in the notification and
clearance process defined based on their capacities to obtain prior environmental
clearance.
various projects. Hydroelectric projects are considered as Red Category projects by
HPPCB. Forest and Fisheries Department of Himachal Pradesh have also issued specific
notification with respect to Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) and Fisheries management
applicable on hydroelectric projects in state.
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Figure-1.1: Project Location Map
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1.3.1 EIA Notification, 2006
Under the Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1986, various rules have been promulgated
to control pollution and manage environmental issues. EIA Notification, 2006 imposes
certain restrictions and prohibitions on new projects or activities, or on the expansion or
modernization of existing projects or activities based on their potential environmental
impacts. These project categories are listed in the notification and clearance process
defined based on their capacities to obtain prior environmental clearance.
various hydroelectric projects.
The Chhanju III HEP is a Category B project (< 50 MW), as per item 1 (c) of Schedule
attached to EIA notification of September 2006 and requires Environmental Appraisal from
the State Level Expert Apprisal Committee, Himachal Pradesh. The grant of Environmental
Clearance involves following three stages:
Scoping Public Consultation Appraisal
Scoping: An application for scoping was submitted to State Level Expert Apprisal
Committee, Himachal Pradesh for issuance of Terms of Reference (TOR) to undertake EIA
study. Subsequently, presentations were made before State Level Expert Apprisal
Committee, Himachal Pradesh for Prior Environmental Clearance (Scoping). The TOR has
been approved by MoEF vide their letter number F. No. HP SEA/16/21st Meeting/2012-
dated 21.10.13. The copy of approved ToR is enclosed as Annexure-I.
Public Consultation: On completion of draft EIA Report and its Executive Summary, Public
consultation will be conducted through stipulated public consultation process to be
organized by Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board. The outcome of the Public
Consultation process in the form of report detailing the proceedings shall be incorporated
in the Final EIA Report, which will then be submitted to MoEF.
Appraisal: On completion of Public Consultation process, incorporation of suggestions, if
any during the public consultation, final report will be prepared, submitted and presented
to the Expert Appraisal Committee for River Valley and hydroelectric projects at MoEF for
final approval.
1.3.2 State Level Clearances
The Department of Environment & Scientific Technologies, state government of Himachal
Pradesh was set up in April, 2007 with an objective to improve the effectiveness of
environmental management, protect vulnerable ecosystems and enhance sustainability of
development. The Environmental Impact Assessment and monitoring of Environment
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Management Plan Report prepared by the Project Proponent is reviewed by the
Department of Environment and Scientific Technologies. A committee constituted by the
department with members from State Pollution Control Board, Forest Department,
Fisheries Department, etc. reviews the EIA reports before Public Consultation as per EIA
Notification of September 2006.
Various state departments have also lately issued specific notifications to be taken into
consideration by project developers in Himachal Pradesh. Relevant notifications for
Hydropower projects are briefly described.
Notification on Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan
Department of Forest has issued a notification no. FFE-B-F-(2)-72/2004-Pt-II dated August
03, 2009 setting out the requirements of preparation of CAT plan and defining the
minimum cost of this component as 2.5% of the project cost. It was later modified vide
notification no. FFE-B-F-(2)-72/2004-Pt-II dated September 30, 2009.
Notification on Fisheries
The Department of Fisheries, State Government of Himachal Pradesh has come out with a
notification no. Fish-F (5)-1/2008 dated May 2, 2008 specifically for the hydro power
projects to specify the compensation to be paid by developers for various categories of
projects.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE EIA STUDY
The brief scope of EIA study includes:
- Assessment of the existing status of physico-chemical, ecological and socio-economic aspects of environment
- Identification of potential impacts on various environmental components due to activities envisaged during construction and operation phases of the proposed Chanju III project.
- Prediction of significant impacts on various aspects of environment. - Delineation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining measures to minimize
adverse impacts during construction and operational phases of the proposed project. - Formulation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Plan, if any - Formulation of Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan. - Formulation of environmental quality monitoring programme for implementation
during construction and operation phases. - Estimation of Cost for implementation of Environmental Management Plan,
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan, Catchment Area Treatment Plan and Environmental Monitoring Programme.
1.5 STAGES IN AN EIA STUDY
The purpose of this section is to enumerate the steps involved in an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) study, which are described in the following paragraphs.
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Scoping: An exhaustive list of all likely impacts drawing information from as many sources
as possible was prepared. The next step was to select a manageable number of attributes
which were likely to be affected as a result of the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric
project. The various criteria applied for selection of the important impacts were follows:
Magnitude Extent Significance
Description of Environment: Before the start of the project, it is essential to ascertain
the baseline levels of appropriate environmental parameters which could be significantly
affected by the implementation of the project. The baseline status assessed as a part of
CEIA study involved both field work and review of data collected from secondary sources.
Prediction of Impacts: is essentially a process to forecast the future environmental
conditions of the project area that might be expected to occur as a result of the
construction and operation of the proposed Chanju III hydroelectric project. An attempt
was generally made to forecast future environmental conditions quantitatively to the
extent possible. But for certain parameters which cannot be quantified, general approach
was to discuss such intangible impacts in quantitative terms so that planners and decision-
makers are aware of their existence as well as their possible implications.
Environmental Management Plan: the approach for formulation of an Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) is to maximize the positive environmental impacts and minimize
the negative ones. The steps suggested include modifications of plans, engineering
designs, construction schedules and techniques, as well as operational and management
practices. After selection of suitable environmental mitigation measures, cost required for
implementation of various management measures was also estimated.
Environmental Monitoring Programme: An Environmental Monitoring Programme for
implementation during project construction and operation phases has been estimated to
oversee the environmental safeguards, to ascertain the agreement between prediction and
reality and to suggest remedial measures not foreseen during the planning stage but
arising during operation and to generate data for further use.
1.6 REGISTRATION WITH QUALITY COUNCIL OF INDIA (QCI)/NABET
WAPCOS Limited is accreditated by QCI/NABET and the Certificate is enclosed as
Annexure-II.
1.7 OUTLINE OF THE REPORT
The document for the Comprehensive EIA study for the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric
project has been presented in three volumes. The details are listed as below:
Volume-I presents the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study Volume-II delineates the Environmental Management Plan.
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Volume-III outlines the Details of Public Hearing Proceedings
The present document (Volume-I) outlines the findings of the EIA study for the proposed
Chanju-III hydroelectric project.
The contents of the document are organized as follows:
Chapter-1 The Chapter gives an overview of the need for the project. The policy, legal
and administrative framework for environmental clearance has been summarized. The
objectives and need for EIA study too have been covered.
Chapter-2 gives a brief description of the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project.
Chapter-3 gives a schedule to adopt for construction of the proposed Chanju-III
hydroelectric project.
Chapter-4 outlines the methodology adopted for conducting the Comprehensive EIA study
for the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project.
Chapter-5 covers the hydrological aspects of the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric
project. The data was mainly collected from the DPR prepared for the proposed Chanju-III
hydroelectric project.
Chapter-6 covers the geological and seismicity related aspects.
Chapter-7 covers the environmental baseline conditions covering physical aspects of
environment. The baseline study involved both field work and review of existing documents,
which is necessary for identification of data which may already have been collected for other
purposes.
Chapter-8 presents the information on ecological aspects of the Study Area. The study is
based on collection of data from various secondary data sources. As a part of the
Comprehensive EIA study, detailed ecological survey for was conducted for three seasons.
The findings of the survey were analysed and ecological characteristics of the study area
have been described in this Chapter.
Chapter-9 presents the information on socio-economic profile of the Study Area. The study is
based on collection of data from various secondary data sources.
Chapter-10 describes the anticipated positive and negative impacts as a result of the
construction and operation of the proposed Chanju-III hydro-power project. It is essentially a
process to forecast the future environmental conditions of the project area that might be
expected to occur as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project. An
attempt was generally made to forecast future environmental conditions quantitatively to
the extent possible. But for certain parameters, which cannot be quantified, general
approach has been to discuss such intangible impacts in qualitative terms so that planners
and decision-makers are aware of their existence as well as their possible implications.
CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER-2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The proposed Chanju-III HEP is being conceived as a run of river type development in
Churah Sub-Division of Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh. The project envisages
utilization of the combined waters of Chanju nallah a Left Bank tributary of Baira river and
Mahed nallah, a left bank tributary of chanju nallah for Power generation. The scheme
involves construction of a trench type diversion weir across Chanju nallah near Dantoi
village and Power house just up-stream of the Mahed nallah with Chanju nallah near
Jakhla village. A water conductor system comprising of feeder channel/tunnel, two
and an underground power house. It is proposed to construct a Trench Weir across Mahed
nallah and the diverted water shall be led to desilting tank, which shall be designed to
include all silt particles down to +0.20mm and from there the water shall be feed through
connecting tunnel to head race tunnel from Chanju nallah. Power house is located on the
left bank of Chanju nallah just upstream of confluence of Mahed nallah & Chanju nallah
shall house three units of 16 MW each. Power house shall have three generating units of
16000KW each along with auxiliary facilities such as cooling water/potable water supply
system, fire fighting system, compressed air supply, oil system, ventilation and air
conditioning system.
2.2 PROJECT LOCATION
Chanju nallah is a left bank tributary of Baira River which in turn is a tributary of Siul River
in Ravi Basin. It is a perennial nallah which emanates at Kundi Mural Lake at an Elevation
of ± 3750 m and flows mostly in south-westerly to westerly direction before it joins Baira
River. The project is located near village Dantoi in Churah sub-division of District Chamba
of Himachal Pradesh. The scheme is located between latitude 32 - - - -
and longitudes 76- - -
2.3 ACCESS
The project area is approachable by Chamba-Tissa state highway up to Nakror and from
there by Nakror-Bagaugarh-Dantoi. All weather metalled road up to Bagaugarh and from
Baghougarh up to Dantoi village through Kutcha road. A link road has to be constructed
from Dantoi village to trench weir site and from Bagaugarh-Dantoi road from near Jakhla
village to Power house site. The nearest broad gauge rail head is at Pathankot (Punjab).
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The distances of the proposed power house site from important towns are as under:
From To Distance Pathankot - Powerhouse 183 km Chamba Powerhouse 70 km
2.4 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
Various alternative layout of the scheme has been studied as described below:
Alternate I-A This is mainly a left bank alternative. The alternative involves construction
of diversion structure at El ± 2100 m on Chaju nallah. The left bank has exposed rocky
strata at diversion site. The water conductor shall consist of feeder tunnel, two
underground desilting tanks, Head race tunnel on Chanju nallah (Length = 5090 m) and
connecting tunnel on Mahed nallah (Length = 1190 m) to HRT from Chanju nallah to
underground forebay. However, penstock alignment runs through rocky slope.
Underground power house is located near Village Jakhla available on the left bank of
Chanju khad, just upstream of the confluence of Mahed nallah and Chanju nallah.
All the structures except diversion weir are underground as such the length of water
conductor system is minimum and involves minimal no. of forest tree Cutting.
Alternate I-B This alternative is same as alternate I-A, except that whole of the system is
pressurized having 2.40 m D-shaped Head Race Tunnel (Length = 5090 m), connecting to
Surge Shaft, an underground pressure shaft and underground Power House on the left
bank of Chanju Nallah. However, gross head in the alternate increases but due to losses
from Intake to Tail Race Tunnel of project the net head remains almost the same. Hence
this alternate shall also be studied during detailed design of the project.
Alternative II
This is also a left bank alternative involves construction of diversion structure on Chanju
nallah at El± 2100 m. The water conductor system consists of conveyance tunnel,
underground desilting tank and power channel (Length = 6572 m) shall take the waters to
the forebay. In this alternative length of water conductor system is more and less gross
head is available for power generation and cost of civil structures is more. Since power
channel is envisaged large number of forest land and consequently will involve large
number of forest trees to be felled.
Alternative III
This right bank alternative involves construction of diversion structure of Chanju nallah at
El± 2100 meter. The water conductor system consists conveyance tunnel, underground
desilting tank and Head race tunnel (Leng= 5000 m) shall take the waters to the forebay.
In this alternative length water conductor system is more and less gross head is available
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for power generation and cost of civil structures is more. Moreover, with this alternative it
will not be possible to utilize the flows Mahed nallah for power generation.
Various alternative project layouts have been studied and final alternative has been
adopted based on:
Lesser tunnel length as compared to open channel option on both bank Topography Geology Minimum length of forest land felling of forest trees.
Topographical features of the site are preferable for the left bank development of the
scheme with shortest possible length of water conductor system. In view of the
advantages offered by the Alternative-I, it has been taken up for preparing Detailed
Project Report.
2.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The major civil engineering structures of the project are;
Diversion weir Intake structure, Feeder channel and feeder tunnel, underground Desilting Tank. Water conductor system/power tunnel. Forebay Pressure shaft Power House and appurtenant structures.
Diversion Structure and Intake
Diversion structure is required across the nallahs/ streams for diverting its flow for power
generation, which should be least expensive and as simple as possible. For Chanju-III HEP,
a barrage or dam type diversion structure, obstructing the flow, is not practical; the
reservoir would be filled up in a short period of time.
The length of the trench weir across Chanju nallah has been kept as 30 m to pass the 100-
year return period flood discharge of 385 cumec. However, discharge from Mahed nallah
has also been proposed to add in the Chanju Head race tunnel. Hence, another trench
weir has been proposed on Mahed nallah having length as 15 m. Length of the trench weir
across Chanju nallah has been kept as 15 m to pass the 100-year return period flood
discharge of 165 cumec.
The bed of the trench weir has been provided with a slope of 1 in 8.55 in the flow
direction so that sufficient velocity is generated to carry away small stones and heavy silt
up to 25 mm size that may find entry into the weir through the trash rack openings. The
width of trash rack is proposed as 2.0 meter. The trash rack has been given a slope of 1 in
12.5 in the flow direction so that stones and pebbles above 25 mm size do not enter into
the weir but roll down into the stream with the flow. The trash rack area of opening is
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adequate to draw the entire lean season flow and desired diversion discharge during the
flood season even if 50% of the effective area of the trash rack is clogged. The trash rack
will have to be cleaned periodically during and after monsoon season to clear any
deposited material.
The upstream and downstream of trench weir is protected with aprons comprising
concrete blocks of size 1000 x 1000 x 1000 mm for a distance of about 6 meter on
upstream and 8 meters on downstream end. In addition a 3.5 meter deep RCC cut off is
proposed near the downstream end. Right side shall be protected by concrete. Concrete
masonry shall be provided on both the banks to streamline the flow on the left bank of
Chanju nallah, where rock is available shall be connected through a cut and cover type
power tunnel.
The intake located at the end of the trench weir on the left bank is a gated well structure
to be constructed in RCC. The intake gate control shall permit the release of desired
discharge through feeder channel to the desilting tank. A flushing conduit with gate
control has been provided at a lower level, at a slope of 1 in 50 to eject out the material
which finds entry into the weir. Both the gate operation controls are kept above the HFL.
The outer end of flushing conduit has been kept at 0.3 meter above the HFL so as to
prevent the flood discharge from entering into the pipe and thereby avoiding the silt
deposition. Wing walls shall be provided up to 0.50 meter above HFL to safeguard intake
structure during floods and also to channelize the flow during the lean season. Silt free
water available from Deothal Chanju HEP shall be utilized and fed to the water conductor
system just downstream of desilting arrangement.
Desilting Tank
A desilting tank is proposed immediately downstream of intake to exclude silt particles of
size exceeding 0.20 mm from water flow. Two Desilting tanks on Chanju nallah proposed
are of underground type, 90 m long, 5.00 m wide and 9.0 m deep i/c free board to keep
the velocity within desired limits for a discharge of 12.05 cumec. The desilting tank on
Mahed nallah proposed is of underground type, 40 m long, 3.00 m wide and 6.0 m deep i/c
free board to keep the velocity within desired limits for a discharge of 1.73 cumec. The
horizontal velocity of flow and the settling velocity of flow are 0.20 m/sec and 2.70
cm/sec respectively for desilting tank at Chanju nallah.
A silt flushing tunnel has been provided at the bottom of the desilting tank on the d/s side
with manually operated valve for ejecting the settled material from the desilting tank into
the stream. The outlet end of the flushing tunnel has been kept above the HFL so as to
prevent the flood discharge from entering into channel to avoid choking due to silt
deposition.
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Water Conductor System
Water Conductor System is the lifeline of small hydro projects. The choice of the same
depends upon the characteristics and availability of materials for its construction. As per
final layout selected for development, it is proposed to provide Head Race Tunnel of 2.70
x 3.00 m D-Shaped for this Project which will lead the water from desilting tank to
forebay. This is as per practical consideration of construction equipment requirement,
excavation of tunnel shall be done by conventional method of drill and blast using jack
Hammers. Mucking shall be through Bobcat, small tractors, pickup with Suitable jack
arrangements etc which requires a minimum width of the order of 2.00 to 2.40m. While
the tunnel should ensure least loss of head, flow velocity at the same time should be
adequate enough to prevent reduction of discharging capacity due to deposition of silt.
The proposed tunnel shall be a free flow tunnel with water level up to springing level only.
The total length of Tunnel is 5090 m. The invert level of HRT at its intake has been set at
EL.2096.64. The slope of the tunnel has been kept as 1:550 and velocity of flow Is 2.70
m/sec. The details of Adits in HRT are given in Table-2.1.
Table-2.1: Details of Adits in HRT Adit RD (m)
Length(m) Length of HRT to
be excavated from Adit (m)
Reach Length (m)
Construction Adit (DesiltingTank)
0.00 0
D/S = 395.50
395.50
HRT Adit-I 791 54
U/S = 395.50 D/S = 301.00
355.00 356.00
HRT Adit-II 1393 55 U/S = 301.00 D/S = 317.50
356.00 372.50
HRT Adit-III 2028 54
U/S = 317.50 DS = 531.50
371.50 585.50
HRT Adit-IV 3091 58 US = 531.50 DS = 535.50
589.50 593.50
HRT Adit-V 4163 53
US = 535.50 DS = 463.50
593.50 588.50
HRT Adit-VI Pressure Shaft
63 US = 463.50
Dumping areas has been identified near the adit portal. These areas shall be beyond the
nallah and above the Highest Flood level. Since no road exists on the left bank of the
Chanju nallah portal of adits shall be connected by a series of ropeway/spans so as to
transfer material/equipment.
However, it is proposed to provide connecting tunnel at Mahed nallah of 2.10 m x 2.40 m
D-Shaped for this project which will lead the water from desilting tank at Mahed nallah to
forebay.
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Underground Forebay and Penstock Intake
The main function of the forebay is to provide adequate depth of water at the Penstock
and also to meet the immediate water demand for generation. The FSL in the forebay is
kept at El ± 2092.91 m and providing a free board of 1.00 meter, the top of the forebay is
kept at El ± 2093.91 meter. Water seal of 3.0 meter is provided between the Minimum
Draw down Level at El ± 2089.91 m and penstock centre line level at El ± 2086.91 m is
considered adequate to prevent vortex formation and entry of air into penstock. The
forebay is proposed to be lined with 200 mm thick PCC M20 with wire meshes
reinforcement to prevent water seepage losses. At the penstock intake, a trash rack is
provided to prevent entry of debris or floating material into the penstock. Clogging to the
extent of 50% has been considered in the design of the trash rack opening area. Provision
of 100 mm dia air vent pipe has been made in the penstock at Anchor block no 1 for
release of entrapped air in the penstock. A sluice gate is provided at the penstock intake
for controlling the water discharges into the penstock from the forebay.
In order to achieve the objective of meeting the immediate water demand for starting the
generating units and fluctuations in energy load, three minutes storage capacity of 4000
cubic meters has been provided in the forebay. Live storage has been provided by water
depth of 2.00 meters between the FSL El. ±2092.91 m and MDDL EL. ±2089.91. One
flushing pipe with a manually operated valve is provided for flushing out the silt which
may collect in the forebay in due course of time. Free board in the forebay is provided in
such a way that whenever there is a rise in the water level beyond FRL the water is
spilled, at the nearest upstream adit location where suitable provision shall be made for
spilling the excess water.
Pressure Shaft
The excavated diameter of pressure shaft has been adopted as 2.80m for ease in
construction and erection of steel liner. The centre line of the Pressure Shaft at the end of
forebay is kept at El. 2086.91 and the length of Pressure shaft is ±660 meter.
Power House and Tail Race Tunnel
An underground power house complex is proposed on the left bank of Chanju Nallah. A
road is available up to nearby village and about 2.50 km long access road has to be
constructed to reach the Power House. The orientation of power house shall be finalized
based on the geological/stress considerations. It is proposed to construct one long cavity
than a multiple parallel cavities to house Electro-mechanical equipment, transformers etc.
The overall dimensions of the cavern are LxWxH (61.50 m x 13 m x 29.10 m).
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Tail Race Tunnel
It is proposed to excavate a construction adit to be used as a tail race tunnel of size 2.70 x
3.00 m D Shaped (finished). A construction adit shall take off from this adit to bottom of
pressure shaft for construction of pressure shaft.
The Project layout Map for the proposed Chanju III HEP is shown in Figure-2.1.
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2.6 SALIENT FEATURES
The Salient features of Chanju-III hydroelectric project are given in Table-2.2.
Table-2.1: Salient Features for Chanju-III HEP 1. LOCATION:
State Himachal Pradesh District Chamba River/Nallah Chanju Nallah/Mahed Nallah is a
tributary of Baira River Vicinity Diversion Weir site on Chanju nallah at El.
2100 m near village Dantoi and Diversion weir on Mahed nallah at El. 2093 and power house on the left bank of Chanju nallah at EL. + 1616.50 m near village Jakhla just upstream of confluence of Chanju and Mahed nallah
Co-ordinates Longitude Latitude Weir Site-Chanju nallah 76o20 07 32o42 15 Power house site 76o16 35 32o42 59 S.O.I. Sheet No 52 D/6 2 HYDROLOGY
Name of river/stream Chanju and Mahed nallah Tributary / Basin Baira river / Ravi Basin Chanju Nallah Mahed
Nallah Total
Catchment area 114.75 sq km 30.50 sq km 145.25 sq.km Design Flood 385 cumec 165 cumec 550 cumec Design discharge 9.13 cumec 2.43 cumec 11.56 cumec 3. PROJECT STRUCTURES 3.1 WEIR ON CHANJU NALLAH
Type Drop type trench weir Size 30 m (L) x 2.00 m (W) Top Elevation EL + 2100.00 m Diversion design discharge 14.46 cumec Shingle flushing discharge 2.41 cumec 3.2 WEIR ON MAHED NALLAH
Type Drop type trench weir Size 15 m (L) x 1.20 m (W) Top Elevation EL + 2093 m Diversion design discharge 4.04 cumec Shingle flushing discharge 0.68 cumec 3.3 FEEDER TUNNEL ON CHANJU
NALLAH
Type D shaped tunnel Length 43.00 m Size 2.10 m X 2.40 m Slope 1:550 Velocity 2.56 m/sec 3.4 FEEDER TUNNEL ON MAHED
NALLAH
Type D shaped tunnel Length 33.00 m
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Size 1.80m X2.10m Slope 1:350 Velocity 2.34 m/s 3.5 DESILTING TANK ON CHANJU
NALLAH
Number /Type Two no. Conventional continuous hopper type Underground tank
Size 90 m (L) x 5 m (W) x 9 m (H) Particle size All particles up to 0.20 mm size. Silt Flushing discharge 2.10 cumec Silt Flushing Tunnel
Type & Size 2.1 m D-shaped Velocity 3.12 m/sec Length 58.00 m Construction Adit cum inspector
tunnel
Type & size D-shaped, 2.40 m Length 45.00 m Gate Chamber size 5.00 m x 5.00 m 3.6 DESILTING TANK ON MAHED
NALLAH
Number /Type One no. Conventional continuous hopper type Underground tank.
Size 40 m (L) x 3 m (W) x 6 m (H) Particle size All particles down to 0.20 mm size. Silt Flushing discharge 0.30 cumecs Silt Flushing Tunnel Type & Size 2.10 m D-shaped Velocity 2.54 m/sec Length 45.00 m Construction Adit cum inspector
tunnel
Type & size D-shaped, 2.10 m Length 45.00 m Gate Chamber size 5.00 m x 5.00 m 3.7 HEAD RACE TUNNEL ON
CHANJU NALLAH
Type & size Concrete lined D-shaped tunnel 2.70mx3.00 m Length 5090.00 m Slope 1 in 550 Design discharge 10.04 cumec i/c overloading dis. Velocity 2.70 m/sec Adits
(i) Adit I (RD 790.98m) Type & Size D-shaped tunnel 2.70 m x 3.00 m Length + 54.00 m Portal invert elevation EL + 2091.10 m
(ii) Adit II (RD 1393.73m) Type & Size D-shaped tunnel 2.70 m x 3.00 m Length + 55.00 m Portal invert elevation EL + 2089.94 m
(iii) Adit III (RD 2028.03m)
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Type & Size D-shaped tunnel 2.70 m x 3.00 m Length + 54.00 m Portal invert elevation EL + 2088.90 m
(iv) Adit IV (RD 3091.91m) Type & Size D-shaped tunnel 2.70 m x 3.00 m Length + 58.00 m Portal invert elevation EL + 2086.65 m
(v) Adit V (RD 4163.69 m) Type & Size D-shaped tunnel 2.70 m x 3.00 m Length + 53.00 m Portal invert elevation EL + 2085.04 m 3.8 CONNECTING TUNNEL FROM
MAHED NALLAH
Type & Size Concrete lined D-shaped 2 .10 m x 2.40 m
Length 1190.00 m Slope 1 in 340 Design discharge 2.80 cumec i/c overloading dis. Velocity 2.70 m/sec 3.9 ADIT-VI TO FOREBAY AND
PRESSURE SHAFT
Type & Size D-shaped tunnel 2.70 m x 3.00 m Lengh + 63.00 m 3.10 FOREBAY
Type Under ground Size 160.00 m (L) x 5.00 m (W) x 5.00 m (H) Full Supply Level (FSL) EL + 2092.91 m Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) EL + 2089.91 m C/L El. Of penstock at Intake EL + 2086.91 m Storage capacity 4000 cum Peaking time ± 3.00 minutes 3.11 PRESSURE SHAFT (PENSTOCK)
Type/Shape Under Ground/Circular steel pipe Size of main penstock 2.20 m dia. Length of main penstock + 660.00 m Velocity 3.34 m/sec Type of Steel Liner ASTM-537 Class-I and II steel Number of branches Three Size of Branch Penstock 1.30 m dia each Length of branch penstocks Branch-I 30.70 m Branch-II 27.10 m Branch-III 24.70 m Intermediate Adit to Pressure
Shaft
Type & Size D-shaped tunnel, 2.40 m Length + 155.00 m 3.12 POWER HOUSE Type Under ground Size 61.50 m x 13.00 m x 29.10 m Installed capacity 48 MW (3 units of 16 MW each) Gross Head 473.41 m
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Net Head 470.81 m C/L of jet EL + 1616.50 m Power House crane 63/08T, semi EOT Installed Capacity 48 MW (3 x 16 MW) Turbine (s) Type Vertical shaft, 4 Jets Pelton turbine Number Three Output Capacity 16.24 MW each Speed 600 rpm Generator(s) Type Vertifal shaft, Synchronous Number Three Output Capacity 17.78 MVA each Speed 600 rpm Power Factor 0.9 lag Rated Voltage 11 kV Frequency 50 Hz Continuous overloading capacity 10% 3.13 MAIN ACCESS TUNNEL Type & size D-shaped, 7.00 m x 7.00 m Length 88.00 m Slope 1:120 3.14 CABLE CUM VENTILATION
TUNNEL
Type & size D-shaped, 5.00 m dia Length 60.00 m Slope 1:120 3.15 TAIL RACE TUNNEL Type & Size 2.70m x 3.00 m, D- Shaped Length + 76.00 m 3.16 UNIT TAIL RACE TUNNEL Type & Size 2.10m x 2.40 m, D- Shaped Length + 20.00 m Slope 1:400 4. POWER & ENERGY GENERATION Energy generation in 90%
dependable year 176.19 GWH
5. COST ESTIMATE Capital cost of the project Civil works Rs. 266.04 Cr. Electro-mechanical works Rs. 93.05 Cr. Cost of generation Rs. 359.09 Cr. T-Transmission Rs. 8.66 Cr. Total cost including generation Rs. 367.75 Cr. Total cost (Including IDC Rs 44.64
Cr. and LADC 6.186 Cr) Rs. 418.57 Cr
Levellized tariff in 90% dep. Year (at 95% plant availability)
Rs. 4.95/kwh
Cost per MW installed capacity Rs. 8.72 crores Period of construction 45 months Source: DPR
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2.7 LAND ACQUISITION
Land acquisition is of two kinds, i.e. permanent and temporary. Land required for
construction of structures, roads, project colonies, stores, workshops etc. shall be
acquired on permanent basis and this activity is proposed to be completed within twelve
months. Temporary use of the land shall be for work areas of the contractors, their camps
and other facilities. The total land required for the project is 30.364 ha. Permanent
acquisition of land is required for trench weir site, Power House etc. The ownership status
of the land required for various project appurtenances are given in Table-2.3.
Table-2.3: Land requirement for Chanju-III hydroelectric project S. No Project Component/ Activity Area (ha) 1 Forest land Surface 23.790 2 Forest Land under ground 4.704 3 Private Land Surface 1.870 Total 30.364 Source: HPPCL
2.8 INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN
Communications
Rail Head Facilities
The nearest rail head available to the project is the Northern Railway Broad Gauge railway
station Pathankot which is about 183 km from the project area and 120 km from Chamba.
Chamba is connected to the project site through an existing 70 km motorbale road. The
heavy machinery and equipment are proposed to be transported up to Pathankot by rail.
AQ store yard with crane facilities for unloading the railway wagons will be provided at
Pathankot. Two sheds will also be provided to store electrical and other equipment till it
is transported to site of works. Enough space for storage of cement will also be provided in
the store yard at Pathankot.
Road Transport Facilities
Pathankot is connected to the project site by road. All the culverts and bridges on Chamba
road are constructed confirming to the Class AA loading. Beyond Chanju HEP the existing
road will be widened and bridges will be strengthened for which provision will be kept in
the cost estimated.
Project Colonies/ Buildings
Residential quarters are required to be constructed for the staff to be deployed on the
execution of the project. Following buildings are proposed for the project:
I. Permanent residential buildings for staff that will be required to be deployed for
operation and maintenance of the project after its completion.
II. Temporary residential buildings for the staff to be deployed during construction stage.
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One no field hotel will be constructed for which provision has been made under the head
of permanent works.
Workshops
A small workshop to carry out the fabrication work is proposed near power house. This
will work as a temporary arrangement during execution.
Ultimately service bay of the powerhouse shall be used during operation of the project.
Drinking Water Facilities
The drinking water arrangement shall be made from Irrigation and Public Health
Department (IPH) department.
Construction Power
All the major equipment is proposed with diesel engines. Since the project is Small power
scheme mobile equipment with diesel engines is considered best for the construction of
the project. The demand for construction power for colony, workshop can be met from
the existing HPSEB line existing in the area or DG Set.
2.9 POWER EVACUATION PLAN
The power evacuation plan of Deothal Chanju and Chanju-III HEP is enclosed as Annexure-
III.
CHAPTER-3 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
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CHAPTER-3
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
3.1 GENERAL
The setting up of the infrastructure works envisaged for development of the project and
the estimation of requirement of land, both for infrastructure as well as permanent works,
are outlined in this chapter.
3.2 CONSTRUCTION TIME AND WORKING SEASON
Chanju-III HEP is located in an area of heavy rainfall, bulk of which occurs during the
months of June to September. Available working season in a year in the project area shall
be about 10 months at intake end whereas at power house end work can be carried out
throughout the year. Keeping the above in view, construction of Chanju-III HEP has been
planned in such a manner that the work does not suffer on account of adverse weather
conditions. The construction programme, methodology and equipment has been planned
with the aim of commissioning the project in three years.
3.3 REQUIREMENT OF MATERIAL
Survey on the availability and suitability of construction materials such as coarse and fine
aggregates etc. required for the construction of various components of the project has
been done. Construction materials required for different components of the project have
been computed to assess the quantities required.
Cement and Steel
Cement for the project will be procured from A.C.C. cement factory located at Barmana
on NH-21 in District Bilaspur and Ambuja cement Plant at Darlaghat and shall be the main
source of the cement for meeting the entire requirement of the project. Trucks shall be
used for transportation of bagged cement. Cement bags shall be stored in cement stores
as per specifications. Small quantities of cement can also be procured from
Chamba/Pathankot. Cement bags shall be stored in cement stores as per specifications.
Small quantities of cement can also be procured from Chamba/Pathankot.
Steel will be brought from steel stockyard at Pathankot, shall be the main source of
structural steel and reinforcement/ tor steel. Sizeable quantities of reinforcement and
structural steel shall have to be stored at site. Penstock steel plates, however, may have
to be procured from the manufacturers as per design specifications.
It is estimated that about 14367 tons of cement, 714 metric tons of reinforcement steel,
657 metric tons of structural steel will be required for the construction of different
Standard methodologies of Environment Impact Assessment have been followed for
conducting the Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA) study for the
proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project. A brief description of the methodology adopted
for conducting the CEIA study for the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project is outlined
in the present chapter. The information in this Chapter has been presented through
various primary as well as secondary sources.
4.2 STUDY AREA
The study area falls in Chamba district and administrative set up in the district are given
in Table-4.1. The administrative set up in Chamba district is shown in Figure-4.1. The
Study Area considered for the CEIA study is given as below:
Area to be acquired for siting of various project appurtenances. Area within 10 km of various project appurtenances Catchment area intercepted at the weir site
The FCC of the Study Area is enclosed as Figure-4.2.
Table-4.1: Administrative set up in Chamba district Units in the administrative setup in district
Figure-4.1 Administrative Set Up in Chamba District
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Figure-4.2: FCC of the Study Area
4.3 SCOPING MATRIX
Scoping is a tool which gives direction for selection of impacts due to the project activities
on the environment. As a part of the study, scoping exercise was conducted selecting
various types of impacts which can accrue due to hydroelectric project. Based on the
project features, site conditions, various parameters to be covered as a part of the EIA
study were selected. The results of Scoping analysis are presented in Table-4.2.
Table-4.2: Scoping Matrix for EIA study for the proposed Chanju-III Hydroelectric Project
Aspects of Environment Likely Impacts A. Land Environment Construction phase - Increase in soil erosion from various
construction and quarry sites - Pollution by construction spoils - Acquisition of land for labour camps/
colonies - Solid waste generated from labour camps/
colonies Operation phase - Acquisition of land for various project
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Aspects of Environment Likely Impacts appurtenances
- Loss of forest land due to acquisition of land for various project appurtenances
B. Water resources & water quality Construction phase
- Impact on water quality of receiving water body due to disposal of runoff from construction Sites carrying high sediment level.
- Degradation of water quality due to disposal of effluent from labour, camps/colonies
Operation phase - Modification of hydrologic regime
C. Aquatic Ecology Construction phase - Increased pressure on riverine fisheries as a
result of indiscriminate fishing by the Immigrant labour population.
- Reduced productivity due to increase in turbidity levels as a result of disposed off waste water from construction sites and labour Camps/colonies.
Operation phase - Impacts on spawning & breeding grounds - Degradation of riverine ecology - Impacts on migratory fish species - Impact on aquatic ecology due to reduction
in flow downstream of the weir site upto tail race disposal site.
D. Terrestrial Ecology Construction phase
- Increased pressure from labour to meet their fuel wood requirements during project construction phase
- Adverse impacts on flora and fauna due to increased accessibility in the area and increased level of human interferences
- Loss of forest due to siting of various project appurtenances
Operation phase
- Impacts on wildlife movement due to the project
- Impacts on wildlife habitats due to Acquisition of forest land for various project appurtenances.
E. Socio-Economic Aspects Construction phase
- Increased employment potential during project construction phase
- Development of allied sectors leading to greater employment
- Pressure on existing infrastructure Facilities.
- Cultural conflicts and law and order issues due to migration of labour population
Operation phase - Loss of community properties, if any - Impacts on archaeological and cultural
monuments, if any
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Aspects of Environment Likely Impacts - Impacts on mineral reserves, if any
F. Air Pollution Construction Phase - Impacts due to emission as a result of fuel
combustion in various construction equipment
- Impacts due to emission as a result of increased vehicular movement for transportation of men and material during project construction phase
- Fugitive envisions from various sources - Impacts due to emissions from DG set
G. Noise Pollution Construction Phase - Noise due to operation of various
construction equipment - Noise due to increased vehicular movement - Impacts due to blasting - Increased noise levels due to operation of
DG set H. Public Health - Construction Phase - Increased incidence of water related
diseases - Transmission of diseases by immigrant
labour population Operation phase - Increased incidence of vector- borne
diseases Based on the Scoping matrix, the environmental baseline data has been collected. The
project details have been superimposed on environmental baseline conditions to
understand the beneficial and deleterious impacts due to the construction and operation
of the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project.
4.4 DATA COLLECTION
4.4.1 Physico-Chemical Aspects
Primary surveys have been conducted for three seasons namely, summer, monsoon, and
winter seasons. The data has been collected for flora, fauna, forest types and ecological
parameters, geological and soil features. During these surveys data and information was
collected on physico-chemical, biological and socio-economic aspects of the study area. In
addition, detailed surveys and studies were also conducted for understanding bio-diversity
in the study area.
As a part of the EIA study, primary data has been collected for three seasons. The details
are given in Table-4.3.
Table-4.3: Details of field studies conducted as a part of CEIA studies Season Months Summer May, 2014 Monsoon August, 2014 Winter December, 2014
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Seismicity
The regional seismo-tectonics around the project area highlighting seismicity has been
covered in the EIA Report, as per the available information in the Detailed Project Report
(DPR) of the project.
Geology
The regional geology around the project area highlighting geology, stratigraphy, etc. has
been covered in the EIA Report, as per the available information in the Detailed Project
Report (DPR) of the project.
Hydrology
Hydrological data for Chanju khand as available in the Detailed Project Report was
collected and has been suitably incorporated in the Comprehensive EIA study.
Landuse pattern
Landuse pattern of the study area as well as the catchment area was carried out by
standard methods of analysis of remotely sensed data and followed by ground truth
collection and interpretation of satellite data. For this purpose digital satellite data was
procured from National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad, IRS-P6 LISS-IV. The data was
processed through ERDAS software package available with WAPCOS.
Soil
The soil quality was monitored at various locations in the catchment area. The monitoring
was conducted for three seasons as detailed in Table-4.2. The parameters monitored
were:
pH Electrical Conductivity Organic Matter Sodium Available Phosphorus Available Potassium Available Nitrogen Cation Exchange Capacity Particle Size Distribution Texture
Water Quality
The existing data on water quality has been collected to evaluate river water quality on
upstream and downstream of the project site. The water quality was monitored for various
seasons as listed in Table-4.3. The water samples were collected from the study area and
analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters, listed in Table-4.4.
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Table-4.4: Water quality parameters analyzed as a part of the field studies pH Zinc Electrical Conductivity Mercury Total Dissolved Solids Cadmium Sulphates Magnesium Chlorides Lead Nitrates Manganese Phosphates Cyanides Sodium Hardness Potassium DO Calcium BOD Copper COD Iron Oil & grease Total Coliform Fecal Coliform Ambient air quality
The ambient air quality was monitored at three locations in the study area. Monitoring was
conducted for three seasons as listed in Table-4.3. The frequency of monitoring for each
season was twice a week for four consecutive weeks. The parameters monitored were
Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), Sulphur-dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen di-oxides (NO2).
Ambient Noise level
As a part of the EIA study noise level was monitored at various locations in the study area.
Monitoring was conducted for various seasons as listed in Table-4.3. At each station,
hourly noise level was monitored during day time. Further day time equivalent noise level
was estimated.
4.4.2 Ecological Aspects
Terrestrial Ecology
Flora
Data on forest type legal status and their extent in the catchment and study area has been
collected from the forest department. The other relevant data on bio-diversity
economically important species, medicinal plant, rare and endangered species in the study
area and its surroundings have been collected from secondary sources like Forest research
institute and wildlife department. In addition field studies were conducted to collect data
on various aspects in the study area. The sampling sites were selected based on
topography and floristic composition. The various aspects studied were floral density
frequency and abundance of species of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses. Plants of
economical species and medicinal use and endangered species were also identified as a
part of the study. The monitoring was conducted for various seasons listed in Table-4.3.
Fauna
The faunal assessment has been done on the basis secondary data collected from different
government offices like forest department, wildlife department, fisheries department,
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etc. The presence of wildlife was also confirmed from the local inhabitants depending on
the animal sightings and the frequency of their visits in the catchment area. In addition
review of secondary data was another source of information for studying the fauna of the
area. In addition, sightings of faunal population during ecological survey and then field
studies were also recorded as a part of the data collection exercise.
Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries
Water samples from river Chenab were also collected as a part of field studies. The
density and diversity of periphyton and , species diversity index and
primary productivity etc. were also studied. The field studies were conducted for various
seasons as listed in Table-4.3.
The secondary data pertaining to fisheries in river Chenab was collected from Fisheries
Department and through literature review as well. Fishing was done at various sites in the
project area and river stretches both upstream and downstream of the weir site of
proposed hydroelectric project to ascertain the dispersal pattern of fish species.
Identification and measurements of all the fish catch was done and an inventory of the
fish species was also prepared. Various migratory species and the species to be affected
due to conversion of lentic to lotic conditions as a result of commissioning of the proposed
project were also identified.
4.5 SUMMARY OF DATA COLLECTION
The summary of the data collected from various sources is outlined in Table-4.5.
Table-4.5: Summary of data collected for the Comprehensive EIA study Aspect Mode of Data
Secondary Flow, Design hydrograph and design flood hydrograph
- Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Water Quality Primary Physico-chemical andbiological parameters
Three seasons
Field studies for summer, monsoon, andwinter seasons
Ambient air quality
Primary RPM, SO2, NOx Three seasons
Field studies for summer, monsoon, and winter seasons
Noise Primary Hourly noise and equivalent noise level
Three seasons
Field studies for summer, monsoon, and winter seasons
Landuse Primary and secondary
Land use pattern - NRSA and Ground truth Studies
Geology Secondary Geological - Detailed Project
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Aspect Mode of Data collection
Parameters monitored
Frequency Source
characteristics of the study area
Report (DPR )
Soils Physico-chemical parameters
Three seasons
Field studies for summer, monsoon, and winter seasons
Terrestrial Ecology
Primary and secondary
Floral and faunal diversity
Three seasons
Field studies for summer, monsoon, and winter seasons Secondary data as available with the Forest and Wildlife Departments
Aquatic Ecology
Primary and Secondary
Presence and abundance of various species
Three seasons
Field studies for summer, monsoon, and winter seasons Secondary data as available with the Fisheries Department
4.6 IMPACT PREDICTION
Prediction is essentially a process to forecast the future environmental conditions of the
project area that might be expected to occur because of implementation of the project.
An attempt was generally made to forecast future environmental conditions quantitatively
to the extent possible. But for certain parameters, which cannot be quantified, general
approach has been adopted to discuss such intangible impacts in qualitative terms so that
planners and decision-makers are aware of their existence as well as their possible
implications. Impact of project activities has been predicted using mathematical models
and overlay technique (super-imposition of activity on environmental parameter). For
intangible impacts qualitative assessment has been done. The environmental impacts
predicted are listed as below:
- Loss of land. - Impacts on hydrologic regime. - Impacts on water quality. - Increase in incidence of water-related diseases including water-borne and vector-
borne diseases. - Effect on riverine fisheries including migratory fish species. - Increase in air pollution and noise level during project construction phase - Impacts due to sewage generation from labour camps - Impacts due to acquisition of forest land - Impacts due to increase in terrestrial and aquatic ecology due to increased human
interferences during project construction and operation phases
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4.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND COST ESTIMATES
Based on the environmental baseline conditions and project inputs, the adverse impacts
were identified and a set of measures have been suggested as a part of Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) for their amelioration. The management measures have been
suggested for the following aspects:
Compensatory afforestation Establishment of Botanical Garden Habitat improvement for avi-fauna Afforestation in degraded areas Conservation and cultivation of Medicinal Plants Anti-poaching measures Provision of facilities in labour camps (Heating, Water Supply, Sanitation & Sewage
Treatment Facilities, Solid Waste Management ) Provision of free fuel to labour population Public health delivery system Restoration of quarry sites and landscaping of construction sites Disposal of Muck and Reclamation of Muck Disposal Sites Management of Impact due to construction of road Water pollution control, Control of Air Pollution Measures for noise control Greenbelt development plan Energy Conservation measures Catchment Area Treatment Release of Environmental Flows Fisheries Management Plan
The expenditure required for implementation of these management measures has also
been estimated as a part of the EMP study.
4.8 CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN
As a part of the CEIA study, a Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan for the catchment
area intercepted at the project site has been formulated. An amount of 2.5% of the
project cost has been earmarked for implementation of CAT Plan. Various sub-watersheds
have been categorized into different erosion categories, as per Silt Yield Index (SYI)
method. For high and very high erosion categories, a catchment area treatment plan
comprising of engineering and biological measures has been formulated.
4.9 LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN
As a part of the CEIA Study, a Local Area Development Plan (LADP) has been formulated
for implementation in study area villages. An amount of 1.5% of the project cost has been
earmarked for implementation of Local Area Development Plan (LADP).
4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
It is necessary to continue monitoring of certain parameters to verify the adequacy of
various measures outlined in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and to assess the
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implementation of mitigative measures. An Environmental Monitoring Programme for
critical parameters has been suggested for implementation during project construction
and operation phases. The cost required for implementation of Environmental Monitoring
Programme has also been estimated.
CHAPTER-5 HYDROLOGY
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CHAPTER-5
HYDROLOGY
5.1 RAVI RIVER SYSTEM
The Ravi river originates from Bara-Banghal at an elevation of 4229 m above mean sea
level, approximately 150 km North-East of historical Chamba town. It flows in steep
gradient with a series of loops and bends. In between, the main tributaries like Kalihan,
Budhil, Tundah, Suil and Sewa contribute substantially to the stream flow of the Ravi
River. Bara-Bangahal comprises of snow covered slopes at heights ranging from 3050 m to
5800 m, above mean sea level. The total length of the course of the Ravi River is about 720
km. The Ravi river basin represents some remarkable physical features. The river flows in a
North-West direction for most of its course, rises in Baira-Balsio and continues through
Traila and Chanota to Ulans, where it is joined by two of its major tributaries in the head
reaches viz. Budhil and Tundah. Beyond this and up to Chhatrari, the river flows through a
narrow gorge where after it opens out. After passing through Churi, Bagga, Mehla, Chamba
and Udaipur, the river approaches Rajnagar, and then flows in narrow gorge to Sherpur The
Siul River, its largest right bank tributary, joins the Ravi River upstream of Chamera stage-I
dam site.
The Sewa River flowing from the north joins the river Ravi near Khairi. It then bends to the
South-West and striking the terminal spurs of the Dhauladhar range, separates Chamba
from Jammu and Kashmir and finally leaves the territory of Himachal Pradesh upstream of
Ranjit Sagar Dam (Punjab). Chanju-III HEP is located on the Chanju nallah, a sub-tributary
of Baira river/Suil river which is a tributary of the Ravi River. The Project area lies
between the latitudes 32o o o o
the Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh.
5.2 CATCHMENT AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS
The Deothal nallah originates from Khundi Maral Dal lake at an elevation of 3750 m.
Deothal /Chanju nallah from its origin flows mostly in North-westerly direction before it
joins Beira nallah from its right bank near Nakror. Deothal /Chanju nallah is joined by
numerous perennial streams from its left/right bank, prominent streams are Seri
nallah,Tanger nallah and Bhararu Nallah on the right bank and Mahed nallah on the left
bank. The total length of the nallah from its origin to confluence with Baira nallah is about
35.16 km. The average slope of nallah from its origin up to diversion weir of Deothal
Chanju HEP is 1:7. From diversion weir of Deothal Chanju up to diversion weir of Chanju-III
is 1:8:7. In the upper reaches i.e. up to the confluence of Tanger nallah, Chanju nallah is
called Deothal nallah and below it is called as Chanju nallah.
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The Chanju-III HEP envisages the utilization of the combined flows of Chanju nallah and
Mahed nallah. The total catchment area of Chanju up to the proposed diversion site is
114.75 km2, out of which 19.25 km2 area is snow bound and lies above the snow line i.e.
4500 m and that of Mahed nallah upto the diversion weir site is 30.50 sq km. The highest
point in the catchment is 5685 m. The basin is an elongated leaf shape. There are few
glaciers in the upper part of the Deothal Basin. There is good forest cover in the basin.
The catchment area of Chanju-III HEP is shown in Figure-5.1.
Figure-5.1 Catchment Area of Chanju III HEP
About 95% of the basin lies above 2000 m altitude, which clearly shows that the major part
of the basin experiences moderate to heavy snow fall during winters, however, the non
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availability of records on snow precipitation at Tissa or any other station makes it difficult
to assess the snow contribution from the basin.The details of project area is given in
Table-5.1
Table-5.1: Project Area Details of Chanju III HEP. District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh Latitude 32o o Longitude 76o 76o River Basin Deothal /Chanju/Baira/Ravi Main River Chanju nallah Catchment Area 145.25 Km2 River Bed Elevation El. 2100.00 m Hydraulic Structure for diversion Bottom drop type Trench Weir
Source: DPR
Isoplual map of Himachal Pradesh as brought out by India Metrological Department is
shown in Figure-5.2, which indicates that the average rainfall in the project area is
between 1400-1500 mm
Figure-5.2: Isoplual Map of Himachal pardesh
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5.3 HYPSOMETRIC CURVE
The hypsometric details i.e. elevations versus catchment area of Chanju nallah and Mahed
nallah catchment is shown in Tables-5.2 and 5.3. Hypsometric curve for the two
catchments is shown in Figure-5.3 and 5.4 respectively.
Table-5.2: Hypsometric Details of Chanju Nallah Catchment at weir site
Figure: 5.4 Hypsometric Curve of Mahed Nallah diversion site
5.4 GAUGE & DISCHARGE DATA
For water availability study, a 14 year discharge data series was used, which
included discharge data at Bhaled for a period of 10 years between June 1964 and May
1978 and discharge data at Kathwar (near Gheya village) for a period of 4 years (June 2003
May 2007) for Chanju Nallah. The discharge data was missing for a short period which was
filled in by smoothening hydrographs and taking the mean of the observed data of
corresponding blocks of different years. The discharge data of 4 years (1968-71 and 1974-
75) from Bhaled was dropped due to non-availability of sufficient data. The details of
gauging sites are given in Table-5.4
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Table-5.4: Details of Bhaled and Kathwar gauging sites S. No. Catchment Area (km2) Data Used 1 378 10 years
(June 1964 may 1978, except 1968-71 and 1974-75) 2 320 4 years
(June 2003 May 2007) Source: DPR
Observed G &D data of all the relevant stations are being put to validation/consistency
checks to ascertain the consistency/stability of observed data for using it further for the
finalization of water availability at project diversion site. The following analysis has been
carried out to ascertain the consistency of the Hydro-Meteorological data.
Mass curve of annual observed flow Comparison of long-term averages of 10-daily observed flow of G &D stations Comparison of Specific Yield at G&D Stations Regression analysis of observed discharges
5.5 WATER AVAILABILITY
Long term 14 years Discharge Series (1964-1968, 1971-1978, 2003-04 to 2006-07) at
Chanju-III HEP has been derived from the 14 year observed discharge data series at the
diversion site of Bhaled Weir site and Kathwar site(Annexure 6.4 & 6.5) by reducing the
10 daily discharges on catchment area basis. The catchment area of Chanju Nallah basin
upto Bhaled is 378 km2, while catchment area at Kathwar site is 320 km2. The total
catchment area of Chanju-III is 145.25 Sq.km.
Catchment area of Chanju-III Nallah at diversion site = 114.75 sq km Catchment area of Mahed Nallah at diversion site = 30.50 sq km Catchment area of Chanju Nallah at Bhaled weir site = 378 sq km Catchment area of Chanju Nallah at Kathwar site = 320 sq km Catchment area factor (Bhaled) = 145.25/378
= 0.3035 Catchment area factor (Kathwar) = 145.25/320 = 0.3585
The proposed project is a run of the river scheme, a minimum hydrological data of 10
years as per the guidelines issued by CWC is required. As such, the available data has
been found sufficient to base the hydrological studies for the project. Computation of
dependable years for Chanju III HEP is given in Table-5.5
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Table-5.5: Computation of Dependable flow for Chanju-III HEP.
The sub-Himalayas is composed of Paleogene and Neogene sediments eroded from the
rising orogen and deposited i in the peripheral foreland basin in front of thhe mountain
belt. The sub-Himalayas is thrust along the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) over Quaternary
alluviums deposited by the Himalaya rivers. This demonstrates that the Himalayas are still
a very active orogen (Dezes, 1999).
Lesser Himalayas
The Lesser Himalayas separated from the Siwalik basin or sub Himalayas by a major thrust
plane and is composed of little modified sedimentary rocks of Mesop proterozoic to Lower
Cambrian age with several window of fossiliferous Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks (Shankar
et al., 1989). The deep erosion of the over thrust metamoorphics have bifurcated the
sub-thrust sedimentary zone into two distinct belts: the Shali Belt and the
Larji-Kullu-Rampur window. This belt also incorporates the syncliinally folded Krol Belt,
south of Shimla. The allochthonous Himalayan Metamorphic Belt (HMB) of regional
dimensions forms the e JutoghNappe in the frontal parts of Lesser Himalaya. The Nappe is
thrust southwestward along the folded Jutogh thrust.
Higher Himalayas
The Higher Himalayan domain overlies the Lesser Himalaya and is compospd of medium to
high-grade crystalline rocks, commonly referred to as the Higher Himalayan Crystalline
(HHC). These are dominantly of pelitic composition, with sporadic quartzites, calc-silicate
rocks, metabasics and small bodies of granite. The HHC is separated from the Lesser
Himalayas by the Main Central Thrust (MCT), one of the major tectonic elements of the
Himalayas.
Tethys Himalayas
The Tibetan or Tethys Himalayan zone is composed of Cambrian to Paleocene sediments
(the Tibetan sedimentary series) deposited on Indian continental terrace, unconformably
overlain by the Chulung La collisional deposits (Najman and Garzanti, 2000) The transition
between the generally low-grade sediments of the Tethys Himalayas and the underlying
low to high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Higher Himalayan crystalline sequence is
usually progressive, yet, in many places along the Himalayan belt, this transition zone is
marked by a major extensional structure, the Central Himalayan Detachment System
(Dezes, 1999).
Indus Suture Zone
The Indus Suture Zone marks the earth segments where the Indian and Eurasian plate is
believed to have collided. Deep water continental rise sediments are found in this zone,
and the Trans-Himalayan accretionary complexes is made up of Ophiolitic Melange,
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volcanic Melange rocks of the island arc type composition (Dras Volcanics) and
sedimentary prism reflecting deposition in a fore arc setting (Searle, 1983; Garzanti and
Van Haver, 1988).
Trans-Himalayan Zone
The Trans-Himalayan zone lies to the north of the Tethyan zone, locally called as Ladakh
batholiths, which correspond essentially to an active margin of the Andean type, and is
made up of Upper Cretaceous to Eocene calc-alkaline plutons (Le-Fort, 1996).
6.4 REGIONAL TECTONICS
Starting from Indo-Gangetic and Brahmaputra basin, from south to north, the Himalaya
belt can be divided in the following major structural elements.
Main Frontal Thrust (MFT)
The active Main Frontal Thrust lies to the south of Himalaya, separating from
Indo-Gangetic foreland basin in south (Power et al., 1988) and along this active
structure sub-Himalya is thrust towards the southwest over the Quaternary fluvial
deposits.
Main Boundary Thrust (MBT)
The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) often parallels the Krol thrust in some part of Himalaya
and was active in the Middle to late Miocene times (Hodges et al., 1988; Meigs et al.,
1995) or possibly also in the Pliocene (De-Celles et al., 1998). These thrust related
activities apparently dislocated the Lesser Himalayan meta-sedimentary pile and moved
them over the sub-Himalayan formations. The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in the north
and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (RFT) in the south bound sub-Himalayan sedimentary prism.
Main Central Thrust (MCT)
This structure is one of the most important tectonic elements associated with the
Himalayan orogen as it separates the high-grade metamorphic rocks of the High
Himalayan Crystalline Sequence from the weakly metamorphosed series of the Lesser
Himalaya (Dezes, 1999). Along the Main Central Thrust the high-grade crystalline rocks
and granitoids of the higher Himalaya are seen overriding the low-grade Proterozoic
rocks of the Lesser Himalaya. This led to further convergence of India with the Eurasia
consequently the thrust belt was propagated southward (Najman and Garzanti, 2000).
South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS)
The South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS), also called North Himalayan Shear Zone
(NHSZ), represents a major system of north-dipping structural detachments at the
boundary between the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence (HHCS) and the Tethys
Himalaya (Dezes, 1999). This structure was first identified by Caby et al. (1983) and Burg
(1984). Deformation along this structure was accommodated either by dextral strike-slip
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or by extensional shearing. Unlike the MCT, the STDS are not a continuous structure along
the entire Himalayan belt (Dezes, 1999).
6.5 PROJECT GEOLOGY
Weir site
The Chanju III weir site is located in a wide open U shape valley, with gentle sloping
abutment at an El + 2100 m. The weir site is mainly occupied by the rocky abutment on
the left bank forming a steep slope, occupied by Quatzitic Phyllite. Whereas the right
bank consists of moderate slope and is covered with talus and scree. The depth of
overburden in centre of the khad is covered of the order of 20 to 25 m.
The confluence of Tanger nala with Chanju Khad is in the upstream of the weir axis there
is no exposed bed rock at the confluence of two streams. The weir axis is oriented is N 40°
west direction. The Quartiztic Phyllite trending N25° E S 25° W and dipping 10° to 20° in
S 25° E direction. The construction of weir site at this location will require slope stability
measures on the right bank in addition additional supports in the form of ribs and channels
to protect the weir site from incoming glacial avalanches and moraine debris will be
required. Mahed nala weir site has been proposed to divert the flow of Mahed nala for
augmenting the discharge. The drop type weir will have rocky abutments on the left
abutment and intake structure (33 m) will be made after excavating overburden material
for 10 15 m thickness. The ridge will also have the desilting arrangement and HRT
(1190m) before meeting the main HRT coming from Chanju khad.
Intake and Sedimentation Chamber
The intake and sedimentation chamber has been proposed on the left bank in the exposed
bedrock comprising Quartzite, Quartzitic Phyllite, Diametric and Phyllite inter bands. The
general trend of foliation N 25° E to S 25° W with 10° to 25° dipping in S 25° E direction
and from sets of joints as given above. The underground de-silting arrangement is
connected with the weir site by open channel and underground intake tunnel. The portal
of the underground intake tunnel is located in hard fresh rock mass. However it requires
slope stabilizing measure like rock bolting and shotcrete at the face of the portal. The
de-silting chamber is located in hard and fresh Quartzite, Quartzitic Phyllite and
Diamictite bands.
Head Race Tunnel
The head race tunnel after the underground sedimentation arrangement is proposed on
the left bank of the Chanju khad in highly rugged terrain with steep escarpments and
highly dissected valleys. The rock is exposed all along the ridges with very thin overburden
cover of tallus and scree. The slopes are thickly forested.
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The head race tunnel has a general trend of N 30° W S 30° E with several bends
necessitated due to geomorphic depressions. The head race tunnel in the bed rock will
have in general a cover varying form 50 m at the glacier nala crossing to more than 300 m
at some places. No major streams cross the head race tunnel alignment. Only two small
streams are present having steep gradient from where snow fed water trickle down.
The head race tunnel in the bed rock will have in general a cover varibing form 33 m at
the glacier nala crossing to more than 253 m at some places. No major streams cross the
head race tunnel alignment. Only two small streams are present having steep gradient
from where snow fed water trickle down. The rock mass comprising Quartzite, Phyllitic
quartzite and Phyllite with Diamictite bands are expected to be expose in the tunnel
excavation. The general trend of foliation in N 20° ES 20° W dipping 20 SE directions.
There are four prominent joint sets are present in the area. The rock mass is hard fresh
and competent. The tunnel is expected to encounter moist to dripping condition in its
entire length. The contact of Phyllite with Quartzite or Diamictite is expected to
encountered moderate to heavy seepage. The synclinal axis of the folds and shear seams
will encounter moderate to heavy seepage and difficult tunnelling condition.
Fore bay
The underground forebay is located at EL + 2793.0 m and will encountered Quartzitic
Phyllite and Quartzite interbands as observed in the exploratory drill hole. The rock mass
condition is fair to good tunneling media.
Pressure Shaft
The underground pressure shaft has been proposed at 90° and will encounter with Phyllite
partings and will encounter fair to good tunnelling media.
Power House
The proposed underground Power house of Deothel Chanji HEP is located on the left bank
of Deothal khad at EL±2121 m up stream of the Chanju III HEP. The underground power
house cavern is tentatively kept at around 100 m inside the rock mass and will have e
vertical cover of more than 200 m. The exposed rock in the area is Phyllitic Quartzite,
Quartzite and Diamictite with Phyllite parting. The general trend of foliation is N 30°W S
30°E with 40°to 45°south westerly dip. The alignment of the power house cavity has been
tentatively selected taking into consideration the geometry of the structural continuity in
the rock mass.
Quarry Sites
The construction material survey has been carried out in the vicinity of the Seir nallah up
stream of the weir site. The river bourne material present in the nallah is expected to be
used as coarse aggregate. The fine aggregate will be mined locally or may be used as
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crushed sand.
6.6 SEISMICITY AND SEISMO-TECTONICS
The Himalayas is the product of the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate,
where Indian plate is under thrusting beneath the Eurasian plate. The collision tectonics
resulting in progressive progradation of thrust sheets like the Main Central Thrust (MCT),
Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT). The contemporary
deformation styles and the seismicity in the Himalaya are related to this continued
collision tectonics resulting in strain builds up along discrete tectonic surfaces and
transverse features causing segmented blocks. On the basis of well constrained focal
depths of many moderate earthquakes in the tectonic domain between the MBT and MCT,
the focal mechanism of discrete events and neotectonic adjustments, many workers have
postulated that in the Main Himalayan seismic belt, the events are related to the thrust
type of faults. Two seismo-tectonic models, one Steady State Model proposed by Seeber
and Armbruster, (1981) and another, the Evolutionary Model proposed by Ni and
Barazangi, (1984) and minor modifications, have been in use to explain the high seismic
status of the Himalaya. Seeber and Armbruster, (1981) have identified two separate
seismogenic domains. One related to the interplate detachment surface, dipping at low
angles towards north beneath the Tethyan slab, and the source for the Great Himalayan
Earthquakes like the Kangra event of 1905. The other domain is the thrust type of
deformation style located between the MCT and MBT, the Basement Thrust Front (BTF). It
has also been postulated that the Detachment surface and the MCT and related thrust
surfaces, which are steeper than the detachment surface merge beneath the Great
Himalayan Range.
The most referred conceptual tectonic model of the Himalayan Seismic Belt (HSB), the
seismic zone within the MBT and MCT, suggests that below the Main Central Thrust (MCT)
lies the Basement Thrust Front (BTF), a ramp. The ramp is a geometrical asperity on the
plane of detachment, which accumulates the stress due to collision tectonics in the
Himalaya, and it was suggested that the great earthquakes occurred on the plane of
detachment. The plane of detachment separates the Indian shield and the Himalayan
sedimentary wedge; some authors named it Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT).
The Himalayan Seismic Belt generated several large and great earthquakes based on which
a conceptual tectonic model was envisaged. The Himalayan tectonic model fits fairly well
with the Western Himalayan seismicity to the north of MBT, where earthquakes occur on
the MHT at shallower (<20 km) depth. The four great earthquakes that occurred to the
south of MBT, however, do not fit into this model. It is argued that these events are not on
the MHT, each occurred at a deeper depth in different tectonic domains.
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located in highly seismic Central Himalayas. Tectonically, the region is located in Main
Himalayan Tectonic Belt bounded by Indus Suture Zone (ISZ) in the north and Main
Boundary Fault (MBF-1) in south. Most important tectonic plane within this belt is Main
Central Thrust (MCT). However, its position in the area between the rivers Beas and
Chenab has not been clearly demarcated. The other feature of tectonic importance in this
belt is the Vaikrita Thrust. The tectonic zone south of Main Himalayan Belt is Frontal Fold
Belt demarcated in north by MBF1 and in south by Foot Hill Thrust (FHT). The important
tectonic surfaces in this zone include MBF-II, Jwalamukhi Thrust and MBF-III apart from
several transverse faults. From seismotectonic point of view, the project area falls on the
western margin of Kangra Seismic Block of Narula (1991) which is demarcated by Ravi Tear
in west and Sunder Nagar Fault in east. The earthquake catalogue of IMD indicates that
the concentration of magnitude >4<5 earthquakes is maximum in 'the area, being 71% of
total recorded events between latitude 32°-34°and longitude 75°-78°. The catalogue also
indicates that after 1964, when worldwide seismic network was established, a total of 83
earthquakes were recorded up to March, 1995 in the above mentioned area. The
percentage of earthquakes with magnitude >4<5 was 75, those with magnitude >5<6 were
14% and rest of the events had greater magnitude.
6.7 TECTONIC SETUP OF PROJECT AREA
The proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project is situated in between MCT and STDS in
broad tectonic framework of the Tethyan Himalayas and Central Crystalline sequences. In
NW Himalayas the Main Central Thrust is disposed as window and Klippe structures. The
Kishtwar Window is located towards NW of the project area, while Kullu-Largi Rampur
Window in SE direction. Towards south in Chamba region, the MCT run more or less
parallel to MBT in NW-SE direction. The Shimla Klippe is significant adjunct to this thrust.
Other tectonic element like MBT and HFT lies further south of MCT while STDS and Zanskar
shear zone towards north of the project area.
CHAPTER-7 BASELINE SETTING FOR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
ASPECTS
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CHAPTER-7
BASELINE SETTING FOR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS
7.1 GENERAL
Before start of any Environmental Impact Assessment study, it is necessary to identify the
baseline levels of relevant environmental parameters which are likely to be affected as a
result of the construction and operation of the proposed project. A similar approach has been
adopted for conducting the EIA study for the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric Project. A
Scoping Matrix as outlined in Chapter-4 was formulated to identify various issues likely to be
affected as a result of the proposed project. Based on the specific inputs likely to accrue in
the proposed project, aspects to be covered in the EIA study were identified. The other
issues as outlined in the Scoping Matrix were then discarded. Thus, planning of baseline
survey commenced with the shortlisting of impacts and identification of parameters for
which the data needs to be collected. The baseline setting for physico-chemical aspects have
been covered in this Chapter.
7.2 METEOROLOGY
Temperature
There are no temperature records available at the proposed diversion site. Some records
are available at Chamba town, which is located about 80 km southwest of the proposed
diversion site. The temperature records at Chamba shows that mean monthly temperature
at Chamba varies between 5.2°C (January) and 32.5°C (May). The elevation of Chamba is
920 m, whereas the elevation of Chanju-III diversion site is 2100 m. Furthermore, the
catchment area of the Chanju-III HEP is located at a much higher elevation (between 2100
m to 5000 m). The average temperatures is lower in the basin. Thus, temperatures at
the diversion site would be relatively lower than Chamba. The temperature data available
at Chamba is presented in Table 7.1 and is shown in Figure-7.1.
Table-7.1: Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures at Chamba S.No. Month Daily Max (ºC) Daily Min (ºC) 1 January 15.2 5.2 2 February 16.1 5.9 3 March 22.3 10.6 4 April 28.6 14.6 5 May 32.5 17.8 6 June 30.4 22 7 July 30.4 22 8 August 28.8 21.2 9 September 29.1 18.1 10 October 27.1 12.6 11 November 22.5 8.5 12 December 18.3 5.9
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Figure-7.1: Daily maximum and minimum temperature at Chamba
Humidity
The relative humidity is generally high in the monsoon season, being over 80%. In the post
monsoon and winter seasons the humidity is less. The summer is generally the driest part
of the year.
Precipitation Characteristics
The precipitation in the catchment takes place in the form of snow and rain. The
catchment receives rains from June/July to September due to the south-west monsoon. In
this basin, little rainfall is observed during winter season (November-February) and spring
season (March-April). The precipitation during winter season is mostly in the form of snow,
primarily due to western disturbances that pass over the north-west part of the country
during this period. There is no rain gauge in the catchment. The annual rainfall records
are available for the 13 non-recording rain gauges of Chamba District.
Tissa rain gauge is located far away from the basin, but still it is relatively closer to the
basin as compared to other rain gauge stations. The elevation of Tissa rain gauge station is
1550 m. There is no snow gauge in the basin. About 95% of the basin lies above 2000 m
altitude, which clearly shows that the major part of the basin experiences moderate to
heavy snow fall during winters, however, the non-availability of records on snow
precipitation at Tissa or any other station makes it difficult to assess the snow
contribution from the basin.
7.3 SOILS
As a part of field studies, soil depth at various locations in the catchment area ranged
from 20 to 50 cm. Sampling Locations are listed in Table-7.2. The results of the analysis of
soil sampling conducted for summer (May, 2014), Monsoon (August 2014) and winter
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(December 2014) seasons are given in Tables-7.3 to 7.5 respectively. The soil sampling
sites are shown in Figure-7.2.
Table-7.2: Details of Locations of Soil Sampling Sampling Code Location Type of Land
S 1 Village Kulpari, Downstream of Deothal Trench Weir and upstream of Chanju -III trench weir, Right Bank
Agriculture Land
S2 Dantoi Village, Power House of Deothal Chanju, Upstream of Chanju-III Right bank
Agriculture Land
S3 Dantoi Village, Power House of Deothal Chanju, Upstream of Chanju-III, Right Bank
Agriculture Land
S4 Dodi Village, Power house of Chanju-III, downstream of Deothal Chanju, Right Bank
Agriculture Land
S5 Dodi Village, Power house of Chanju-III, downstream of Deothal Chanju, Right bank
Agriculture Land
Soil Sampling Location Soil Sampling Location
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Figure-7.2: Sampling Location Map
Table-7.3: Results of soil sampling analysis of study area for summer season S. No.
4 Sodium (as Na), mg/kg 148.54 76.42 72.12 72.13 81.12 5 Potassium (as K), mg/kg 1853.21 2212.46 2450.44 2213.56 2855.31 6. Texture Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay The pH of the soil is in neutral range. The low EC values indicate low salt content. The
levels of nutrients indicate that the soil has low to moderate productivity. The continuous
washout of nutrients along with runoff as a result of high precipitation and steep slopes
can be attributed for this phenomenon.
7.4 WATER QUALITY
There are no major sources of organic pollution loading in the catchment intercepted at
the project site. The Catchment has low population density with low cropping intensity.
The low cropping intensity coupled with low agro-chemical dosing also means that the
pollution load due to agro-chemicals is quite low. The absence of industries implies that
there is no pollution load from this source as well.
As a part of the field studies, water samples were collected at various locations in the
study area. Sampling Locations are listed in Table-7.6. The results of the analysis of Water
sampling conducted for summer (May, 2014), Monsoon (August 2014) and winter
(December 2014) seasons are given in Tables-7.7 to 7.9 respectively. The drinking water
quality standards are given in Table-7.10. The water sampling locations are shown in
Figure-7.2.
Table-7.6: Details of Locations of Water Sampling Sites Sampling Code Location W1 Stream water Chanju-III Trench weir W2 Downstream of Chanju-III Trench weir W3 Dantoi Nallah, Downstream of Chanju-III Trench weir W4 Mahed Nallah, Chanju-III W5 Stream Water Power house Chanju-III
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Water Sampling Location Water Sampling Location
Table- 7.7: Water quality in the study area for Summer season
Table-7.10: Drinking water quality standards (Specified by Central Public Health and Environment Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) Characteristics *Acceptable **Cause for
Rejection Turbidity (units on JTU scale) 2.5 10 Colour (Units on platinum cobalt scale) 5.0 25 Taste and Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable PH 7.0 to 8.5 <6.5 or >9.2 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 500 1500 Total hardness (mg/l) (as CaCO3) 200 600 Chlorides as CD (mg/l) 200 1000 Sulphates (as SO4) 200 400 Fluorides (as F) (mg/l) 1.0 1.5 Nitrates (as NO3) (mg/l) 45 45 Calcium (as Ca) (mg/l) 75 200 Magnesium (as Mg) (mg/l) If there are 250 mg/l of sulphates, Mg content can be increased to a maximum of 125 mg/l with the reduction of sulphates at the rate of 1 unit per every 2.5 units of sulphates
generally acceptable to the consumers **2 Figures in excess of those mentioned under `Acceptable render the water not acceptable,
but still may be tolerated in the absence of alternative and better source but upto the
rejected.
The Elecertical Conductivity (EC) in water samples ranged from 194.0 to 270.0 S/cm in
summer season, 189.0 to 254.0 S/cm in monsoon season and 181.4 to 248.1 S/cm in
winter season. The low hardness level can be attributed low calcium and magnesium
levels, which are responsible for soft nature of water. The low EC values indicate the
lower concentration of total dissolved solids. This is also reflected by the fact that the
concentration of most of the cations and anions are well within the permissible limit.
(Refer Table-7.10).
The BOD and COD levels are quite low, which indicate the absence of organic pollution
loading. This is mainly due to the low population density and absence of industries in the
area. The low COD values also indicate the absence of chemical pollution loading in the
area. The heavy metal concentration in the study area is below the permissible limit used
for drinking purposes. It can be concluded that water quality was observed to be quite
good, as various parameters are well below the permissible limit specified for meeting
domestic requirements.
7.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
The ambient air quality with respect to the study area around the proposed site forms the
baseline information. The study area represents rural environment. The sources of air
pollution in the region are vehicular traffic, dust arising from unpaved roads and domestic
fuel burning. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to establish the
existing ambient air quality of the area. This section describes the identification of
sampling locations, methodology adopted for monitoring, and frequency of sampling.
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Selection of Sampling Locations
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through a scientifically
designed ambient air quality monitoring network and is based on the following
considerations:
Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status Representation of likely affected area.
Three Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) locations were selected taking care of
above-mentioned points. The following stations have been monitored:
Near weir site (A1) Near power house site (A2) Village Chanju (A3)
Frequency and Parameters for Sampling
Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two samples per
week for four consecutive weeks at various locations.The baseline data of ambient air
environment has been generated for the mentioned parameters as given below:
Particulate Matter less than 10 microns (PM10) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
The findings of ambient air quality monitoring in various seasons are given in Table-7.11.
The ambient air quality standards are given in Table-7.12.
Table-7.11: Findings of ambient air quality monitoring in various seasons Parameter Average (µg/m3) Maximum (µg/m3) Minimum (µg/m3) Particulate Matter less than 10 microns (PM10)
47.3 55.3 52 60 40 49
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 6.7 8.2 8.3 8.7 BDL Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 9.1 12.4 13.4 13.8 7.2 8.1 Table-7.12: National Ambient Air quality Standards (NAAQS) S. No.
Pollutant Time Weighted Average
Concentration of Ambient Air Industrial, Residential Rural and other area
Ecologically Sensitive area (notified by Central Government)
1 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) , µg/m3
Annual* 24 hours **
50
80
20
80 2 Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2) , µg/m3
Annual* 24 hours **
40
80
30
80 3 Particulate Matter
(Size less than 10, µm) or PM10 , µg/m3
Annual* 24 hours **
60
100
60
100
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Notes: Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular
site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.
24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.
Observations on ambient PM10 levels
The average PM10 levels as observed at various stations in the study area ranged from 47.3
to 55.3 µg/m3. The highest PM10 value was recorded as 60 µg/m3 at power house site. The
PM10 values monitored during the field survey were well below the permissible limit of 100
g/m3 for residential and rural areas (Refer Table-7.12).
Observation on ambient SO2 levels
The highest average SO2 values of 8.2 g/m3 was observed at weir site in winter season.
The highest value of 8.7 g/m3 too was also observed at the same station in winter season.
The SO2 level was Below Detectable Limit BDL of 6 g/m3 at some stations covered in
ambient air quality monitoring programme. The SO2 level observed at various sampling
stations was much lower than the permissible limit of 80 g/m3 for residential and rural
areas are given in Table-7.12.
Observations on NO2 levels
The highest average NO2 values of 12.4 g/m3 was observed at power house site in winter
season. The highest value of 13.8 g/m3 too was also observed at the same station in
winter season. The NO2 level observed at various sampling stations was much lower than
the permissible limit of 80 g/m3 for residential and rural areas are given in Table-7.12.
7.6 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Baseline noise data has been measured using a weighted sound pressure level meter. The
survey was carried out in calm surrounding. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurement in
the outside environment was made using sound pressure level meter. Hourly noise meter
readings were taken at four (4) sites. The noise levels were monitored continuously from 6
AM to 9 PM at each location and hourly equivalent noise level was measured. The hourly
ambient noise levels monitored for summer, monsoon and winter seasons are given in
Tables-7.13 to 7.15 respectively. The noise location map is shown in Figure-7.3. The day
time equivalent noise levels estimated are given in Table-7.16. The noise standard for
various categories is given in Table-7.17.
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Figure-7.3: Noise sampling Location Map
Table-7.13: Hourly equivalent noise levels-Summer Season (Unit:dB(A)) Location Trench Weir
site (N1) Downstream of trench weir (N2)
Power house site (N3)
Catchment Area (N4)
6-7 AM 37 37 38 38 7-8 AM 40 39 40 39 8-9 AM 41 41 41 42 9-10 AM 42 43 42 42 10-11 AM 44 44 43 42 11-12 Noon 45 44 40 42 12 noon 1 PM 42 43 44 44
Table-7.16: Day time Equivalent noise levels S. No. Location Zone Seasons (Value (dB(A))
Summer Monsoon Winter 1. Trench Weir site Residential 41.55 43.8 43.9 2. Downstream of trench weir Residential 41.54 43.2 43.4 3. Power house site Residential 41.58 43.9 43.9 4. Catchment Area Residential 41.57 43.9 44.5
Table-7.17 : Ambient Noise Standards Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A)Leq
Day time Night time A. Industrial Area 75 70 B. Commercial Area 65 55 C. Residential Area 55 45 D. Silence Zone 50 40 Notes:
Day time 6 A.M. and 9 P.M. Night time is 9 P.M. and 6 A.M. Silence zone is defined as areas upto 100 meters around such Premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to
be declared by competent authority. Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.
Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules, 2000 Gazette notification, Government of India, date 14.2.2000.
The day time equivalent noise level at various sampling stations ranged from 41.54 to
41.58 dB(A) in summer season, 43.2 to 43.9 dB(A) in monsoon season and 43.4 to 44.5
dB(A) in winter season. The noise levels were observed to be well within permissible limits
specified for residential area (Refer Table-7.17).
7.7 LAND USE PATTERN
Landuse describes how a patch of land is used (e.g. for agriculture, settlement, forest),
whereas land cover describes the materials (such as vegetation, rocks or buildings) that
are present on the surface. Accurate land use and land cover identification is the key to
most of the planning processes.
The land use pattern of the study area has been studied through digital satellite imagery
Polygonum spp., ferns and grasses. Climbers are relatively few, but the oaks carry a
conspicuous vesture of mosses.
8.3 OBJECTIVES
The ecological study of the surrounding area up to 10 km radius of propose project has been
conducted in order to understand the ecological status of the existing flora and fauna to
generate baseline information and evaluate the probable impacts on the biological
environment.
The objectives of the terrestrial ecological survey were to:
Preparation of comprehensive checklist of flora.
Determine frequency abundance and density of different vegetation component.
Importance value index of the dominant vegetation in the study area of proposed
project.
Estimation of ecological diversity index of different plant communities
Identification and listing of Rare Endangered species RET.
Identification and listing of plants of biologically, economical and medicinal
importance
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8.4 SAMPLING SITES
Field studies for terrestrial ecology have been conducted at various locations in the study
area. The list of sampling locations is given in Table-8.1.
Table-8.1: Sampling Locations for Terrestrial ecological studies Sites Sampling locations Site-I Catchment Area (Chanju nallah) Site-II Trench weir site-I nearby Dantoi village Site-III Trench weir site-II on Mahed nallah Site-IV Power House site nearby Jakhla village Site-V Downstream of Power house site
The terrestrial sampling station is depicted in Figure-8.1.
In summer season, a total of 125 plant species were recorded during floristic survey for
Chanju-III HE project. Of these, 25 species were trees, 29 were shrubs, 55 were herbs, 7 were
grasses, 6 were climbers and 3 species of sedges. In monsoon season, a total of 145 plant
species were recorded, which is the highest number of plant diversity in the project area. Out
of 145 plants, 25 species were trees, 31 were shrubs, 64 were herbs, 15 were grasses, 7 were
climbers and 3 species were sedges. The field studies in winter season revealed that, a total
of 102 plant species were recorded. Of these, 25 species were trees, 31 were shrubs, 32 were
herbs, 7 were grasses, 5 were climbers and 2 species were sedges. In winter season species
richness were found to be low as compared to other seasons, it is because of prevailing
extreme cold climatic condition in the project area. (Refer Figure- 8.3).
Figure 8.3: Seasonal variations in the floristic composition at Chanju-III HE Project
The list of floral species recorded at various sampling locations of the project area in various
seasons is given in Table-8.4.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Family
Genera
Species
Gymnosperm
Monocots
Dicots
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Trees Shrubs Herbs Grasses Climbers SedgeLifeforms
Summer
MonsoonWinter
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Table-8.4: List of plant species recorded from the Chanju-III HE Project Area in various seasons
Plant species Family Local name Division Habit Acer caesium Wall. ex Brandis Aceraceae Mapple/Mander Dicot Tree Angelica glauca Edgew Apiaceae Taskarsh-canda Dicot. Herb Bunium persicumBioss. Apiaceae Kala zera Dicot Herb Bupleurium candollii Wall. ex DC. Apiaceae Dicot Herb Chaerophyllum acuminatum Lindley Apiaceae - Dicot Herb Heracleum lanatum Michaux Apiaceae Hogweed Dicot Herb Selinum candollii DC. Apiaceae - Dicot. Herb Arisaema jacquimontii Bl. Araliaceae - Monocot Herb Hedera nepalensis K. Koch Araliaceae - Monocot Climber Ainsliaea aptera DC. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Anaphalis busua (Buch.- Ham ex D.Don) DC. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Anaphalis royleana DC. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Anthemis cotula L. Asteraceae Chigar weed Dicot Herb Artemisia martima L. Asteraceae Safed parcha Dicot Shrub Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. Asteraceae Chirmara Dicot Herb Artemisia scoparia Waldst. Asteraceae Kunja Dicot Herb Aster thomsonii Clarke Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Cichorium intybus L. Asteraceae Khibsha Dicot. Herb Cirsium wallichii DC. Asteraceae Barunsh Dicot Herb Conyza canadensis L. Asteraceae Malchu Dicot Herb Conyza stricta Willd. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Erigeron multicaulis Wall. ex DC. Asteraceae Dicot Herb Erigeron multiradiatus Benth. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Gnaphalium luteo-album L. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Inulu racemosa Hk. Asteraceae Mano Dicot Herb Lactuca disecta D. Don Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Senecio laetus Edgew. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Tagetes minuta L. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Taraxacum officinale Weber Asteraceae Paranbala, Dicot Herb Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Asteraceae - Dicot Herb Impatiens sulcata Wallich Balsaminaceae - Dicot Herb Berberis aristata DC. Berberidaceae Kemal/Rausat Dicot Shrub Berberis lycium Royle Berberidaceae Kemal/Rausat Dicot Shrub Alnus nepalensis D.Don Betulaceae Piyakh Dicot Tree Corylus jacquemontii Decne. Betulaceae Thangi Dicot Tree
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Plant species Family Local name Division Habit Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsk. Boraginaceae Dicot Herb Cynoglossum zeylanicum(Vahl ex Horn.) Thumb. Boraginaceae Gypsy flower Dicot Herb
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus Brassicaceae Shaphered purse Dicot Herb
Cardamine hirsuta L. Brassicaceae - Dicot Herb Lepidium virginicum L. Brassicaceae - Dicot Herb Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Brassicaceae - Dicot Herb Thlaspi arvense L. Brassicaceae - Dicot Herb Buddleja crispa Benth. Scr. Buddlejaceae Kashna Dicot Shrub Sarcococca saligna ( D.Don) Muell.- Arg. Buxaceae - Dicot Shrub Cannabis sativa L. Cannabaceae Bhang Dicot Herb Viburnum cotinifolium D .Don Caprifoliaceae Nilonji Dicot Shrub Viburnum erubecens Wall. Ex DC. Caprifoliaceae Kilonj Dicot Shrub Stellaria monosperma D.Don Caryophyllaceae - Dicot Herb Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae Bathuwa Dicot Herb Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Chenopodiaceae - Dicot Herb Coriaria nepalensis Wallich Coriariaceae Bhashndeyi Dicot Shrub Carex cruciata Wahlenb. Cyperaceae Monocot Sedge Carex nubigena Tilloch & Taylor Cyperaceae - Monocot Herb Eriophorum comosum (Wallich) Wall. ex Nees Cyperaceae Monocot Sedge Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Griseb. Dioscoreaceae Kinsh Monocot Climber Elaeagnus parvifolia Wallich ex Royle Elaeagnaceae - Dicot Shrub Hippophae salicifolia D. Don. Elaeagnaceae Sarla Dicot Shrub Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude. Ericaceae Alan Dicot Tree Rhododendron arboreum Smith Ericaceae Barh Dicot Tree Euphorbia pilosa L. Euphorbiaceae - Dicot Herb Astragalus candolleanus Royle ex. Benth. Fabaceae - Dicot Herb Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex. Brandis Fabaceae Kathi Dicot Shrub Medicago polymorpha L. Fabaceae - Dicot Herb Trifolium pratense L. Fabaceae - Dicot. Herb Trifolium repens L. Fabaceae - Dicot Herb Trigonella emodi Benth. Fabaceae - Dicot Herb Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex Rehder Fagaceae - Dicot Tree Quercus glauca Thunb. Fagaceae - Dicot Tree Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus Fagaceae Banz Dicot Tree Gentiana capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Gentianaceae - Dicot Herb
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Plant species Family Local name Division Habit Geranium nepalense Sweet Geraniaceae - Dicot Herb Geranium wallichianum D.Don ex Sweet Geraniaceae Rakt Jari Dicot. Herb Sweritia cordata (G.Don ) Cl. Geraniaceae - Dicot Herb Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana (Dcne.) Rehder Hammeleadaceae Killar Dicot Shrub Aesculus indica (Colebr.ex Cambess.) Hook. Hippocastanaceae Goon Dicot Tree Deutzia staminea R.Br. ex Wallich Hydrangeaceae - Dicot Shrub Hypreicum oblongifolium Choisy Hypericaceae - Dicot Shrub Juglans regia L. Juglandaceae Akhrot Dicot Tree Ajuga bracteosa Wallich ex Benth Lamiaceae Neelkanthi Dicot Herb Clinopodium umbrosum (M. Bieb.) C. Koch Lamiaceae - Dicot Herb Lamium album L. Lamiaceae - Dicot Herb Mentha longifolia L. Lamiaceae Takchi Dicot Herb Nepeta laevigata L. Lamiaceae - Dicot Herb Origanum vulgare L Lamiaceae Banbakari Dicot Herb Phlomis bracteosa Royle ex Benth. Lamiaceae - Dicot Herb Prunella vulgaris L. Lamiaceae - Dicot Herb Rabdosia rugosa (Wallich ex Benth.) Lamiaceae - Dicot Shrub Thymus linearis Benth. Lamiaceae Kochi masha Dicot. Herb Litsea spp., Lauraceae Chiluth Dicot Tree Reinwardtia indica Dumort. Linaceae - Dicot Herb Malva verticillata L. Malvaceae Mikanchi Dicot Herb Ficus palmata Forsk. Moraceae - Dicot Tree Morus serrata Roxb. Moraceae Kurumi Dicot Tree Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (Wall. Ex G. Don) DC. Oleaceae Sainjal Dicot Tree Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Kuthamri Dicot Herb Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Phytolaccaceae - Dicot Herb Abies pindrow Royley Pinaceae Tosh Gymno Tree Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex Lam) G. Don Pinaceae Diyar Gymno. Tree Picea smithiana (Wallich) Boissier Pinaceae Rai Gymno Tree Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson Pinaceae Kail Gymno. Tree Aconogonum molle (D. Don) Hara Plantaginaceae - Dicot Herb Plantago depressa Willd. Plantaginaceae Maran Dicot Herb Plantago major L. Plantaginaceae Karecha Dicot Herb Agrostis pilosula Trin Poaceae - Monocot Grass Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. Poaceae Creeping foxtail Monocot Grass Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst Poaceae Kangulya Monocot. Grass
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Plant species Family Local name Division Habit Arundo donax L. Poaceae Fillu Monocot Grass Bromus gracillimus Vahl Poaceae - Monocot. Grass Bromus japonicus Vahl Poaceae - Monocot Grass Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin. Poaceae Monocot Grass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Persoon Poaceae Dhoob Monocot Grass Dactylis glomerata L. Poaceae - Monocot Grass Eragrostis pilosaL. P. Beauv Poaceae - Monocot. Grass Festuca rubra L. Poaceae - Monocot. Grass Phleum alpinum L. Poaceae - Monocot Grass Poa annua L. Poaceae - Monocot Grass Poa supina Schrad. Poaceae - Monocot Grass Saccharum filifolium Nees ex Steud. Poaceae - Monocot Grass Saccharum rufipilum Steud Poaceae - Monocot Grass Stipa roylei (Nees) Mez Poaceae - Monocot Grass Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara Polygonaceae - Dicot Herb Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill. Polygonaceae Choti-chukri Dicot Herb Persicaria polystachya (Wall. Ex Meisn.) Polygonaceae - Dicot Herb Rheum emodii Wall. Polygonaceae - Dicot Herb Rumex hastatusL. Polygonaceae Amrehi Dicot Herb Rumex nepalensis Sprengel Polygonaceae Ubbal Dicot. Herb Primula denticulata Smith Primulaceae - Dicot Herb Caltha palustris L. Ranunculaceae - Dicot Herb Clematis montana Buch. -Ham. ex DC Ranunculaceae - Dicot Climber Ranunculus sceleratus L. Ranunculaceae - Dicot Herb Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Ranunculaceae - Dicot Herb Cotoneaster bacillaris Wallich Rosaceae Reosha Dicot Shrub Cotoneaster microphyllus Edgew Rosaceae - Dicot Shrub Cotoneaster rosea Edgew. Rosaceae - Dicot Shrub Duschenia indica L. Rosaceae Wild rusberry Dicot Herb Fragaria vesca L. Rosaceae Palla Dicot Herb Prinsepia utilis Royle Rosaceae Karangura Dicot Shrub Prunus armeniaca L. Rosaceae Chihri Dicot Tree Prunus padus L. Rosaceae Jammur Dicot Tree Pyracantha crenulata ( D. Don ) Roem. Rosaceae - Dicot Shrub Pyrus communis L. Rosaceae Naspati Dicot Tree Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Rosaceae - Dicot Tree Rosa brunonii Lindley Rosaceae - Dicot Climber Rosa macrophylla Lindley Rosaceae - Dicot Shrub
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Plant species Family Local name Division Habit Rosa webbiana Wall.ex Royle Rosaceae - Dicot Shrub Rubus foliolosus D.Don Rosaceae Karer Dicot Shrub Rubus macilentus Cambess Rosaceae Karer Dicot Shrub Sorbaria tomentosa ( Lindley) Rehder Rosaceae Kandayi Dicot Shrub Spiraea canescens D.Don Rosaceae - Dicot Shrub Galium aparine L. Rubiaceae Kuri Dicot Herb Galium elegans Wall. Rubiaceae - Dicot Herb Leptodermis lanceolata Wall. Rubiaceae - Dicot Shrub Rubia cordifolia L. Rubiaceae Manjistha Dicot Climber Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Reichb Rutaceae Pissumar-bhuti Dicot Herb Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle Salicaceae Popular Dicot Tree Salix denticulata Anders. Salicaceae Bes Dicot Shrub Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Salicaceae Bes Dicot Tree Bergenia ciliata (Haworth) Sternb. Saxifragaceae Pathafodu Dicot Herb Verbascum thapsus L. Scrophulariaceae Akalvir/Tombru Dicot Herb Smilax aspera L. Smilacaceae - Monocot Climber Daphne papyracea Wallich ex Steudel Thymelaeaceae - Dicot Shrub Celtis tetrandra Roxb. Ulmaceae Kharak Dicot Tree Ulmus wallichiana Planch. Ulmaceae Moral Dicot Tree Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis Urticaceae - Dicot Shrub Lecanthus wallichii Wedd. Urticaceae - Dicot Herb Urtica dioca L. Urticaceae Ayen/Kandali Dicot Shrub Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Valerianaceae Nihani Dicot Herb Viola biflora L. Violaceae - Dicot Herb Viola canescens Wallich Violaceae Vanfsa Dicot Herb Parthenocissus semicordata (Wall.) Planch. Vitaceae - Dicot Climber
8.6.2 Economically Important plants
Economically forests are endowed with many useful plant species viz., timber yielding
species, fuel wood, fruits, dyes, fodder, resin and various minor forest products etc. The
important timber yielding trees which is mainly used for house construction and furniture
include Diyar (Cedrus deodara) Tosh (Abies pindrow), Rai (Picea smithiana), Kail (Pinus
wallichiana) and species like Moru (Quercus floribunda), Killar (Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana)
Moral (Ulmus wallichiana), Thangi (Corylus jacquemontii) and Kurumi (Morus serrata) are
used for fuelwood & fodder purpose. Reosha (Cotoneaster bacillaris) is used by locals for
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making sticks in the area. The list of economically important plant species and their values in
the proposed project area is given in Table -8.5.
Table -8.5: List of economically important plant species recorded from the study area Plant species Local name Habit Economic value Abies pindrow Royley Tosh Tree Timber Bromus gracillimus Vahl - Grass Fodder Celtis tetrandra Roxb. Kharak Tree Timber, fodder Cotoneaster bacillaris Wallich Reosha Shrub Making sticks Duschenia indica L. Wild rusberry Herb Fruit edible Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle Popular Tree Fodder,fuelwood Prunus armeniaca L. Chihri Tree Fruit edible Prunus padus L. Jammur Tree Fuel, fodder Pyrus communis L. Naspati Tree Fruit edible Rubus foliolosus D.Don Karer Shrub Fruit edible Salix denticulata Anders. Bes Shrub Fuelwood Ulmus wallichiana Planch. Moral Tree Timber, fodder, fuelwood Quercus floribunda Lindl. ex Rehder Moru Tree Fodder,fuelwood Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson Kail Tree Timber, furniture Picea smithiana (Wallich) Boissier Rai Tree Timber, furniture Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana (Dcne.) Rehder Killar Shrub Fodder Morus serrata Roxb. Kurumi Tree Fodder Litsea spp., Chiluth Tree Fuelwood Juglans regia L. Akhrot Tree Fruit edible Trifolium pratense L. - Herb Fodder Chenopodium album L. Bathuwa Herb Green vegetable Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (Wall. Ex G. Don) DC. Sainjal Tree Fuelwood Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex Lam) G. Don Diyar Tree Timber/Resin/furniture Aesculus indica (Colebr.ex Cambess.) Hook. Goon Tree Fuelwood Quercus glauca Thunb. - Tree Fodder,fuelwood Alnus nepalensis D.Don Piyakh Tree Fuel, fodder Corylus jacquemontii Decne. Thangi Tree Fodder Acer caesium Wall. ex Brandis Mapple/Mander Tree Fuelwood, fodder Cannabis sativa L. Bhang Herb Fiber
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8.6.3 Medicinally important plant species
Himachal Pradesh, in the Indian Himalaya, has much diversity of medicinal plants which are
widely used. Many medicinal plants are used in drug formulation based on Ayurvedic, Unani,
and Homeopathic and Allopathic pharmacy. The local people used various plants internally
for treating stomach disorder like diarrhea, dysentery, cold, cough, fever, asthma and
externally for rheumatism, skin diseases, cuts, boil and injuries. The usage of various plant
species by the locals varies with the altitude and availability of resources in the surrounding
areas. The most commonly used medicinal plants observed in the study area are Ainsliaea
Bergenia ciliata. Rhizomatous part Kidney stone and clean eyes of livestock
Crataegus oxyacantha Seeds Liver complaints, Jaundice Juglans regia Leaves and Bark Cleaning teeth, animal bone fracture Selinum candollii Roots Cough, asthma Ainsliaea aptera Root Diuretic and stomach ache. Rhododendron arboreum Flower juice
Injuries, urinary tract problem, blood purifier
Corylus jacquemontii Seed, oil Fractures, joint pain Salix alba L. Bark Antiseptic, wounds
8.6.4 Community characteristics at various sampling sites in various seasons In order to understand the community structure, vegetation sampling was carried out at
different locations in the project area.
Site-I, Catchment Area (Chanju nallah)
TREE & SHRUB COMMUNITY LAYER
In the catchment area, a total of 10 tree species were recorded while surveying for Chanju-III
HE Project. The average density of tree species was recorded to be 275 individuals/ ha. In
terms of IVI as well as density, Abies pindrow, Picea smithiana and Pinus wallichiana were
the dominant tree species at this sampling site. The maximum occurrence was observed for
Abies pindrow with 45% frequency.
A total of 12 shrub species were recorded from the catchment area of Chanju-III HE Project.
The average density of this group of species was recorded to be 715 individuals/ ha. In terms
of IVI (46.73) as well as density (120 individuals/ ha), Viburnum cotinifolium was recorded to
be the dominant shrub species at this sampling site. Sorbaria tomentosa, Cotoneaster
microphyllus, and Indigofera heterantha were the co-dominant species. The maximum
frequency of occurrence was recorded for Cotoneaster microphyllus with 70% frequency. The
details are given in Table-8.7.
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-17
Table-8.7: Distribution analysis of tree and shrub community at site-I Plant Species Frequency
Habitat and distribution: The Himalayan Tahr inhabits steep rocky mountain sides,
temperate to sub-alpine forests up to tree line, between 2500 and 5,200 m. Hemitragus
jemlahicus prefers rugged wooded hills and mountains slopes in the subalpine and alpine
regions from 3500-4500 meters in elevation. It may also seasonally use mixed oak forests as
low as 2500 meters and alpine meadows as high as 5000 meters. The Himalayan tahr is
diurnal, and lives in groups of 2-20 individuals, excluding older solitary males. They most
often inhabit locations in where vegetation is exposed for browsing and grazing. During the
winter (when snow covers vegetation at higher elevations), they are found on lower-altitude
slopes.
Appearance: The Himalayan tahr has a small head, small pointed ears, large eyes, and horns
that vary between males and females. Their horns reach a maximum length of 46 cm.
Himalayan tahrs are sexually dimorphic, with females being smaller in weight and in size and
having smaller horns. It has dense, reddish to dark brown woolly coat with a thick undercoat,
keeping it warm in the winter. In the spring, as temperatures rise, it loses much of its coat,
and becomes lighter in colour. The exterior of a tahr is well adapted to the harsh climate of
the Himalayans.
Food and feeding behaviour: The Himalayan Tahr are herbivores subsisting on grass, sedges,
herbs, mosses, shrubs and trees. Male rarely come out for graze in open field. Sometimes
they come out for grazing in dusk time. They take shelter in the forest area with Quercus,
Abies, Rhododendron and Pinus wallichiana. Tahr in the study area feels on species, e.g.
shrubs such as Berberis sp, Cotoneaster microphylla, Juniperus wallichiana and
Rhododendron sp, grasses such as Danthonia, Festuca and Poa etc. sedges such as Carex and
Cyperus sp.; herbs such as Iris sp, Potentilla sp, Primula sp, Rheum sp, and the fern
Dryopteris sp., and other grasses, and occasionally on the leaves of the oak (Quercus sp.)
Tahr have been observed to rise up on their hind legs to browse or to reach grasses and
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-44
mosses growing in otherwise inaccessible rocky areas. They also lick crustose lichen off rocks,
with fodder, but during dry periods, they may drink water from streams.
Reproductive behaviour: Himalayan tahr is a group of wild goat that inhabits the most
inaccessible terrain, and is found in habitat with precipituous terrain of towering cliffs, rocks,
scrub and forest between 2000 to 4000 m. Males are larger than females and measures 90-100
cm at shoulder and weigh about 90 kg. Both males and females have massive horns almost of
equal size. Tahrs are polygynous and males are subject to stiff competition for access to
females. Young reproductive males roam and mate opportunistically (when larger males are
not present), while more mature males (more than four years old) will engage in ritualistic
behavior and fighting to secure mates. During mating season, reproductive males lose much of
their fat reserves, while females and nonreproductive males do not, indicating a substantial
cost to these behaviors. Mating occurs from October to January. One or occasionally two kids
are born in June and July after a gestation of 180-242 days depending on delayed
implantation.
Predation: The Himalayan tahr is natural prey for predators such as the Common Leopard
(Panthera pardus), Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia). Humans have also been a major threat to the
Tahr, as poaching for meat or hides by local villagers still occurs, although tahr meat has an
offensive goaty smell.
8.7.2 AVI-FAUNA
As many as 38 birds species belonging to 18 families were observed in the study area Most of
the species of birds are protected as their respective families have been listed under
Schedule IV of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. On the basis of their sighting the species
are divided into common, rare and categories occasional. The bird includes the monal and
koklas, pheasants, Himalayan tragopan, snow pigeon and the chukor. Little Forktail, Koklass
Pheasant were among the uncommon or rarely sighted species, whereas Himalayan Monal was
reported from high altitude nearby area by the local inhabitants.
Most of the bird species to be affected in this zone prefer aquatic fresh water habitat, but
these are of common occurrence and distributed all over the Chanju nallah, Mahed nallah and
its tributeries e.g. White-capped Red start, Plumbeous Water Redstart, Brown Dipper, Little
Forktail, and Citrine Wagtail. Similarly, among the species of butterflies and mammals none
of the species is totally dependant or restricted to the catchment area.
Among them the common species are as Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus
(Globally Threatened), Snowcock Tetraogallus himalayensis, Himalayan or Impeyan Monal
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-45
Lophophorus impejanus and Koklass Pheasant Pucrasia macrolopha are found here but data on
general bird life is lacking. The site is considered Data Deficient till we have more
information on avifauna. During present studies, species encountered are illustrated in the
Table-8.25.
Table 8.25: List of avi-faunal species recorded from the Study Area Common Name Scientific Name Family Abundance
European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Fringillidae Common Rock Bunting Emberiza fucata Fringillidae Common White-capped Bunting Emberiza stewarti Fringillidae House Sparrow Passer domesticus Passeridae Common *Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris Fringillidae Uncommon- Red vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae Common Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys Pycnonotidae Common Common Hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae Occasional Yellow browed Tit Silvyparus modestus Paridae Common Rufous-vented Tit Parus rubidiventris Paridae Common Simla Crested tit Parus rufonuchalis Paridae Occasional Green-backed Tit Parus monticolus Paridae Ocassional Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Dicrurinae Common Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caeruleus Turdidae Common Grey Bushchat Saxicola ferrea Muscicapidae Common Plumbeous Water Redstart
Rhyacornis fuliginosus Muscicapidae Common
Western Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus occipitalis Phylloscopidae Common White capped Water Redstart
Chaimarrornis leucocephalus
Muscicapidae Common
White-throated Fantail Rhipidera albicollis Rhipiduridae Common Brown Dipper Cinclus pallasii Cinclidae Fairly common Little Forktail Enicurrus scouleri Muscicapidae Uncommon Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis Columbidae Common Oriental White eye Zosterops palpebrosus Zosteropidae Uncommon Streaked laughing Thrush Garrulax lineatus Timaliidae Common Variegated Laughing thrush
Garrulax variegatus Timaliidae Common
Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis Accipitridae Common Red billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Corvidae Common Rock pigeon Columba livia Columbidae Ocassional Snow Pigeon Columba leuconota Columbidae Fairly common Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Columbidae Common Yellow-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus Corvidae Common *Himalayan snow cock Tetraogallus himalayensis Phasianidae Fairly common Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus Phasianidae Fairly Common Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola Motacillidae Common Chukar Alectoris gracea /chukar Phasianidae Fairly common *Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus Phasianidae Uncommon *Snow Partridge Lewra lewra Phasianidae Uncommon *Koklass Pheasant Pucrasia macrolopha Phasianidae Uncommom
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-46
*Not sighted in the study area however present at higher elevation in Himachal pradesh.
8.7.3 Herpetofauna- Reptiles
A total of 6 species of reptiles were recorded from the area. However, only two species of
herpetofauna i.e. Ladakhi Rock Skink (Asymblepharus ladacensis) and Kashmir Rock Agama
(Laudakia tuberculata) were sighted during the survey. The information was collected from
secondary sources to find out occurrence of reptiles of Kashmir Himalayas from the locals &
from the literature (Biodiversity of the Kashmir Himalayas by GH, Dar et al. 2002) and from
recent studies by ZSI (2011). During priamary survey, no such species was encountered except
the rock agama and skinks. Similarly, presence of pit vipor is also supported from the
research evidence, which shows presence of Himalayan Pit Viper upto Ladakh Himalayas 4800
masl. The occurrences of common species of reptiles are enlisted in Table-8.26.
Table 8.26 : List of Reptiles in the study area Common Name Zoological name Lizards Common Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Skinks or Ladakhi Rock Skink Lygosoma himalayana or Asymblepharus ladacensis Snakes Himalayan pit viper Agkistrodon himalayanus Mountain keel back Amphiesoma platycips Himalayan trinket snake Elaphe hodgsoni Rat snake Ptyes mucosus *Based on secondary data
8.7.4 Butterflies
During the survey, a total of 17 species of insects were sighted in the study period. Some of
the butterflies like Small copper (Lycaena phlaeas), Satyr (Aulocera sps.), Indian tortoise shell
(Aglais cachmirensis), Indian cabbage white (Pieris canidia indica) and Clouded yellow (Colias
sp.) were common and found throughout the study area. On the basis of their sighting the
species are divided into common, uncommon and occasional categories. The list of butterflies
recorded from the study area is given at Table-8.27. The alpine zone Himalayas are typical
habitat for Appollo butterflies. During present investigation total 16 species are observed
where presence of Palearctic species (S.No.11-16) and remaining Oriental species are viewed
from the ZSI report and remaining were sighted in the field.
Table 8.27: Insects found in the Project Area S.No. Common name Scientific name Family Abundance 1 Cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae Pieridae Common 2 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Pieridae Uncommon 3 Common Satyr Aulocera swaha swaha Nymphalidae Common 4 Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia indica Pieridae Common
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-47
S.No. Common name Scientific name Family Abundance 5 Indian Tortoiseshell Aglais cachmirensis Nymphalidae Very Common 6 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas Lycaenidae Fairly Common 7 Clouded Yellow Colias fieldii Pieridae Uncommon 8 Indian Red Admiral Vanessa indica Nymphalidae common 9 Painted Lady Vanessa cardui Nymphalidae common 10 The Tailed Cupid Everes huegelii Lycaenidae Common 11 Walnut Blue Chaetoprocta odata Lycaenidae Common 12 Pearl white Euchloe daphalis Pieridae Common 13 Violet Meadow Blue Polyommatus icarus* Lycaenidae Common 14 Common meadow blue Polyommatus eros* Lycaenidae Common 15 Silvery Meadow Blue Polyommatus florenciae* Lycaenidae Common 16 Mountain Apollos Parnassius spp**. Papilionidae Common 17 Large green underwing Albulina galathea* Lycaenidae Common *Ref ZSI 2011 ** Apollo alpine meadows (Threatened Category IUCN)
8.7.5 Protected Areas and Corridors for wild animals
There is no Wildlife sanctuary, National park or Biosphere Reserve present within the study
area. The project area does not come under any wildlife corridor. The pattern of occurrences
of fauna much above the project activity area reflects that no direct impacts are anticipated
on the occurrence and distribution of faunal diversity.
8.8 AQUATIC ECOLOGY
8.8.1 Methodology
The nallah /stream morphology is determined to ascertain the type of habitats, substratum
and covers (aquatic vegetation, substratum, large woody debris, Particulate as clay, silt,
sand, gravel, pebble, cobble, boulder, bedrock etc.), bank conditions, flow pattern, and type
of valleys following flood prone area and riparian covers etc has been assessed based on the
criteria described by Rosgen (1996) and habitat inventory described by Armontrout (1998),
Myers and Swanson (1992) and Rosgen (1996). Stream order classification was based on
headwaters are called first order streams. Stream formed by union of two such streams are
designated second order and whenever two streams of a particular order join they form next
order and so on. Habitat structures were observed in the nallah/stream stretches from down
stream to upstream at a fixed point including longitudinal survey of weir site, power house
site and influence zones of the hydroelectric project with onsite visual estimation.
Plankton samples were collected using a tericot ring net of a 20 µm net to make. For
enumeration of phytoplankton population, 100 ml composite water samples were collected
from the river surface up to 60 cm depth and were filtered through a 20 µm net to make 1 ml
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-48
of bulk sample. The bulk samples so collected were preserved in 2% formalin solution and
were brought to the laboratory for analysis. Ten replicate water samples each of 15 ml were
made out of the preserved 1 ml bulk sample and were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10
minutes. After centrifuging, the volume of aliquot concentrate was measured. 0.1 ml of
aliquot concentrate was used for enumeration of phytoplankton population in each replicate.
A plankton chamber of 0.1 ml capacity was used for counting of plankton under a light
microscope. Periphyton-Epilithic phytobenthos were obtained by scrapping the surface of
rocks and boulders (4 x 4 cm2) with the help of a hard brush and preserved in 3% formalin
solution for further analyses.
For the quantification of zooplankton and phytoplankton 100 liters of water for each
community was filtered at each site by using plankton net made up of fine silk cloth (mesh
size 25 µm). The filtrate collect
solution, while a part of the unpreserved samples for the study of zooplankton was brought to
the laboratory.
Benthic macro-invertebrates were collected from the pebbles, cobbles and gravels form the
surface collected up to 15 cm sediment depth at different elevations with the help of sieve of
a mesh size of 100 µm.
All collected specimens organisms of planktons, periphytons, benthoses etc were preserved
in 3 % formalin solution or 70 % alcohol and were identified by using keys formulated by
different workers such as Pennak (1953), Edmondson (1959), Ward and Whipple (1959),
Needham and Needham (1962), Trivedy and Goel (1984), Sarod and Kamat (1984), Hustedt
and Jensen (1985), Battish (1992), Edington and Holdren (1995) and APHA (1992, 1998). The
density of the plankton and benthic samples was estimated by using drop count method
(Bhatt et al., 2005) and standards methods of APHA (1992, 1998).
The total number of planktons present in a litre of water sample was calculated using the
following formula:
N = (n x v x 100)/ V
Where, N= Number of plankton per litre
n = average number of plankton cells in 0.1 ml of aliquot concentrate
v = volume of plankton concentrate (aliquot)
V= volume of water from bulk sample centrifuged
taking the density values of each species into consideration.
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-49
Shannon index of general diversity (H): - Pi log Pi
Blepharoceridae and Amphizoidae families (Table-8.34). Among them Ephemeropterans are
observed as the dominant group which is followed by Placopteran and dipterans. Species of
genera Stenonema, Epeorus, Baetis, Ephemeralla, Rhycophila and Chironimds are observed in
the region. The distribution and occurrence is directly related to the habitat structure and
substratum of Chanju Nallah and its tributaries. The poor occurrence of benthos during study
period could be due to low water temperature, high turbidity, torrent flow and rocky
substratum in stream/nallah and its tributaries. Species diversity index of Zoobenthos is given
in Table-8.35.
HPP
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Ta
ble-
8.28
: P
hyto
plan
kton
com
mun
ity
at v
ario
us s
ites
in t
he s
tudy
are
a of
Deo
thal
/Cha
nju
Nal
lah
for
Chan
ju
III H
EP
Phyt
opla
nkto
n Ta
xon
%
dist
ribu
tion
(c
ells
/l o
r sq
cm
)
Site
-1
Site
-2
Site
-3
Site
-4
Site
-5
Site
-6
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
Blue
Gre
en A
lgae
Cya
noph
ycea
e Ph
orm
idiu
m
autu
mna
le
2.1
2.3
3.4
1.5
1.5
4.2
2.1
1.4
2.5
2.6
1.6
1.8
1.5
1.1
2.4
3.1
2.5
1.7
Osc
illa
tori
a li
mno
sa
2.5
1.9
1.7
0.0
0.0
1.3
2.3
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.1
0.0
0.0
1.7
1.8
1.6
Osc
illa
tori
a ti
nues
1.
6 1.
5 1.
8 2.
1 2.
3 1.
1 3.
4 1.
8 1.
9 1.
5 1.
4 1.
2 2.
5 1.
3 1.
3 1.
6 1.
2 0.
0 Sc
hizo
thri
x
fasc
icul
ata
1.1
0.0
1.4
2.5
1.2
1.3
2.6
1.5
2.6
0.0
1.1
2.7
1.2
0.0
2.4
2.1
1.2
1.8
Gre
en A
lgae
-Cho
lorp
hyce
ae
Chl
orel
la v
ulga
ris
1.5
1.2
1.6
0.0
1.2
0.0
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.3
0.0
1.2
3.1
2.1
3.6
2.5
1.6
3.2
Scen
edes
mus
el
lipt
icus
2.
5 1.
8 1.
4 4.
2 3.
1 3.
5 3.
4 2.
6 1.
4 1.
2 1.
5 4.
2 1.
2 0.
0 1.
5 1.
1 1.
4 1.
4
Zygn
ema
hi
mal
ayen
se
3.2
2.4
2.6
5.3
4.2
3.5
7.1
2.3
3.5
1.5
1.5
0.0
2.3
2.5
2.7
1.4
1.1
1.8
Spir
ogyr
a po
rtic
alis
2.
4 2.
3 2.
8 5.
2 4.
2 5.
4 3.
4 2.
8 2.
9 1.
6 1.
1 2.
3 1.
3 1.
0 0.
0 1.
7 2.
3 2.
3 C
lado
phor
a gl
omer
ata
2.5
2.1
3.1
2.7
1.4
1.1
4.2
2.3
3.3
3.5
2.4
2.4
1.5
1.6
1.5
2.5
1.5
1.4
Dia
tom
s-Ba
cilla
riop
hyce
ae
Coc
cone
is
plac
entu
la
0.0
0.0
1.4
1.5
2.3
1.6
4.6
2.4
3.6
3.6
1.6
2.4
1.9
1.3
2.7
1.4
1.2
3.5
Ach
nant
hes
line
aris
2.
5 1.
4 3.
7 1.
5 1.
7 5.
3 0.
0 0.
0 3.
7 3.
2 2.
3 6.
5 2.
4 2.
1 2.
7 1.
7 1.
4 3.
5 A
chna
nthi
dium
ex
ilis
1.
2 0.
0 1.
7 2.
4 2.
1 1.
5 1.
1 0.
0 1.
4 0.
0 1.
5 0.
0 1.
5 1.
3 3.
4 1.
4 0.
0 2.
7
Flag
ella
ria
sp
3.7
2.4
2.4
1.1
0.0
1.5
2.5
2.4
3.8
3.7
2.1
2.1
5.1
3.5
2.4
3.7
2.7
2.3
Cym
bell
a af
fini
s 4.
2 3.
2 1.
5 7.
5 5.
2 3.
5 5.
4 3.
8 1.
4 7.
2 5.
2 2.
4 3.
5 3.
2 3.
5 6.
4 3.
5 1.
4 Fl
agel
lari
a in
flat
a 5.
2 2.
5 3.
5 2.
5 1.
5 4.
2 1.
5 1.
2 2.
1 2.
8 1.
7 1.
2 4.
3 2.
6 1.
5 1.
7 1.
2 2.
5 A
chna
nthi
dium
m
inut
issi
ma
3.5
2.7
2.7
4.5
3.5
2.3
4.3
3.2
1.8
3.5
2.4
1.7
2.3
1.5
1.9
0.0
0.0
1.2
Cym
bell
a ve
ntri
cosa
1.
2 1.
2 0.
0 4.
2 2.
8 4.
3 3.
5 2.
1 3.
5 4.
2 3.
2 4.
2 9.
2 6.
2 4.
5 8.
2 5.
3 5.
1 A
mph
ora
oval
is
2.5
1.5
1.8
3.3
2.7
3.5
2.4
3.5
4.2
3.4
2.5
3.6
2.4
1.6
2.5
2.4
1.4
2.5
Flag
ella
ria
pinn
ata
1.2
1.4
1.7
2.5
2.3
3.4
2.4
1.5
3.5
4.2
3.4
4.2
2.8
2.5
2.4
1.4
2.6
2.4
HPP
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Ph
ytop
lank
ton
Taxo
n %
di
stri
buti
on
(cel
ls/l
or
sq c
m)
Site
-1
Site
-2
Site
-3
Site
-4
Site
-5
Site
-6
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
Gom
phon
eis
herc
ulea
na
2.5
2.4
1.2
3.5
2.5
1.7
2.5
1.3
1.2
3.8
2.7
2.4
2.8
1.7
1.5
5.8
4.2
3.5
Gom
phon
ema
parv
ulum
1.
2 2.
3 3.
6 0.
0 1.
2 3.
5 4.
1 1.
7 2.
7 1.
8 1.
1 3.
4 1.
7 1.
2 1.
6 1.
6 0.
0 4.
2
Gom
phon
ema
oliv
aceo
ides
2.
1 3.
2 2.
4 1.
6 1.
4 1.
7 4.
8 3.
2 4.
3 7.
3 4.
5 4.
5 1.
6 3.
5 1.
8 4.
2 3.
2 4.
3
Frag
ilar
ia a
lpes
tris
2.
4 1.
5 2.
8 1.
2 1.
3 1.
8 0.
0 0.
0 2.
5 1.
9 1.
1 2.
1 2.
1 1.
5 2.
5 1.
5 1.
5 1.
2 G
omph
onem
a in
tric
atum
1.
5 1.
4 0.
0 1.
5 1.
6 1.
4 3.
2 2.
7 3.
5 4.
2 5.
2 3.
5 0.
0 1.
3 0.
0 1.
3 2.
4 3.
4
Nav
icul
a di
ceph
ala
1.4
1.2
1.8
2.4
2.3
3.6
3.2
2.4
4.1
0.0
1.3
1.4
1.2
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
2.3
Han
naea
arc
us
2.3
1.5
6.2
3.4
2.3
3.7
5.3
4.3
3.5
4.5
3.2
3.4
3.4
2.2
3.4
3.2
1.6
1.4
Syne
dra
med
ioco
ntra
cta
3.2
1.5
3.4
4.5
3.2
5.2
4.5
2.7
4.3
6.5
6.3
4.3
4.3
2.1
3.4
3.5
1.4
3.4
Reim
eria
sin
uata
5.
6 3.
2 5.
3 6.
1 4.
3 2.
4 4.
3 3.
2 4.
3 5.
7 2.
5 2.
8 11
.3
7.2
5.3
12.
4 6.
3 3.
7
Nav
icul
a ra
dios
a 6.
8 4.
1 3.
5 5.
8 2.
5 1.
3 3.
4 1.
5 2.
1 6.
2 3.
5 4.
6 8.
4 3.
4 2.
5 3.
5 2.
5 1.
7 Sy
nedr
a ul
na
3.9
4.3
2.4
7.2
2.5
1.6
4.3
3.3
3.6
5.2
2.5
4.3
7.3
5.3
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.9
Not
e-S=
Sum
mer
, M
=Mon
soon
, W
=Win
ter
Tabl
e-8.
29:
Phyt
opla
nkto
n Sp
ecie
s D
iver
sity
Inde
x, S
peci
es R
ichn
ess
and
Den
sity
in t
he S
tudy
Are
a of
Cha
nju-
III H
EP
Inde
x: /
Phy
topl
ankt
on
St
udy
site
s I
II III
IV
V
VI
Sum
mer
Sea
son
Shan
non
H'
1.46
1.
57
1.35
1.
58
1.51
1.
46
Shan
non
Hm
ax
1.52
1.
63
1.43
1.
63
1.55
1.
54
Shan
non
J'
0.98
0.
98
0.97
0.
98
0.96
0.
96
Mon
nsoo
n Se
ason
Sh
anno
n H
' 1.
29
1.23
1.
13
1.30
1.
25
1.26
Sh
anno
n H
max
1.
37
1.31
1.
21
1.34
1.
31
1.33
Sh
anno
n J'
0.
97
0.96
0.
96
0.96
0.
98
0.98
W
inte
r Se
ason
HPP
CL
E
IA R
epor
t fo
r C
hanj
u-III
HEP
, Ch
amba
, H
P W
APCO
S Li
mit
ed
8-53
In
dex:
/ P
hyto
plan
kton
Stud
y si
tes
I II
III
IV
V VI
Sh
anno
n H
' 1.
42
1.38
1.
37
1.41
1.
38
1.44
Sh
anno
n H
max
1.
46
1.42
1.
46
1.47
1.
42
1.47
Sh
anno
n J'
0.
96
0.98
0.
95
0.98
0.
99
0.96
Ta
ble-
8.30
: Be
nthi
c di
atom
(Pe
riph
yton
) co
mm
unit
y in
tri
buta
ries
of
Deo
thal
/Ch
anju
Nal
lah
in t
he S
tudy
Are
a of
Ch
anju
-III
HEP
Be
nthi
c di
atom
s /
Peri
phyt
ons
Site
-1
Site
-2
Site
-3
Site
-4
Site
-5
Site
-6
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
Ach
nant
hes
affi
nis
11.2
8.
3 9.
2 3.
2 4.
3 2.
7 5.
5 2.
5 1.
4 11
.8
9.3
3.4
3.4
1.5
3.7
4.8
3.5
4.2
Flag
ella
ria
vauc
hera
e 1.
3 2.
3 3.
6 3.
4 1.
8 1.
2 1.
2 0.
0 1.
6 5.
2 3.
5 5.
3 4.
2 2.
4 2.
6 0.
0 1.
2 12
.8
Cym
bell
a af
fini
s 5.
8 2.
5 4.
2 2.
3 3.
4 4.
2 0.
0 1.
4 2.
6 3.
5 2.
4 4.
2 12
.4
8.2
3.7
8.3
3.5
9.3
Gom
phon
ema
parv
ulum
1.
5 1.
3 1.
8 1.
8 1.
1 0.
0 1.
1 0.
0 1.
4 2.
3 2.
7 2.
4 1.
4 3.
2 2.
5 4.
2 5.
3 6.
2
Ach
nant
hidi
um
Hau
ckia
na
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.4
2.1
3.4
2.8
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.6
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.5
2.4
3.7
Gom
phon
ema
intr
icat
um
3.1
2.4
1.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.1
1.4
2.3
1.1
1.4
1.1
2.6
2.3
4.7
6.2
6.2
0.0
Ach
nant
hidi
um
mic
roce
phal
a 7.
2 2.
5 1.
5 3.
4 2.
3 3.
5 6.
3 3.
5 2.
6 5.
1 3.
5 2.
6 0.
0 1.
5 3.
4 2.
2 3.
5 7.
9
Ach
nant
hidi
um
exil
is
2.3
1.5
5.2
3.5
2.4
11.6
3.
2 3.
2 7.
3 2.
4 1.
5 8.
3 3.
6 2.
4 15
.6
3.2
1.5
6.4
Dia
tom
a hi
emal
e 11
.2
7.3
2.7
13.5
10
.5
2.3
6.8
8.3
3.4
14.3
9.
4 7.
3 12
.4
11.8
6.
3 9.
3 6.
5 6.
4
Reim
eria
si
nuat
a 2.
3 2.
3 5.
2 4.
2 3.
2 3.
4 6.
2 4.
5 1.
8 11
.3
6.3
2.4
20.1
7.
6 2.
8 16
.2
8.3
3.4
Gom
phon
ema
oliv
aceo
ides
10
.5
8.2
8.3
29.3
18
.9
15.2
13
.5
14.8
17
.6
12.1
17
.3
14.3
21
.6
28.3
23
.7
12.7
11
.2
9.3
Gom
phon
eis
3.5
2.5
3.4
6.3
3.4
5.3
2.8
2.6
8.3
6.3
2.3
4.3
11.2
7.
3 10
.3
8.3
6.5
3.4
HPP
CL
E
IA R
epor
t fo
r C
hanj
u-III
HEP
, Ch
amba
, H
P W
APCO
S Li
mit
ed
8-54
Be
nthi
c di
atom
s /
Peri
phyt
ons
Site
-1
Site
-2
Site
-3
Site
-4
Site
-5
Site
-6
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
herc
ulea
na
Flag
ella
ria
spp
3.2
3.5
2.4
3.4
2.7
4.7
5.6
5.3
3.5
4.3
2.6
3.4
2.5
6.5
7.2
3.6
3.4
4.5
Not
e-S=
Sum
mer
, M
=Mon
soon
, W
=Win
ter
Tabl
e-8.
31:
Bent
hic
diat
om (
Peri
phyt
on)
Spec
ies
Div
ersi
ty In
dex,
Spe
cies
Ric
hnes
s an
d D
ensi
ty in
the
Stu
dy A
rea
o
f Ch
anju
-III
HEP
In
dex:
/ P
hyto
plan
kton
Stud
y si
tes
I II
III
IV
V VI
Su
mm
er S
easo
n Sh
anno
n H
' 1.
26
1.41
1.
28
1.10
1.
35
1.17
Sh
anno
n H
max
1.
31
1.33
1.
37
1.16
1.
40
1.22
Sh
anno
n J'
0.
96
0.97
0.
98
0.95
0.
96
0.98
M
onns
oon
Seas
on
Shan
non
H'
1.15
1.
27
1.02
1.
13
1.05
1.
14
Shan
non
Hm
ax
1.21
1.
36
1.09
1.
18
1.10
1.
20
Shan
non
J'
0.97
0.
96
0.98
0.
95
0.97
0.
96
Win
ter
Seas
on
Shan
non
H'
1.24
1.
31
1.14
1.
24
1.09
1.
20
Shan
non
Hm
ax
1.29
1.
35
1.17
1.
32
1.16
1.
25
Shan
non
J'
0.98
0.
96
0.97
0.
98
0.96
0.
95
Tabl
e-8.
32:
Com
mun
ity
com
posi
tion
of
Zoop
lank
tons
in D
eoth
al/C
hanj
u N
alla
h in
the
Stu
dy A
rea
for
Chan
ju-I
II H
EP
Zoop
lank
tons
%
dist
ribu
tion
(C
ells
/L)
Site
-1
Site
-2
Site
-3
Site
-4
Site
-5
Site
-6
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
Prot
ozoa
n
Ar
cella
cre
nula
ta
5.4
4.3
1.
5 1.
2
5.6
3.8
9.
3 6.
2
15.6
11
.2
14
.3
8.6
C
erat
ium
fur
ca
1.5
2.5
1.
2 0.
0
3.2
3.2
3.
7 1.
2
2.1
2.8
2.
8 1.
6
Peri
dini
um
cinc
tum
8.
2 1.
5
2.3
2.5
7.
2 4.
3
6.2
5.4
8.
3 5.
3
14.3
7.
6
Roti
fers
HPP
CL
E
IA R
epor
t fo
r C
hanj
u-III
HEP
, Ch
amba
, H
P W
APCO
S Li
mit
ed
8-55
Zo
opla
nkto
ns
%di
stri
buti
on
(Cel
ls/L
)
Site
-1
Site
-2
Site
-3
Site
-4
Site
-5
Site
-6
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
Poly
arth
ra v
ulga
ris
3.5
2.6
3.7
2.1
6.3
5.7
4.3
2.4
3.8
7.3
3.2
7.2
8.3
2.5
5.6
3.5
3.3
2.1
Philo
dena
ros
eola
3.
4 2.
1 3.
2 1.
2 1.
1 1.
5 3.
5 2.
3 2.
4 8.
3 2.
3 3.
5 10
.5
6.2
8.1
9.6
3.2
8.6
Brac
hion
us b
iden
ta
3.5
2.5
3.2
3.1
5.3
3.5
1.5
5.6
4.5
6.2
3.4
4.5
2.4
2.4
3.5
3.5
4.3
5.4
Aspl
anch
na
prio
dont
a 3.
1 3.
5 5.
2 27
.3
24.6
23
.1
6.2
2.5
3.5
4.8
2.6
2.7
6.5
5.3
4.3
7.2
3.1
4.6
Kera
tella
qua
drat
a 2.
3 1.
5 2.
4 3.
5 3.
2 3.
5 4.
5 2.
4 4.
3 7.
5 3.
5 3.
4 2.
8 3.
4 2.
1 6.
3 3.
5 6.
4 Tr
icho
cerc
a lo
ngis
eta
8.3
5.6
3.3
24.3
4.
6 2.
4 3.
2 3.
5 4.
2 3.
5 4.
5 3.
4 14
.2
3.5
3.9
9.3
8.3
4.9
Clad
ocer
an
Dap
hnia
pul
ax
2.5
3.5
5.3
5.3
4.3
3.5
2.5
1.5
3.7
10.7
5.
6 7.
2 5.
6 8.
3 3.
6 4.
8 6.
2 7.
3 Bo
smin
a lo
ngir
ostr
is
0.0
0.0
3.4
23.1
3.
5 2.
7 18
.2
2.5
8.5
8.6
8.3
4.3
15.2
12
.8
18.3
6.
2 5.
4 9.
5 Co
pepo
ds
Cyc
lops
gl
acia
lis
5.3
2.4
4.2
6.2
3.5
2.1
1.5
2.5
3.7
3.5
3.4
7.2
1.8
2.7
1.5
3.5
1.9
3.5
Cyc
lops
scu
tife
r 11
.2
8.3
7.2
13.4
12
.6
10.5
6.
5 4.
3 6.
4 10
.3
8.4
3.5
3.5
2.5
3.8
1.8
1.2
1.4
Not
e-S=
Sum
mer
, M
=Mon
soon
, W
=Win
ter
Tabl
e-8.
33:
Zoop
lank
ton
Spec
ies
Div
ersi
ty In
dex,
Spe
cies
Ric
hnes
s an
d D
ensi
ty in
the
Stu
dy A
rea
of C
hanj
u-III
HEP
In
dex:
/ P
hyto
plan
kton
Stud
y si
tes
I II
III
IV
V VI
Su
mm
er S
easo
n Sh
anno
n H
' 1.
13
1.21
1.
26
1.13
1.
04
1.16
Sh
anno
n H
max
1.
17
1.26
1.
28
1.15
1.
10
1.19
Sh
anno
n J'
0.
98
0.95
0.
97
0.96
0.
98
0.96
M
onns
oon
Seas
on
Shan
non
H'
1.05
0.
99
0.82
0.
75
0.92
0.
98
Shan
non
Hm
ax
1.09
1.
07
0.99
0.
87
0.96
1.
06
Shan
non
J'
0.96
0.
99
0.96
0.
99
0.98
0.
96
Win
ter
Seas
on
Shan
non
H'
1.17
1.
01
0.98
1.
09
1.07
1.
09
Shan
non
Hm
ax
1.23
1.
11
1.05
1.
13
1.12
1.
15
Shan
non
J'
0.97
0.
98
0.98
0.
96
0.97
0.
97
HPP
CL
E
IA R
epor
t fo
r C
hanj
u-III
HEP
, Ch
amba
, H
P W
APCO
S Li
mit
ed
8-56
Ta
ble-
8.34
: M
acro
-inv
erte
brat
e (Z
oo b
enth
os)
spec
ies
com
posi
tion
in &
aro
und
the
Cha
nju-
III P
roje
ct
Inve
rteb
rate
s Ta
xon
%
dist
ribu
tion
(i
nd./
m2 )
Site
-1
Site
-2
Site
-3
Site
-4
Site
-5
Site
-6
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
Hep
tage
niid
ae
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Am
elet
us p
rim
itiu
s 10
.3
8.3
9.3
8.2
6.4
7.2
3.2
2.1
1.4
1.5
1.1
1.6
4.3
2.4
3.5
2.6
2.3
0.0
Hyd
rops
ychi
dae
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Rhya
coph
ila
fusc
ula
1.5
1.4
1.8
2.5
1.7
1.6
3.1
2.5
3.5
0.0
0.0
1.5
2.8
1.3
1.9
6.4
4.6
4.3
Blep
haro
ceri
dae
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Bibi
ocep
hall
e sp
5.
3 5.
2 4.
3 3.
5 2.
3 3.
5 7.
2 5.
6 4.
5 3.
2 3.
5 4.
5 2.
4 1.
8 3.
5 2.
6 1.
8 2.
7 El
mid
ae
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Nar
pus
sp
larv
ae
1.8
1.1
1.5
2.9
2.5
3.5
8.2
5.2
5.3
5.6
3.3
2.5
2.5
2.4
3.4
3.8
2.4
3.4
Dip
tera
-Si
mul
idae
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 Si
mul
ium
pic
tipu
s 10
.5
8.3
8.3
18.2
15
.3
18.2
8.
3 7.
3 10
.2
2.5
2.4
3.2
4.9
3.5
1.2
7.6
4.5
2.7
Ath
eric
idae
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 A
ther
ix s
p (S
nipe
fly
la
rvae
) 1.
6 1.
5 1.
1 2.
1 1.
8 1.
2 1.
2 0.
0 1.
4 3.
2 2.
4 3.
2 5.
6 3.
5 2.
5 3.
5 2.
4 1.
3
Ephe
mer
ellid
ae
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Ephe
mer
alla
maj
or
2.5
1.3
1.8
4.6
2.8
2.3
3.5
3.5
2.5
4.2
2.4
3.5
4.8
4.3
3.4
5.6
4.5
3.5
Sten
onem
a
trip
unct
atum
2.
3 1.
5 2.
4 5.
3 2.
6 3.
2 3.
5 2.
4 4.
2 7.
2 3.
4 3.
5 1.
3 1.
0 2.
5 4.
2 2.
5 3.
5
Perl
idae
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 El
mid
sp
larv
ae
1.8
1.7
1.5
3.2
2.3
2.5
1.2
1.7
2.6
4.2
3.7
3.5
4.5
2.5
3.4
5.6
1.6
2.4
Am
phiz
oida
e (t
rout
be
etel
) 3.
5 2.
6 3.
2 2.
5 2.
3 2.
8 7.
2 6.
2 4.
3 3.
5 2.
5 1.
4 3.
5 2.
6 0.
0 3.
8 2.
4 1.
2
Am
phiz
oa s
p.
2.8
1.5
2.1
6.3
4.5
2.3
6.5
5.3
4.3
4.8
4.1
3.4
2.8
3.5
4.3
7.1
6.2
4.2
Epeo
rus
lauh
alen
sis
3.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
4.2
2.3
2.8
3.5
5.3
4.6
4.8
2.1
2.4
3.7
3.4
3.2
2.6
Baet
idae
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 B
aeti
s ch
andr
a 1.
1 1.
5 1.
7 2.
5 1.
4 1.
6 4.
3 2.
3 1.
7 7.
6 4.
3 2.
5 5.
3 4.
3 3.
4 1.
3 2.
4 4.
3 Ba
etis
him
alay
ana
3.5
3.1
3.2
4.2
3.2
3.2
7.1
5.3
3.5
5.3
3.5
1.5
4.3
3.4
2.4
5.6
3.5
2.4
Isop
erla
mon
tana
2.
4 2.
4 2.
5 3.
5 2.
6 3.
5 4.
5 5.
3 3.
7 8.
3 7.
6 4.
3 1.
3 1.
1 2.
4 4.
5 3.
2 2.
5 Pe
rla
mar
gina
ta
3.4
2.4
3.2
2.8
2.5
2.3
6.2
3.5
3.5
3.4
2.4
3.4
3.5
3.2
3.4
2.3
1.5
4.3
Cho
loro
perl
ator
rent
ium
16
.2
1.5
2.4
1.2
1.5
1.7
5.2
2.3
2.5
3.5
3.1
2.6
4.3
2.4
2.1
3.1
2.4
1.3
Hyd
ropt
ilida
e 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 O
chro
tric
hia
susa
nae
5.2
3.4
1.8
7.2
3.5
2.7
8.3
4.3
3.2
10.6
8.
3 7.
1 6.
2 6.
5 9.
2 7.
2 3.
4 5.
8
HPP
CL
E
IA R
epor
t fo
r C
hanj
u-III
HEP
, Ch
amba
, H
P W
APCO
S Li
mit
ed
8-57
In
vert
ebra
tes
Taxo
n %
di
stri
buti
on
(ind
./m
2 )
Site
-1
Site
-2
Site
-3
Site
-4
Site
-5
Site
-6
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
S M
W
S
M
W
Chir
onom
idae
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 C
hiro
nem
ous
sp
3.5
2.4
2.7
5.3
7.1
2.7
3.5
2.5
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.7
3.6
3.4
2.8
6.2
5.3
3.4
Not
e-S=
Sum
mer
, M
=Mon
soon
, W
=Win
ter
Tabl
e-8.
35:
Mac
ro-i
nver
tebr
ate
(Zoo
ben
thos
) Sp
ecie
s D
iver
sity
Inde
x, S
peci
es R
ichn
ess
and
Den
sity
in t
he S
tudy
Are
a of
Ch
anji
-III
HEP
In
dex:
/ P
hyto
plan
kton
Stud
y si
tes
I II
III
IV
V VI
Su
mm
er S
easo
n Sh
anno
n H
' 1.
41
1.36
1.
37
1.40
1.
38
1.40
Sh
anno
n H
max
1.
45
1.41
1.
42
1.44
1.
46
1.37
Sh
anno
n J'
0.
96
0.95
0.
96
0.98
0.
98
0.96
M
onns
oon
Seas
on
Shan
non
H'
1.19
1.
10
1.02
0.
89
1.02
1.
09
Shan
non
Hm
ax
1.24
1.
17
1.08
0.
92
1.12
1.
15
Shan
non
J'
0.98
0.
96
0.97
0.
96
0.95
0.
98
Win
ter
Seas
on
Shan
non
H'
1.23
1.
38
1.21
1.
28
1.27
1.
23
Shan
non
Hm
ax
1.27
1.
43
1.26
1.
34
1.34
1.
25
Shan
non
J'
0.98
0.
96
0.98
0.
97
0.96
0.
98
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-58
8.8.6 Quantitative Analysis
The density of Biotic Communties (Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Periphuton macro-
invertebrates) recorded from study area in various seasons is depicted in Tables-8.36 to 8.38.
The poor occurrence of taxa in nalla/stream could be attributed to the habitat structure and
torrent flow with sedimentation load. The higher number of taxa in nalla/stream can be
attributed to the lower turbidity.
Table-8.36: Density of different biotic communities in the Study Area in summer season Biotic Communties Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Invertebrates Taxon (ind./m2) 206 87 887 1621 243 951 Periphytons (Cells/cm 2) 79 59 232 361 48 347 Phytoplankton Taxon (cells/l ) 139 131 346 382 151 353 Zooplanktons (Cells/L) 21 30 125 101 35 129 Table-8.37: Density of different biotic communities in the Study Area in monsoon season Biotic Communties Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Invertebrates Taxon (ind./m2) 198 82 876 1536 235 941 Periphytons (Cells/cm 2) 73 54 227 352 45 337 Phytoplankton Taxon (cells/l ) 132 126 330 366 143 344 Zooplanktons (Cells/L) 15 26 117 95 28 124
Table-8.38: Density of different biotic communities in the Study Area in winter season Biotic Communties Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Invertebrates Taxon (ind./m2) 178 96 735 1553 385 1023 Periphytons (Cells/cm 2) 72 41 229 340 56 325 Phytoplankton Taxon (cells/l ) 118 123 324 353 127 347 Zooplanktons (Cells/L) 12 35 114 75 42 131
8.8.7 Fisheries
During the field study of Chanju-III HE project, no endemic fish species were observed in the
Chanju Nallah and its tributaries. However during study period, presence of exotic Rainbow
Trout and Brown Trout species have been observed in the downstream and upstream stretches
of Chanju and Mahed Nallahs. That may be attributed to the favourable water temperature
and dissolved oxygen during different season. It has been inferred from the field survey that
temperature has become a limiting factor /deciding factor for aquatic life and endemic
fishes.
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-59
The major inhibition factor is low temperature and cascade habitat of flowing water. Other
-10% slope) with rocky
substratum, and habitat like rapids and cascades were also found governing factors for
occurrence of exotic fish species and other aquatic fauna.
View of Power House Site of Chanju-III HEP
Trench Weir Site of Chanju-III HEP
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-60
Downstream of Mahed Nallah
CHAPTER-9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-1
CHAPTER 9
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
9.1 GENERAL
The aim of the socio-economic study is to assess the overall impact on various facets of
socio-economic environment due to establishment of the project in the Study Area
Villages. The present chapter outlines baseline socio-economic scenario of the study area
villages. The study area (10 km radius around the proposed project area) is spread over in
sub-districts Chamba and Chaurah of Chamba district. The following sections outline the
socio-economic profile of the Study Area Villages. As per the records of Census of India
2011 Primary Census Abstract.
9.2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
9.2.1 Population
As mentioned the proposed project is located in the District Chamba. The study area or
the Project Influence Area comprises of about 38 villages in sub-district Chamba and
Chaurah. The total population in the study area villages is of the order of 2986 persons as
per Census of India 2011. The distribution of population and demographic profile in the
study area villages is outlined in Table 9.1 and depicted in Figure-9.1.
Table-9.1: Demographic profile in the Study Area Villages
Figure-9.4: Occupational profile in the Study Area Villages
9.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
Most often, development projects are planned based on the availability of exploitable
natural resources. This attracts flow of finances, investments, jobs and other livelihood
opportunities, which brings in people from different cultural and social background. Such
planned activities not only provide impetus to the local economy but also bring about a
multi-dimensional economic, social and cultural change. Most often it has been observed
that such development projects are commissioned in economically and socially backward
areas, which are inhabited by some of the indigenous populations. Commissioning of
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers
Subdistrict Chamba
Subdistrict Chaurah
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-9
development project invariably brings about a number of desired and undesired impacts
along with it. The baseline setting for socio-economic aspects are outlined in the present
portion.
9.4 LAND REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROJECT
The land required for various project appurtenances. The appurtenance wise land
requirement for the project is already outlined in Table-9.5. The entire land to be
acquired for the project is considered as forest land. On certain portions of land,
community/private settlements are private/community properties. For such categories of
land, compensation on account of forest land acquisition will be paid.
The land details of the Chanju III H.E.P is given in Table-9.5. The private land to be
acquired for the project is 1.870 ha. Whereas there is additional land of 0.2366 ha is being
acquired for the project colony.
Table-9.5: Land requirement for Chanju III hydroelectric project
S. No Project Component/ Activity Area (ha) 1 Forest land Surface 23.790 2 Forest Land under ground 4.704 3 Private Land Surface 1.870 Total 30.364 Source: HPPCL
9.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PROJECT AFFECTED FAMILIES
9.5.1 Methodology Adopted for Socioeconomic Survey
The information required to assess the socio-economic profile and property enumeration for
preparation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Master Plan was collected with the help of a
detailed quantitative socio-economic survey of the Project Affected Families (PAFs) in the
affected villages.
The information on the following socio-economic parameters was collected:
Demographic profile Educational levels Occupational Profile Land holding pattern Assets owned Livestock and other socio-economic parameters etc.
Before the start of socio economic actual survey work, base-line information was collected
from secondary sources. These included record of existing documents, reports and other
publications relevant to the project.
A household level survey schedule was devised, which was formulated to capture the overall
socio-economic status of the PAFs, material assets owned by them. The survey schedule was
formulated to be a series of prompts, rather than a structured questionnaire, to allow the
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-10
investigators to phrase queries according to the circumstance during interpersonal
interviews with PAFs. This survey schedule was pre-tested in the field, and was finalized
after necessary modifications, to make it more project and area specific.
For the purpose of primary data collection, a survey team comprising of local investigators
was put-together from amongst the affected communities. Members of the survey team
(investigators/ surveyors) were local educated youths. The survey team traversed the entire
project area, including submergence area, dam alignment and site of other project
appurtenances in each of the project affected villages. The survey team visited all the
villages in which land is proposed to be acquired. The survey team coordinator scrutinized
the filled-in survey schedules for internal discrepancies and missing information; which was
eliminated in the field, in some cases by going back to the concerned families before it was
coded for computerization.
A total of 32 families are likely to be affected due to the proposed Chanju-III HEP. These
families were covered as a part of the socio-economic survey.
The filled-in survey schedules were scrutinized before they were computerized using
database computer software. The raw data was then compiled and systematized before it
was analyzed for various socio-economic parameters. Data analysis was undertaken using MS
Excel computer software. The analyzed outputs have been used in reporting the findings of
the socio-economic survey.
Survey Team conducting survey at the Project affected village
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-11
9.5.2 Public Consultation
The First Public Consultation meeting in respect of Chanju-III Hydro Electric Project (48 MW)
was held on 26.06.2016 at 11 AM at Datuin Mata Mandir, P/O Chanju, Tehsil Churah in Distt.
Chamba of Himachal Pradesh.
Public Consultation at Chanju Panchayat
List of Officers/ Officials of Project Authorities and M/s WAPCOS Limited (A Govt. of India
Undertaking) Consultant for preparing EIA/EMP reports of the Project is placed. The Minutes
of meeting is enclosed as Annexure-IV. Tentatively 300 persons from Project Affected
Families and Project Affected Panchayats and Project Affected Area attended the meeting
wherein Panchayat Presidents, Vice Presidents of both Chanju and Dehra Panchayats and
BDC Member were also present. In the gathering, 129 persons recorded their attendance
and other had refused to record the attendance. In the beginning pamphlets of R&R Policy
of HPPCL and brief summary of R&R Policy in Hindi language were distributed among the
public.
The meeting was hosted by Miss Deepika Rana, JO (Geology), HPPCL. First of all Er. Arun
Kapoor, General Manager, Ravi Chenab Projects, HPPCL was requested to make his speech
on the occasion.
Er. Arun Kapoor, General Manager, Ravi Chenab Projects, HPPCL welcomed the participants
and introduced the officers of HPPCL and M/s WAPCOS (A Govt. of India Undertaking )
Consultant engaged for preparing EIA/EMP reports of the Project. General Manager (RCP)
explained the salient features of Chanju-III HEP (48MW). Further, he defined the Project
Affected Families (PAF), Project Affected Area (PAA), Project Affected Zone (PAZ). The
General Manager (RCP) explained the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy of HPPCL and
highlighted the benefits to be provided to the locals from R&R Policy viz. good
compensation on acquisition of private land, houses and shops, adequate grant and great
relief to the effected families by providing jobs. In addition, for project affected families,
free medical camps, training and awareness camps, sponsorship for training in ITI
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-12
Institutions on merit basis, scholarship to the school children, training and Awareness Camps
on various fields like agriculture, horticulture, non-timber forest produce, herbal
plantation., Annual Sports Competitions, School Children Competitions etc. Further, he
elaborated on the contribution of to Local Area Development Fund (LADF) @ 1.5% of the
project cost as per provisions of H.P. Hydropower Policy. Also, he apprised about the HPPCL
commitment to contribute 1% of its revenue from power generation to LADF during
operation of the project. At the end, he clarified that HPPCL believes in long term
harmonious relationship with local communities in its project area and working a
commitment to make the lives of affected people better than earlier.
Thereafter, Mr. S.M Dixit, Dy. Chief Engineer, M/s WAPCOS apprised the public about the
appraised about the purpose of this public consultation meeting. He intimated the studies
carried out by M/s WAPCOS in the project area for the safeguard of environment and
incorporation of the same in Environmental Impact Assessment and Environment
Management Plan reports of the project under preparation by the agency. He highlighted
the importance of environment to be maintained during the project construction and during
O&M Stage of the project as well. He also made aware the participants that studies have
been carried out adhering to various rules, regulations and orders as stipulated in the
guidelines notified by Govt. of India. General Manager (RCP) and Sh. S.M Dixit requested the
participants to ask any question whatever in their mind and invited their
objections/suggestions.
The Key Issues raised during the Public Consultation are as follows:
All demands should be accepted as contained in NOC already issued to HPPCL for
setting up the project and if the demands have been accepted, the written
assurance in this regard shall be provided to the concerned Panchayat.
Local Contractors and people belonging to the concerned Panchayat have not be
allotted any Project Work.
Copy of EIA/EMP/R&R information should be provided in Hindi language. Also a
copy of NOC issued by Chanju Panchayat to HPPCL.
Locals were not well informed regarding the conduct of the Public Consultation.
Public Consultation should have been conducted in Dehra Panchayat.
Provision made for plying the vehicles in the project and the rates at which these
vehicles will be hired. The vehicles for the same shall be hired by Project Affected
Area only.
Provisioned rates for the hiring of the plying vehicles are very less.
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-13
Provision for the employment opportunity that shall be provided to the people who
are not technically qualified. Also the general provision for the employment for the
local people.
After all the demands of the PAFs shall be addressed NOC will be issued by the
concerned Panchayats.
Benefits local people will get with implementation of the project.
9.5.3 Findings of Socio-economic survey
a) Religious affiliation
As part of the socio-economic survey, information on the religious affiliation of the project
affected families was gathered. It has been observed from the data collected that all the
Project Affected Families follow Hinduism.
b) Caste profile of surveyed population
As part of the socio-economic survey, information on the caste profile of the surveyed
population was also gathered. The distribution of the surveyed population on the basis of
caste is depicted in Tables -9.6. It can be seen from Table-9.7 that 75.00% of PAF belonged
to General Castes category. About remaining 9.37% and 15.63% of he surveyed population
belonged to Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes respectively.
Table 9.6: Distribution of the surveyed families on the basis of caste S.No Name of the Villages General Castes Schedule Castes Schedule Tribes
It has been observed through the information collected from the survey that major
diseases that occur in the surveyed population are malaria, common cold, cough, fever
and viral fever. The type of medical treatment that is mostly adopted by the surveyed
population is Allopathic, Homeopathy, Ayurvedic, traditional faith healers and home
remedies.
CHAPTER-10 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited
10-1
CHAPTER-10
PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
10.1 GENERAL
Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential impacts as a
result of the construction and operation of the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project
have been identified. This Chapter addresses the basic concepts and methodological
approach for conducting a scientifically based analysis of the potential impacts likely to
accrue as a result of the proposed project. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for
quite a few disciplines is subjective in nature and cannot be quantified. Wherever
possible, the impacts have been quantified and otherwise, qualitative assessment has
been undertaken. This Chapter deals with the anticipated positive as well as negative
impacts due to construction and operation of the proposed project. The construction and
operation phase comprises of various activities each of which is likely to have an impact
on environment. Thus, it is important to understand and analyze each activity so as to
assess its impact on environment. The key activities have been categorized for
construction and operation phases.
Construction Phase Activities Site preparation Earthwork and excavation including controlled blasting and drilling Construction of a trench weir of top elevation 2100 m and size 30 m (L) x 2 m (W)
on Chanju nallah Construction of a trench weir of top elevation 2100 m and size 15 m (L) x 0.7 m (W)
on Mahed nallah Intake, Pressure shaft, Power House (3x16 MW) , Head Race Tunnel, Connecting
Tunnel, Tail Race Tunnel of length 76 m, Desilting tank of size 50 m (L) x 5 m (W) x 9 m (H) on Chanju Nallah and 40 m (L) x 3 m (W) x 6 m (H) on Mahed Nallah, Feeder tunnel, Feeder Channel and Forebay.
Construction and widening of project roads Project headquarter, offices and colonies Disposal of muck and construction wastes Transportation of construction material Operation and maintenance of construction equipment Civil and mechanical fabrication works for construction of various project
components. Operation of DG sets Disposal of pollutants from workshops, etc. Disposal of effluents and solid waste from labour camps and colonies
Operation Phase Activities Diversion of water from Chanju and Mahed Nallah for hydropower generation Equipment maintenance and restoration Sewage and solid waste generation from project colonies
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited
10-2
The various project activities and associated potential environmental impacts on various
environmental parameters have been identified and summarized in a matrix and the same
is outlined in Table-10.1.
HPP
CL
E
IA R
epor
t fo
r Ch
anju
-III
HEP
, Ch
amba
, H
P W
APC
OS
Lim
ited
10-3
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited
10-4
The impacts which have been covered in the present Chapter are categorized as below:
- Impacts on Water Environment - Impacts on Air Environment - Impacts on Noise Environment - Impacts on Land Environment - Impacts on Biological Environment - Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment
10.2 IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT
The various aspects covered under water environment are:
- Water quality - Sediments
10.2.1 Water quality
a) Construction phase
The major sources of surface water pollution during project construction phase are as
follows:
Sewage from labour camps/colonies Effluent from crushers Pollution due to muck disposal Effluents from other sources
i) Sewage from labour camps
The project construction is likely to last for a period of 3 years. The peak labour strength
likely to be employed during project construction phase is about 150 workers and 34
technical staff. The employment opportunities in the area are limited. Thus, during the
project construction phase, some of the locals may get employment. It has been observed
during construction phase of many of the projects; the major works are contracted out,
who bring their own skilled labour. However, it is only in the unskilled category, that
locals get employment.
The construction phase, also leads to mushrooming of various allied activities to meet the
demands of the immigrant labour population in the project area.
The following assumptions have been made for assessing the emigrating population in the
area:
80% of workers and technical staff emigrating into the area are married. In 80% of the family of workers both the husband and wife will work. In 100% of the family of technical staff, only husband will work. 2% of total migrating population has been assumed as service providers. 50% of service providers will have families. Family size has been assumed as 5.
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited
10-5
Based on these assumptions, peak migrant population has been calculated as 560 persons
(Table-10.2). This population is expected to reside in the project area at any given time.
Table- 10.2: increase in population due to migration of labour and technical staff during construction phase A. Migrant Population of Laborers Total labor force 150 Married laborers (80% of 150) 120 Single laborers (20% of 150) 30 Husband and wife both working Labour (80% of 120) 96 Number of families where both husband and wife work (96/2) 48 Number of families where only husband work (20% of 150) 30 Total number of laborers families (48+30) 78 Total Migrant Population of Laborers (78 x 5 + 30) 420 B. Migrant Population of Technical Staff Total technical staff 34 Married technical staff 17 Single technical staff 17 Total migrant population of technical staff (17 x 5 + 25) 110 Migrant Workforce (Labor plus Technical) 530 C. Service Providers Total service providers (2% of total migrant workforce) 10 Married service providers (50 % as assumed) 5 Single service providers 5 Total migrant population of service providers (5 x 5 + 5) 30 Total Migrant Population 560
Immigration of 560 population for a long duration in remote area can cause serious impact
on various environmental resources including socio-economic profile of local population.
The congregation of large number of construction workers during the peak construction
phase is likely to create problems of sewage disposal, solid waste management, tree
cutting to meet fuel requirement, etc. Appropriate mitigating measures have been
suggested in EMP, which needs to be implemented to minimize such impacts.
The domestic water requirement has been estimated as 70 lpcd. Thus, total water
requirements work out to 39.2 kld. It is assumed that about 80% of the water supplied will
be generated as sewage. Thus, total quantum of sewage generated is expected to be of
the order of 31.40 kld. The BOD load contributed by domestic sources will be about 25.2
kg/day. It is recommended to provide adequate treatment for the sewage generated from
labour camps, so as to avoid adverse impacts due to disposal of untreated sewage from
the labour camps.
ii) Effluent from crushers
During construction phase, two number of small crushing Plant shall be established at
Power house site and confluence of Tanger and Deothal Nallah to cater for the
requirement of aggregates in Intake area and some length of HRT, desilting tank, etc. It is
HPPCL EIA Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
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proposed that only crushed material would be brought at construction site. Water is
required to wash the boulders and to lower the temperature of the crushing edge. About
0.1 m3 of water is required per ton of material crushed. The effluent from the crusher
would contain high suspended solids i.e. of the order of 3000 4000 mg/l. The effluent, if
disposed without treatment can lead to marginal increase in the turbidity levels in the
receiving water bodies. The natural slope in the area is such that, the effluent from the
crushers will ultimately find its way in Chanju Nallah. It is proposed to treat the effluent
from crushers in settling tank before disposal so as to ameliorate even the marginal
impacts likely to accrue on this account.
iii) Pollution due to muck disposal
The major impact on the water quality arises when the muck is disposed along the river
bank. The project authorities have identified suitable muck disposal sites which are located
near the river channel. The muck will essentially come from the road-building activity,
tunneling and other excavation works. The muck out falling into the river will lead to
increase in turbidity of the river. The high turbidity is known to reduce the photosynthetic
efficiency of primary producers in the river and as a result, the biological productivity will
be greatly reduced. Therefore, the prolonged turbid conditions would have negative impact
on the aquatic life. Therefore, muck disposal has to be done in line with the Muck Disposal
Plan given in EMP to avoid any adverse impact.
b) Operation phase
The major sources of water pollution during project operation phase include:
Effluent from project colony. Sediments Desiltation
i) Effluent from project colony
During project operation phase, due to absence of any large-scale construction activity,
the cause and source of water pollution will be much different. Since, only a small number
of O&M staff will reside in the area in a well-designed colony with sewage treatment plant
and other infrastructure facilities, the problems of water pollution due to disposal of
sewage are not anticipated. In the operation phase, about 10 families (total population of
about 50) will be residing in the project colony proposed to be developed. About 5.4
m3/day of sewage will be generated. The total BOD loading will be order of 2.25 kg/day. It
is proposed to provide bio toilet to treat the sewage generated from project colony. The
BOD loading will reduce to 3 to 4 kg/day. The quantum of sewage so generated will be so
small that no major adverse impact is anticipated as a result of disposal of effluents from
the project colony.
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ii) Sediments
When a river flows along a steep gradient, it could carry a significant amount of sediment
load, depending on the degradation status of the catchment. When a hydraulic structure is
built across the river, it creates a reservoir, which tends to accumulate the sediment, as
the suspended load settles down due to decrease in flow velocity. The proposed project is
envisaged the construction of trench weir across the nallah. Thus, in the proposed project,
sedimentation problems are not anticipated.
iii) Desiltation
Desilting tanks can be cleaned by flushing the accumulated silt directly back into the
source stream, thus creating a slug of sediment that harms downstream water quality and
aquatic habitat and species. Proper management measures shall be suggested as a part of
Management measures in Environmental Management Plan, outlined as volume-II of this
Report.
10.3 IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT
In a water resources project, air pollution occurs mainly during project construction phase.
The major sources of air pollution during construction phase are:
Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment Emission from crushers Fugitive emissions from various sources. Blasting Operations Pollution due to increased vehicular movement Dust emission from muck disposal Pollution due to DG sets
Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
The operation of various construction requires combustion of fuel. Normally,
diesel is used in such equipment. The major pollutant which gets emitted as a result of
combustion of diesel is SO2. The particulate matter emissions are minimal due to low ash
content in diesel. The short-term increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are
operating at a common point, is quite low, i.e. of the order of less than 1 g/m3. Hence, no
major impact is anticipated on this account on ambient air quality.
Emissions from crushers
The operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to generate fugitive
emissions, which can move even up to 1 km in predominant wind direction. During
construction phase, one crusher each is likely to be commissioned near proposed power
house and confluence of Tanger and Deothal Nallah. During crushing operations, fugitive
emissions comprising mainly the suspended particulate will be generated. Since, there are no
major settlements close to the trench weir and power house sites; hence, no major adverse
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impacts on this account are anticipated. However, during the layout design, care should be
taken to ensure that the labour camps, colonies, etc. are located on the leeward side and
outside the impact zone (say about 2 km on the wind direction) of the crusher.
Fugitive Emissions from various sources
During construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement. Lot of construction
material like sand, fine aggregate are stored at various sites, during the project construction
phase. Normally, due to blowing of winds, especially when the environment is dry, some of
the stored material can get entrained in the atmosphere. However, such impacts are visible
only in and around the storage sites. The impacts on this account are generally, insignificant
in nature.
Blasting Operations
Blasting will result in vibration, which shall propagate through the rocks to various degrees
and may cause loosening of rocks/boulders. The overall impact due to blasting operations
will be restricted well below the surface and no major impacts are envisaged at the
ground level. During various blasting operations, dust will be generated, ID blowers will be
provided with dust handling system to capture and generated dust. The dust will settle on
vegetation, in the predominant down wind direction. Appropriate control measures have
been recommended to minimize the adverse impacts on this account.
Pollution due to increased vehicular movement
During construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement for transportation
of various construction materials to the project site. Similarly, these will be increased
traffic movement on account of disposal of muck or construction waste at the dumping
site. The maximum increase in vehicle is expected to 5 to 6 vehicles per hour. Large
quantity of dust is likely to be entrained due to the movement of trucks and other heavy
vehicles. Similarly, marginal increase in Hydrocarbons, SO2 and NOx levels are anticipated
for a short duration. Modeling studies for hydrocarbon emissions were conducted and the
results are given in Table-10.4.
Table-10.4: Increase in hydrocarbon concentration due to vehicular movement Distance (m) Increase in HC concentration (µg/m3) 10 0.5 20 0.25 30 0.17 40 0.13 50 0.10 60 0.08 70 0.07 80 0.06
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The increase in vehicular density is not expected to significant. In addition, these ground
level emissions do not travel for long distances. Thus, no major adverse impacts are
anticipated on this account.
Dust emission from muck disposal
The loading and unloading of muck is one of the source of dust generation. Since, muck will
be mainly in form of small rock pieces, stone, etc., with very little dust particles. Significant
amount of dust is not expected to be generated on this account. Thus, adverse impacts due
to dust generation during muck disposal are not expected.
Pollution due to operation of DG sets
The requirement of construction power would vary at each individual site depending upon
the equipment deployed. The operation of DG sets would lead to air pollution. The
capacity of DG sets would be estimated during project construction phase. The fuel
consumed shall be LDO. The major emission LDO combustion shall be SO2. The particulate
matter emissions shall be marginal, due to low ash content in LDO.
Stack height of DG sets to be kept in accordance with CPCB norms, which prescribes the
minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set to be calculated using the
following formula:
H
H = Total height of stack in metre
h = Height of the building in metres where the generator set is installed
KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA
In addition, appropriate management measures to reduce emission level from the DG sets
shall be implemented to reduce the impacts on ambient air quality.
Impacts on Soil, Material, Vegetation and Human Health
Based on the findings of the studies conducted to assess impacts on ambient air quality
from various sources, it can be concluded that marginal impact on ambient air quality is
anticipated due to the various construction related activities. The increase in air pollution
level shall be marginal and is not expected to affect soil, material and vegetation.
Marginal impact on health is expected on labour involved in construction activities, for
which proper personal protective equipment shall be provided.
10.4 IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT
a) Construction phase
In a water resource projects, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected only during
the project construction phase, due to earth moving machinery, etc. Likewise, noise due to
quarrying, blasting, vehicular movement will have some adverse impacts on the ambient
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noise levels in the area.
Impact due to operation of construction equipement
it is a known fact that there is a reduction in noise level as the sound wave passes through a
barrier. The transmission loss values for common construction materials are given in Table-
10.5.
Table-10.5: Transmission loss for common construction materials Material Thickness of construction
material (inches) Decrease in noise level dB(A)
Light concrete 4 38 6 39
Dense concrete 4 40 Concrete block 4 32
6 36 Brick 4 33 Granite 4 40
Thus, the walls of various houses will attenuate at least 30 dB(A) of noise. In addition there
are attenuation due to the following factors.
Air absorption Rain Atmospheric in homogeneities. Vegetal cover
Thus, no increase in noise levels is anticipated as a result of various activities, during the
project construction phase. The noise generated due to blasting is not likely to have any
effect on habitations. However, blasting can have adverse impact on wildlife. It would be
worthwhile to mention that no major wildlife is observed in and around the project site.
Hence, no significant impact is expected on this account.
Impacts due to increased vehicular movement
During construction phase, there will be significant increase in vehicular movement for
transportation of construction material. At present, there is no vehicular movement near
the dam site. During construction phase, the increase in vehicular movement is expected
to increase up to a maximum of 5 to 6 trucks/hour.
As a part of EIA study, impact on noise level due to increased vehicular movement was
studied using Federal Highway Administration model. The results of modeling are outlined
in Table-10.6.
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Table-10.6: Increase in noise levels due to increased vehicular movement Distance (m) Ambient noise
level dB(A) Increase in noise level due to increased vehicular movement dB(A)
Noise levels due to increased vehicular movement dB(A)
Increase in ambient noise level due to increased vehicular movement dB(A)
As mentioned earlier, there will be significant attenuation due to various factors, e.g.
absorption by construction material, air absorption, atmospheric in homogeneties, and
vegetal cover. Thus, no significant impact on this account is anticipated. Appropriate
measures have been suggested as a part of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) report
to minimize impacts on wildlife.
Impacts on labour
The effect of high noise levels on the operating personnel has to be considered as this may
be particularly harmful. It is known that continuous exposures to high noise levels above
90 dB(A) affects the hearing acuity of the workers/operators and hence, should be
avoided. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) that the exposure period of affected persons be limited as
per the maximum exposure period specified in Table-10.7.
Table-10.7: Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA Maximum equivalent continuous Noise level dB(A)
Unprotected exposure period per day for 8 hrs/day and 5 days/week
90 8 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 ½ 115 ¼ 120 No exposure permitted at or above this level
Noise generated due to drilling
The noise levels monitored at a 10 m distance from the source and oper
given in Table-10.8.
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Table-10.8: Noise generated due to drilling Equipment Noise level at source dB(A) Standing idle (inside cabin) 70-72 Standing idle (10 m radius) 72-74 On load (inside cabin) 78-80 On load (10 m radius) 82-84
The noise levels during various construction activities have been compared to various
standards prescribed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which are
being implemented in our country through rules framed under Factories Act. It can be
observed that as per unprotected exposure period specified by OSHA (Refer Table-10.7)
that for an 8 hour duration, equivalent noise level exposure should be less than 90 dB(A).
The Director General of Mines Safety in its circular no. DG(Tech)/18 of 1975, has
prescribed the noise level in mining operations for workers in 8 hour shift period with
unprotected ear as 90 dB(A) or less. Similar norms can be considered for construction
phase of the proposed project as well. The workers who are expected to be exposed to
noise levels greater than 90 dB(A), should not work in these areas beyond 6 to 8 hours. In
addition, they also need to be provided with ear plugs. Thus, increased noise levels due to
drilling are not expected to adversely affect the workers operating the drill or involved in
other construction related activities.
Noise generated due to blasting
Noise generated by blasting is instantaneous, site specific and depends on type, quantity
of explosives, dimension of drill hole, degree of compaction of explosives in the hole and
rock. Noise levels generated due to blasting have been monitored at various sites and the
results have been summarized in Table-10.9.
Table-10.9: Noise generation due to blasting No. of holes Total charge (kg) Maximum
Intermediate Adit to Pressure Shaft, Pressure Shaft.
1601 720.45 2321.45 928.58 1392.87
Pressure Shaft, Power House, Road
18378 8270.10 26648.10 10659.24 15988.86
Total 120170.49 Source: DPR
It can be observed from Table-10.10, that a total 1.20 lakh m3 of muck needs to be
disposed. The muck disposal sites are located at least 30 m from HFL. The sides of muck
disposal area will be properly protected and stabilized with Gabions/ Retaining Walls of
suitable designed sections. The details of muck disposal areas and capacities are given in
Table-10.11.
Table-10.11: Muck Disposal Sites and Capacities S.No. Name of the dumping site Capacity (m3) 1 Dumping Site I 17789.00 2 Dumping Site II 13975 3 Dumping Site III 6944 4 Dumping Site IV 12719 5 Dumping Site V 20515
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S.No. Name of the dumping site Capacity (m3) 6 Dumping Site VI 18798 7 Dumping Site VII 16936 8 Dumping Site VIII 4930 9 Dumping Site IX 2096 10 Dumping Site X 17100 Total 131802
Source: DPR The capacity of various muck disposal sites is 1.32 lakh m3, hence capacity of the dumping
area is sufficient to accommodate the quantum of muck to be disposed.
Muck, if not securely transported and dumped at pre-designated sites, can have serious
environmental impacts, such as:
Muck, if not disposed properly, can be washed away into the main river which
can cause negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystem of the river.
Muck disposal can lead to impacts on various aspects of environment.
Normally, the land is cleared before muck disposal. During clearing operations,
trees are cut, and undergrowth perishes as a result of muck disposal.
In many of the sites, muck is stacked without adequate stabilization measures.
In such a scenario, the muck moves along with runoff and creates landslide like
situations. Many a times, boulders/large stone pieces enter the river/water
body, affecting the benthic fauna, fisheries and other components of aquatic
biota.
Normally muck disposal is done at low lying areas, which get filled up due to
stacking of muck. This can sometimes affect the natural drainage pattern of the
area leading to accumulation of water or partial flooding of some area.
The muck disposal sites will be suitably stabilized on completion of the muck disposal. The
details of stabilization of muck disposal sites are outlined in Environmental Management
Plan covered in Volume-II of this Report.
Acquisition of land
The total land required for the project is 30.364 ha. Permanent acquisition of land is
required for trench weir site, Power House etc. The ownership status of the land required
for various project appurtenances are given in Table-10.12.
Table-10.12: Land requirement for Chanju III hydroelectric project S. No Project Component/ Activity Area (ha) 1 Forest land (Surface) 23.790 2 Forest Land (underground) 4.704 3 Private Land (Surface) 1.870 Total 30.364 Source: HPPCL
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Impact due to Seismicity
The study area of Chanju-III project lies in seismic zone V as per IS: 1893 (part-i), 2002 and
all civil structures have been designed accordingly.
Impacts due to roads
Roads would be constructed for linking the work site to other sites and to job facility
areas. They would essentially be unpaved and would be constructed at a workable
gradient so that loaded construction equipment does not have to toil hard to go up slope.
An average gradient of 1:15 has been contemplated. These roads would be connected to
the existing roads in the area or to other project roads. The details are given in Table-
10.13.
Table-10.13: List of new roads to be constructed New roads to be constructed Length (Km) Road to Trench Weir Site 0.30 Road to Power House Site 3.10 Road to Dumping Site-II 0.50 Total 3.90 Source: HPPCL The proposed power house on Chanju Nallah is on the left bank as such one no. bridge has
to be constructed on Chanju nallah to access the power house. It is proposed to construct
ropeways to various project components sites to transport the construction material. The
ropeways are proposed to connect forebay site, adit site and intake site for the transport
of material and machinery during construction.
The construction of roads can lead to the following impacts:
The topography of the project area has steep to precipitatuous slope, which
descends rapidly into narrow valleys. The conditions can give rise to erosion
hazards due to net downhill movement of soil aggregates.
Removal of trees on slopes and re-working of the slopes in the immediate vicinity
of roads can encourage landslides, erosion gullies, etc. With the removal of vegetal
cover, erosive action of water gets pronounced and accelerates the process of soil
erosion and formation of deep gullies. Consequently, the hill faces are bared of soil
vegetative cover and enormous quantities of soil and rock can move down the
rivers, and in some cases, the road itself may get washed out.
Construction of new roads increases the accessibility of a hitherto undisturbed
areas resulting in greater human interferences and subsequent adverse impacts on
the ecosystem.
Increased air pollution during construction phase.
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10.6 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
a) Construction phase
i) Increased human interferences
During project construction phase, labour population is likely to congregate near various
construction sites. It can be assumed that the technical staff likely to congregate will be
of higher economic status and will live in a more urbanized habitat, and will not use wood
as fuel. However, workers and other population groups residing in the area may use fuel
wood (if no alternate fuel is provided) for whom firewood/coal depot could be provided.
The details of fuel wood requirements are given as below:
* Average fuel wood consumption : 20 kg pcd * Population size over : 560 Project construction phase * Average consumption per day : 11.2 t/day or 336 t/month * For a construction period of 3 years : 12096t or 13,440 m3.
One tree produces about 2.5 m3 of wood, thus, if alternative fuel was not arranged then
about 5376 trees may be cut to meet the fuel wood requirements to the labour
population, over a construction phase of 3 years. Hence to minimize impacts, it is
recommended that the project contractor shall provide alternate source of fuel be
provided to the labour population, so that they do not cut trees to meet their fuel wood
requirements. The details are covered in Environmental Management Plan covered in
Volume-II of this Report.
The other major impact on the flora in and around the project area would be due to
increased level of human interferences. The workers may also cut trees to meet their
requirements for construction of houses and other needs. Thus, if proper measures are not
undertaken, adverse impacts on terrestrial flora is anticipated. Since, labour camps are
proposed to be constructed by the contractor along with necessary facilities, such impacts
are not envisaged.
During project construction phase trees will have to be cleared for construction of road,
colony, dam axis, muck disposal, etc. The tree felling or clearing shall be done by the
Forest Department.
Impacts due to Vehicular movement and blasting
Dust is expected to be generated during blasting, vehicle movement for transportation of
construction material or construction waste. The dust particles shall settle on the foliage
of trees and plants, thereby reduction in amount of sunlight falling on tree foliage. This
will reduce the photosynthetic activity. Based on experience in similar settings, the
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impact is expected to be localized up to a maximum of 50 to 100 m from the source. Thus,
no significant impact is expected on this account.
Acquisition of forest land
During project construction phase, land will be required for location of construction
equipment, storage of construction material, muck disposal, widening of existing roads
and construction of new project roads. The total land requirement for the project is
30.364 ha, out of which 28.494 ha is the forest land. The balance land is 1.87 ha, which is
private land.
At the trench weir site, a total of 13 tree species were recorded with an average density
of 295 individuals/ ha. The dominant tree species was Populus ciliata followed by Aesculus
indica and Celtis tetrandra.
No rare and endangered species are observed in the forest to be acquired for the project.
Thus, no adverse impacts are anticipated on this account.
10.6.2 Impacts on Terrestrial fauna
a) Construction phase
Disturbance to wildlife
The total land requirement for the project is 30.364 ha, of which 28.494 ha is the forest
land. The balance land to be acquired for the project (1.87 ha) is 1.87 ha, which is private
land.
During construction phase, large number of machinery and construction workers shall be
mobilized. The operation of various equipments will generate significant noise, especially
during blasting which will have adverse impact on fauna of the area. The noise may affect
the fauna and in the area. Likewise, siting of construction plants, workshops, stores,
labour camps etc. could also lead to adverse impact on fauna of the area due to increase
human interfererence.
During construction phase, accessibility to area will lead to influx of workers and the
people associated with the allied activities from outside will also increase. Increase in
human interference could have an impact on terrestrial ecosystem. The other major
impact could be the blasting to be carried out during construction phase. This impact
needs to be mitigated by adopting controlled blasting and strict surveillance regime and
the same is proposed to be used in the project. This will reduce the noise level and
vibrations due to blasting to a great extent. Likewise, siting of construction equipment,
godowns, stores, labour camps, etc. may generally disturb the fauna in the area.
However, disturbance due to various construction activities shall be limited to area in
vicinity to construction sites. However, few stray animals sometimes venture in and
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around the project site. Thus, to minimize any harm due to poaching activities from
immigrant labour population, strict anti-poaching surveillance measures need to be
implemented, especially during project construction phase. The same have been
suggested as a part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
Impacts on avi-fauna
The project area and its surroundings are quite rich in avi-fauna. However, water birds are
not very common in the area. The main reason for this phenomenon is that water birds
generally require quiescent or slow moving water environment. However, in the proposed
project area and its surroundings due to terrain conditions, water flow is swift, which does
not provide suitable habitat for the growth of water birds. The project would lead to
quiescent condition, which is expected to increase the avi-faunal population of the area.
b) Operation phase
i) Increased accessibility
During the project operation phase, the accessibility to the area will improve due to
construction of roads, which in turn may increase human interferences leading to marginal
adverse impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem. The increased accessibility to the area can
lead to increased human interferences in the form of illegal logging, lopping of trees,
collection of non-timber forest produce, etc. Since significant wildlife population is not
found in the region, adverse impacts of such interferences are likely to be marginal. The
details of measures to improve terrestrial ecology of the area are covered in Volume II of
this Report.
10.6.3 Aquatic Flora
a) Construction phase
During construction phase wastewater mostly from domestic source will be discharged
mostly from various camps of workers actively engaged in the project area. Around 39.2
kld of water is required for the workers during the peak construction phase out of which
80% (i.e. about 31.36 kld) will be discharged back to the river as wastes, more or less as a
point source from various labour camps. The minimum flow during lean season is about
1.86 cumec. However, sufficient water for dilution will be available in Chanju Nallah to
keep the DO of the river to significantly high levels.
b) Operation phase
The completion of Chanju-III hydroelectric Project would bring about significant changes
in the riverine ecology, as the river transforms from a fast-flowing water system to a
quiescent lacustrine environment. Such an alteration of the habitat would bring changes in
physical, chemical and biotic life. Among the biotic communities, certain species can
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survive the transitional phase and can adapt to the changed riverine habitat. There are
other species amongst the biotic communities, which, however, for varied reasons related
to feeding and reproductive characteristics cannot acclimatize to the changed
environment, and may disappear in the early years of impoundment of water. The micro-
biotic organisms especially diatoms, blue-green and green algae before the operation of
project, have their habitats beneath boulders, stones, fallen logs along the river, where
depth is such that light penetration can take place. But with the damming of river, these
organisms may perish as a result of increase in depth.
10.6.4 Impacts on Aquatic Fauna
Construction phase
Impacts due to excavation of construction material from river bed
During the construction phase a large quantity of construction material like stones,
pebbles, gravel and sand would be needed. Significant amount of material is available in
the Quarry and river bed. It is proposed to extract construction material from quarry as
well as from the River bed. The extraction of construction material may affect the river
water quality due to increase in the turbidity levels. This is mainly because the dredged
material gets released during one or all the operations mentioned below:
Excavation of material from the river bed. Loss of material during transport to the surface. Overflow from the dredger while loading Loss of material from the dredger during transportation.
The cumulative impact of all the above operations is increase in turbidity levels. Good
dredging practices can however, minimize turbidity. It has also been observed that slope
collapse is the major factor responsible for increase in the turbidity levels. If the depth of cut
is too high, there is possibility of slope collapse, which releases a sediment cloud. This will
further move outside the suction radius of dredged head.
In order to avoid this typical situation, the depth of cut be restricted to:
H/C < 5.5
Where, - Unit weight of the soil
H - Depth of soil C - Cohesive strength of soil
The dredging and deposition of dredged material may affect the survival and propagation of
benthic organisms. The macro-benthic life which remains attached to the stones, boulders
etc. gets dislodged and is carried away downstream by turbulent flow. The areas from where
construction material is excavated, benthic fauna gets destroyed. In due course of time,
however, the area gets recolonized, with fresh benthic fauna. The density and diversity of
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benthic fauna will however, be less as compared with the pre-dredging levels.
Impacts due to discharge of sewage from labour camp/colony
The proposed hydro-power project envisages construction of a project colony near project
site. This would result in emergence of domestic waste water which is usually discharged
into the river. However, it is proposed to commission a septic tank for treatment of
sewage prior its disposal. Due to perennial nature of Chanju Nallah, it maintains sufficient
flow throughout the year which is sufficient to dilute the treated sewage from residential
colonies. Therefore, as mentioned earlier, no adverse impacts on water quality are
anticipated due to discharge of sewage from labour camp/colony.
(b) Operation Phase
Impacts on fisheries
In the project area, fisheries is not observed, hence no impact on riverine fisheries is
envisaged.
10.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
A project of this magnitude is likely to entail both positive as well as negative impacts on
the socio-cultural fabric of the area. During construction and operation phases, a lot of
allied activities will mushroom in the project area.
10.7.1 Impacts due to influx of labour force
During the construction phase a large labour force, including skilled, semi-skilled and un-
skilled labour force including their families of the order of about 560 persons, is expected
to immigrate into the project area. It is felt that most of the labour force would come
from other parts of the country. However, some of the locals would also be employed to
work in the project. The labour force would stay near to the project construction sites.
The project will also lead to certain negative impacts. The most important negative
impact would be during the construction phase. The labour force that would work in the
construction site would settle around the site. They would temporarily reside there. This
may lead to filth, in terms of domestic wastewater, human waste, etc. Besides, other
deleterious impacts are likely to emerge due to inter-mixing of the local communities with
the labour force. Differences in social, cultural and economic conditions among the locals
and labour force could also lead to friction between the migrant labour population and the
total population.
10.7.2 Economic impacts of the project
Apart from direct employment, the opportunities for indirect employment will also be
created which would provide an impetus to the local economy. Various types of business
like shops, food-stall, tea stalls, etc. besides a variety of suppliers, traders, transporters
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will concentrate here and benefit immensely as demand will increase significantly for
almost all types of goods and services. The locals will avail these opportunities arising
from the project and increase their income levels. With the increase in the income levels,
there will be an improvement in the infrastructure facilities in the area.
10.7.3 Impacts due to land acquisition
Another most important deleterious impact during construction phase will be that,
pertaining to land acquisition. About 30.364 ha of land proposed to be acquired for the
proposed Chanju III hydro-electric project. Of this about 28.494 ha is forest land and
balance is 1.87 ha is private land.
10.7.4 Impacts on cultural/religious/historical monuments
Apart from village temples in the study area, monuments of cultural, religious, historical or
archaeological importance are not reported in the project as well as the study area. Thus, no
impacts on such structures is envisaged.
10.7.5 Construction workforce related influence on social services (Educational, Health, Communication, Water Supply, Consumer Goods, and Sanitation etc.)
During construction phase, a large labour force, including skilled, semi-skilled and un-
skilled labour force, is expected to immigrate into the project area. It is felt that most of
the labour force would come from various parts of the country. Some of the locals would
also be employed to work in the project. The labour force would stay near to the project
construction sites. A sizeable amount of surplus income generated through labour will be
spent on education. This will improve the quality of life of the locals.
10.7.6 Construction workforce related influence on law and order
Certain impacts are likely to emerge due to inter-mixing of the local communities with the
expatriate labour force. Differences in social, cultural and economic conditions among the
locals and labour population could become a reason of friction between the migrant labour
population and the local population.
10.7.7 Construction related influence on occupational health, community health
The labour population involved in construction activities may immigrate into the project area
is likely to have different cultural, ethnic and social backgrounds. Such a mixture of
population has its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include exchange of
ideas and cultures between various groups of people which would not have been possible
otherwise. Due to longer residence of this population in one place, a new culture, having a
distinct socio-economic identity would develop which will have its own entity.
The benefits however, are always not a certainty and depend on several factors. Often, they
are directly related to the way construction phase is handled by the project authorities and
their sensitivity to various socio-economic problems that could develop during this phase.
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It is normally experienced that untreated sewage would find its way into natural drainage
system, and is likely to get collected as pools of sewage or it out-falls into the nearest water
body along natural drainage pattern. Thus, it is important to provide appropriate sewage
treatment facilities at the labour camp and at the construction sites prior to disposal. The
garbage comprising of waste materials, e.g. packaging, polythene or plastic materials are
likely to be generated during project construction and operation phase at the power station.
The same needs to be properly collected and disposed at designated sites.
10.7.8 Improved access facilities in the project area
Development of the proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project will have multifold
beneficial impacts. The immediate beneficial impacts from the project will be improved
connectivity by the road. The improved road access will bring an improvement of food
security situation and overall economic and social stability. The improved access road will
also provide cheap, safe and fast transport of goods and services from rural areas to urban
centers and vice versa. This will contribute significantly to improve the overall socio-
economic condition of the people.
10.7.9 Impacts on infrastructure
The availability of infrastructure is generally a problem during the initial construction
phase. Though the construction workers would be willing to pay for certain facilities like
health, education, etc., the facilities itself are often not made available timely and of the
desired quality. The adequacy of water supply, sewage treatment, housing etc. should,
therefore, be ensured before and adequate measures would be taken at the very start of
the project.
10.7.10 Impacts on Flour Mills (Gharats)
There are total 25 flour mills observed in the area between proposed trench weir sites and
power house site of Chanju-III project. The details of flour mills are given in Table-10.14.
Table-10.14: Details of flour mills between proposed trench weir sites and Power house site Name of Revenue Village
Khasra No. No. of flour Mills
No. of share holders
Kunda 235 1 1 Downstream of
Chanju-III HEP Diversion site
237 1 3 510/238 2 18
Sub Total I 4 22
Jakhla
749 1 2 In the vicinity of Power House site and downstream of diversion of Mahed nallah
CHAPTER-1 COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PLAN
1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Compensatory Afforestation 1-1 1.3 Biodiversity Conservation 1-4 1.4 Conservation Plan for Schedule-I species 1-7 1.5 Conservation of floral species 1-8 1.6 Monitoring of Biodiversity Conservation & Management Plan 1-8 1.7 Budget 1-9 CHAPTER-2 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Need for Greenbelt Development Plan 2-1 2.3 Structure for Greenbelt 2-1 2.4 Scheme for Greenbelt Development 2-1 2.5 Budget 2-2 CHAPTER-3 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL 3.1 Control of Water Pollution During Construction Phase 3-1 3.2 Control of Water Pollution During Operation Phase 3-1 3.3. Management of Sand 3-1 3.4. Environmental Flows 3-1 CHAPTER-4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN LABOUR CAMPS 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 Provision of Heating 4-1 4.3 Provision of Water Supply 4-1 4.4 Sanitation & Sewage Treatment Facilities 4-1 4.5 Solid Waste Management from Labour Camps 4-2 4.6 Provision of free fuel 4-4 4.7 Fire protection in Labour camp and staff colonies 4-5 4.8 Safety during construction phase 4-7 4.9 Traffic Management 4-9 4.10 Labour Awareness programme 4-9 4.11 Disposal of Construction Waste 4-10 4.12 Budget 4-10 4.13 Implementing Agency 4-10
CHAPTER-5 PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM
5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.2 Development of Medical Facilities 5-1 5.3 Cost Estimates 5-3 CHAPTER-6 MUCK MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Muck Generation 6-1
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6.3 Budget 6-3 CHAPTER-7 RESTORATION AND LANDSCAPING OF CONSTRUCTION SITES 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Quarrying Operations 7-1 7.3 Restoration of Quarry Sites 7-2 7.4 Landscaping and Restoration Plan 7-3 7.5 Budget 7-4 CHAPTER-8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION 8.1 Introduction 8-1 8.2 Impacts due to Construction of Roads 8-1 8.3 Management Measures 8-1 8.4 Budget 8-3 CHAPTER-9 CONTROL OF AIR AND NOISE POLLTION 9.1 Impacts on Air Quality 9-1 9.2 Mitigation Measures 9-1 9.3 Budget for Control of Air Pollution 9-4 9.4 Measures for Noise Control 9-4 9.5 Implementing Agency 9-6 CHAPTER-10 CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN 10.1 Need for Catchment Area Treatment 10-1 10.2 Approach for the Study 10-3 10.3 Estimation of Soil Loss Using Silt Yield Index (SYI) Method 10-7 10.4 Watershed Management Available Techniques 10-9 10.5 Catchment Area Treatment Plan 10-10 10.6 Cost Estimates 10-17 10.7 Schedule for Implementation of CAT Plan 10-17 CHAPTER-11 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES 11.1 General 11-1 11.2 Energy Conservation During Construction Phase 11-1 11.3 Energy Conservation During Operation Phase 11-1 11.4 Energy Efficient Equipment 11-1 11.5 Distribution of Fuel 11-2 11.6 Budget 11-2
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CHAPTER 12 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN
12.1 Introduction 12-1 12.2 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan 12-1 12.3 Measures for Rehabilitation 12-2 12.4 Budget 12-15 CHAPTER-13 LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN 13.1 Aims and Objectives of LADF 13-1 13.2 Definition and Declaration of PAF, PAA & PAZ 13-1 13.3 Local Area Development Committee (LADC) 13-2 13.4 Parameters for Allocation of Fund 13-3 13.5 Allocation of fund under Project Affected Area 13-3 13.6 Allocation of fund under project Affected Zone 13-4 13.7 Allocation of fund as per LADF 13-4 CHAPTER-14 MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF R&R MEASURES 14.1 Introduction 14-1 14.2 Institutional/Administrative Arrangement For Implementation 14-1
of R&R Measures 14.3 Monitoring and Evaluation 14-2 14.4 Budget 14-7 CHAPTER-15 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 15.1 The Need 15-1 15.2 Areas of Concern 15-1 15.3 Water Quality 15-1 15.4 Air Quality and Meteorology 15-2 15.5 Noise 15-2 15.6 Ecology 15-2 15.7 Incidence of Water-Related Diseases 15-3 15.8 Landuse Pattern 15-3 15.9 Summary of Environmental Monitoring programme 15-3 15.10 Summary of EMP alongwith Implementing Agency & Responsibility 15-4 15.11 Establishment of an Environmental Management Cell 15-7 CHAPTER-16 COST ESTIMATES 16.1 Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan 16-1 16.2 Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme 16-1 CHAPTER-17 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT INVOLVED 17-1 IN THE CEIA STUDY
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Nest Box
Figure-6.1: locations of muck disposal sites
Figure-6.2: locations of muck disposal site-I
Figure-6.3: locations of muck disposal site-II
Figure-6.4: locations of muck disposal site-III
Figure-6.5: locations of muck disposal site-IV
Figure-6.6: locations of muck disposal site-V
Figure-6.7: locations of muck disposal site-VI
Figure-6.8: locations of muck disposal site-VII
Figure-6.9: locations of muck disposal site-VIII
Figure-6.10: locations of muck disposal site-IX
Figure-6.11: locations of muck disposal site-X
Figure-8.1: Existing and Proposed Access Road for Project Site
Figure-10.1: Drainage map for catchment area of Chanju-III HEP
Figure-10.2: Land Use Map for catchment area of Chanju-III HEP
Figure-10.3: Slope Map for catchment area of Chanju-III HEP
Figure-10.4: Prioritisation Map for catchment area of Chanju-III HEP
Figure-10.5: Catchment Area Treatment measures for Chanju-III HEP
Figure-15.1: Institutional Setup at Corporate Level in HPPCL
CHAPTER-1 COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION AND
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PLAN
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CHAPTER-1
COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PLAN
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Conservation is the sustainable use of natural resources, so that it is preserved for future
generation as well. Natural conservation involves proper management of natural wealth,
places that sustain these resources besides the human pressure that affect the resources.
The need for conservation, preservation and management of biological diversity arises
because of threats to natural ecosystems by anthropogenic activities. In view of the
foreseen disturbance and degradation of natural ecosystems, a compensatory afforestation
plan and biodiversity conservation and management plan has been proposed for Chanju-III
hydroelectric project
1.2 COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION
The Forest Department of Himachal Pradesh is responsible for conservation and
Management of forests in the state. The objective of the compensatory afforestation is to
make up for the loss of forest land proposed to be utilized for construction of the
proposed Chanju-III hydroelectric project.
1.2.1 Impacts on Forest
The total land required for the project is 30.364 ha; out of which 28.494 is forest land.
The details of land required is given in Table-1.1.
Table-1.1: Details of land requirement for Chanju-III HEP S. No. Type of Land Area (ha) 1 Forest Land Surface 23.790 2 Forest Land Under Ground 4.704 3 Private Land Surface 1.870 Total 30.364
The tree density at weir site and catchment area is 240 and 295 per ha respectively. The
dominant tree species at weir site are Picea smithiana and Quercus semecarpifolia Shrub
layer is represented by, etc. Viburnum cotinifolium, Sorbaria tomentosa., Rubus
macilentus, are the dominant trees recorded from power house site. The commonly
observed shrubs at this site were Lonicera angustifolia, Corylus jacquemontii. and Spiraea
canescens. No rare and endangered species are observed in the forest to be acquired for
the project. Thus, no adverse impacts are anticipated on this account.
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1.2.2 Afforestation
The Indian Forest Conservation Act (1980) stipulates:
- If non-forest land is not available, compensatory plantation are to be established
on degraded forest lands, which must be twice the forest area affected or lost.
- If non- forest land is available, compensatory forest are to be raised over an area
equivalent to the forest area affected or lost.
It is proposed to afforest double the forest land being acquired for the project. Thus, a
total of (28.494X2) 56.988 ha of land shall be afforested. The afforestation work is to be
done by the Forest Department
Methodology for Compensatory Afforestation
The objective of the afforestation programme will be to develop natural areas in which
ecological functions could be maintained on sustainable basis. Therefore planting of
economic important indigenous species would be undertaken. The compensatory
afforestation is proposed to be done mainly in those forest blocks where degraded land
and forest blanks are available for planting. The sites for compensatory afforestation will
be selected by
Seeding will be collected from nearest nursery for block and avenue plantation.
Mixed species will be selected for plantation to conserve the soil moisture.
25%, Soil Moisture Conservation (S.M.C.) work will be taken up of total cost of
block plantation.
Maintenance to be done up to five years.
Work will be executed by the Forest Department.
In the areas proposed for afforestation, digging of trenches and pits would be done along
the contour. About 20 to 30m long contour trenches would be dug leaving a space of 50 cm
(septa) between the two consecutive trenches. Soil would be dug on the lower side of the
trench after removing pebbles and weeds. For digging 1500 pits per ha pits would be dug
15 cm uphill side from the contour trenches. The spacing of pits along contour trench will
not be closer than 1.25 m. Extreme care would be taken in transporting the plants from
nurseries to the plantation site to avoid any damage. Planting would be completed before
the monsoon period is over.
Fuel Wood & Fodder Plants
It is proposed to develop vegetative barrier of hedge plants to protect plants which have
fuelwood as fodder value. The seeds of hedges like Salix lindleyana, Rosa webbiana,
Juniperus communis, Berberis jaeschkeana, etc. will be sown in contour trenches before
the onset of monsoon. When the water of surface run off reaches the line of ridges its
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speed is checked and the hedge plants stop silt and only percolated water passes down
slowly. Hedges spread and grow well in the silt left behind and form a natural terrace.
Fencing
Stone wall 125 cm high and 45 cm wide or 4 strand barbed wire fencing would be erected
during first year along with soil working.
Watch & Ward and Fire Protection
Protection of plantation is the greatest challenge in hills as villagers and their livestock
damage the plantation before it is established. Hence the protection of plantation
particularly in the juvenile stage is of paramount importance and watchmen/ chowkidars
would be engaged from the nearby villages for the required job. Besides the above, other
appropriate measures would be adopted to ward off these potential threats.
Species for compensatory afforestation
The species for plantation are selected after considering altitude, aspect, biotic pressure,
soil depth, moisture etc. The species recommended for afforestation are listed in Table-
1.2.
Table-1.2: Species recommended for Compensatory Afforestation S. N. Plant species Local name 1 Picea smithiana Rayi 2 Ulmus wallichiana Moral 3 Abies pindrow Tosh 4 Acer caesium Mapple/Mander 5 Aesculus indica Goon 6 Alnus nepalensis Piyakh 7 Cedrus deodara Diyar 8 Pinus wallichiana Kail 9 Populus ciliata Popular 10 Prunus padus Jammur 11 Quercus floribunda Moru/Green Oak 12 Quercus leucotrichophora Banz
Budget
The compensatory afforestation is proposed to be undertaken on degraded forest land
identified in consultation with the State Forest Department. Plant species have been
identified based on soil and climatic conditions of the proposed compensatory
afforestation area. The estimated cost of Compensatory Afforestation programme is
Rs. 66.99 lakh. The details are given in Table-1.3.
Table-1.3: Cost estimates of Compensatory Afforestation Plan S.
No. Particulars Unit Unit Rate Cost
(Rs. lakh) 1. Total area for compensatory
afforestation as per the notification of Govt of HP for wooden Fence Posts
56.988 ha
Rs. 80,000/ha 45.59
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S. No.
Particulars Unit Unit Rate Cost (Rs. lakh)
2. Maintenance of afforestation area Average rate for 5 years is 20000/- per ha
56.988 ha
Rs. 20,000/ha 11.40
3. Charges for providing infrastructure support to the Forest Department for executing compensatory afforestation works
5 years Rs. 2.0 lakh/year 10.0
Total 66.99
In addition, the project proponents will also pay for cost of trees and NPV of forests as
determined the Forest Department.
1.3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
The project area did not have any threatened category of species as classified by IUCN.
1.3.1 Habitat Improvement Programme
Habitat improvement programme is an integral part of biodiversity management. This
programme consists of bringing into useful association of those condition needed by a
species to reproduce and survive. The following activities have been proposed for habitat
improvement programme:
Afforestation: Area under forest and tree cover will be expanded through systematic
planning and implementation of afforestation and rehabilitation programme in degraded
and open forests and available non forest lands.
Regeneration of felled areas will be ensured in a time bound manner and productivity of
plantations will be increased through use of improved seeds and planting stock. The
indigenous fruit bearing plants, vital from wildlife point of view are proposed to be
planted so as to enrich the habitat & ensure the sufficient availability of food.
Monoculture will be discouraged and mixed plantations of broad-leaved fodder, fuel wood
and wild fruit species will be promoted. This activity will increase forest cover and will
provide habitat to the animals. Afforestation programme in the degraded Forest
Compartments, is proposed to be carried out and species for this shall be finalized by the
Forest Department. An amount of Rs.10 lakh can be earmarked for this purpose.
Avi-fauna : Forests are vital for the survival, foraging, breeding and nesting of avifauna.
Natural forests provide a variety of food materials to the birds not only in the form of
nectar of flowers, fruits, seeds etc. in the trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses but they also
contain a large number of insects eaten by birds. In the forests, food is always available
for the faunal component. Although most floral species flower during spring through
summer but fruit maturation and seed ripening takes place in them throughout the year.
Therefore, first strategy of improvement of habitat for birds is avoiding nest predation or
brood parasitism through maintenance of large contiguous forest tract. These areas have
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the ability to support the largest number of forest interior birds and will also be more
likely to provide habitat for area sensitive species. It is more practicable to protect the
existing forest area rather than creating new forest area.
Another measure for habitat improvement for avifauna is to be installation of artificial
nest boxes in the influence zone and catchment area of the project after consultation with
the forest department as well as local NGOs. These nest boxes has been found to be quite
beneficial for attracting hole nester birds. The size and capacity of boxes vary from one
species to another.
Feature of a Nest Box:
The characteristic features of nest box are listed below and shown in Figure 1.1.
Untreated wood (Jamun, mango, pine, cedar or fir) Thick walls (at least ¾ inches) Extended, sloped roof Rough or grooved interior walls Recessed floor, coated with primer and paint Drainage holes Ventilation holes Easy access for monitoring and cleaning Sturdy construction No outside perches
The entrance hole should have a 2-inch diameter and 6 inch depth from entrance hole.
Nest boxes are placed on trees at height from 10-12 ft. Such nest boxes designs have been
used with success.
Figure 1.1: Nest Box
It is proposed that one qualified person be hired for a period of three years. An amount of
Rs. 6.97 lakh can be earmarked for habitat improvement of avi-fauna in the study area.
The details are given in Table-1.5.
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Table-1.5: Cost of habitat improvement for avi-fauna in the study area S. No. Particulars Amount (Rs. lakh)
A Non-recurring Cost 1
average cost Rs. 1000 per wooden box) and installation in the area along with the green belt (100)
1.0
2 Repair and maintenance of the nests 2.0
B Recurring Cost (for 3 years) 1 Salary for one skilled person @ Rs. 10,000 per month
for implementation and data collection including 10% escalation
3.97
Total Cost (A+B) 6.97
1.3.2 Anti-poaching Measures
For the improvement of vigilance and measures to check poaching number of measures
described below would be undertaken.
During construction phase in and around the main construction areas, i.e. the trench weir
site, powerhouse site, etc. where construction workers congregate, some disturbance to
the wildlife population may occur. Therefore, marginal impacts may be on wildlife due to
various construction activities. In view of this it is recommended that 2 check posts be
developed in the major construction area i.e. near trench weir site, labour camps, to
implement anti-poaching measures during project construction phase. Each check post
shall have 6 guards to ensure that poaching does not take place in the area. The guards
will be supervised by a range officer. It is also recommended that the staff manning these
check posts have adequate communication equipment and other facilities. Apart from
inter-linking of check posts, communication link needs to be extended to Divisional Forest
Office and the local police station also.
Purchase of anti-poaching kits: To capture and translocate wild animals out of human
habitations or agricultural lands, various trapping equipments pertaining to anti-poaching
activities are needed. In the absence of these the staff faces difficulties and all efforts
made on this behalf are futile. For this an amount of Rs. 3 lakh has been earmarked. The
anti-poaching kits will include equipments for self defense of the staff as well.
Infrastructure Development: This includes antipoaching huts, rock shelters development
and residential quarters for forest guards. For effective monitoring, one watch tower is
also proposed to be established at an identified place having high pressure of biotic
interference. These basic amenities for the field staff to enable them to do effective
patrolling in the areas. For watch tower and accommodation an amount of Rs. 5 lakh has
been earmarked.
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Purchase of Survey equipment & Vehicle: In order to improve network and vigilance it is
required to procure equipment like V-SAT and to document and develop a database IT
infrastructure like laptops, G.P.S., inoculars, video as well as digital still cameras are
essential. Purchase of field vehicle will help in increased vigilance.
For better communication and purchase of survey equipment an amount of Rs. 5 lakh has
been earmarked.
Construction of Check posts: To improve vigilance for anti-poaching, better protection,
enforcement for control grazing practices the construction of control-grazing-cum-anti
poaching check posts. An amount of Rs.5.0 lakh can be earmarked for this purpose.
An amount of Rs. 32.28 lakh has been earmarked for this purpose. The details are given as
below:
a) Salary Guards ( 6 nos.) @ Rs.8000 per month Rs. 5,76,000 One range officer @ Rs.25,000 per month Rs. 3,00,000 Total cost for one year Rs. 8,76,000
Cost for 3 years Rs. 29.00 lakh (Assuming 10% increase per year)
b) Purchase of anti-poaching kits Rs. 3.0 lakh c) Infrastructure development Rs. 3.0 lakh d) Purchase of Survey equipment & Vehicles Rs. 5.0 lakh e) Construction of check posts Rs. 5.0 lakh Total Cost Rs. 45.00 lakh
1.4 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR SCHEDULE-I SPECIES
Threats to schedule-I species: Hunting in the past, poaching today for meat or hide,
habitat loss and competition with livestock for food, have been the main causes for the
decline of Himalayan tahr populations and local extinctions in many parts of its once
continuous distribution range. Although legal hunting of Himalayan tahr is not permitted in
the native habitats, poaching by local villagers is a major concern, and there are no
estimates of these species killed annually in the area. Increasing human population in the
recent past and the consequent land use changes and encroachments have led to loss of
these species habitat. Livestock grazing pressure on Himalayan tahr habitat is another
major reason for their decline.
Conservation measures: Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effecting
conservation, which is suggested as under.
By conducting awareness programmes (community and school level) for
conservation of schedule-I species in the area and also through organizing
Workshop on wildlife research and management should also be encouraged.
Poaching and illegal hunting of wild animals should be banned.
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Some provision of rewards to in informers for the control of poaching and illegal
trade in wildlife. Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential
threats and population of the species.
Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in
nearby area of Himalayan tahr populations and to promote conservation of their
habitats.
Local villagers who are skilled at observing tahr and/or other wildlife should be
-
Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society
dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented
with the help of and in the consultation of the state forest department.
With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching,
smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives the government of India
enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003
and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more
stringent.
Cost for the conservation plan: A total of Rs. 6.00 lakh shall be earmarked for the
conservation plan of Schedule-I species in various activities .
1.5 CONSERVATION OF FLORAL SPECIES
There is no threatened and endangered species as per IUCN status. Some species of plants
which have been listed in Red data book of Indian plant were recorded from the
catchment area of the project. Therefore, none of species are going to be affected or
uprooted from the project activity.
1.6 MONITORING OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT PLAN
Monitoring is an important part of the Biodiversity Management Plan. All the activities of
Biodiversity Management Plan will be closely and regularly monitored in terms of physical,
financial progress and quality by the project proponent and officers of Forest Department.
The State Government shall set up a Biodiversity Conservation Committee (BCC) under the
chairmanship of the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Govt. of Himachal Pradesh.
The committee shall review and oversee the conservation work to be undertaken.
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1.7 BUDGET
A total provision of Rs. 118.96 lakh has been earmarked for biodiversity conservation. The
details are given in Table-1.6.
Table-1.6: Estimated cost of Biodiversity Conservation and Management Plan implementation S. No. Particulars Cost (Rs. lakh) 1 Compensatory Afforestation 66.99 2 Habitat improvement for avi-fauna 6.97 3 Anti-poaching measures 45.00 4. Conservation plan for Schedule-I species 6.00 Total 124.96
CHAPTER-2 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER-2
GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The greenbelt development plan aims to overall improvement in the environmental
conditions of the region. The plan with a five-fold objective addresses issues such as
prevention of land degradation due to activities during construction phase; enhancing the
forest cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region; providing aesthetic value to the
project area and consequently inviting a proportionate tourist flux; enhancing the
ecological equilibrium of the area; and to a large proportion in combating soil erosion. It is
proposed to develop greenbelt around the periphery of various project appurtenances,
selected stretches along periphery of trench weir.
2.2 NEED FOR GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The green belt on either side of the Chanju and Mehad nallah will reduce the
sedimentation and ensure protection of the trench weir site from any other human activity
that could result in the catchment damage. On moderately steep slopes tree species will
be planted for the creation of green belt which are indigenous, economically important,
soil binding in nature and an thrive well under high humidity and flood conditions
2.3 STRUCTURE OF GREENBELT
Green belt around the project site would be created to avoid erosion of soil and
prevention of land slips near the projects site. The slopes on both the banks will be
planted with suitable tree species for creation of a green belt. In areas with moderately
steep slopes indigenous, economically important, soil binding tree species will be planted,
which are able to thrive well under high humidity and flood conditions.
2.4 SCHEME FOR GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT
The scheme of plantation around the trench weir is given as follows:
i) The green belt will start from the immediate vicinity of the project site on both
the banks.
ii) Green belt will be developed around the project colony and along the road.
iii) The width of the green belt will be around 50 m or as physiographic and land
features allow. There would be at least 2-3 layers of plantation.
iv) The green belt will be put under a protective regulatory framework to ensure
that it is not degraded or disturbed. No ecologically disruptive activity will be
allowed in this zone.
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2.5 BUDGET
The plantations would be carried out on an approximate area of 10 ha. This work would be
completed in two years at an estimated cost of Rs.10.0 lakh at the rate of Rs.1.0 lakh/ha
which includes the cost of nursery creation, advance works, actual plantations and
maintenance. The plantation for this purpose will be carried out by Forest Department,
state government of Himachal Pradesh.
CHAPTER-3 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 3-1
CHAPTER-3
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
3.1 CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE During project construction phase, sufficient measures need to be implemented to
ameliorate the problem of water pollution from various sources. The sewage generated
from various labour camps should be treated in septic tanks and disposed by discharging
into nearest water body. However, efforts shall be made to discharge the treated effluent
only in these water bodies, which are not used for meeting domestic water requirements.
The construction activities would require a crusher to crush large lumps of rocks to the
requisite size for coarse as well as fine aggregates. The effluent generated from these
crushers will have high-suspended solids. The effluent needs to be treated before disposal.
Settling tanks of appropriate size for treatment of effluent from various crushers should be
provided. Normally, water is collected in the side drains and drained off into the nearest
water body without treatment. Effluents are expected to be generated from 2 to 3
locations. The sludge from the various settling tanks can be collected once in 15 days and
disposed at the site designed for disposal of municipal solid wastes from the labour camps.
The sludge after drying could also be used as cover material for landfill disposal site. An
amount of Rs. 15.0 lakh needs to be earmarked for construction of various settling tanks.
3.2 CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION DURING OPERATION PHASE
In the project operation phase, a plant colony with 50 quarters is likely to be set up. It is
recommended to provide a suitable Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) to treat the sewage
generated from the colony. The cost required for construction of sewage STP in the
project colony has already been covered in the budget earmarked for construction of the
project colony. Hence, the cost for the same has not been included in the cost for
implementing EMP.
3.3 MANAGEMENT OF SAND
Sand shall be dredged out from the desilting tanks and can be disposed off in the low lying
area or borrow area. The greenbelt shall be developed on the sand disposal area. However
for flushing purpose downstream water quality and aquatic habitats should be considered
when planning sediment flushing.
3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS
To sustain the biotic life in the affected reach of the river downstream of diversion
structure Government of Himachal Pradesh (GoHP) regulations specify that 15 % of the
minimum flow during lean months (environment flow) should always be released from the
diversion structure. The environmental flow is a very sensitive issue in hydro power
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 3-2
projects. Release of environmental flow is to be ensured immediately
downstream of the diversion structure at all times to account for the sustenance of
ecology and biotic environment. The required environmental flow has been computed as
15% of the leanest flow during the lean season (December-February) for the entire period
of data availability.
The minimum flow for the 90% dependable year is computed to be 1.8 m3/s. Based on this
value, 15% of the leanest discharge over lean period is worked out to be 0.27 m3/s. During
construction of the diversion weir, provision shall be made for uninterrupted
release of environment flow. The recommended Environmental flow is given in Table-3.1
Table 3.1 Lean season flow (Dec-Feb) during 90% dependable year
Month Period Average flow (m3/s)
DEC
I 2.06 II 1.97 III 1.93
JAN
I 1.93 II 1.86 III 1.80
FEB
I 1.95 II 2.10 III 2.66
Minimum flow over lean season 1.80
CHAPTER-4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN LABOUR
CAMPS
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 4-1
CHAPTER-4
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN LABOUR CAMPS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The aggregation of large number of works and technical labour in the project area during the
construction of phase is likely to put considerable stress on the ecosystem of the area. The
aim of the EMP is to minimize these stresses. It should be made mandatory for the contractor
to provide adequate facilities at the labour camp which are described in the following
sections.
4.2 PROVISION OF HEATING
The contractor can make a block of two large rooms in which about 30-40 workers can stay.
Community toilets for each block can be constructed close by. During winter months, a
central heating system can also be provided, otherwise, workers will be forced to cut trees to
meet the fuel requirements to heat the water required for various uses.
4.3 PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLY
The water for drinking purpose is collected from the rivers or streams flowing upstream of
the labour camps. The water is stored in tanks and supplied for use. The water quality in
general is good and does not require any elaborate treatment. However, it is proposed to
disinfect the water prior to distribution. The settlements/ labour camps shall be placed
far from the drinking water sources.
4.4 SANITATION AND SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIES
One eight seat community toilet shall be provided per 20 persons. The sewage from the
community latrines can be treated in bio digester toilet. The treated effluent from sewage
treatment plant be disposed off in nearest water body. However, efforts shall be made to
ensure, that treated effluent is disposed only in these water bodies, which are not used
for meeting domestic water requirements.
The total construction time for the project is about 36 months. At peak construction phase,
there will be an increase in population by 560. To ensure that the sewage from the labour
camps do not pollute the river water, it has been estimated that about 28 community latrines
and a sewage treatment plant shall be commissioned for treatment. The total cost required
will be Rs. 70 lakh.
Table- 4.1: Cost estimate for sanitary facilities for labour camps S. No. Unit Rate (Rs./unit) Number Cost
(Rs. lakh) 1. Community latrines 50,000 28 14.0 2. Biodigester toilets 2,00,000 28 56.0 Total 70.0
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 4-2
4.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM LABOUR CAMPS
The labour colonies will be located at trench weir site, powerhouse and along water
conductor alignment. During construction phase, increase in population is expected to be
order of 560 including family members. The solid waste likely to be generated from labour
camps shall be of the order of 0.118 tonnes/day. The chemical characteristics of solid
waste generated are given in the following Table-4.2.
Table-4.2: Chemical characteristics of municipal waste Component Percentage by weight Moisture 19.52 Organic matter 25.14 Nitrogen (as Total Nitrogen) 0.66 Phosphorous (as P2OS) 0.56 Potassium (as K2O) 0.69
The composition of various waste materials is in the municipal refuse is detailed in Table-
4.3.
Table-4.3: Composition of waste material in municipal refuse Ingredient Percentage by weight (%) Paper 4.71 Rubber, Leather and synthetics 0.71 Glass 0.46 Metals 0.49 Total compostable matter 38.95 Inert matter 44.73 Others/ plastic 9.95 Total 100
Adequate facilities for collection, conveyance and disposal of solid waste will be
developed. The solid waste will be disposed at the designated landfill sites. The landfill
shall have impervious clay at the bottom most layer. The second layer shall be impervious
liner (Geomembrane), third layer will be of sand, after that well compacted solid waste is
to be put over the sand, then again a layer of clay, finally a layer of soil. Vegetation shall
be grown on the top most layers. It will give a good aesthetic view of landfill.
Various aspects of solid waste management include:
Reuse/Recycling Refuse storage Collection and Transportation Disposal
Reuse/Recycling
In order to reduce quantum of waste generated, project will reuse significant quantity
Muck (generated due to excavations) for backfilling, form work (in civil work) wherever
possible and will also reuse the packing materials received with packages etc.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 4-3
Project proponent will explore opportunity to recycle the waste generated at the project
site, in this context project will identify authorized vendors and send used batteries, used
oil, and used oil filters for recycling.
Bio- degradable waste will be disposed by composting and the manure generated will be
given to local community for cultivating vegetables and flowers.
Refuse storage
In the proposed project, labour camps are proposed to be located at three locations. In
each of the labour colony, provisions shall be made to separately store the degradable and
non-degradable solid waste.
Two different colored bins may be supplied to each labour family, who will segregate the
waste generated by their family. Green and Biodegradable waste is to be deposited in one
container and non-biodegradable waste in another container. In case of canteens, kitchens
also, two different colored dust-bins suitable to deposit the Biodegradable and non-
biodegradable waste generated in their unit shall be provided. A sustained awareness
programme will be conducted to educate workers about the segregation of degradable and
bio-degradable wastes.
Collection of Household Waste
Every day the tractor mounted trolleys will collect the waste at the door of each unit of
labour camp and colonies. Two workers and one Tractor Driver will be involved in
collection of waste. The trolleys will be provided with two compartments for depositing
segregated waste separately. Each worker will be allotted a fixed area. The collection will
be on regular pre-informed timings and the arrival will be informed through blowing a
whistle/horn. The solid waste so collected shall be disposed at a common storage point.
Two trucks will be commissioned to collect the solid waste and dispose the same at sites
designated for disposal of solid waste.
Disposal
The solid waste (about 0.118 t/day) such as plastic bottles, cans, etc. shall be segregated
and disposed off at separate sites identified by the district administration.
The details of landfill site are given as below:
Waste Generation 0.118 tonnes per day Design Life 3 years (construction phase) Total Waste Generation in 36 months 129 tonnes Length 10 m Width 7 m Depth of fill 5m
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
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A provision of 15% of the total area, for accommodating infrastructure facilities will be
included while working out requirement of space. The liner system will comprise of the
following layers below the waste:
0.30 m thick drainage layer comprising of coarse sand or gravel (stone dust with no fines)
0.2m thick protective layer of sandy silt 1.50mm thick HDPE geomembrane 1.0 m thick clay layer/amended soil layer, amended soil layer comprising of
local soil + bentonite is to be provided). The total cost required for solid waste management is estimated Rs. 46.9 lakh. The details
are given in Table-4.4.
Table-4.4: Cost estimate for solid waste management S. No. Item Cost (Rs. lakh)
1 Reclamation and stabilization cost of landfill and 11.0 2 One covered truck for conveyance of solid waste to landfill 15.0 3 Manpower cost for 03 persons @ Rs. 10000/ month for 36
As a part of EMP, following measures are proposed:
- Make a clause mandatory in the contract of every contractor involved in project construction to provide supply of fuel to their labourers, so that trees are not cut for meeting their fuel demands.
- Establish LPG godown within the project area for providing LPG cylinder to run community kitchens.
The project proponents in association with the state government should make necessary
arrangements for distribution of LPG. These fuel would be supplied at subsidized rates to the
local/contract laborers for which provision has been kept in the cost estimate.
The total cost required for provision of fuel has been estimated as Rs. 55.12 lakh. The details
are given in Table-4.5.
Table-4.5: Cost estimate for LPG distribution for labour population in construction phase Year No. of
Employees Annual requirement @1cylinder per family per 2 month (No. of cylinders)
Annual requirement @1cylinder per family per 2 month (No. of cylinders)
Total Cost @Rs. 1500/cylinder (Rs. lakh)
III 185 1110 20.15 Total 55.12
The contactor shall ensure the project proponent that labours population shall not face any
food scarcity. The contractor shall plan enough stocking of food grains in consultation with
project proponent and district administration.
4.7 FIRE PROTECTION IN LABOUR CAMP AND STAFF COLONIES
Construction of Camps etc. and placement of fire protection equipment
It has been planned that all facilities to be constructed shall be fully equipped with the
fire protection equipments as per IS standards. The analysis of fire hazard in the
construction of these camps, colonies and other facilities are outlined in Table-4.6.
Table-4.6: Analysis of fire hazard in labour camps, colonies and other facilities S. No. Stage Potential hazard Remedial Measures
1. Construction of Camp/colony
Fire prevention and fire fighting not considered in design
Inadequate fire
protection measures during construction
By Project Proponents While construction of Field hostels, Guest House/office and other facilities owned by Project Proponents, who shall provide the fire protection system as per IS Standards for Fire code.
Proper housekeeping will also be ensured and maintained during these facilities to protect them from any fire related incidents.
It will be ensured that the fire fighting equipments are placed at common place also including work place preferably within 15 meters of work place. By Contractors
Clear term of reference will be given to contractor at tendering stage for incorporating fire code as per IS Standard.
Fire fighting equipments will be placed at all common places ( within 15 meters of work place)
Maintenance of fire protection equipments as the safety measures thorough dedicated EHS Team.
During construction, it has been envisaged to set up full fledged Environment Health &
Safety (EHS) department reporting directly to Head of Project. This department shall also
take care of the adequacy of Fire Safety measures set up in all facilities created either
owned by project developer or any of its Contractors. . The EHS shall documents each and
every incident or accident during construction period. The reports shall be provided to the
designated officer from HPPCL for the onward action at their end. The analysis of
responsibility for this EHS team in respect of Fire protection system has been done as
outlined in Table-4.7.
Table-4.7: Analysis of responsibility of EHS team in respect of Fire Protection System S. No. Stage Potential hazard Remedial Measures 1. During
Occupation Fire incident due to
electrical short circuit/LPG Leakage/ Improper handling of flammable liquids/lack of precaution
Improper access to and from the location
In adequate fire fighting arrangements
Lack of Knowledge Lack communication Lack of Knowledge on
fighting fire and handling fire equipment
Inadequate Emergency response
Residential complex will be constructed as per the approved design and will be checked for completeness on fire aspect before allotment to residents
Each Block Colony/ camp will be provided with rated estimated trip off circuit braker will be installed on each block.
All residents are made aware of fire hazard by training, regular campaigns and by placing posters and signs
LPG Cylinders/Flammable liquids will store at designated storage area. The storage will be well protected, ventilated with adequate provision of fire equipments.
Each bloc of the colony will be provided with 10 kg DCP fire extinguishers.
Additionally fire point containing fire buckets, CO2 extinguishers, DCP Extinguisher will be provided at the common place covering four residential blocks in labour Camp.
Placement of written posters of preventive measures in each accommodation block
Regular EHS inspection of the camp site
Placement of placard of emergency numbers to be contacted in case of Emergency
Dedicated phone line will be provided in labour camps for effective communication.
Ensure proper access is maintained around and to the residential blocks
Identification of emergency Muster points at safe distance
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 4-7
Project In charge is responsible for implementation of plan through his authorized
representative on site. Site EHS Team shall monitor the implementation of plan and report
non compliance to site management.
Training of employees on fire prevention and fire fighting is important to prevent
occurrence of fire incident in project area. All employees will be given brief overview of
fire prevention, fire fighting procedure and response process at the time EHS Induction
training. Project proponent will also carry out regular campaigns on fire prevention around
the site.EHS Department is responsible for providing required training.
An approved EHS plan shall be included in the tender document for the contractor. The
approved plan shall include the code of conduct for all workers, technical staff.
Implementation of this plan will be mandatory for the contractors involved in construction
activities.
4.8 SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
With large scale increase in construction activity of river valley projects, the number of
major accidents during construction stage has increased. Further, increased construction
activity can also create construction related hazards for persons working on the projects. The
degree of safety achieved in project constructions has a direct bearing on the amount of
effort expanded to avoid accidents by those who control the conditions and practices on the
project. In order to avoid accidents it should be the overall responsibility of the project
authorities to provide measures for the safety of all persons working on the projects.
The standards laid down for the safety aspects should be taken during construction work.
Construction activities at the site of a hydro-electric project need to take care of safety
aspect for all the activities in general and for following critical activities in particular:
Storage, handling, transportation and operation of explosives required for
blasting and tunneling activities
Underground construction work including tunneling, excavation and other
related activities
Construction at heights
Fire safety aspects
Cross drainage construction work
Storage, handling, detection and safety measures for gases, chemicals and
flammable liquids
Movement of vehicles on construction site
All persons need to be made aware of the dangerous conditions and risks involved in their
activities. They should be trained to take necessary precautions for their own safety as well
as that of others working at site. This should typically involve following the Safe Operating
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 4-8
Procedure (SOP) wherever applicable, use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as
helmets, gloves, gum boots, safety harness, etc., remain active and alert without any
influence of alcohol or other intoxicating substances during working hours.
The safety requirement generally vary according to the type of structure, type of
construction methodology, type of strata encountered and number of men and type of
machinery deployed at site, therefore, it is important to develop site specific construction
safety procedures. Such SOPs need to be incorporated in letter and spirit and all the staff
involved need to be sensitized to the importance of safety and trained. A full time safety
manager, will be appointed by the project developer with duties of monitoring and audit
delegated to other staff members on safety aspects.
Apart from procuring the appropriate and adequate number of PPEs it is also important to
maintain sufficient number of first aid boxes and some volunteers trained in giving first aid
treatment. Further, the outsiders coming to site such as drivers, helpers, etc. also need to be
made aware of safety requirement of their activity. This can be achieved by putting posters
carrying safety instructions for the benefit of all and giving verbal instructions at the entry
point also.
The list of BIS Standards related to safety aspects during various stages of construction,
installation, erection of different components and appurtenance of river valley projects,
including inspection, observation and maintenance aspects from safety consideration are
given in Table-4.8.
Table-4.8: List of relevant BIS Standards IS No. Title 1 IS 10386
(Part 1):1983 Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 1 General aspects
2 IS 10386 (Part 2):1982
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 2 Amenities, protective clothing and equipment
3 IS 10386 (Part 3):1992
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects Part 3 Plant & machinery
4 IS 10386 (Part 4):1992
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects Part 4 Handling, transportation and storage of explosives
5 IS 10386 (Part 5):1992
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 5 Electrical aspects
6 IS 10386 (Part 6):1983
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 6 Construction
7 IS 10386 (Part 7):1993
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 7 Fire safety aspects
8 IS 10386 (Part 8):1995
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects Part 8 Excavation
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 4-9
IS No. Title 9 IS 10386
(Part 9):1998 Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects Part 9 Canals and cross drainage works
10 IS 10386 (Part 10):1983
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 10 Storage, handling, detection and safety measures for gases, chemicals and flammable liquids
4.9 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
The construction activities could lead to increased traffic due to plying of construction
vehicles. The following measures are recommended:
Locals will be informed about the construction schedule.
Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented
by providing adequate sign boards.
Upon project completion, quick clearance of debris, etc. will facilitate access by
customers to local business and residents to their households
Placement of traffic staff to facilitate easy of movement.
Two broad situations influence the planning for emergencies. The more common
event is a vehicle incident or breakdown which causes a degree of lane blockage,
and consequential restriction or even temporary loss of use of the roads. The
resulting delays may rapidly extend to the surrounding road network. Prompt
remedial action is then called for to restore free flow and minimise the congested
conditions that in themselves can aggravate the risk of further breakdown and/or
incidents.
The second situation involves collision and possible fire or explosion and is
potentially more dangerous and requires a rapid response from the emergency
services.
A total provision of Rs. 15.0 lakh has been earmarked for this purpose.
4.10 LABOUR AWARNESS PROGRAMME
The aggregation of large number of works and technical labour in the project area during the
construction phase increases their friction among the locals and themselves. The aim of the
EMP is to aware the workers and technical labour about the local cultures and diseases. It
should be made mandatory for the contractor to provide sufficient awareness and follow the
control measures for diseases and to respect the local culture and customs. The contractor
also facilitate for pre-test, post-test, follow-up, general and family counselling to workers
and technical staff coming to the Primary health Centre. A total provision of Rs. 7.0 lakh has
been earmarked for this purpose.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 4-10
4.11 DISPOSAL OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE
Debris generated during construction phase, pavement structure shall be suitably reused
in the proposed construction, subject to the suitability of the material and the approval of
the Engineer. The contractor shall suitably dispose off unutilized debris material; either
through filling up of borrow areas created for the project or at pre-designated dump
locations, subject to the approval of the Engineer. Debris generated construction activities
shall be disposed such that it does not flow into the river water.
4.12 BUDGET
A total provision of Rs. 194.02 lakh has been earmarked for implementation of various
measures in labour camps. The details are given in Table-4.10.
Table-4.10: Cost estimate for implementation of various measures in labour camps S. No. Fuel Cost (Rs. Lakh) 1. Sanitation facilities for labour camps 70.00 2. Solid waste management in labour camps 46.90 3. Fuel distribution 55.12 4. Traffic Management 15.00 4. Labour Awareness Programme 7.00 Total 194.02
4.13 IMPLEMENTING AGENCY
Various measures recommended in this chapter shall be included in the contract document of
the contractor involved in construction activities. The implementation of these measures
shall be monitored by the project proponents.
CHAPTER-5 PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 5-1
CHAPTER-5
PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The construction of the proposed Chanju III hydroelectric project shall involve many
diversified activities and require a large number of labors. The change in population
density through immigrants/influx may cause new health problems in this region. People
may carry different types of contagious diseases if any spread in locality. Influx of human
work force may also bring stress on available drinking water sources and sanitary facilities.
The additional domestic sewage generated may cause drinking water contamination
resulting in spread of enteric diseases, if not taken proper precautionary measures.
5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL FACILITIES
A population of about 560 is likely to congregate during the construction phase. The labour
population will be concentrated at two or three sites.
It is recommended that necessary medical facilities be developed at the project site. It is
recommended that the dispensary should be developed during project construction phase
itself, so that it can serve the labour population migrating in the area as well as the local
population.
The details of manpower, infrastructure requirement for this dispensary are given as
below.
Manpower
Doctor : 1
Qualification : M.B.B.S./ M.D
1 doctor shall be employed in the dispensary and will reside in the staff quarters adjacent
to the dispensary. The para-medical staff required for assistance to these doctors is given
in Table-5.1.
Table-5.1: Details of Para-medical staff for dispensary Para medical staff Number Auxiliary Nurse 1 Male Multipurpose Health worker 2 Attendants 2 Driver 2 Total 7
Infrastructure
A building shall be constructed to provide basic preventive, promotive and curative
services to the labour colony with facilities for maternal and child health services, control
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 5-2
of communicable diseases and medical care for minors. The building should have a waiting
hall where 30-40 people can sit. The building would have place for the following:
- Two rooms for doctors - One room for staff - Two rooms for stores - One general ward to accommodate 10 beds - One minor operation theater/ dressing room - One garrage with space for three vehicle
Residential accommodation is to be provided to the essential staff in the campus.
Proposed Health Facilities at Construction sites and labour camp
It is possible that during the construction work, the technical staffs operating different
equipment are not only exposed to the physical strain of work but also to the physical
effects of the environment in which they are working. The workers and other technical
staff may come up with common manifestations such as insect bites, fever, diarrhea, work
exhaustion and other diseases. In addition they may invariably come up with injuries
caused by accidents at work site. Under all circumstances, workers need immediate
medical care.
A first-aid post is to be provided at each of the major construction sites, so that workers
are immediately attended to in case of an injury or accident. This first-aid post will have
at least the following facilities:
- First aid box with essential medicines including ORS packets - First aid appliances-splints and dressing materials - Stretcher, wheel chair, etc.
Health Extension Activities
The health extension activities will have to be carried out in the villages situated in the
nearby areas. It is important to inculcate hygienic habits of environmental sanitation
specially with respect to water pollution by domestic wastes. There would be possibility of
the transmission of communicable diseases due to migration of labour population from
other areas at the construction site.
The doctors from the dispensary should make regular visits to these villages and organize
health promotional activities with the active participation of the local village Panchayat,
NGOs and available local health functionaries. The health functionaries would undertake
the following tasks as a part of health promotional activities:
- Collect water samples to ascertain the portability of water from different sources
so as to monitor regular disinfection of drinking water sources.
- Maintain close surveillance on incidence of communicable diseases in these
villages.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 5-3
- Maintain close liaison with the community leaders and health functionaries of
different departments, so that they can be mobilized in case of an emergency.
5.3 COST ESTIMATES
The cost required for implementation of various public health measures shall be Rs.204.43
lakh. The details are given in the following paragraphs:
A. Expenditure on salaries
Dispensary --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Post Number Monthly Annual Emoluments (Rs.) Expenditure (Rs.) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Doctor 1 100,000 12,00,000 Nurse 1 30,000 3,60,000 Male Multi-purpose 2 30,000 7,20,000 Health Workers Attendants 2 12,000 2,88,000 Drivers 2 12,000 2,88,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 28,56,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First Aid Posts
Health Assistants 2 20,000 4,80,000 Dressers 2 12,000 2,88,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 7,68,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Expenditure = Rs.36,24,000
B. Expenditure on Material and Supplies
Dispensary
Non-recurring
i) 2 Vehicles (Closed Jeep) Rs. 20,00,000 ii) Furniture, etc. Rs. 2,00,000 iii) Hospital equipment Rs. 10,00,000 iv) Ambulance 1 No. and their maintenance for Rs. 20,00,000 four years ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total Rs. 52,00,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Recurring
i) Drugs and Medicine, Rs. 5,00,000/yr ii) Contingencies Rs. 200,000/yr iii) 2 First-Aid Posts at construction sites Rs. 100,000/yr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Rs. 8,00,000/yr
Intermediate Adit to Pressure Shaft, Pressure Shaft.
1601 720.45 2321.45 928.58 1392.87
Pressure Shaft, Power House, Road
18378 8270.10 26648.10 10659.24 15988.86
Total 120170.49 Source: HPPCL
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited
6-2
It is clear from Table-6.1, that total `1.20 lakh m3 of muck needs to be disposed. Most of
the area, identified for dumping is planned on the banks of nearest drainage and away
from river HFL. The identified areas are mostly gradually sloping near river bank. The
drainage side bank of the area will be properly protected and stabilized with Gabions/
Retaining Walls of suitable designed sections. The details of muck disposal areas and
capacities are given in Table-6.2.
Table-6.2: Muck Disposal Sites and Capacities S.No. Muck dumping site Capacity (m3) 1 Dumping Site I 17789.00 2 Dumping Site II 13975 3 Dumping Site III 6944 4 Dumping Site IV 12719 5 Dumping Site V 20515 6 Dumping Site VI 18798 7 Dumping Site VII 16936 8 Dumping Site VIII 4930 9 Dumping Site IX 2096 10 Dumping Site X 17100 Total 131802
Source: HPPCL The capacity of various muck disposal sites is 1.32 lakh m3, hence capacity of the dumping
area is sufficient to accommodate the muck generated from the project.
Muck, if not securely transported and dumped at pre-designated sites, can have serious
environmental impacts, such as:
Muck, if not disposed properly, can be washed away into the main river which
can cause negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystem of the river.
Muck disposal can lead to impacts on various aspects of environment.
Normally, the land is cleared before muck disposal. During clearing operations,
trees are cut, and undergrowth perishes as a result of muck disposal.
In many of the sites, muck is stacked without adequate stabilisation measures.
In such a scenario, the muck moves along with runoff and creates landslide like
situations. Many a times, boulders/large stone pieces enter the river/water
body, affecting the benthic fauna, fisheries and other components of aquatic
biota.
Normally muck disposal is done at low lying areas, which get filled up due to
stacking of muck. This can sometimes affect the natural drainage pattern of the
area leading to accumulation of water or partial flooding of some area.
The dumping of muck will be done in the scientific manner by providing appropriate
protection walls with deep foundations so that muck will not flow and washed away in the
river. Masonry work, crate work and check dam will also be provided wherever necessary
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited
6-3
in order to avoid the chances of soil erosion and to ensure flow of silt, free water. Besides
these engineering measures, proper plantation will be done at the dumping sites for
reclamation of the dumping areas.
Muck generally lacks nutrients and therefore, are difficult to re-vegetate. However, if no
attempts to vegetate the slopes are made, the muck could slide lower down during rain
and may eventually wash off the check dams also. Since, top soils are not available in
large quantities in Himalayas; it may not be possible to apply a thin layer of soil over the
muck.
The unused excavated material shall be piled and stacked with proper slopes at the
designated muck disposal sites. The slopes are broken up by creating benches across them.
This is done to provide stability to the slopes and also to provide ample space for planting
of trees that would further help in holding and consolidating biotechnological approach.
Some of the muck dumping sites shall be used for temporary infrastructure works during
construction phase. On completion of construction activities, the same shall be used for
Greenbelt Development. The cross-section of muck disposal sites is given in Figures-6.1 to
6.10.
The afforestation with suitable plant species shall be done. The species to be planted shall
be decided by the forest Department, state government of Himachal Pradesh.
6.3 BUDGET
The total expenditure required for stabilization of muck disposal sites has been estimated
to be of the order of Rs. 248.0 lakh. The details are given in Table-6.3.
Table-6.3: Break-up of cost for stabilization of muck disposal sites S. No. Item (Rs. lakh)
1 Construction of muck retaining structure along river banks @ Rs. 20 lakh per muck disposal site for ten muck disposal sites
200.0
2 Preparation of muck disposal site@ Rs. 10.0 lakh/ha for 3 ha
30.0
3 Provision of 15 cm soil layer over an area of 3 ha @ Rs. 5.0 lakh/ha
15.0
4 Development of vegetation over an area of 3 ha@ Rs. 1.0 lakh/ha
3.0
Total 248.0
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CHAPTER-7 RESTORATION AND LANDSCAPING OF
CONSTRUCTION SITES
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS limited 7-1
CHAPTER-7
RESTORATION AND LANDSCAPING OF CONSTRUCTION SITES
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The landscape and restoration plan targets towards overall improvement in the condition
of the area. The landscape plan provides benefits to improve beautification and its utility.
All the activities are aimed at restoring the areas where scars would be formed. The
restoration would prevent soil erosion enhance forest cover and stabilize degraded areas.
7.2 QUARRYING OPERATIONS
River Bed Material for Aggregates
For the construction purpose river bed materials shall be utilized. During the construction
phase a large quantity of construction material like stones, pebbles, gravel and sand would
be needed. Significant amount of material is available in the river bed. It is proposed to
extract construction material from borrow areas in the river bed. The extraction of
construction material may affects the river water quality due to increase in the turbidity
levels. This is mainly because the dredged material gets released during one or all the
operations mentioned below:
excavation of material from the river bed. loss of material during transport to the surface. overflow from the dredger while loading loss of material from the dredger during transportation.
The cumulative impact of all the above operations is increase in turbidity levels. Good
dredging practices can however, minimize turbidity. It has also been observed that slope
collapse is the major factor responsible for increase in the turbidity levels. If the depth of cut
is too high, there is possibility of slope collapse, which releases a sediment cloud. This will
further move outside the suction radius of dredged head. In order to avoid this typical
situation, the depth of cut be restricted to:
H/C < 5.5
where, - unit weight of the soil
H - depth of soil C - Cohesive strength of soil
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS limited 7-2
7.3 RESTORATION OF QUARRY SITES
Measures to be adopted before quarrying
The top 6- removed before starting the quarrying activity or any other
surface disturbance. This top soil will be kept separate and stock piled so that it can be
reused after quarrying is over for rehabilitation of sites.
Measures to be adopted after quarrying
- Diversion of run off
Effective drainage system will be provided to avoid the infiltration of run-off and surface
waters into the ground of quarry sites.
- Filling of depressions
Removal of rocks from quarry sites for different construction works will result in the
formation of depression and/or craters. These will be filled by the dumping materials
consisting of boulders, rock, gravel and soil from nearby plant/working sites.
- Construction of retaining walls
Retaining walls will be constructed at the filled up depressions of quarry sites to provide
necessary support particularly where there are moderately steep slopes.
- Rocks for landscaping
After the quarrying activities are over, these sites will be splattered with the leftovers of
rocks and boulders. These boulders and rocks can support the growth of mosses and
lichens, which will act as ecological pioneers and initiate the process of succession and
colonization. The boulders of moderate size will be used to line the boundary of a path.
- Laying of the top soil
The depressions/craters filled up with rock aggregates will be covered with top soil.
Fungal spores naturally present in top soil will aid plant growth and natural plant
succession. The top soil will be further enriched by organic manure and Vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. This will help in the process of soil reclamation and
the early establishment of juvenile seedlings.
- Revegetation
Biological and Bio-
Evaluation of rock material for their physical and chemical properties to assess the
nutrient status to support vegetation.
Formulation of appropriate blends of organic waste and soil to enhance the
nutrient status of rhizosphere.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS limited 7-3
Isolation and screening of specialized strains of mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium,
azotobacter and phosphate solubilizers (bio-fertilizers inoculums) suitable for the
mined out sites.
Mass culture of plant specific biofertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi to be procured
from different institutions/organisations which are engaged in the phyto-
remediation activity of degraded areas.
Plantation at quarry sites/areas using identified blend and biofertilizer inoculum.
The estimated cost for the restoration works and landscape designing would be Rs. 96.00
lacs and details of the same are given in Table-7.1.
Table-7.1: Cost estimates for landscaping and restoration works
S. No. Item of Work Cost (Rs.lakh)
A Pre-construction measures Removal of top soil, transportation and stock piling 15.00
B Post-construction restoration measures I Diversion channels 7.00
Ii Retaining walls 10.00 Iii Filling of the craters 2.50 Iv Preparation of mounds 2.50
C. Reclamation and Phytoremediation i) Field works: - Collection of microflora from the field 9.00 - Nursery development 5.00 - Plantation and maintenance of successfully colonized
seedlings 5.00
ii) Laboratory Works: 40.00
Selection, culturing and maintenance of strains, Preparation of mother cultures, and Confirmation of successful colonization
Total (A+B+C) 96.00 7.4 LANDSCAPING AND RESTORATION PLAN
Area for landscaping
The working area of weir site, power house complex colony area have been selected for
beautification of the project area after construction is over. The beautification would be
carried out by developing flowering beds for plantation ornamental plant and flower
garden.
There would be sufficient open space in power house complex and colony area. Forested
area in the power house complex would provide aesthetic view and add to natural scenic
beauty. The beautification in the colony area would be carried out by development of
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS limited 7-4
flowering beds for plantation of ornamental plant, creepers, flower garden and a small
park, construction of benches for sitting, resting sheds, walk way and fountain.
A provision of Rs. 20.0 lakh has been earmarked for landscaping and beautification of the
area.
7.5 BUDGET
A total provision of Rs.116.0 lakh has been earmarked for restoration of quarries,
reclamation of construction sites landscaping and beautification. The details are given in
Table-7.2.
Table-7.2: Cost estimate for restoration and reclamation of construction sites and quarries S. No. Fuel Cost (Rs. lakh) 1. Restoration of quarries 96.0 2. Reclamation of construction sites 20.0 Total 116.0
CHAPTER-8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ROAD
CONSTRUCTION
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 8-1
CHAPTER-8
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
8.1 INTRODUCTION
ACCESS ROADS
The project area is approachable by Chamba-Tissa state highway up to Nakror and from
there by Nakror-Bagaugarh-Dantoi all-weather metalled road up to Bagaugarh and from
Baghougarh up to Dantoi village through Kutcha road. A link road has to be constructed
from Dantoi village to trench weir site and from Bagaugarh-Dantoi road from near Jakhla
village to Power house site.
PROJECT ROADS
The nearest road head available is at Dantoi village on the right bank of Chanju Nallah and
about 3.9 km road length is proposed to be constructed for the accessibility of sites. Since
the project area upstream is dense forest land and the project components are small it is
proposed to construct ropeways to various project components sites to transport the
construction material. It is proposed to construct ropeways to forebay site, adit site and
intake site for the transport of material and machinery during construction.
8.2 IMPACTS DUE TO CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS
The construction of roads can lead to the following impacts:
The topography of the project area has steep slope, which descends rapidly into
narrow valleys. The conditions can give rise to erosion hazards due to net downhill
movement of soil aggregates.
Removal of trees on slopes and re-working of the slopes in the immediate vicinity
of roads can encourage landslides, erosion gullies, etc. With the removal of vegetal
cover, erosive action of water gets pronounced and accelerates the process of soil
erosion and formation of deep gullies. Consequently, the hill faces are bared of soil
vegetative cover and enormous quantities of soil and rock can move down the
rivers, and in some cases, the road itself may get washed out.
Construction of new roads increases the accessibility of a hitherto undisturbed
areas resulting in greater human interferences and subsequent adverse impacts on
the ecosystem.
Increased air pollution during construction phase.
8.3 MANAGEMENT MEASURES
The approach roads will have to be constructed as a part of the access to the construction
site. In a hilly environment, construction of roads sometime disturbs the scenic beauty of
the area. In addition, landslides are often triggered due to road construction because of
the loosening of rocks by water trickling from various streams.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
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Steeply sloping banks are liable to landslides, which can largely be controlled by provision
of suitable drainage. The basic principle is to intercept and divert as much water as
possible, before it arrives at a point, where it becomes a nuisance. The other erosion
hazard is that of surface erosion of the bank, which is best controlled by vegetation.
However, in a steeply sloping terrain, difficulty lies in growing vegetation on steeply
sloping banks. Engineering solutions such as surface drainage, sub-surface drainage, toe
protection and rock bolting can be used. Landslides can be stabilized by several methods-
engineering or bioengineering measures alone or a combination of these. The cost
required for implementation of various measures has already been incorporated in the
overall budget earmarked for construction of roads.
In hilly terrain, road construction often generates significant quantity of wastes (muck)
due to the stripping of the rocks to make way for the roads. The stripped muck is
generally cleared by dumping the material along the slopes. These dumped material
finally flow down to the valleys and ultimately finds its way to the river. However, it is
recommended to adopt a more systematic approach. The stripped material should be
collected and dumped in the designated muck disposal area, which will have check dams
to prevent the muck to flow down into the river. After disposal operation is complete at
the dump site, the dump yard should be contoured and vegetated.
The various aspects to be considered while making the project roads are briefly described
in the following paragraphs.
Construction
Area for clearing and grubbing shall be kept minimum subject to the technical
requirements of the road. The clearing area shall be properly demarcated to save
desirable trees and shrubs and to keep tree cutting to the minimum.
Where erosion is likely to be a problem, clearing and grubbing operations shall be so
scheduled and performed that grading operations and permanent erosion control of
features can follow immediately thereafter, if the project conditions permit;
otherwise temporary erosion control measures shall be provided between successive
construction stages. Under no circumstances, however, should very large surface area
of erodible earth material be exposed at any one time by clearing and grubbing.
The method of balanced cut and fill formation shall be adopted to avoid large
difference in cut and fill quantities.
The cut slopes shall be suitably protected by breast walls, provision of flat stable
slopes, construction of catch water and intercepting drains, treatment of slopes and
unstable areas above and underneath the road, etc.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
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Where rock blasting is involved, controlled blasting techniques shall be adopted to
avoid over-shattering of hill faces.
Excavated material should not be thrown haphazardly but dumped duly dressed up in a
suitable form at appropriate places where it cannot get easily washed away by rain,
and such spoil deposits may be duly trapped or provided with some vegetative cover.
Drainage
Drainage of the water from hill slopes and road surface is very important. All artificial
drains shall be linked with the existing natural drainage system.
Surface drains shall have gentle slopes. Where falls in levels are to be negotiated,
check dams with silting basins shall be constructed and that soil is not eroded and
carried away by high velocity flows.
Location and alignment of culverts should also be so chosen as to avoid severe erosion
at outlets and siltation at inlets.
Grassing and Planting
Tree felling for road construction/works should be kept bare minimum and strict
control must be exercised in consultation with the Forest Department. Equivalent
amount of new trees should be planted as integral part of the project within the
available land and if necessary, separate additional land may be acquired for this
purpose.
Depending on the availability of land and other resources, afforestation of roadside
land should be carried out to a sufficient distance on either side of the road.
The existing and proposed access road for the project site is given in Figure-8.1. 8.4 BUDGET
An amount of Rs. 37.0 lakh has been earmarked for implementation of measures to
mitigate adverse impacts due to construction of roads. The details are given in Table-8.1.
Table-8.1: Details of expenditure for implementation of measures for management of Impacts due to construction of roads S. No. Item Cost
(Rs. lakh) 1. Clearing of land 7.00 2. Provision of breast walls, construction of catch water and
interceptor drains 12.0
3. Provision of drainage system along roads 12.0 4. Roadside plantation, Jute matting etc. 6.0 Total 37.00
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CHAPTER-9 CONTROL OF AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-1
CHAPTER-9
CONTROL OF AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION
9.1 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY
In a water resources project, air pollution occurs mainly during project construction phase.
The major sources of air pollution during construction phase are:
Fuel combustion in various construction equipment, e.g. crushers, drillers, rock bolters, diesel generating vehicles, etc.
Fugitive emissions from crusher Impacts due to vehicular movement
a) Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
The operation of various construction equipment requires of combustion of fuel. Normally,
diesel is used in such equipment. The major pollutant, which gets emitted as a result of
diesel combustion is SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash content. Based on
past experience in similar projects, SPM and SO2 are not expected to increase significantly.
Thus, in the proposed project, no significant impact on ambient air quality is expected as a
result of operation of various construction equipment.
b) Emissions from crusher
The operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to generate fugitive
emissions, which can move even up to 1 km in predominant wind direction. During
construction phase, During construction phase, one crusher at Weir Site of Deothal HEP and
one crusher at confluence of Tanger and Deothal Nallah is likely to be commissioned. During
crushing operations, fugitive emissions comprising of the suspended particulate will be
generated. There could be marginal impacts to settlements close to the sites at which
crusher is commissioned. However, based on past experience, adverse impacts on this
account are not anticipated. However, during finalizing the project layout, it should be
ensured that the labour camps, colonies, etc. are located on the leeward side and outside
the impact zone (about 1.5 to 2 km) of the crushers.
c) Impacts due to vehicular movement
During construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement for transportation
of various construction materials to the project site. Large quantity of dust is likely to be
entrained due to the movement of trucks and other heavy vehicles. However, such ground
level emissions do not travel for long distances. Thus, no major adverse impacts are
anticipated on this account.
9.2 MITIGATION MEASURES
a) Control of Emissions
Minor air quality impacts will be caused by emissions from construction vehicles,
equipment and DG sets and emissions from transportation traffic. Frequent truck trips will
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-2
be required during the construction period for removal of excavated material and delivery
of select concrete and other equipment and materials. The following measures are
recommended to control air pollution:
Contractor will be responsible for maintaining properly functioning construction
equipment to minimize exhaust.
Construction equipment and vehicles will be turned off when not used for extended
periods of time.
Unnecessary idling of construction vehicles to be prohibited.
Effective traffic management to be undertaken to avoid significant delays in and
around the project area.
Road damage caused by sub-project activities will be promptly attended to with
proper road repair and maintenance work.
b) Air Pollution control due to DG sets
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued emission limits for generators upto
800 KW. The same are outlined in Table-9.1, and are recommended to be followed.
Table-9.1: Emission limits for DG sets prescribed by CPCB Parameter Emission limits (gm/kwhr) NOx 9.2 HC 1.3 CO 2.5 PM 0.3 Smoke limit* 0.7 Note : * Light absorption coefficient at full load (m-1)
The above standards needs to followed by the contractor operating the DG sets. The other
measures are recommended as below:
Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment should be decided
keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect
nearby residential areas.
Stack height of DG sets to be kept in accordance with CPCB norms, which prescribes
the minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set to be calculated
using the following formula:
H = Total height of stack in metre
h = Height of the building in metres where the generator set is installed
KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
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c) Dust Control
Dust Control
The project authorities will work closely with representatives from the community living in
the vicinity of project area to identify areas of concern and to mitigate dust-related
impacts effectively (e.g., through direct meetings, utilization of construction management
and inspection program, and/or through the complaint response program). To minimize
issues related to the generation of dust during the construction phase of the project, the
following measures have been identified:
Identification of construction limits (minimal area required for construction
activities).
When practical, excavated spoils will be removed as the contractor proceeds along
the length of the activity.
When necessary, stockpiling of excavated material will be covered or staged offsite
location with muck being delivered as needed during the course of construction.
Excessive soil on paved areas will be sprayed (wet) and/or swept and unpaved
areas will be sprayed and/or mulched. The use of petroleum products or similar
products for such activities will be strictly prohibited.
Contractors will be required to cover stockpiled soils and trucks hauling soil, sand,
and other loose materials (or require trucks to maintain at least two feet of
freeboard).
Contractor shall ensure that there is effective traffic management at site. The
number of trucks/vehicles to move at various construction sites to be fixed. One
person will be earmarked for this purpose.
Dust sweeping - The construction area and vicinity (access roads, and working
areas) shall be swept with water sweepers on a daily basis or as necessary to
ensure there is no visible dust. Three sweepers will be earmarked for this purpose
d) Pollution due to Fuel Combustion in DG sets
Major fuel consumption is diesel for DG sets which meet power requirement during
construction phase. As this power requirement will be executed through a number
of DG sets installed at different construction sites, colonies and workshops.
Operation of DG sets and other construction equipments requires combustion of
diesel. The major pollutant which gets emitted as a result of combustion of diesel
is SO2. The SPM emissions are generally not significant; however, amount depends
upon quality of fuel used.
To reduce the impact of air emissions from DG sets, it is important to have
adequate stack height of these DG sets to provide for plume dispersion and reduce
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 9-4
the impact on receptors. Minimum stack height will be worked out based on
capacity of DG sets as per the following formula:
H = h+0.2
Where, H = Total height of stack in meter h = Height of the building in meter where the generator set is installed KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA
These stacks form part of the DG assembly including the acoustic housing to control
sound levels, hence their cost is not included in the EMP cost.
9.3 BUDGET FOR CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
An amount of Rs. 47.88 lakh is earmarked for air pollution control. The details are given in
Table-9.2.
Table-9.2: Cost estimate for implementation of air pollution control measures S. No. Activity Cost (Rs. lakh)
1 Repair of roads during construction phase 30.00 2 Hiring of 1 water tanker @ Rs. 15,000 per month for 3
years including 10% escalation per year 5.96
3 3 sweepers @ Rs.10,000 per month for 3 years including 10% escalation per year
11.92
Total 47.88
9.4 MEASURES FOR NOISE CONTROL
In a water resource projects, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected only during
the project construction phase, due to earth moving machinery, etc. Likewise, noise due to
quarrying, blasting, vehicular movement will have some adverse impacts on the ambient
noise levels in the area.
a) Control of noise from construction equipment
The contractors will be required to maintain properly functioning equipment and comply with
occupational safety and health standards. The construction equipment will be required to
use available noise suppression devices and properly maintained mufflers.
vehicles to be equipped with mufflers recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer.
staging of construction equipment and unnecessary idling of equipment within
noise sensitive areas to be avoided whenever possible.
notification will be given to residents within 100 m of major noise generating
activities. The notification will describe the noise abatement measures that
will be implemented.
monitoring of noise levels will be conducted during the construction phase of
the project. In case of exceeding of pre-determined acceptable noise levels by
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
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the machinery will require the contractor(s) to stop work and remedy the
situation prior to continuing construction.
b) Control of noise from DG sets
The following Noise Standards for DG sets are recommended for the running of DG sets during
the construction:
The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator sets with
rated capacity upto 1000 KVA shall be 75 dB(A) at 1 m from the enclosure surface.
Noise from the DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by
treating the enclosure acoustically.
The Acoustic Enclosure should be made of CRCA sheets of appropriate thickness
and structural/ sheet metal base. The walls of the enclosure should be insulated
with fire retardant foam so as to comply with the 75 dBA at 1m sound levels
specified by CPCB, Ministry of Environment & Forests.
The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for
minimum 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards,
whichever is on the higher side.
The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler.
Proper efforts to be made to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside
its premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper siting and control
measures.
A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be
set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help
prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.
c) Control of Noise from crusher
Based on literature review, noise generated by a crusher is in the range of 79-80 dB(A) at a
distance of 250 ft or about 75 m from the crusher. Thus, noise level at a distance of 2 m
from the crusher shall be of the order of 110 dB(A). The exposure to labour operating in
such high noise areas shall be restricted upto 30 minutes on a daily basis. Alternatively,
the workers need to be provided with ear muffs or plugs, so as to attenuate the noise level
near the crusher by atleast 15 dB(A). The exposure to noise level in such a scenario to be
limited upto 4 hours per day.
It is known that continuous exposure to noise levels above 90 dB(A) affects the hearing of
the workers/operators and hence has to be avoided. Other physiological and
psychological effects have also been reported in literature, but the effect on hearing
acuity has been specially stressed. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by
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international specialist organizations that the exposure period of affected persons be
limited as specified in Table-9.3.
Table-9.3: Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA Maximum equivalent continuous noise level dB(A)
Unprotected exposure period per day for 8 hrs/day and 5 days/week
90 8 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 ½ 115 ¼
120 No exposure permitted at or above this level
9.5 IMPLEMENTING AGENCY
The above referred management measures shall be implemented by the Contractor
involved in construction phase. The same shall be monitored on a regular basis by the
project proponents.
CHAPTER-10 CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-1
CHAPTER -10
CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN
10.1 NEED FOR CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT
It is a well-established fact that reservoirs formed by dams on rivers are subjected to
sedimentation. The process of sedimentation embodies the sequential processes of
erosion, entrainment, transportation, deposition and compaction of sediment. The study
of erosion and sediment yield from catchments is of utmost importance as the deposition
of sediment in reservoir reduces its capacity, and thus affecting the water availability for
the designated use. The eroded sediment from catchment when deposited on streambeds
and banks causes braiding of river reach. The removal of top fertile soil from catchment
adversely affects the agricultural production. Thus, a well-designed Catchment Area
Treatment (CAT) Plan is essential to ameliorate the above-mentioned adverse process of
soil erosion.
Soil erosion may be defined as the detachment and transportation of soil. Water is the
major agent responsible for this erosion. In many locations, winds, glaciers, etc. also
cause soil erosion. In a hilly catchment area, as in the present case, erosion due to water
is a common phenomenon and the same has been studied as a part of the CAT Plan. Soil
erosion leads to: Loss in production potential Reduction in infiltration rates Reduction in water-holding capacity Loss of nutrients Increase in tillage operation costs Reduction in water supply
The CAT plan highlights the management techniques to control erosion in the catchment
area of a water resource project. The life span of a reservoir is greatly reduced due to
erosion in the catchment area. Adequate preventive measures are thus needed for the
treatment of catchment for its stabilization against future erosion. The intermediate
catchment at Chanju Nallah is 54.91 sq. km and catchment area at Mahed Nallah is 30.50
sq km. The total Area considered for Catchment Area treatment is 85.41 sq. km. The sub-
watersheds in the catchment area considered for the present study are given in Figure-
10.1
The catchment area treatment involves:
Understanding of the erosion characteristics of the terrain and, Suggesting remedial measures to reduce the erosion rate.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-2
Figure-10.1: Drainage map for catchment area of Chanju-III HEP
In the present study ` (SYI), method has been used. In this method, the
terrain is subdivided into various watersheds and the erodibility is determined on relative
basis. SYI provides a comparative erodibility criteria of catchment (low, moderate, high,
etc.) and do not provide the absolute silt yield. SYI method is widely used mainly because
of the fact that it is easy to use and has lesser data requirement. Moreover, it can be
applied to larger areas like sub-watersheds, etc.
10.2 APPROACH FOR THE STUDY
A detailed database on natural resources, terrain conditions, soil type of the catchment
area, socio-economic status, etc. is a pre-requisite to prepare treatment plan keeping in
view the concept of sustainable development. Various thematic maps have been used in
preparation of the CAT plan. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computerized
resource data base system, which is referenced to some geographic coordinate system. In
the present study, real coordinate system has been used. The GIS is a tool to store,
analyze and display various spatial data. In addition, GIS, because of its special hardware
and software characteristics, has a capacity to perform numerous functions and operations
on the various spatial data layers residing in the database. GIS provides the capability to
analyze large amounts of data in relation to a set of established criteria. In order to
ensure that latest and accurate data is used for the analysis, satellite data has been used
for deriving land use data. Ground truth studies, too, have been conducted.
The various steps, covered in the study, are as follows: Definition of the problem Data acquisition and preparation Output presentation
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-3
The above mentioned steps are briefly described in the following paragraphs:
10.2.1 Definition of the Problem
The requirements of the study were defined and the expected outputs were finalized. The
various data layers of the catchment area to be used for the study are as follows: Slope Map Soil Map Land use Classification Map Current Management Practices Catchment Area Map.
10.2.2 Data Acquisition and Preparation The data available from various sources has been collected. The ground maps, contour
information, etc. were scanned, digitized and registered as per the requirement. Data was
prepared depending on the level of accuracy required and any corrections required were
made. All the layers were geo-referenced and brought to a common scale (real co-
ordinates), so that overlay could be performed. A computer program using standard
modeling techniques was used to estimate the soil loss. The formats of outputs from each
layer were firmed up to match the formats of inputs in the program. The grid size to be
used was also decided to match the level of accuracy required, the data availability and
the software and time limitations. Ground truthing and data collection was also included
in the procedure.
For the present study, IRS P6-LISS IVFMX, Path 094, Row 048, Sub Scene A dated
03.01.2014 digital satellite data was used for interpretation & classification. The data has
been procured in raw digital format and has been geo-referenced using Survey of India
topographical sheets with the help of standard data preparation techniques in standard
image processing software. The interpretation of geo-referenced satellite data has been
done using standard enhancement techniques, ground checks and experiences of qualified
professionals. A detailed ground truth verification exercise has been undertaken as a part
of field survey to enrich the image interpretation process. The classified land use map of
the free draining catchment area, considered for the study, is enclosed as Figure-10.2.
The land use pattern of the catchment area is summarized in Table-10.1.
Derived contours from topographical maps were used for preparation of Digital Elevation
Model (DEM) of the free draining catchment area and to prepare a slope map. The first
step in generation of slope map is to create surface using the elevation values stored in
the form of contours or points. After marking the catchment area, all the contours on the
topographical maps were derived. The output of the digitisation procedure was the
contours as well as points contours in form of x, y & z points. (x, y - location and z - their
elevation). All this information was in real world co-ordinates (latitude, longitude and
height in meters above sea level).
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-4
Table 10.1: Land use classification for catchment intercepted at weir Land use/Land cover Area (ha) Area (%)
River/ Water Body 34 0.39 Alpine Scrub 1172 13.72 Snow 3716 43.51 Vegetation 239 2.79 Barren Land 2226 26.06 Settlements 1154 13.51 Terrace Farming 1 0.01
Total 8541 100.00
A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the area was then prepared, which was used to derive a
slope map. The slope was divided in classes of slope percentages. The slope map is
enclosed as Figure-10.3.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-5
Figure-10.2: Land Use Map for catchment area of Chanju-III HEP
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-6
Figure-10.3: Slope Map for catchment area of Chanju-III HEP
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-7
10.3 ESTIMATION OF SOIL LOSS USING SILT YIELD INDEX (SYI) METHOD
In ` , method, the terrain is subdivided into various watersheds and
the erodibility is determined on relative basis. SYI provides a comparative erodibility
criteria of catchment (low, moderate, high, etc.) and do not provide the absolute silt yield.
SYI method is widely used mainly because of the fact that it is easy to use and has lesser
data requirement. Moreover, it can be applied to larger areas like sub-watersheds, etc.
The SYI model, considering sedimentation as product of erosivity, erodibility and arial
extent was conceptualized in the All India Soil and Land Use Survey (AISLUS) as early as
1969 and has been in operational use since then to meet the requirements of prioritization
of smaller hydrologic units within river valley project catchment areas.
The erosivity determinants are the climatic factors and soil and land attributes that have
direct or reciprocal bearing on the unit of the detached soil material. The relationship can
be expressed as:
Soil erosivity = f (Climate, physiography, slope, soil parameters, land use/land cover, soil
management)
Silt Yield Index
SYI is defined as the Yield per unit area and SYI value for hydrologic unit is obtained by
taking the weighted arithmetic mean over the entire area of the hydrologic unit by using
suitable empirical equation.
Prioritization of Watersheds/Sub-watersheds
The prioritization of smaller hydrologic units within the vast catchments is based on the SYI
of the smaller units. The boundary values or range of SYI values for different priority
categories are arrived at by studying the frequency distribution of SYI values and locating
the suitable breaking points. The watersheds/ sub-watersheds are subsequently rated into
various categories corresponding to their respective SYI values.
The application of SYI model for prioritization of sub-watersheds in the catchment areas
involves the evaluation of:
a) Climatic factors comprising total precipitation, its frequency and intensity,
b) Geomorphic factors comprising land forms, physiography, slope and drainage
characteristics,
c) Surface cover factors governing the flow hydraulics and
d) Management factors.
The data on climatic factors can be obtained for different locations in the catchment area
from the meteorological stations whereas the field investigations are required for
estimating the other attributes. The various steps involved in the application of model are:
- Preparation of a framework of sub-watersheds through systematic delineation
- Rapid reconnaissance surveys on 1:50,000 scale leading to the generation of a
map indicating erosion-intensity mapping units.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-8
- Assignment of weightage values to various mapping units based on relative silt-
yield potential.
- Computing Silt Yield Index for individual watersheds/sub-watersheds.
- Grading of watersheds/sub-watersheds into very high, high, medium, low and
very low priority categories. The area of each of the mapping units is computed and silt yield indices of individual sub-
watersheds are calculated using the following equations:
a. Silt Yield Index
To calculate SYI, the methodology developed by All India Soil & Land Use Survey
(Department of Agriculture, Govt. of India) has been followed, where each erosion intensity
unit is assigned a weightage value. When considered collectively, the weightage value
represents approximately the relative comparative erosion intensity. A basic factor of K =
10 was used in determining the weightage values. The value of 10 indicates a static
condition of equilibrium between erosion and deposition. Any addition to the factor K
(10+X) is suggestive of erosion in ascending order whereas subtraction, i.e. (10-X) is
indicative of deposition possibilities.
Delivery ratios were adjusted for each of the erosion intensity unit. The delivery ratio
suggests the percentage of eroded material that finally finds entry into reservoir or river/
stream. Area of each composite unit in each sub-watershed was then estimated.
SYI was calculated using following empirical formula: SYI = (Ai * Wi ) * Di * 100 ; where i = 1 to n
Aw
where Ai = Area of ith unit (EIMU) Wi = Weightage value of ith mapping unit n = No. of mapping units Aw = Total area of sub-watershed. Di = Delivery ratio
Delivery ratios are assigned to all erosion intensity units depending upon their distance
from the nearest stream. The criteria adopted for assigning the delivery ratio are as
follows:
Nearest Stream Delivery Ratio 0 - 0.9 km 1.00 1.0 - 2.0 km 0.95 2.1 - 5.0 km 0.90 5.1 - 15.0 km 0.80 15.1 - 30.0 km 0.70
The SYI values for classification of various categories of erosion intensity rates are given in
Table 10.2.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-9
Table 10.2: Criteria for erosion intensity rate Priority categories SYI Values Very high > 1300 High 1200-1299 Medium 1100-1199 Low 1000-1099 Very Low <1000
The erosion category of various watersheds in the catchment area as per a SYI index has
been estimated. The objective of the SYI method is to prioritize sub-watershed in a
catchment area for treatment. The area under very high and high erosion categories is to
be treated at the project proponent cost. Hence, CAT plan shall be suggested for very
high and high erosion categories, as a part of the EIA study, the expenses of which have to
be borne by project proponents.
10.4 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES
Watershed management is the optimal use of soil and water resources within a given
geographical area so as to enable sustainable production. It implies changes in land use,
vegetative cover, and other structural and non-structural action that are taken in a
watershed to achieve specific watershed management objectives. The overall objectives of
watershed management programme are to:
- Increase infiltration into soil; - Control excessive runoff; - Manage & utilize runoff for useful purpose.
Following Engineering and Biological measures shall be suggested for the catchment area
treatment depending upon the requirement and suitability:
a. Afforestation Enrichment/Gap Plantation Pasture management Social Forestry River Plantation Development of nurseries
b. Soil & Water Conservation Check Dam Contour Bunding Landslide Control Measures Silt monitoring stations Drainage line treatment
c. PES & Eco-tourism Voluntary rotational closure of pastures Eco-tourism center activities
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-10
d. Research Training and Capacity Building Training and Capacity Building of Staff and communities Site Specific research
e. Infrastructure Development Logistic Support to Staff Operational Support to Staff Maintenance of Departmental Buildings and inspection paths
f. Forest Protection Forest fire protection Construction and repairs of Boundary policies Promotion of Non-Conventional energy devices
g. Wildlife Management Plan
Support to monkey sterilization programme Human Animal conflict Habitat improvement
10.5 CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT (CAT) PLAN
In the present report, CAT Plan as per the slope, land use pattern, soil characteristics has
been suggested based on the prioritization of sub watersheds using SYI method. The CAT
plan has been suggested for Sub-watersheds with high and medium erosion categories as
the cost for treatment for such watersheds is to be borne by the project proponents. The
objective of the SYI method is to prioritize sub-watershed in a catchment area for
treatment. The erosion category of various watersheds in the catchment area as per a SYI
index is given in Table-10.3. The details are shown in Figure-10.4. The area under
different erosion categories is given in Table-10.4.
Table-10.3: Erosion intensity categorization as per SYI classification Watershed number Area (ha) SYI values Category W1 770 1214 High W2 842 1234 High W3 842 1062 Low W4 1368 1024 Low W5 906 1164 Medium W6 659 1132 Medium W7 718 1042 Low W8 838 1184 Medium W9 565 1222 High W10 1033 1242 High Total 8541
Table-10.4: Area under different erosion categories Category Area (ha) Area (Percentage) Low 2928 34.28 Medium 2403 28.13 High 3210 37.58 Total 8541 100
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-11
Figure-10.4: Prioritisation Map for catchment area of Chanju-III HEP
The area under high erosion category has to be treated by the project proponents, which
accounts for about 37.58% of the total free draining catchment area. Sub-watershed wise
proposed treatment measures in these sub watersheds superimposed over SOI toposheets
are given in Table and have been shown in Figure-10.5. It is proposed that treatment
measures shall be implemented by the Forest Department; Govt. of Himachal Pradesh as
per the notification no. FFE-B-F-(2)-72/2004-Pt-II dated August 03, 2009 & its amendment.
CAT plan will be implemented within five years.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-12
Figure-10.5: Catchment Area Treatment measures for Chanju-III HEP
10.5.1 Afforestation
Enrichment plantation
For this activity those areas are proposed to be taken up which have isolated natural tree
growth having a density of less than 0.3 or so. In such areas 800 plants/ha of suitable site
specific species are to be planted and the area is to be fences with vegetative fencing to
ensure better protection.
Pasture Development
The main objective of this activity/ treatment is to increase the production of grass and
fodder for the animal population of the local communities in the rural areas. Under this
intervention almost blank areas or areas with scarce vegetation are to be taken up wherein
1100 quality plants of suitable broadleaved species yielding fodder and fuel will be
planted. Such areas will be fenced with barbed wire using RCC fence posts to ensure
proper protection. Besides planting fodder trees, the areas are to be weeded out and
suitable grass seeds to be broadcasted to increase the grass production.
An amount of Rs. 243.0 lakh has been earmarked for various afforestation measures. The
details are given in Table-10.5.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-13
Table-10.5: Cost estimate for implementation of Afforestation measures as a part of CAT Plan S. No.
Item Unit Rate (Rs.)
Unit Target
Physical Financial (Rs. lakh)
1. Enrichment/Gap Plantation 66,000/ha ha 60 39.6
2. Pasture development 33,000/ha ha 100 33.0 3. Nursery development 11,00,000/no. no. 6 66.0 4. Vegetative fencing 70,000/km km 20 14.0
5. Watch and ward for 5 years @ 7/persons
12,000/man-month
Man-months 420 50.4
6. Social Forestry Lumpsum 40.0
Total 243.0
10.5.2 Soil & Water Conservation Works
Dry Stone Check Dams (DSCD):
Such structures are proposed to be provided in the nallas / slips and eroding forest areas
where loose stones are available and where they are likely to sustain and reduce / arrest
soil erosion. To make these structures more effective they can be reinforced with
vegetative material. It is to be ensured that only loose stones are used for constructing
such structures because digging out stones from adjoining forest areas or areas adjoining to
nallas etc. can be lead to the process of soil erosion from the site of stone digging itself.
The size of such structures will be site specific. Total 10 check dams are suggested for this
project.
An amount of Rs. 242.2 lakh has been earmarked for various Soil & Water Conservation
measures. The details are given in Table-10.6.
Table-10.6: Cost estimate for implementation of Soil & Water Conservation measures as a part of CAT Plan S. No.
Two silt observation locations for regular monitoring of silt load coming in tributaries of
sub-watersheds falling under high and very high categories have been suggested. This would
ensure monitoring efficacy of implementation various treatments measures suggested as in
CAT plan. Monitoring would be undertaken for a period of 10 years including 5 years for
CAT plan implementation period. An amount of Rs. 93.2 lakh has been earmarked for this
purpose. The details are given in Table-10.7.
Table-10.7: Cost earmarked for establishing Silt Observation points S. No. Parameter Cost (Rs. lakh) 1 Cost of two laboratories Rs 5,00,000/- for silt analysis
per laboratory 10.0
2 One observation hut at each site (@ Rs 5.0 lakh/site) 10.0 3 Cost for hiring services of one person (Average salary- Rs
10,000/- for 10 years) considering 10% escalation per year
19.1
4 Cost for hiring services of supervisor one person (Average salary Rs. 20,000/- for 10 years) considering 10% escalation per year
38.2
5 Consumables for the measurement Rs. 1.0 lacs per year for next 10 years, considering 10% escalation per year
15.9
Total 93.2
10.5.3 PES & Eco tourism
Payment for Environmental Services (PES) play an important role in enhancing the value of
local environment directly or indirectly. Incentive based mechanisms, a broader form of
PES, if designed carefully, can help existing institutional and financial incentives and play a
useful role in enhancing local livelihood benefits as well as securing the flow of locally and
wider scale environmental service benefits. Corporate Social Responsibly (CSR) should be
made mandatory to make PES their regular activity in their APO. However, there is
substantial scope in the project outlay amounting to 10 % of the total outlay to address
various activities under this head. The primary focus of PES Framework & Mechanism will
be clearly on controlling soil erosion in the catchment. Under this an amount of Rs. 97.0
lakh has been earmarked for conducting catchment specific study to identify proposals and
activities to be undertaken under PES and then keep implemented. Eco-tourism activity
shall feature under this component and suitable eco-tourism promotion activities shall be
identified and promoted under this category. Local community involvement to promote
nature based local products should be encouraged
10.5.4 Research Training and Capacity Building
Research and training activities must focus on generating baseline data and covering the
gamut of ecological and socio-economic concerns of the particular area where the project
is to be implemented. The ultimate aim should be to contribute directly to enhanced
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-15
management of the area as an entity. Integration, co-ordination and information flow
between the research wing and field managers is essential for effective priority setting.
Funding for research, training and capacity building has been earmarked at 5% of the total
project outlay as per the CAT Plan Guideline. An amount of Rs. 48.5 lakh has been
earmarked for Training & Capacity building of forest staff as well as local community
through State Forest Training Institutes and reputed non-governmental organizations
10.5.5 Infrastructure Development
The budget earmarked for infrastructure development for Forest department as a part of
CAT Plan is Rs. 97.0 lakh. The details are given in Table-10.8.
Table-10.8: Cost summary for the Operational Support to Forest S. No. Component/Item No. Unit Rate (Rs. lakh) Total Cost (Rs. lakh) 1 Vehicle Including
An amount of Rs. 40.0 lakh has been earmarked for implementation of various Forest
Protection measures. The details are given in Table-10.9.
Table-10.9: Cost summary for Forest Protection measures S. No. Component/Item No. Unit Rate
(Rs. lakh) Total Cost (Rs. lakh)
1 Fire protection measures 10.0 2 Distribution of Non-
conventional Energy and Fuel Saving Devices in catchment area on a cost-sharing basis, such as, LPG, Tandoors, Pressure cookers and Solar devices
- Lumpsum 30.0
Total 40.0
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 10-16
10.5.7 Wildlife Management
It is recommended to fund various components of wildlife management plan through CAT
Plans that have a direct bearing on the reduction of silt load. The activities proposed for
wildlife related
interventions will be restricted to the project catchment area only. The wildlife
management plans will be prepared by the Forest Department shall be got vetted from the
Chief Wildlife Warden/ Pr. CCF (WL), H.P, before incorporation in the CAT Plan. An amount
of Rs. 58.2 lakh has been earmarked for implementation of various wildlife management
measures including Rs. 10.0 lakh
10.5.8 Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring and Evaluation is an integral component of any successful project, as it helps in
better project implementation and simultaneously analyzes the process adopted. Therefore
a robust monitoring plan needs to be in place to ensure the efficacy of the CAT Plan under
implementation or CAT Plans to be implemented at a later date. This component will
handled by independent consultants normally hired for third party evaluation.
M & E studies including impact evaluation studies should be scheduled for the later years of
the CAT Plan implementation calendar. Indicators for Monitoring impact of CAT Plan would
include:
Change in silt load. Survival of plantations Changes in land-use [private holdings] Changes in man-animal conflicts. Trend of fire incidences in vulnerable areas.
As outlined in the guidelines for the preparation of CAT Plan issued by the Forest
Department, Government of Himachal Pradesh, a provision of 6% of the total CAT Plan cost
has been earmarked for Monitoring and Evaluation. Thus an amount of Rs. 58.0 lakh has
been earmarked for Monitoring and Evaluation.
10.5.9 Site Specific Working Plan
Site specific micro-plans shall be prepared to address specific natural resource base
livelihood activities of the local communities. The emphasis will be laid on strengthening
the natural resource base of the area by promoting indigenous flora. Micro-level disaster
mitigating measures will be identified and promoted under this activity. As outlined in the
guidelines for the preparation of CAT Plan issued by the Forest Department, Government of
Himachal Pradesh, a provision of 3% of the total CAT Plan cost has been earmarked for
Monitoring and Evaluation. Thus an amount of Rs. 29.0 lakh has been earmarked for this
activity.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
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10.5.10 CONTINGENCIES
An amount of Rs. 50.0 lakh has been earmarked for this meeting any unforeseen
expenditure.
10.6 COST ESTIMATE
The cost required for implementation of various measures is Rs. 962.9 lakh. The details are
given in Table 10.10.
Table-10.10: Cost earmarked for implementation of CAT plan S.No. Activity Amount
(Rs. lakh) 1 Afforestation 243.0 2 Soil & Water Conservation Works 242.2 3 PES And Eco-Tourism 97.0 4 Research Training and Capacity Building 48.5 5 Infrastructure Development 97.0 6 Forest Protection 40.0 7 Wildlife Management 58.2 8 Monitoring and Evaluation 58.0 9 Site Specific Working plan 29.0 10 Contingencies 50.0 Total 962.9
10.7 SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF CAT PLAN
It is proposed to implement the CAT Plan in 5 years. The year wise implementation of
physical and financial targets is given in Table-10.11.
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cala
tion
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ar
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*Cos
t of
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perv
isor
(A
vera
ge
Sala
ry
Rs.
20,0
00/-
for
10
ye
ars)
co
nsid
erin
g 10
%
esca
lati
on
per
year
- 2.
40
- 2.
64
- 2.
90
- 3.
20
- 3.
52
- 38
.2
v-e)
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mab
les
(Rs.
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c pe
r ye
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or n
ext
10
year
s an
d co
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%
esca
lati
on
per
year
)
- 1.
0 -
1.1
- 3.
63
- 4.
00
- 4.
4 -
15.9
Su
b-To
tal (
B)
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0.35
-
68.3
1 -
7.98
-
8.8
- 9.
68
- 24
2.2
C.
PES
and
Eco-
Tour
ism
-
50.0
-
30.0
-
17.0
-
- -
- -
97.0
0
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b-To
tal (
C)
- 50
.0
- 30
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- 17
.0
- -
- -
- 97
.00
D.
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arch
, Tr
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&
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city
Bu
ildin
g
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9.7
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7 -
9.7
- 9.
7 -
48.5
0
Su
b-To
tal (
D)
- 9.
7 -
9.7
- 9.
7 -
9.7
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48.5
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In
fras
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D
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&M
2
No.
16
.0
- 1.
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1.0
- 1.
0 -
1.0
2 N
o.
20.0
0
ii)
Off
ice
Equi
pmen
t -
30.0
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
30.0
0
iv)
GPS
4
No.
12
.0
- -
- -
- -
- -
4 N
o.
12.0
0 v)
M
aint
enan
ce
of
Dep
artm
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5.0
- 5.
0 -
25.0
0
vi)
Mai
nten
ance
of
Fo
rest
Ro
ads/
Insp
ecti
on
- 2.
0 -
2.0
- 2.
0 -
2.0
- 2.
0 -
10.0
0
HPP
CL
EM
P Re
port
for
Cha
nju-
III H
EP,
Cham
ba,
HP
WA
PCO
S Li
mit
ed
10-2
0
S.
No.
A
ctiv
ity
Year
Ye
ar I
Year
II
Year
III
Year
IV
Year
V
Tota
lPh
y.
Fin.
(R
s. la
kh)
Phy.
Fi
n.
(Rs.
lakh
) Ph
y.
Fin.
(R
s. la
kh)
Phy.
Fi
n.
(Rs.
lakh
) Ph
y.
Fin.
(R
s. la
kh)
Phy.
Fi
n.
(Rs.
lakh
) Pa
tter
n
Sub-
Tota
l (E)
65.0
-
8.0
- 8.
0 -
8.0
- 8.
0 -
97.0
F
Fore
st
Prot
ecti
on
Mea
sure
s
i)
Fire
Pr
otec
tion
M
easu
res
- 15
.0
- -
- -
- -
- -
- 15
.0
ii)
Dis
trib
utio
n of
N
on-
conv
enti
onal
En
ergy
and
Fun
d Sa
ving
Dev
ices
- 33
.5
- -
- -
- -
- -
- 33
.5
Su
b-To
tal (
F)
48
.5
- -
- -
- -
- -
- 48
.5
G
Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
- 30
.0
- 15
.0
- 13
.2
- -
- -
- 58
.20
Su
b-To
tal (
G)
- 30
.0
- 15
.0
- 13
.2
- -
- -
- 58
.20
H
Mon
itor
ing
&
Eval
uati
on
- 11
.6
- 11
.6
- 11
.6
- 11
.6
- 11
.6
- 58
.00
Su
b-To
tal (
H)
- 11
.6
- 11
.6
- 11
.6
- 11
.6
- 11
.6
- 58
.00
I Si
te
spec
ific
W
orki
ng P
lan
- 15
.0
- 14
.0
- -
- -
- -
- 29
.00
Su
b-To
tal (
I)
- 15
.0
- 14
.0
- -
- -
- -
- 29
.00
J Co
ntin
genc
ies
- 10
.0
- 10
.0
- 10
.0
- 10
.0
- 10
.0
- 50
.0
Su
b-To
tal (
J)
- 10
.0
- 10
.0
- 10
.0
- 10
.0
- 10
.0
- 50
.0
G
rand
Tot
al
44
6.63
259.
79
11
0.66
58.1
8
59.0
6
971.
4 *
The
diff
eren
ce o
f co
st o
ccur
s as
the
Tab
le p
repa
red
for
5 ye
ars,
whe
reas
item
s in
s.n
o.(v
)-c,
(v)
-d a
nd (
v)-e
has
bee
n ta
ken
for
10 y
ears
.
CHAPTER-11 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 11-1
CHAPTER-11
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
11.1 GENERAL
Energy conservation measures would be implemented to ensure that the use of non-
renewable resources is minimised. A key component of achieving energy conservation
would be the development of an Energy Management Action Plan. This plan would be
included as part of the Construction and Operational EMPs. The Energy Management Action
Plan would be consistent with the energy conservation measures during both construction
and operation phase.
11.2 ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The following mitigation measures would be undertaken during construction works.
Efficient work scheduling and methods that minimise equipment idle time and double
handling of material;
Throttling down and switching off construction equipment when not in use;
Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while they are
waiting to be loaded and unloaded;
Switching off site office equipment and lights and using optimum lighting intensity for
security and safety purposes;
Careful design of temporary roads to reduce transportation distances;
Regular maintenance of equipment to ensure optimum operations and fuel efficiency.
11.3 ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING OPERATION PHASE
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during site operations:
Design of buildings and terminal layout would aim to achieve the following energy
efficiencies:
Employing renewable energy sources such as day lighting and passive solar heating;
Designing roads on the site to reduce transportation distances.
11.4 ENERGY EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT
Large energy savings could be achieved in using energy efficient equipment. The following
actions are examples of how energy savings could be achieved by the terminal operator(s):
Using energy efficient electrical appliances;
Installing lighting control devices where appropriate and linking to photo-electric
dimming; and
Providing sufficient energy metering and switching for energy management.
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 11-2
Energy would also be conserved through efficiency in work schedules and practices such
as:
Use of modern container yard management systems for the efficient stacking and
retrieval of containers and to minimise vehicles waiting times;
Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while these
are waiting to be loaded and unloaded;
Throttling down and switching off idle equipment;
Regular maintenance of all powered equipment to ensure appropriate fuel
consumption rates; and
Communication and education of energy conservation measures to employees.
11.5 DISTRIBUTION OF FUEL
As a part of EMP, following measures are proposed:
- Make a clause mandatory in the contract of every contractor involved in project construction to provide supply of fuel to their labourers, so that trees are not cut for meeting their fuel demands.
- Establish LPG godown within the project area for providing LPG cylinder to run community kitchens.
The project proponents in association with the state government should make necessary
arrangements for distribution of LPG. These fuel would be supplied at subsidized rates to
the local/contract laborers for which provision has been kept in the cost estimate.
11.6 BUDGET
An amount of Rs.20.0 lakh has been earmarked for implementation of various energy
conservation measures.
CHAPTER-12 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-1
CHAPTER- 12
RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN
12.1 INTRODUCTION
The proposed Chanju-III HEP is being conceived as a run of river type development in Churah
Sub-Division of Chamba Distt in Himachal Pradesh. The project envisages utilization of the
combined waters of Chanju nallah a Left Bank tributary of Baira river and Mahed nallah, a left
bank tributary of chanju nallah for Power generation. The scheme involves construction of a
trench type diversion weir across Chanju nallah near Dantoi village and Power house just up-
stream of the Mahed nallah with Chanju nallah near Jakhla village. A water conductor
system comprising of feeder channel/tunnel, two underground desilting tank, Head race
tunnel, underground forebay tank, pressure shaft and an underground power house. It is
proposed to construct Trench Weir across Mahed nallah and the diverted water shall be led to
desilting tank, which shall be designed to include all silt particles down to +0.20mm and from
there the water shall be feed through connecting tunnel to head race tunnel from Chanju
nallah. Power house located on the left bank of Chanju nallah just upstream of confluence of
Mahed nallah & Chanju nallah shall house three units of 16MW each. Power house shall have
three generating units of 16000KW each along with auxiliary facilities such as cooling
water/potable water supply system, firefighting system, compressed air supply, oil system,
ventilation and air conditioning system.
The land details of the Chanju III H.E.P is given in Table-12.1.The private land to be acquired
for the project is 1.870 ha..
Table-12.1: Details of land to be acquired
S. No Project Component/ Activity Area (ha) 1 Forest land Surface 23.790 2 Forest Land under ground 4.704 3 Private Land Surface 1.870 Total 30.364
12.2 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATIONO PLAN
For the purpose of this project, the R&R plan has been devised using the norms and guidelines
The Consultant based on past experiences in similar projects, in the
area have suggested/specified/ augmented/ enhanced the R&R provisions. The objective of
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-2
the R&R Plan is to enable project planners to take appropriate measures to devise suitable
compensation as a part of resettlement and rehabilitation package for the PAFs. The village
wise details list of status of submergence, total no. of household being affected, private land
to be acquired along with their current market rates are enclosed as Annexure-V. The total
private land to be acquired for the road to intake site, rope ways, and project colony is about
2.107 ha.
12.2.1 MEASURES FOR COMPENSATION OF LOSS OF PRIVATE PROPERTIES
12.2.1.1 Compensation for Land
The total private land to be acquired for the road to intake site, rope ways, and
project colony is about 2.107 ha. About 32 families are likely to lose land due to the
project. The other hand, compensation for acquisition of private land would be paid to the
Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act,
2013 as well as .
12.2.1.2 COMPENSATION OF OTHER PROPERTIES
Other properties such as trees, wells, ponds, temples, cremation grounds, public utility
buildings and spaces, electric and telephone poles and cables, etc., would be assessed,
evaluated and compensation rates would be fixed as per the prevalent guidelines/norms. The
compensation amount shall be disbursed to the concerned department, agency, individuals,
etc.
12.3 MEASURES FOR REHABILITATION
In the proposed project, majority of the population depends on land for their livelihood.
Privately owned land is also expected to be acquired. The rehabilitation plan would be
formulated in line with the norms of cy in Land
HP
Power Corporation Limited Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2012 . The entitlement
matrix for implementation of Rehabilitation measures is given in Table-12.2.Provisions for
Rehabilitation Plan for families losing land is given in Table-12.3 and Provision of
Rehabilitation and Resettlement based on HPPCL Policy, 2012 is given in Table-12.4.
Table-12.2: Entitlement Matrix for implementation of Rehabilitation Measures
S. No
Description Unit Assumed Provision# Cost (Rs. lakh)
1 Market value of land (A) ha Rs. 23.218 lakh/ha x 2.107
48.92
2. Factor to be multiplied for rural areas (Ax2) 2.0 97.84
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-3
S. No
Description Unit Assumed Provision# Cost (Rs. lakh)
Total (B) 97.84 3. Solatium charges (C) 2.0 97.84
Final Award (B+C) 195.68
Table-12.3: Provisions for Rehabilitation Plan for families losing land
S. No
Description Unit Assumed Provision#
Cost (Rs. lakh)
1. Total Market Value of the Project affected villages under submergence (Refer Table-4.4)
ha 195.68
2. Rural artisans / Self-employed One-time financial assistance of a minimum of
Rs. 25,000/- to each affected family of an artisan, small trader or self-employed person or an affected family which owned non-agricultural land or commercial, industrial or institutional structure in the affected area, and which has been involuntarily displaced from the affected area due to land acquisition
32
32 PAFs x Rs.25000/PAF
8.0
3. Choice of Annuity or Employment a) At least one member per affected family will
be provided job (either in the project or arrange for a job in such other project), after providing suitable training and skill development in the required field Or
b) Onetime payment of Rs. 500,000 per affected family Or
c) Annuity policies that shall pay not less than Rs. 2000 per month per family for 20 years, with appropriate indexation to the Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers
32 32 PAFs x Rs.2000/month x 20 years x 12 months for each PAF
153.60
4. Training of the affected persons, so as to enable such persons to take on suitable jobs
32 32 PAFs x Rs.500/month x 6 months for each PAF
0.96
5. Scholarships and other skill development opportunities to the eligible persons from the affected families as per the criteria as may be fixed by the appropriate Government
32 32 PAFs x Rs.500/month x 12 months for each PAF
1.92
6. Skill development opportunities to the eligible persons from the affected families as per the
32
32 PAFs x Rs.500/month x 6
0.96
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-4
S. No
Description Unit Assumed Provision#
Cost (Rs. lakh)
criteria as may be fixed by the appropriate Government
months for each PAF
7. Affected persons shall be offered the necessary training facilities for development of entrepreneurship, technical and professional skills for self-employment
32
32 PAFs x Rs.1000/month x 6 months for each PAF
1.92
Total 363.04
Table-12.3: Entitlement Matrix for implementation of Rehabilitation Measures based on Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2012 (HPPCL) Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs.
Lakh) Resttlement Grant 1 Family whose land before
acquisition was more than 5 bighas and is left with one biswa or no agriculture land after acquisition Rs. 2.50 lac lump sum
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
2 Family whose land before acquisition was less than five bighas and is left with one biswa or no agriculture land after acquisition Rs. 1.50 lac lump sum.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
3 Family whose land holding is left with more than one biswa and less than 2-10-0 bighas of land after acquisition Rs. 1.00 lac lump sum
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
4 Family whose land holding is left with more than 2-10-0 and less than five bighas of land after acquisition Rs. 75,000/- lump sum
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
5 Other families whose land has been acquired and land holding left after acquisition is more than 5 bighas, amount equal to the land compensation paid subject minimum of 5000/- and maximum of 50,000/-
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
6 Family whose cattle shed is acquired in the project area, shall get one time financial assistance Rs. 10,000/-. In no case the grant shall exceed Rs.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-5
Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
25,000/- per family. Provision for landless 7 Each PAF rendered landless as
well as houseless (both) or houseless will be provided an independent house with a built up plinth area of 150 Sqm. Alternatively, PAF can also be offered a plot of size 250 Sqm. which allows construction of built up house of 150 Sqm. plinth area plus construction cost of the house @ Rs. 4000 per Sqm. (limited to 150 Sqm. plinth area).
Provision for resettlement
Not Applicable
8 A family which does not opt for house/plot but constructs a house at own cost with a plinth area of 150 Sqm or more shall be paid the construction cost of the house @ of Rs. 5000 per Sqm (upto a plinth area of 150 Sqm maximum). Options from such families will be asked at an appropriate time. In case any of such family constructs house of less than 150 Sqm. Plinth area on his own plot or plot offered by the Project then amount to be given will be worked out on pro-rata basis.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
9 This facility will be available in the event of acquisition of dwelling houses in the farm land (Dhogri) also.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
Guideline in Policy 10 Displaced shopkeepers will be
given shops in allotment in the market complex of the Project Township wherever the Project constructs such market places. In addition, they will be entitled to one time displacement grant Rs. 20,000/-
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
11 Infrastructure facilities in the Rehabilitation colony will
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-6
Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
include water supply, sewage, drainage, electricity, streets community centre, green area, park and approach path/roads at the project cost.
12 Transportation at the project cost will be provided for physical movement of all the PAFs, and displaced shopkeepers and their house hold goods/ shop goods, as soon as the houses/shop get constructed in the Rehabilitation colony or a sum of Rs. 20,000/- in lump sum shall be paid, for which option will be invited from the affected families/ shopkeepers.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
13 Stamp duty and other fees payable for registration shall be borne by the Project Authority. Rehabilitation grant shall be provided by the Project Authorities and placed at the disposal of the Deputy Commissioner, for disbursement to the eligible PAF s.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
14 Transitional/ Subsistence Allowance based on 25x12 months minimum wages to each Project Affected Family will be paid if the family has become houseless and has to shift house or become landless and has to shift livelihood to a different location or change livelihood or has been involuntarily displaced
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
15 Whereas it is not possible to provide land in exchange of land acquired but in case some agricultural land is available for distribution, upto 5 bighas land will be given to each PAF by giving priority to landless. This land will be given only to such PAF s who are primarily dependent on a g r i c u l t u r e and the livelihood is substantially affected by land
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-7
Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
acquisition. In no case will land to be given in excess of that acquired. Giving of agricultural land will not be a right and will be only a welfare measure to be given only if possible
16 If it is not possible to give land, a financial assistance at the rate of Rs. 50,000/-per bigha of cultivable land acquired and Rs. 20000/- per bigha for uncultivable land acquired will be paid as an additional assistance to the project affected family for purchasing land. This assistance will only be given if the Project Affected Family is able to prove that this will be utilized to purchase land of a value more than the money paid to the Project Affected Family under this clause (Clause-5.8).
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
17 If waste land or degraded land is allotted under this clause, then a land development charge of Rs. 15,000/- per bigha will be paid. The PAF s who are allotted land or those who purchase agricultural land will also get Rs.10, 000/- cash for agricultural production
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
18 Each PAF which is displaced and has Cattle will be given Rs.20000/- for construction of cattle shed
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
19 Each PAF who is a artisan, small trader or self-employed person and has been displaced shall get a onetime financial assistance of Rs.50,000/- for construction of working shed or shop
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
20 The families who have to shift house due to the project will be provided temporary accommodation at project cost for 3 to 6 months depending on their need.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-8
Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
Loss of income from Forest or Govt. Land :
21 If PAF s have rights over minor forest produce like herbs, chilgoza etc and acquisition of such Govt/Forest land will deprive them of income/benefit which they were deriving from their right they may be suitably compensated by a lum-sum grant. If some portion of such land being acquired & not being submerged or used for construction and is to remain as such or as a buffer zone around the reservoir or around the project, the PAF s may be allowed to extract minor forest produce if it safe for them.
Employment 22 One member of each Project
Affected Family rendered landless will be provided employment by the Project Authority in the category of skilled/ semiskilled/ unskilled workmen subject to fulfilling the requisite criteria/qualification and as and when any fresh recruitment is done in these categories, it would be ensured that land oustees eligible for employment as mentioned above are given chance first and normal recruitment would be made only if none are eligible & willing from amongst them. However, persons who are allotted shops shall not be eligible for benefit of employment and vice versa The following criteria will be adhered to by the Deputy Commissioner concerned for providing of preference while sponsoring the names for employment to the Project
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-9
Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
Authority. (I) Affected families whose
entire land has been acquired.
(II) Affected families who have become landless on account of acquisition of land by the project.
(III) Other affected families. Within these categories preference will be given on the basis of quantum of land acquired. Those who lose more land will come first.
24 If there are some families who have lost their source of livelihood completely and do not have the capabilities or the financial strength to take on any other occupation and are not even provided alternate land, the project authorities may consider to provide direct employment to the members of such families as a special case on recommendation from the Deputy Commissioner and after due verification.
The Provision shall be decided by Deputy Commissioner
25 The main PAF who are eligible for direct employment but have not been provided employment will be given a special rehabilitation/employment grant equivalent to 1000 days of minimum wage for labour per family. (The employment here will mean regular employment in the organization building of the project). The PAF s will be given option to wait for direct employment.
26 Annuity Policy will be arranged for each vulnerable PAF [disabled, destitute, orphans, widows, unmarried girls (with no financial support), abandoned women, or poor persons above
The Provision has been earmarked in R&R above made on the guidelines of The Right to Fair Compensation and
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-10
Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
fifty years of age( who are unsupported)] who are not provided or cannot immediately be provided with alternative livelihood and who are not otherwise covered as part of a family which will provide a pension of Rs. 1000/-PM to t h e f a m i l y starting from a date 5 y e a r s after t h e d a t e o f implementations of this plan and will continue for 10 years after that date. The Vulnerable PAF s will be those which are identified by the administrator under this plan.
transparency in Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act,2013
Secondary Employment 27 The PAF s will be provided help
to get employment other than direct employment in the project in the following manners:- Merit scholarship scheme for the wards of Project Affected Families (PAFs) and other residents of project affected zone who may be pursuing vocational or professional course will be introduced by the Project Authorities as per scheme to be drafted by the Project Authority in consultation with Government of Himachal Pradesh. The project authorities will also consider getting some special seats in ITI s for the project affected families and other residents of the project affected zone. Some schemes to provide apprenticeship or on the job training to increase the employability of the residents of the project affected zone will also be started. Merit scholarship scheme for school going students of project
The Provision shall be decided by Deputy Commissioner
HPPCL EMP Report for Chanju-III HEP, Chamba, HP
WAPCOS Limited 12-11
Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
affected zone will be started. 28 The Project Authorities will
also consider award of petty contracts to the cooperatives of eligible families on preferential basis so that some may be engaged in such jobs. Further, the Project Authorities will advise their contractor to engage eligible persons from amongst affected families on a preferential basis wherever possible during construction stage. Other employment opportunities like hiring vehicles from PAF s will also be made available. Normally all contracts upto a value of Rs. 5 lakh will be given to PAF s and if PAF s are not available to families living in project affected zone. All vehicles hired by the project will be from PAF s and if not available from PAF s then from residents of Project Affected Zone. The new vehicles hired from PAF s may be hired for 3+1 years
The Provision shall be decided by Deputy Commissioner.
29 The Project Affected Families (such as rural artisans/small traders and self-employed persons) will be assisted to start various suitable self-employment occupations, which include dairy farming, poultry, weaving, bakery, handicraft, cottage industries unit/shops and hiring of vehicle to the corporation. The Project Authority will provide a grant of Rs. 50,000/- per family towards seed capital. The grant will be given once only. Only those families who have not been provided with employment in the Project or have not been allotted any shop will be eligible for this grant
32
32 PAFs x Rs.50,000/- The Provision shall be decided by Deputy Commissioner.
16.00
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Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
Families residing in the project affected area other then PAF s can also be considered for this on merit and if they are needy.
R&R Benefits for PAF s belonging to ST & SC
30 In case the families loose access to forest due to the project a special plan will be formulated for development of alternate fuel, fodder and non-timber forest produce.
The Provision shall be decided by Deputy Commissioner for one family each of SC & ST residing in the Project affected area as per the information gathered during the Socio-Economic Baseline survey
31 Each PAF of ST followed by SC categories shall be given preference in allotment of land if any land is available for allotment to PAF s.
Provision is for resettlement/NA
32 Each ST family will get an addition one time financial assistance of 500 days minimum wages for labour for loss of customary right s or usage of forest produce.
05 5 PAF x 500 days x Rs.300/-
7.50
33 ST. PAF s will be resettled as far as possible in the same schedule area in a compound block so that they can retain their ethnic, linguistic and cultural identity.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
34 The resettlement area prominently inhabited by S s shall get 1000 Sqm. Land free of cost for community and religious gatherings
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
35 The ST s Afamilies resettled out of the district will get 25% higher resettlement grant.
Provision for resettlement/NA
Not Applicable
Other benefits 36 Each PAF will be provided 100
units of electricity per month for a period of 10 years from the date of commissioning of the
32 32 PAFs x 100 Unit electricity x 12 months x 10 years =384000 Units
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Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
project. If the consumption of the PAF is less than that then the difference will be compensated in cash.
electricity
Medical fund 37 A medical fund will be created
for the PAF s. This fund will be need for providing treatment to the member of PA s in hardship due to illness or in extreme illness or accident cases. Medicines may also be provided to other residents in the area.
A Medical Fund shall be created with the consultation with District Administration and local Representatives
Provision of Rs.35.0 has been earmarked for this purpose
38 Free medical treatment will be provided to PAF s at the project medical Facility.
39 Medical camps will be organized in various places in the project affected zone from time to time
40 In order to help the families living in the project affected zone and to improve their skills in their occupation Agriculture, Horticulture and animal husbandry training and awareness camps will be organized by the Project Authorities from time to time Training camps on other subjects like finance and accounts, how to run small business, alternatives for self-employment etc. will also be organized from time to time.
The Provision has already been earmarked in the R&R Plan prepared on the
Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act,2013
If it is felt that the fuel supply of the local residents is affected due to construction of the project, a scheme will be formulated to provide alternative fuel or fuel saving devices to the families whose fuel supply is affected.
Appropriate measures shall be taken by the project proponent in consultation with the Local Administration
41 Each PAF will be given an identity card which will have names of all the members of PAF.
42 The project authorities will set up one or more Project Information Officer for
Measures shall be taken by the Project Proponent
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Sr.No Guideline in Policy Unit Assumed Provision Cost(Rs. Lakh)
providing information and guidance to the local people particularly the PAF s.
43 Project authorities will set up a cultural fund for providing grants for organizing local fairs, festivals and functions.
A cultural fund shall be earmarked by the project proponent in consultation with the Local Administration
Provision of Rs.15.0 shall be earmarked
Infrastructure Development 44 Construction of the project is a
major development activity for the area. It will be ensured that the available infrastructure in the area improves with the project
Measures shall be taken by the Project Proponent
45 If any available infrastructure is damaged due to the project, it will be restored.This includes water supply, irrigation, roads, paths, schools, places of worship, community building etc.
Measures shall be taken by the Project Proponent
46 The local people will be allowed use of the infrastructure created primarily for the project like roads, bridges, schools, etc.
47 A fund under the name LADF will be created for development of infrastructure in the project affected area. The project authorities will contribute 1.5% of the project cost towards the funds. This fund will be administered by a Local Area Development Committee in accordance with the orders of the appropriate Government.
Provision has been earmarked in LADP
48 The 80% of the funds available in LADF will be divided amongst the Panchayats falling within the Project affected area on the basis of a formula giving equal weightage to 3 criteria i.e. The remaining 20% funds may be used for common works or for works in the project affected zone or for completion of incomplete works.
Provision has been earmarked in LADP
Rs.73.50
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12.4 BUDGET
The total budget for implementation of the Rehabilitation Plan is Rs.436.54 lakh. The details
are given in Table-12.5.
Table-12.5: Budget for implementation of the Rehabilitation Plan
S. No.
Components of R&R Cost (Rs. lakh)
A Rehabilitation Plan 1. Compensation for Land 195.68 2. Grant to Rural Artisans 8.0 3. Annuity payment 153.60 4. Training to take on suitable jobs 0.96 5. Scholarships 1.92 6. Other Skill Development 0.96 7. Training facilities for development of entrepreneurship, technical
and professional skills for self-employment 1.92
Subtotal Total (A) 363.04 8. Provision earmarked on the guidelines of HPPCL R&R Policy 73.50 Sub-Total (B) 73.50 Total(A+B) 436.54
CHAPTER-13 LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT
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CHAPTER-13
LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN
13.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF LADF:
While developing hydro power projects, there is an impact on the environment, existing
infrastructure, individual and community resources, etc. This needs to be addressed by
making appropriate and adequate provisions in the Project design and cost. Provision for
mitigating these adverse consequences is provided for in schemes like Environment
Management Plan (EMP), Catchment Area Treatment Plan (CAT Plan), restoration of loss of
environment through Compensatory Afforestation and Net Present Value payment and
compensation for damage of corps due to pollution etc.
In addition, a special provision of Local Area Development Fund (LADF) has been made
under the State Hydro Power Policy to carry out local developmental activities so as to
ensure visible additional benefits to the local communities in the project area as part of
the Project cost. Further allocation of this LADF contribution to schemes and purposes
needs to be based on predetermined, objective parameters. The people of the affected
area should be aware of the allocations likely to flow to them so that on the one hand
gainful infrastructure and local development activities can be planned well in advance and
on the other hand, local communities develop an interest in expeditious completion of
projects.
13.2 DEFINITION AND DECALARATION OF PAF, PAA & PAZ:
13.2.1 Project Affected Family (PAF):
Project Affected Family (PAF) means
source
For the development of Chanju-III, total number of 32 Project Affected Families are losing
lands but to a very small extent is being acquired for development of the said project.
13.2.2 Project Affected Area (PAA):
Project Affected Area (PAA) means
including submergence area/muck dumping area, mine/quarry area, infrastructure
including roads, project dedicated townships, offices, construction facilities, welfare
Unit for declaring Project Affected Area would ordinarily be the Gram Panchayat.
Affected Panchayats under Project Affected Area (PAA) of Deothal-Chanju HEP are only
Dehra Panchayat.
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13.2.3 Project Affected Zone (PAZ):
Project Affected Zone (PAZ) means
where impact of the project on the lives of people is considerable even if no direct
. Entire block or all such adjoining Panchayats to PAA
as are considered to be impacted by the project in the same or adjoin district/s.
The Chanju-III is envisaged in Chamba District and confined to Sub Block Tissa, therefore,
Project Affected Zone (PAZ) is hereunder for recommendation by the Resident
Commissioner of Tissa, District Chamba (HP) for declaration by the GoHP:
1. Affected District : Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. 2. Affected Block : Tissa, District Chamba, H P.
13.3 LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE (LADC): As per clause no. 6.2.2 of LADF Notification, the LADF will be administered by a
committee called the Local Area Development Committee (LADC) which will be
constituted for each project separately, immediately after signing of the Implementation
The LADC of Chanju III Hydro Electric Project is listed in Table-13.1.
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Table-13.1: LADC of Chanju Hydro Electric Project S.No. Officer Position in LADC 1. Deputy Commissioner, Tissa, District Chamba Chairman 2. Executive Engineer, PWD & IPH, Tissa Member 3. Divisional Forest Officer,Tissa Member 4. Project Officer, Rural Development,Tissa Member 5. Chief Medical Officer, Chamba / BMO, Tissa Member 6. Dy. Director Horticulture Development, Tissa Member 7 Chairman, Zila Parishad, Tissa Member 8. Vice-Chairman, Zila Parishad, Tissa Member 9. Chairman, Panchayat Samiti, Tissa Member 10. Vice-Chairman, Panchayat Samiti, Tissa Member 11. Pardhan Gram Panchayat, Dehra Member 12. Representative of HPPCL. Member Secretary
13.4 PARAMETERS FOR ALLOCATION OF FUND:
The allocation of fund as depicted in Table-13.2 will be applicable for Chanju-III Electric
Project (48 MW) as per Clause 8.1 of LADF Notification-Fund Allocation Prior to
Commissioning of the Project:
Table-13.2: Norms for allocation of LAD Fund S. No.
Category of HEP Norms for allocation of LAD Fund during the construction phase of Chanju-III HEP (48 MW)
Project Affected
Area (PAA)
Project Affected Zone (PAZ) Project Affected
Panchayat (s)
Project Affected Block(s)
Project Affected
District (s) 1 5-100 MW Capacity
As Chanju-III (48MW) 60% 20% 10% 10%
13.5 ALLOCATION OF FUND UNDER PROJECT AFFECTED AREA (PAA):
The Funds Allocation for Project Affected Area shall be 60%. Further allocation of funds
amongst the Panchayats in Project Affected Area have been determined on the basis of
the formula that assigns weightage to the parameters mentioned in clause 8.1.1 of LADF
Notification for 60% of the funds proposed for PAA as per -13.2. The further
distribution of 60% funds allocated to PAA is given in Table-13.3.
Table-13.3: Distribution of 50% funds allocated to PAA Para No. of Notification
Parameters %age
8.1.1 Out of 60% Funds allocated for PAA- First 50% would be allocated as under:
8.1.1.a Extent of private land used for Project Components i/c submergence
45% of 30%= 13.5%
8.1.1.b Extent of land affected above underground components
15% of 30%= 4.5%
8.1.1.c Extent of land used for Infrastructure(Roads, Colony, warehouses,
etc.,)
20% of 30%= 6%
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Para No. of Notification
Parameters %age
8.1.1.d Affected river stretch of river/stream on both banks in respect of Diversion
structure and Power house
20% of 30%= 6%
8.1.2 Out of 60% Funds allocated for PAA- balance 50% would be allocated as under:
To be allocated on the basis of ratio of population of each concerned GP to the
total population of the entire area in PAA
30%
13.6 ALLOCATION OF FUNDS UNDER PROJECT AFFECTED ZONE (PAZ):
Total Funds Allocation for Project Affected Zone (PAZ) = 40% The distribution of Funds allocated for PAZ is as under:
A. Project Affected Panchayat(s) = 20% B. Project Affected Block(s) = 10% C. Project Affected District(s) = 10%
Funds amongst GPs in the Project Affected Zone (PAZ) shall be allocated as per ratio of
population of each GP to the population of all GPs in the PAZ under clause 8.1.3 of LADF
Notification.
Table-13.12: Funds allocated to affected Panchayats under PAA of Cahnju-III HEP (Para 8.1.3)
S. No.
20% allocated to Affected Panchayats under PAZ
Funds allocated to affected Panchayats under PAA of Chanju-III HEP (Para 8.1.3)
Gram Panchayat Chanju
Gram Panchayat Dehra
1 Total Population 756 955 2 Extent of Population 44.18% 55.81% 3 Funds in terms of % out of 20% 54.80 lakhs 69.20 lakhs
10% Funds allocated to Affected Block : Tissa Block in District Chamba, HP =62 Lakhs
10% Funds allocated to Affected District : District Chamba, HP =62 Lakhs
13.7 ALLOCATION OF FUNDS AS PER LADF
The total fund allocated for LADF is Rs. 620.0 lakh. The allocation of funds as per LADF
for PAA , PAZ and Project Affected District is given in Table-13.4. The summary of
allocation of funds is given in Table-13.4.
Table-13.14: Allocation of funds as per LADF for PAA, PAZ and Project Affected District for Deothal Chanju hydroelectric project S.No Description Panchayats Under PAA
Dehra Chanju I. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS FOR
PAA (50% OF THE TOTAL
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S.No Description Panchayats Under PAA Dehra Chanju
LADF): A. 60% on the basis of
Parameters defined in Clause-8.1.1:
1. Private land used for Project Components including Submergence @ 45 %
Rs. 36.828 lakh
Rs. 46.872 lakh
2. Land affected above underground components @ 15%
Rs. 12.276 lakh
Rs. 15.624 lakh
3. Land used for Infrastructure @ 20 %
Rs.16.368 lakh Rs. 20.832 lakh
4. Affected stretch of river on both banks of Diversion structure and Power house @ 20%
Rs.16.368 lakh Rs. 20.832 lakh
B. 50% on the basis of ratio of Population:
5. Funds Allocated in 50% Rs. 104.16 lakh Rs. 81.84 lakh Total Allocation for PAA(A+B) Rs. 186 lakh Rs. 186 lakh Sub-Total Allocation for
PAA(A+B) Rs. 372 lakh
II. ALLOCATION FOR PAZ (50% OF THE TOTAL LADF):
1. 20% Allocation to Affected Panchayats under PAZ
Rs. 69.20 lakh Rs. 54.80 lakh
2. 10% Allocation for Project Affected Block i.e. Tissa Block (Para 8.3)
Rs. 62 lakh
3. 10% Allocation for Project Affected District i.e. District Chamba, H.P. (Para 8.4)
Rs. 62 lakh
Sub-Total Allocation for PAA(1+2+3)
248 lakh
Grand Total (i + ii) 620.0 lakh
There are total 25 flour mills observed in the area between proposed trench weir sites and
power house site of Chanju-III project. The project proponent in coordination with LADC
shall provide the sufficient fund for the flour mills as part of LADP. The local area
development fund will be administered by a committee called Local Area Development
Committee (LADC) & entire developmental activities like water supply schemes;
development of approach roads, play grounds, community welfare center, market,
renovation of religious places and construction of Gharats etc. in the local areas will be
done by the LADC in consultation with affected gram panchayats member.
CHAPTER-14 MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF R&R
MEASURES
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CHAPTER-14
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
14.1 INTRODUCTION
Monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any water resources project. It is an
integral part of any environmental assessment process. Any water resources development
project introduces complex inter-relationships in the project area between people, various
natural resources, biota and the developing forces. Thus, a new environment is created. It is
very difficult to predict with complete certainty the exact post-project environmental
scenario. Hence, monitoring of critical parameters is essential in the project operation phase.
Monitoring of social indicators signal potential problems and facilitate timely prompt
implementation of effective remedial measures. The data so generated can serve as a data
bank for prediction of post-project scenarios in similar projects.
14.2 INSTITUTIONAL/ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF R&R
MEASURES
Appointment of Administrator at State Level
State Government of Madhya Pradesh shall appoint an officer not below the rank of
Joint Collector or Additional Collector or Deputy Collector or equivalent official of
Revenue Department, who will be responsible for R&R Plan at the State Level.
Administrator shall, with a view to enable him to function efficiently and to meet the
special time-frame, be provided with such powers, duties and responsibilities as may
be prescribed by the appropriate Government and provided with office
infrastructure and be assisted by such officers and employees who shall be
subordinate to him as the appropriate Government may decide.
Subject to the superintendence, directions and control of the appropriate
Government and the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, the
formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme
shall vest in the Administrator.
Commissioner for rehabilitation and Resettlement
The State Government shall appoint an officer of the rank of Commissioner or
Secretary of that Government for rehabilitation and resettlement of affected families
under this Act, to be called the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement.
The Commissioner shall be responsible for supervising the formulation of rehabilitation
and resettlement schemes or plans and proper implementation of each schemes or
plans.
The Commissioner shall be responsible for the post implementation social audit in
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consultation with the Gram Sabha in rural areas and municipality in the urban areas.
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee at Project Level
Where land proposed to be acquired is equal to or more than one hundred acres, the
appropriate Government shall constitute a Committee under the chairmanship of
the Collector to be called the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee, to
monitor and review the progress of implementation of the Rehabilitation and
Resettlement scheme and to carry out post-implementation social audits in
consultation with the Gram Sabha in rural areas and municipality in urban areas.
The Rehabilitation and resettlement Committee shall include ,apart from officers of
the appropriate Government, the following members, namely:-
- representative of women residing in the affected area;
- a representative of each schedule caste and schedule tribe residing in the affected
area
- a representative of a voluntary organization working in the area
- a representative of a nationalized bank the land acquisition officer of the project
- the chairperson of the panchayats or municipalities located in the affected area or
their nominees
- the chairperson of the district planning committee or his nominee
- the Member of Parliament and Member of Legislative assembly of the concerned
area or nominees
- a representative of the requiring body
- Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement as the member Convener.
The procedure regulating the discharge of the process given in this section and
other matters connected thereto of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Committee shall be such as may be prescribed by the appropriate Government.
14.3 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) must be simultaneous with the implementation of
Rehabilitation Plan. It requires specialized skill for application of general project monitoring
procedures to the process of land acquisition and rehabilitation. Conventional monitoring,
normally carried out by the Government machinery, often misses focus on certain vital
aspects and does not identify certain shortcomings, which may otherwise prove very
important. While the conventional government monitoring will continue, an external M&E
agency will also be engaged to help in proper monitoring of land acquisition and rehabilitation
programs. The main purpose of involving such an agency is to bring the problems and
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difficulties faced by the PAFs to the notice of Administrator R&R on a regular basis for their
redressal as well as to help in formulating and undertaking corrective measures. The external
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) agency can submit half yearly reports on the progress of
implementing Rehabilitation Master Plan (RMP) along with suggestions and corrective
measures required for improvement in the implementation of Rehabilitation Plan.
For Land Acquisition and rehabilitation program, M&E system will consist of:
i) Administrative monitoring;
ii) Socio-economic performance, and
iii) Impact evaluation.
Administrative monitoring will be conventionally carried out by SLAO, project authorities,
Resettlement Commissioner and other concerned government agencies/departments. The
focus will be on physical (like number of land holders affected and land based resettlement,
area identified for allotment to Village Level Committee, etc.) and financial (like
Proper collection and disposal of construction waste.
Development of Health post
Storage, handling , transportation and disposal of Hazardous waste
Disposal at
designated landfill sites
Contractor in consultation with Project Proponent
Contractor shall be responsible for disposal of construction waste and solid waste from construction camps. Contractor shall be responsible for Storage, handling, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste as per norms and regulation. The Project proponent shall assist and co- ordinate the development of health post and related activities.
2. Water Quality Construction
phase
Provision of community toilets, and Bio digesters
Provision of settling tanks.
Contractor in consultation with Project Proponent
Contractor shall be responsible
3. Terrestrial Flora
Construction phase
Provision of subsidized kerosene and LPG to construction workers and technical staff involved in construction activities.
Plantation
Contractor in consultation with Project Proponent
Contractor shall provide free fuel to construction worker and technical staffs
Project proponent In association with forest department, HP
4. Terrestrial Fauna
Construction phase
Anti-poaching measures
Contractor in consultation with Project Proponent
Contractor/Project Proponent in association with forest department, HP
5. Aquatic Ecology
Construction phase
Treatment through settling tanks
Contractor in consultation with Project Proponent
Contractor During the field study fish species is not found in the project area. However for benthic flora and fauna water quality is to be monitored and maintained.
6. Noise Environment
Construction phase
Maintenance of construction equipment
Provision of ear
plugs /ear muffs to workers operating in high noise areas.
Contractor in consultation with Project Proponent
Contractor shall be responsible
7. Air Environment
Construction phase
Commissioning of cyclone in crusher to be commissioned
Proper collection and disposal of solid waste at designated landfill sites.
Project Proponent
Project proponent shall be responsible for disposal of solid waste at designated landfill sites.
2 Water Resources
Operation phase
Minimum flow will be released to maintain the riverine ecology and dilution of domestic effluent.
Project Proponent
Project proponent shall be responsible for release of minimum flow
3 Water Quality Operation
phase Minimum flow will be
released
Commissioning of Sewage Treatment Plant
Project Proponent
Project proponent shall be responsible implementation of Sewage Treatment Plant and release of minimum flow
4 Terrestrial fauna
Operation phase
Anti-poaching measures
Forest Department, HP
To implement and monitor the various anti-poaching measures.
15.11 ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL
It is recommended that project authority shall establish an Environmental Management Cell
(EMC) at the project site with requisite manpower. The task of the Environmental and Social
Management Cell will be to coordinate various environmental activities, to carry out
environmental monitoring and to evaluate implementation of environmental enhancement
measures for positive impacts and environmental mitigation measures for negative impacts.
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The Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will report to the appropriate authority having
adequate powers for effective implementation of the Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) in various phase of project development. The institutional setup at corporate level in
HPPCL is shown in Figure-15.1.
Figure-15.1: Institutional Setup at Corporate Level in HPPCL
AE (Environment) Chanju-III HEP
CHAPTER-16 COST ESTIMATES
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CHAPTER-16
COST ESTIMATES
16.1 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The total amount to be spent for implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is
Rs. 3242.14 lakh or Rs. 32.45 crore. The details are given in Table-16.1.
Table-16.1: Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan S. No. Item Cost (Rs. lakh) 1. Compensatory Afforestation, and Bio-diversity conservation 124.96 2. Greenbelt development 10.00 3. Water Pollution Control 15.00 4. Environmental Management in labour camp 194.02 5. Public health delivery system 204.43 6. Muck management 248.00 7. Restoration and Landscaping of construction sites 116.00 8. Environmental Management in Road Construction 37.00 9. Air pollution control 47.88 10. Catchment Area Treatment 962.90 11. Energy Conservation measures 20.00 12. Rehabilitation of Project Affected Families 436.54 13. Local Area Development Plan 620.00 14. Monitoring And Evaluation For R & R 30.00 15. Environmental Monitoring during construction phase
(Refer Table-16.2) 173.91
Purchase of noise meter 1.50 Total 3242.14 say
Rs. 32.45 crore
16.2 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
The cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme is of
the order of Rs.173.91 lakh @ Rs.52.48 lakh/ year. The construction period for estimation
of cost for implementation of Environmental Monitoring programme during construction
phase has been taken as 3 years. A 10% annual price increase may be considered for every
year. The details are given in Table-16.2.
The cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme at
operation phase is of the order of Rs. 54.16 lakh/year. The details are given in Table-16.3.
Table-16.2: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during construction phase S. No.
Item Cost (Rs. lakh/year)
Total cost for construction period of 3 years with 10% escalation per year (Rs. lakh)
1 Water quality 0.96 3.18 2 Air quality 11.52 38.13 3 Ecology 30.00 99.30 4 Incidence of water related
diseases 10.00
33.30
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S. No.
Item Cost (Rs. lakh/year)
Total cost for construction period of 3 years with 10% escalation per year (Rs. lakh)
Total 52.48 173.91 Table-16.3: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during operation phase S. No Item Cost (Rs. lakh/year) 1 Water quality 4.16 2 Ecology 30.00 3 Incidence of water related diseases 15.00 4 Land use pattern 5.00 Total 54.16
CHAPTER-17 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT INVOLVED IN THE
CEIA STUDY
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CHAPTER-17
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS INVOLVED IN THE CEIA STUDY
The CEIA study has been conducted by WAPCOS Ltd., a government of India Undertaking
under Ministry of Water Resources. The company has a full-fledged Centre for Environment
who has conducted the above referred study. The list of the Experts involved in the CEIA
study is given in Table-17.1.
Table-17.1: List of Experts involved in the CIEA study S. No. Name Expertise Signature 1. Dr. Aman Sharma EIA Coordinator
Air Pollution Expert Water Pollution
Expert Solid Waste
Management Expert Hydrologist & Ground Water Expert
2. Dr. A. K. Sharma Ecology and Bio-diversity Expert
3. Mr. R.V. Ramana Noise Expert
4. Dr. K.K. Gaur Social Expert
5. Mr. S.M. Dixit Air Quality Expert
6. Mrs. Moumita
Mondal Ghosh Landuse Expert
HIMACHAL PRADESH POWER CORPORATION LIMITED (HPPCL)
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR CHANJU-III HYDRO ELECTRIC
PROJECT, HIMACHAL PRADESH
WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking)
1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. ISSUES RAISED DURING PUBNLIC HEARING 1 APPENDICES Appendix I H.P. State Pollution Control Board Public Notice Appendix II Proceedings of Environmental Public Hearing
PUBLIC HEARING DETAILS
HPPCL Pubic Hearing Details
WAPCOS Limited
1
PUBLIC HEARING DETAILS
1. INTRODUCTION
Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board has organized the 'Environmental
Public Hearing' of proposed Chanju-iii Hydroelectric Project (48 MW) under the
chairmanship of Additional District Magistrate(ADM), Chamba, Shri Vijay Kumar on
15.06.2017 at 1 1 . 0 0 A M , Jakhala Village, Churah Tehsil, District-Chamba. This public
hearing was conducted as per standard procedure under Govt. of India Notification
No.S.O.1533 dated 14.09.2006. The advertisements for Public Hearing were issued in
following newspaper.
1. Daily Post dated 10.05.2017
2. Himachal Dastak dated 12.05.2017
The copy of advertisements is enclosed as Appendix-I.
At the onset of public hearing, the representative o f Himachal Pradesh State Pollution
Control Board welcomed the chairman as well as public present in the meeting and
described the purpose and motive of Public hearing. Thereafter, the Project
management and their consultant described about the Project and the Environmental
Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan in detail. At last, the company
representative requested for co-operation from the local public for the implementation
of Project and expressed the company commitments towards the development of the
area and thanked the public for their presence in the public hearing.
Thereafter, the public hearing was started with the permission of the chairman. The
Assistant Environmental Engineer said to the public that a suitable platform is being
offered to you people for raising your thoughts, doubts and suggestions fearlessly on
environmental conservation. The minutes of meeting are enclosed as Appendix-II.
2. ISSUES RAISED DURING PUBLIC HEARING
The public hearing was started with the permission of the Chair, Various points raised by
the public and their replies by the company and Govt. Officers are given in Table-1.
Table-1: Issues raised and response given during Public Hearing
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He welcomed the Chairman ADM Chamba, General Manager & Deputy General Manager, HPPCL. Officials of HPSPCB, Tehsildar, BDO Tissa, local administration & Residents of nearby Panchayata
The General Manager, HPPCL replied that to solve the problem of electricity supply, the HPPCL will strengthening the transmission line from
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Distt. Chamba (HP) and villages in the ground of Dantui Mata Temple. He presented a demand letter and requested the chairman to ensure the public that every work in the project shall be started only after getting the consent to local people and to instruct the HPPCL management not to start any construction activity without taking the consent from local panchayats and people of the area. His demands are represents as under:
1. He asked for the permanent employment for all families of Gram Panchayat Dehra in the HPPCL project till the construction activities/ commissioning of Dehra-Chanju Project.
2. Adequate compensation should be given to the owner of the private land owner whose land would be acquired.
3. The HPPCL shall provide 70% of employment to the local unemployment families of the Gram Panchayat Dehra.
4. The HPPCL shall pay the full medical expenses in the illness of every member of the families of Gram Panchayat Dehra in all hospitals of Himachal Pradesh.
5. Free of cost electricity supply should be given to Gram Panchayat Dehra.
6. Free sand & bajri shall be supplied to the poor and
Tikrigarh to Gram Panchayat Dehra and HPPCL will deposit Rs. 2.5 Cr to the Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board for better strengthening of transmission line. The problem of Gharats (Water mills) will be sorted-out and local people will run flour mills from electricity.
He further said that the HPPCL has taken up the matter for the installing a mobile tower to solve the problem of communication services in the area. Also the office of HPPCL could be opened in the village here.
He said that as per the policy of HP Govt. the 70% of the employment in these projects shall be provided to the residents of Himachal Pradesh. The preference for employment in the skilled and non skilled class will be given to the local people of the area. In the unskilled class employment will given within the village and the skilled class preference will be given to the local residents as per their eligibility & qualifications.
He further said that
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needy families of Gram Panchayat Dehra.
7. HPPCL shall provide good education facilities and shall open English medium school in the Gram Panchayat Dehra.
8. The preference for the employment in the project shall be given to the local people of Gram Panchayat Dehra & Chanju as per their eligibility and qualification.
9. The small & major works i.e. Road work, Crate work & any other works shall be awarded in consultation with the Gram Panchayat Dehra-Chanju to the local & poor residents of Gram Panchayat Dehra & Chanju. So that people of the
10. The construction activities
of the proposed project shall be started only after getting the signature of higher authorities of HPPCL and DC Chamba on the Demand Letter of Gram Panchayat Dehra.
11. The office of the HPPCL Power Station Deothal-Dehra should be opened at village Dehra, so the problems of the people of the local shall be solved easily.
12. The HPPCL will compensate for any damage to the private land and houses of the local people, due to the construction activities of Deothal-Chanju Power Project.
13. All the HPPCL Hydel Projects proposed in Dehra-Chanju
HPPCL will deposit the LADA funds in the O/o DC Chamba. These funds will be utilized according to the suggestions & schemes received from the local Gram Panchayat of the area and the Deputy Commissioner will grant these funds as per the schemes approved in the meeting with the Gram Panchayat i.e. for construction of water tank, playground, community centers etc.
The Chairman ADM Chamba said that all the raw materials i.e. sand, bajri & machinery shall be transported through the Rope-way and very less private land will be acquired in this proposed project. After detailed consultation with HPPCL & private land owners, the fair & adequate compensation will be paid to all the owners of the private land being acquired.
The General Manager HPPCL said that as per the provisions of R&R plan the HPPCL will provide 100 unit/month free electricity supply to the entire project affected families. If a family uses fewer units than the sanctioned limit, HPPCL will compensate them for their remaining
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area should be run by HP Government, so the local people of the area could get the permanent job.
14. The 5% cost from the total cost of the HPPCL Power Project shall be spent on the developmental works in local Panchayat area.
15. If the HPPCL Company awarded their work to the contractors or other company, the construction work should be done with the consent of the Gram Panchayat Dehra, so local
face any difficulty for the employment.
16. The funds of LADA should be deposited timely in the account of Gram Panchayat, so that there could be no interruption in the development works.
17. The HPPCL shall appoint the educated and unemployed youth of the Gram Panchayat Dehra for the posts of Home Guards, Barrier Chowkidar & Store Chowkidar in construction activities of proposed project with the consent of Gram Panchayat Dehra.
18. The HPPCL will have to bring in confidence the Gram Panchayat Dehra for every construction activity in the Dehra-Deothal Power Station.
19. The HPPCL shall provide proper protection work in the concerned Nallah/Khad
units. The same medical facility
will be provided in the hospitals to the local people of the area as being provided to the officers/officials of the HPPCL.
He said that HPPCL will try to do the needful to provide sand & bajri to the poor people of the Gram Panchayat Dehra at appropriate rates.
He added that after the establishment of the office and colony of HPPCL good educational facilities like opening of school etc. in Gram Panchayat under LADA funds will be provided. In addition to this, the Gram Panchayat can upgrade the existing school or can make a playground in existing school by using LADA funds after getting the suggestions from the local Gram Panchayat.
He further said that under the provisions of R&R plan, the tenders up to Rs. 5 lakh will be allocated among the eligible contractors of local gram panchayat fulfilling the conditions of Labour Laws i.e. the contractor should have valid registration & EPF account.
The HPPCL has not given
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to avoid the land sliding in the area before starting of the construction activities of the power project.
20. He said that earlier a demand letter has already been submitted in the office of Deputy Commissioner Chamba, but no reply has been received by Gram Panchayat Dehra on this demand letter till date from the O/o of Deputy Commissioner Chamba.
21. There are eight Gharats (water mills) falls within the Kunda Daria. As hilly, heavily snow fall area & lack of electricity facility, the project proponent will have to discharge 20% of water for the smooth running of these Gharats and due to lack of electricity, the lifeline of the local people of the area are depends on these Gharats.
22. There should be provision for constructing of water tanks in each ward of Gram Panchayat Dehra and to provide four inch pipeline from Tangera Nallah to store water in these tanks.
23. If there will be any causality during construction activities in tunnel, the HPPCL have to pay of Rs. 40 lakh compensation and permanent employment to the affected family.
24. To avoid the land sliding below the Kunda village, it is necessarily to provide
any contract to any contractor for any construction activities of the project till date.
As per R&R Plan there is already a provision of compensation for any kind of damage to the property of the residents due to the construction activities of the project.
The representative of WAPCOS Ltd. Sh. Dixit said that there is provision of approx.. 4.01 crores rupees under LADA funds for the development of local area, out of which 60% (2.46 Cr) will be spend in the project affected area, 20% (Rs. 82 lakh) on the local panchayat, 10% (Rs. 41 lakh) on block level and remaining 10% (Rs. 41 lakh) on District level developmental works.
In addition to this, there is a provision of Primary Health Delivery system (4 employees- Doctor, auxiliary nurse, attended & Driver) with a budget of 1.66 cr. In addition to this, according to the policy of HPPCL there is a provision of medical fund of Rs. 25 lakh under R&R plan.
The General Manager HPPCL said that they will provide cement and RCC protection work on all Adits & muck will be disposed off at designated dumping sites.
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protection work before the construction activities of the project. The Gram Panchayat Dehra will not support the Project Proponent till the protection work has been provided in the Kunda village.
The HPPCL has already been given a detailed presentation of dumping sites to the HP State Pollution Control Board.
The Chairman ADM Chamba has clarified regarding the Demand Letter and said that this Public Hearing is conducted on the environmental issues related to the proposed projects. Whereas, most of the issues raised basically the demand and not the environmental related issues.
He also assured the public that their points raised in the demand letter, suggestions, issues etc. will be incorporated in the final EIA/EMP report thoroughly and forwarded to higher authorities for approval.
He said that as per the guidelines of the Government of HP, 15% discharge of water will always remain available in the downstream Deothal-Chanju Nallah.
He further said that for any death/casuality during the construction activity, the HPPCL will compensate according to the rules & regulations of Labour Laws.
He welcomed the Chairman ADM Chamba, General Manager & Deputy General Manager, HPPCL,
The Chairman ADM Chamba clarified that the points raised by Sh. Chain Lal are
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Tehsil Churah, Distt. Chamba (HP)
Officials of HPSLCB, Tehsildar, BDO Tissa, local administration & Residents of nearby Panchayats and villages in the ground of Maa Bhadrakali Dantui Mata Temple.
According to him the Environmental Public Hearing is being conducted here for the proposed project and as per his opinion the pollution is not an incurable disease and it can be controlled to the minimal harmless limits.
He added that our country is basically an agricultural country and 75% of its population resides in villages. There are many types of crops cultivated here and people are self-reliant on crops/grains.
There are many industries established in the India and due the establishment of these industries & Hydel Projects, our country is on the path of development.
He requested to the administration that few days ago there were damages to the crops of farmers and horticulturist due to hailstorms in the area. In this connection, he requested the administration to instruct the Revenue department to assess the damages to the crops of farmers & horticulturist and submit their damage assessment report to the administration. The administration shall pay the adequate compensation to
not associated with the subject of this public hearing & asked him to submit his general complaints in written to the administration.
He said that the matter for the establishment of the mobile tower as informed by the HPPCL authorities is under process and problem will be solved very soon.
He further said that the directions have already been issued for the assessment of loss of crops of farmers and horticulturist and report will be submitted through the Tehsildars/ Patwari of the area to the Distt. Administration. After that adequate relief will be released to the farmers.
He further directed the Naib Tehsildar Tissa to speed up the process of assessment of damages.
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the poor farmers and horticulturist for the loss of their crops.
The conditions of the road of the area are very poor and buses are not regularly run on these roads and HRTC sends the old buses to the routes of the area. He requested the administration that new buses should be send on these routes of far flung area to avoid any mishappening.
Last year the meeting with the people of Gram Panchayat Dehra & the General Manager HPPCL was held here and in the meeting he assured that a mobile tower will be established in the area, but no mobile tower is established till date here.
Also he requested to the administration to ensure proper LPG supply up-to the Gram Panchayar Dehra.
He welcomed the Chairman ADM Chamba, General Manager HPPCL, Forest Department, local administration & Residents of nearby Panchayats and villages in the public hearing.
He said that in this public hearing, there should be a detailed discussion on ill effects on the environment due to the establishment Deothal-Chanju & Chanju-III hydel projects. An environmental documentary of the views, comments, suggestions & objections of the local people should be prepared and forwarded to
The General Manager HPPCL replied that there are special guidelines for the safety measures for working in the tunnel and only ski9lled workers are allowed to work in the tunnel and only skilled workers are allowed to work in the tunnel as per the safety precautions.
Preference of employment will be given to the unskilled as well as skilled workers of the local affected area and 70% of employment to the people of Himachal
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the higher authorities for approval.
He said that earlier speakers have already expressed their views, comments & suggestions in this public hearing. The Himachal Pradesh Government is always making efforts to make the wholesomeness of Environment by means of prevention & control of Air & Water Pollution.
He also said that he wants to submit a documentary regarding environmental issues in this area due to these proposed projects. His concern is about that HPPCL will release 15% discharge of water in the downstream of Nallah and the problem of running the Gharats will be solved by the proper electricity supply in the area. He is well aware of the area and when about 4 feet of snow falls, there remained no electricity supply for one & half month in the area. He said that Gharats are the lifeline of this area and people are fully dependent on these Gharats. He added that the administration can understand the situation that how the people of local Panchayat will survive without the running of these Gharats.
His concern is that they have gathered here not only for listening the complaints but to put suggestions to the administration. His suggestion is that four inch pipe line may be laid down from the Jamyadu Nallah to the five wards of Gram Panchayat so that water can be stored in a
Pradesh should be ensured by the HPPCL.
He said that 15% discharge of water will always remain available in the downstream Deothal-Chanju Nallah to run the Gharats.
The representative of WAPCOS Ltd. Mr. Dixitclarified the issue of running Gharats that there always 15% of discharge of water will remain in the downstream of Nallah and in addition to this there will be a provision of electric flour mills, If any Gharat is affected due to shortage of water as well as there will be a provision of drinking water scheme and storage water tanks under the LADA funds. The Chairman ADM Chamba clarified that this is not the first Hydel Project which is being established in the State and it is a small capacity hydel project of 30 MW only. Whereas, there are many other hydel projects over capacity of 300 MW were established by the HPPCL & other private companies in the state.
There will only be two possibilities that either the Project should come in the area or not. He clarified that the establishment of the projects/Industries are beneficial for the development for the local people and the area.
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storage tank and this water could be used for the running of Gharats and problems of the area can be solved.
He again said that all the local people are aware that the 15% discharge of water will freeze in winter season and in the months of November & December the flow of water in the Nallah remains very low and they have to block flow of water in the nallah for running the Gharats. If they do not stop the water in the months of November & December, the Gharats will not be run on the natural flow of the nallah.
The brief description of budgetary EIA report of this proposed project has been given to the local people of the area
He expressed that a time has come for the citizens to strike a balance between rights & duties.
The chairman ADM Chamba assured public that this is not the final report and their suggestions, issues etc. will be incorporated thoroughly in the final EIA/ EMP report through proceedings and forwarded to higher authorities for approval.
The General Manager HPPCL on the incident of cracks and damage to the houses in the area of Bagehigarh clarified that there should be no comparison between a Private Company and a Government agency.
APPENDIX
APPENDIX-I
APPENDIX-II
AUGUST 2017
WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking)