Enlightenment & Exploration I. Intro II. Enlightenment A. Philosophes 1. Common Beliefs 2. Science 3. Government III.Age of Discovery A. Spain B. France C. England IV. Conc. Key Terms • Immanuel Kant • Isaac Newton • John Locke • Compact Theory • Spirit of the Laws • Montesquieu • Deism • Cortéz • Ponce de León • de La Salle • Jamestown • John Smith • French/Indian War
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Key Terms• Immanuel Kant• Isaac Newton• John Locke• Compact Theory• Spirit of the Laws• Montesquieu• Deism• Cortéz• Ponce de León• de La Salle• Jamestown• John Smith• French/Indian War
Enlightenment
• German Philosopher• He “defined” the
Enlightenment
Immanuel Kant(1724-1804)
Common Beliefs
1. Question EVERYTHING & apply rational/ scientific thought to the world
2. Deism
Deism(Religious Philosophy)
• Saw God as a “divine watchmaker” who created the universe but then never interfered on earth again
• Supported religious toleration & freedom
• Both Jefferson & Franklin were influenced by Deism
Science
• “Discovered” the law of gravity.
• Explained how the Universe was organized by using rational laws.
Isaac Newton
(1642-1727)
GovernmentCompact Theory
1. All have natural rights of life, liberty & property.
2. To protect rights, people establish a government with limited powers.
3. The people have the right to revolt if the government oversteps its powers.
John Locke
(1632-1704)
Government
• Goal: Protect people’s liberty from the government
• How: “Power should be a check to power…”
Montesquieu Montesquieu (1689-1755)(1689-1755)
Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Separation of Powers/ US Constitution
Legislative Branch Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Spanish ExplorerChristopher Columbus
(1451-1506)
“Discovered” America
Hernando Cortés
• Found wealth at Aztec city of Tenochtitlán.
• Successfully conquered Aztecs.
(1485-1547)(1485-1547)
• Led 500 soldiers who landed at Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1519.
Another Spanish Explorer
Ponce de León
(1450-1521)
Explored Florida; others established St. Augustine (first European settlement in the US).
French Explorer
Explored & established posts along the Mississippi. He named the region that he explored...
In honor of his king (Louis XIV)
LOUISIANA
Robert Cavalier Sieur (Lord) De La Salle
(1643-1687)
French Explorer
• A fur trader/explorer.
• Founded Fort Detroit (1701) which eventually flourished as a fur trading post.
Antoine Cadillac(1658-1730)
English Settlements
Jamestown, VA
(1607)
The first “successful” permanent English settlement in North America
Jamestown’s Troubles
May 1607 144 Settlers
January 1608 38 left alive
John SmithDecember 1608 200 Settlers
June 1609 188 left alive
December 1609 500 Settlers
Smith Leaves
May 1610 100 Settlers
Economic Boom
Tobacco Plant
Tobacco Dominates Economy & Life
Smokers in England
Cultivating Tobacco
Population of North America in 1750
French 50,000
English 1,200,000
Years Of Warfare
• King William’s War (1689-1697)
• Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)
• King George’s War (1744-1748)
• French/Indian War (1754-1763)
Destruction of Lower Town, Quebec, by English Bombardment
Key Terms• Immanuel Kant• Isaac Newton• John Locke• Compact Theory• Spirit of the Laws• Montesquieu• Deism• Cortéz• Ponce de León• de La Salle• Jamestown• John Smith• French/Indian War