ljiii!!$ir:lirrli ,,
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
ljiii!!$ir:lirrli ,,
M lnternutksnatEnglish Todoy12. Lower inlermediole level book four
O 2010 E-ducotion.ii S.p.A., Florenfo, llolioAll rights reserved
Director editoriol: Cinzio CoiozzoRedoctor-;ef: Meri Borlolocci, Filippo MelliRedociori: Frqncesco Bionchi, Borboro Boddi, Giulio Ricci
Aceostd edifie 2010 peniru Ediluro Literoopore sub licenfo E-ducotion.it S.p.A., Florenfo, llolioToote drepturile rezeryole
Edifie originold@ 2006 English [email protected]
1f,.^aLflt@
il;:i,",.'O. P.53; C.P.212, sector4, Bucuregti, Romdnioiel.: 031 425 16'19; e-moil: [email protected]
Ne putefi vizito pe
Troducere: Morino Loghin
Editor: Vidrogcu qi fiiiCoordonqre proiecl: llieg CdmpeonuCopertd: Vlodimir Zmeev, Vlod PonfilovTehnoredcctore 9i prepress: Anco Suciu
Descriereo CIP o Bibliotecii Nofionole o RomdniciEnglish Todoy / irod.: Morino Loghin - Bucurcpti:
Lilero lniernofionql, 20,l 0.22 vol.tsBN 978-973-675-9 44-4Vol. l2 . - ISBN 978-606-600-010-9
l. Loghin, Morino (trod.)
Sll.lll
rsBN 978-606-600-0 r 0-9
Tipdrit lo G.Conole, Bucuregli
ENGLIS*d,a)LOWER I NTERM EDIATE Level
COU RSEBOOK FOU R
Nivel INTERMEDIAR 1
VOLUMUL 1 2
t*
zeL3U
ooFI
=zU
Cuprins
Lecfio 9
Thot's life! Are you reolly sisters?7 Sceno l: Two sislers meons twice the work!9 Sd infelegem
l0 Focus
Recopiluloreo com porolivului20 Exercifii
22 Scenq 2: You two ore completely different!24 Sd infelegem
25 Focus
Recopituloreo superlotivului3l Exercifii
33 Vocqbulqr
Lecfio l0Thot's life! One of those doys35- Sceno l: You've been in there for over on hour!
37 Sd infelegem
38 Focus
,,Presenl Perfecft47 Exercifii
49 Sceno 2: Who knows whol hqs chonged since then?
5l Sd infelegem
52 Focus
Folosireo,,Presenl Per{ecl"58 Exercifii
50 Vocobulor
Television Progrompes
Let's tolk63 The City of London
66 Sd infelegem
57 Focus
City of London: ou gi melropolele o inim671 Exercilii
Let's tolk75 Migrotion
78 Sd infelegem
79 Focus
Volizo in mdnd... se pleoc6!
83 Exercifii
87 Solufiile exerci;iilor
43oLIoo6JuUJqFIou:e.uF
=du
=oJ
Lecfio 9
Thot's life!Are you reolly sisters?Anne primegle o telegrom6: soro ei Kimberly sosegte in orog.Tofi se inlreobd docd surorile sunl lo fel gi... cu oceleogimonii.in porteo de gromoticd focem recopituloreo comporotivuluigi o superlotivului.
Two sislers meons twice lhe work!
SCENA I
Alice (vorbepfe dinfr-o oltd comerd): Good morning. Oh,thonk you! (lntrd in bucdtdrie, unde se ofld Anne core igi iomicul deiun ) Anne, ihere's o telegrom for you!Anne: Oh, for me? I wonder who il's from... (ludndfelegromo) Oh, it's from ltoly...
Alice: Come on, Anne, tell me who il is from... You knowl'm dying of curiosity!Anne (citind): lt's from my sister Kimberly... She soys she'scoming to visit me. She's orriving on Thursdoy.
Alice: Todoy is Thursdoy!Anne: Oh, my God. lt is!Whot... Oh... Whot, now 1... I hoveto tidy up ond do the shopping (uitdndu-se in iur) ond... Thehouse needs o good cleoning os well!
e
oEYoo6
JUUJ
uFIou:duF
=e,U)oJ
u
=zzo
U
ooFI2
zU
Alice: Slow down, qnd colm down, Anne! We've gol time...So who is older, you or your sisler?Anne: lom.
Alice: And ore you similor or different?Anne: Well... We're quite different... She's shorter thonI om ond she's gol blue eyes.
(Sosegte Jock.)
Jock: Hey, whot ore you tolking obout?Alice: About Anne's sister, Kimbedy... She's orriving thisofternoon.
Jock: Greot! I con'l woit to meel her. ls she qs cute os you,Anne?Anne: Slop being silly, Jock! You're the biggest iokerI know... I hove to get going now... Remember, don'i leoveihe house in o mess! (lese.)
Alice: ls ihot oll she thinks oboui when someone is coming?Cleoning, vocuuming, ridying up ond dusting? Do you thinkKihrberly is worse thon Anne? lf so, we're going to hoveq lot of work to do!Jock: Thot's right! Two sislers meons twice the work!
So infelegem(Solufii lo pog. 87)
Verificd docd oi infeles diologul onterior, rdspunzdnd lointrebdrile core urmeozd. Docd oi dificultdli, pofi revedeoepisodul video pe DVD sou pofi consuho vocobulorul delo sfdrgitul lecfiei.
ll When is Kimberly orriving?tr o) This ofternoontr b)Tomorrow morningtr c) The doy ofter tomorrow
H Anne is younger ihon her sister.E Truetr Folse
E Whot is Kimberly like?tr o) Toller thon Annetr b) Prettier lhon Annetr c) Shorter lhqn Anne
h Whot does Anne osk Jock qnd Aiice before she goesoul?tr o) To cleon the houseD b) To ridy lhe housetr c) Not to leove the house in o mess
c)oEYoooJuU)uFIoU:d,UF
=&u
=oJ
4
4z2o6
uJ
ooFI6
ozU
Focus
Recopitulqreq comporqtivuluiFolosim formo de comporotiv pentru o foce o comporofie inlredoud (grupuri de) lucruri, persoone sou ocfiuni. Comporofioprivegle odiective sou odverbe, dor gi subslonlive gi verbe.Formele de comporoliv pentru odiective 9i odverbe sunt trei:de superioritole, de egolitote 9i de inferioritote. 56 revedemrepede loote cele irei forme.
COMPARATIVUL DE SUPERIORITATE
Pentru o formo comporolivul de superioritote ol odiectivelorgi ol odverbelor se odougd ori sufixul ,,-er" ori odverbul
,,more". Cel de ql doileo termen ol comporofiei se introduceprin odverbul ,,ihon".in cozul odiectivelor sou ol odverbelor monosilobice gi olodieciivelor gi ol odverbelor bisilobice core se termind in ,-y",,-owt' , ,,-e" , ,,-er" , rr-|e", comporotivul se formgozd oddugdndsufixul ,,-er":
fost (rapid/d)
lucky (norocos/oosd)
slow (lent/d)
My cor is fosterlhon yours
Shoron is luckierlhon Anne
+ -er ) foster (moi ropid/d)
+ -er ) luckier (moi norocos/oosd)
+ -er ) slower (moi lenf/dl
Mogino meo este moi ropidddecdt o tq
Shoron este rnoi norocoosddecdt Anne
Your computer is slower Colculolorul tdu este moi lenfthon mine decdt ol meu
fine minte urmdioorele voriofii orlogrofice:
. odiectivele core se lermind in o-y" precedol de consoondformeozd comporotivul oddugdnd sufixul ,,-ier" (gi nu ,,-er"):
pretty (drdgul/61 -y * -ier ) pretlier (moi drdguf/d)
. odiectivele monosilobice core se termind in ,,vocold+ consoond" formeozd comporolivul dubl6nd ultimoconsoond gi oddugdnd sufixul ,,-er":
thin (slobld) + -n + -er ) thinner (moi slab/d)
With thor skirt onyou look prettier
She's thinner lhonshe should be
Egti moi drdguldcu fuslo oio
Eo esfe moi slobd decdt orlrebui
Ne vedem moi lirziu
. odiectivele monosilobice core se termind cu un ,,-e" mulformeozd comporotivul oddugdnd numqi ,,-r" (fi nu ,,-er"):
lote (tdrziu) +r)loter (moi tdrziu\
See you loter
Fii otent:- odiectivele bisilobice core se termind in ,-e", ,,-er" gi ,,-ow",precum gi unele odiective - dintre core /,common" (comun),
,pn)el" (crud),,,pleosont" (pldcut) gi ,,quiet" (linrgtrt) - pol formocomporolivul de superioritote otdt cu sufixul ,,-e/', cdt gi cuodverbul ,,more" (exemplu: Jock is more clever/cleverer thonhis brolher ) Jock e moi inleligenl decdt frolele lui);
cfoLYooE
JUuJ
uF1ou:e.uF
=eu
=oJ
u7
2zortmuJ
ooFI2ozU
- in cozul comporotivelor unor odiective de origine lolind,cum sunt,,superior" sou ,rinferior", lermenul de comporofiee introdus de ,,1o" in loc de ,,lhon" (exemplu: This poper isinferior to thot one ) Aceostd hlrfie e de colitofe inferioordfold de oceeo).
Celelolte odiective pi odverbe bisilobice (dintre coreodverbele core se lermind in ,-y"l gitoote celelolte odiectiveformeozd comporotivul de superioriiote pundnd inoinleoodjectivului sou o odverbului in chesliune, core rdmdneneschimbot, odverbul,,more" (rnoi):
useful (util/6)
corefully (orefi/6)
difficult (greu)
Words ore more usefullhon weopons'People
should lislen morecorefully lo eoch oiher
h's more difficult thonit seems
) more useful (moi util/dl
) more corefully (moi ofent/d)
) more difficult (moi greu)
Cuvinfele sunt moi ulile decdtormele
Oomenii or frebui sd se
oscuhe moi olenl unii pe ollii
Esfe moi greu decdl se pore
Co 9i in cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor, substonlivele,otdi lo singulor cdt gi lo plurol, formeoz6 comporoiivulpundnd inoinie odverbul ,,more".
I reod more booksthon you
Citesc moi multe cdrlidecdl tine
in cozul verbelor, comporotivul se formeozd cv expresio
,,more thon" (moi mull decdt) pusd chior imediot dupd verb.
Cdnd ocfiuneo despre core se vorbegte este identicd cu
o celui de ol doileo lermen ol comporofiei, deci cdnd este
vorbo s6 foci o comporofie intre dou6 modolitali de cexeculo oceeogi ocfiune, verbul celui de ol doileo termen ol
comporofiei se inlocuiegte cu ouxiliorul corespondent, o9o
incdt sd se eviie repetifiile, cu un nume propriu de persoond
sou cu un pronume complement obieci:
You eol more lhon Mdndnci moi mult decdtyou should or lrebui
COMPARATIVE NEREGUTATE
Urmdloorele odiective gi odverbe formeozdin mod neregulol:
efoEYoooJU
UJ
UFIou:duFzd,U
=o)
sood (bun/d) well (bine) better (mqi bun/6, bine)
bod (rdu/reo) bodly (rdu) worse (moi rdu/reo)
little (micld, pufin) less (moi mic/d, putinl
much (multld), mony (mulli/mullel more (moi mult/mulli)
fun (dislrocfiv/d) more fun (moi distrqcliv/d)
for (deporfe)furnher/forther (rnoi
deporle; ulterior)
old (bilrAn/d) older/elder (mai bdtrdn/d,moi mqre co vdrsfd)
Todoy my heodoche is
worse thon yeslerdoy
Don't wolk further thonlhe crossroods
Azi md doore copul mairdu decdl ieri
Nu fe duce mc,i departede intersecfie
uz,
z
OIAuJ
ooF
==z
Jine minte diferenfo dinire,,furlher" 9i ,,forther": omdndoudinseomnd ,,moi deporle", insd door,,furlher" poole fi folositgi cu semnificofio ,,ulterior".,,Older" gi ,,elder" inseomnd ,,moi bdlrdn". insd ,,elder"pooie fi folosit doqr cu substqnlive core exprimd grode derudenie.
PARTTCUTARTTATT iN FOtOSIREACOMPARATIVUTUI
inointeo formelor de comporotiv se poi pune ,,ony" gi ,,no".Observd exemplele:
I will woit for you no longer Nu le voi ogfepfo moi mult dethon 1 5 minuies 15 minule
Yeslerdoy Ben hod o fever. Ieri, Ben o ovul febrd. Se
Does he feel ony better simte cevo moi bine ostdzi?todoy?
Se poole dublo comporolivul pentru o ordto cd o colilote segchimbd continuu. Acest uz corespunde expresiilor,,din ce
in ce moi mult/pulin".
She's becoming more ond Eo devine din ce in ce moimore onxious temdloare
4toEYoooJuuJ
UFIoU:uuF
=eu
=UJ
Coll me if you need furtherinformolion
My elder brolher is
older thon you
Sund-md docd oi nevoie deinformolii ullerioore
Frolele meu moi more esfemoi more (mai in vdrstd)decdt tine
irurAnr REA coMPARATtvELoR
Comporotivul odiectivelor, ol odverbelor, ol verbelor gi olsubslontivelor lo singulor poote fi precedot de formele deintdrire,,much" (mult), ,,lor" (mult), ,,olol" (mulf, foarle mulf,o grdmodd), ,,o bit" (un pic/pufin), ,a little" (un pic/pufinlgi ,,slightly" (ugor).
Your English is gettingbrlter qnd better
Englezo lo se imbundfdfegtedin ce in ce moi mult/continuu
ln ltoly wine is for/much/o lot cheoper thonin Englond
l'd like lo be on holidoyo bit/o little more oftenThol troin is slightlyfosler thqn this one
in ltolio, vinul esfe mult moiieftin decdt in Anglio
Mi-or pldceo sd fiu in voconlipufin moi des
Trenulocelo e pulin moi ropiddecdl oceslo
Substontivele lo plurol, in schimb, sunt precedole de formode ?nt6rire ,,mony" qi ,,for" , cu sensul de ,,mult":
Heleno hos mony/for more Heleno ore mult moi mul1i
friends thon Andrew prieteni decdl Andrew
Putem pune in corelofie doud comporolive pentru o indicofoptul cd un eveniment depinde de oltul (comporofie demdsu16 progresivd). [n oceosld siluofie, comporolivelelrebuie precedote ?nlotdeouno de orticolul hoidrdt ,,lhe"i
The more you study, Cu cdf invefi moi mult,lhe cleverer you gel cu atdl devii moi inleligent
The fosler you run, Cu cll alergi moi repede,lhe sooner you'll orrive cu otdl oiungi moi curdnd
The less you sleep, Cu cdt dormi moi pufin,lhe weoker you feel cu atdt fe simli moi sldbif
gt
zo6
uJ
ooF
==z
Un coz speciol il reprezinid folosireo corelotivului cu ,,beller" ,
core corespunde cu ,re moi bine".Penlru subslontive, comporolivul de egolilole se formeozdostfel:
Ac much t substontiv non-numdrqbil + osAs mony + substontiv plurol + ns
You buy os mqny CDs os Cumperi lot oldteo CD'uriI do/me cdfe curnpdr eu
She drinks os much wqler Eo beo lol ol6to opd cdl elor he does
$i in cozul ocesto formo negolivd poole inlocui sdeseoperfecl comporoiivul de superioriiole sou de inferioritote.
Not os/nol so much t subslontiv non-numdrqbil + osNol oslnol so mony + substontiv plurol + cs
I don'l hove os pony doys Nu orn ollfeo zile libere cdleoff os I would like of vreo
= I hove less doys off ihon : Am moi puline zile liberel'd like decdl og vreo
in sfdrgit, pentru verbe,formeozd osffel:
Vcrb + qs much os
He works os much os I do(-")
comporolivul de egolitote se
El muncegfe cdl/tot otdl cdlmine
4toYooEJq
UJ
uFIou:euF
=d,q
=oJ
COMPARATIVUT DE EGALITATE
Folosim comporotivul de egolitole pentru o indico egolitoteodintre doud (grupuri de) lucruri sou persoone. Pentru
odiective gi penlru odverbe se folosegte urmdlooreo form6:
As + odiecliv/odverb + ss
She's os clever os he is /him Eo este c6f el de inteligenfd
Anne is qs cute qs her sister Anne e tot atdt de drdguldco gi soro ei
Lo formo negotivd, comporotivul de egolitote poole inlocuiodeseo perfect comporolivul de superioritole sou deinferioritote:
Not oslnot so + odiectiv/qdverb + os
The sooner you leovethe better
Henry is not so hoppyos Louro (is): Louro is hoppierthon Henry
Cu cdf pleci moi devreme,cu ol6t (e) mai bine
Henry nu esfe. tot ol6t defericil cdt Louro: Loure este moi fericitddecdt Henry
u
7
aoau
oFI
=ozU
in propozifiile negotive, comporolivul de egolitote se
construiegte pundnd verbul lo formo negoliv6 urmot de,,os
much os"; chior giin cozul ocesto, comporotivul de egolitote
esie un inlocuitor perfect ol comporotivului de superioritote
sou de inferioritoie.
Formd negolivd s verbului * os much ss
They didn't ptoy os much Ei/ele nu s-ou jucot ol6t cdt
os they wonled qr fi vrul
Fii otent: in fofo comporotivului de egoliiote se pot folosi
numerolele odverbiole de contitoie ,,twice" (de doud ori),
,,three limes" (de trei ori) etc. in cozul ocesto, se schimb6
,ensul, devenind o formd de comporotiv de superioritote
(exemplu: This house is twice os big os thot one ) Coso
oceoslo este de doud ori moi more decdt oceeo)'
COMPARATIVUI DE INFERIORITATE
in englezd, comporotivul de inferiorilote este pufin folosit,ior Tn locul lui se preferd formo negotivd o comporotivuluide egolitote (,,nol os/so os").in cozul odiectivelor, ol odverbelor gi ol substontivelor lo
singulor, comporotivul de inferioritole se forrneozd pundnd
inointe ,,less" (moi pufinl. Cel de ol doileq lermen ol
comporofiei este inlrodus de odverbul ,,lhon" (decdf).
Lsss + odiectiv/odverb/substanliv non-numdrabil +lhon
I om less selfish lhqn him Eu sunf mai pulin egoisf
. decdt el
She drinks less coffee thon Eo beo moi pulind cofeoI dolme decdt mine
Cu substoniivele lq plurol, comporotivul de inferioriloie se
formeozd pundnd inoinle ,,fewer" (moi pufini/el:
Fewer + substonliv plurol * thun
I hove fewer clothes thon Am moi puline haine decdlmy sister soro rneo
Cu verbele, comporotivulostfel:
Verb+less*thEn
You speok less thqn I do(.")
de inferiorilote se formeozd
ctoEvoo6
JU
UJ
uFIou
=duFze,q
=oJ
Tu vorbeSlimine
mot
l8
pufin decdl
u7zzotau
ooFI2ozU
20
Exercifii(Solufii lo pos. 87)
Acum inceqrcd sd exersezi din nou formele comporolivuluipe core locmoi le-oi recoPituloi.
EXERCITIUL I
Completeozd propozifiile, introducdnd formq corecld de
comporoliv o odiectivelor dintre poronteze.
8Romeis............... London'
(crowded)
E But it is olso . London.
(beouriful)
H Probobly life in London is............ .. in Rome'
(lively)
E But, in generol, life in Rome is .............. in London'(good)
EXERCaT,UL 2
Completeozd propozifiile, troducdnd corect formocomporotivului din romdnd, oflold intre poronleze.
EAnne...... ... Kimberly.(nu e drdgufd co)
EShe is............... Kimberly.(pufin moi inoltd decdi)
E Ann" is getting(din ce in ce moi lemdloore)
E Kimberly is ..............(mult moi reloxotd)
efoLYoooJq
uJ
uFsou:e,UF
=u,U
=oJ
E
,rtuJ
oFI6
ozU
22
You lwo ore comPletelY differenl!
SCENA 2
E seord. Jock gi Alice sunl in sufrogerie' Inlrd Anne 9i soro
ei, Kimberly.
Jock: Hi Anne. So you must be Kimberly..' h's o pleosure'
l'm Jock!Kimberly: Hello, Jock, Anne hos told me so much oboul
you!
Alice: Hi, l'm Alice. You live in Rome, don't you? So, how
is life in ,,bello" ltoly?Kimberly: Wonderful! My fother roised me in Americo,
ihough, but ltoly is the mosl foscinoting country in lhe world, os
for. o's llm concerned! lts history, the ort'.' And, of course, lhe
best food in the world! Whot else con onyone osk for? And, of
course, the ltoliqns ore lhe most likeoble people in the world!
Jqck: You ore ,l00%
right! Just look ot me"' l'm originolly
from Bologno, which is one of the best cities in the world
when it comes to eoting well!Kimberly: I know Bololno well. ll's o beoutiful city, even if
I do prefer Rome. Rome is much bigger ond more exciting'
So, how does London comPore?
Alice: London isn't ihot bod... Aporl from lhe weother"'
It certoinly is much colder thon in ltoly!
Jock: And the British ore... Well... How should I soy this?
They're... Less clever ihon the ltoliqns!
Kimberly: Woich yourseff, Jock! Woich whot you're
soying...Anne-: Yes! You know Kimberly ond I ore both Britishl Well,
l'm more British thon she is'..
c)oEYoooJuuJ
uFIou:d,uF
=eu;oJ
Jock: You're right! Well... I wos tolking obout British men,
of course,
(Soresc Shoron 9i Pefer.)
Annr: Kimberly, this is Peter ond Shoron. They live in theopodment nexl door.Klmbtrly: h's o pleosure to meet you!
Shqron: So, Kimberly, Anne told us thot you're ottendingArl School in Rome... You know, I wonled to study ortwhen I wos o little girl... But in the end, I decided to study
orchoeology, insteod.Klmbrrly: Thol's interesting! And Peter, whot do you do?
Prlrr: l'm on octor... And I do o little singing... l'm ociingin o musicol ot the moment.Klmberly: Whot o greol coreerl
Anne: Yes, but il's certoinly less stressful thon Jock's line ofwork... He works o lot horder thon Peter... Acluolly, he's lhehordest working person in the house!Alice: And l'm the person lhot hos ihe most fun!
Klmberly: Speoking of fun, whot sholl we do this evening?I would love lo go outl h's been so long since I losl comelo London!Anne: Well, why don'l we go io the cinemo?
Kimberly: Come on, Anne, lhol's so boring! Why don'l wedo something more exciting? I don't know... We could goto lhe pub ond get something to eol... And, ond ofter thot,why don't we go lo o disco?Alice: Wow, whot o surprisel You two ore completelydifferentl
'I
u
2
o0uJ
ooFI
=zU
5d Tnfelegem(Solufii lo pos.88)
Verific6 doc6 oi infeles sceno, r6spunzdnd lo urmdtoorele
Tntrebdri:
E Where did Kimberly grow up?
tr o) ln llolytr b) ln Americotr c) ln Englond
H Kimberly likes Rome becouse:E o) lt's big but quiettr b) You eol well theretr c) lt's big ond there's lots to do
E Anne thinks thot Peler's work is os stressfull os Jock's one'
E Truetr Folse
E Kimberly wonts to go:tr o) To lhe cinemo ond lhen to the Pubtr b) To the pub, lhen o discotr c) Somewhere quiet
Focus
Recopitu lqreo su perlqtivu I ui
3e folosegle superlotivul penlru o confrunto un singur obiecttou o singurd persoond cu un grup inireg sou pentru oaxprimo o colilote ori o corocleristicd dusd lo grodul moximlou lo grodul minim. Se foce dislincfie inlre superlotivulrololiv gi superlotivul obsolul. Primul exprimd grodul moxim(ruperlotiv relotiv de superioritote) sou minim (superlotivrelotiv de inferioritote) ol unei colitAli fofd de un lermen decomporofie. Se vorbegle, in schimb, de superlotiv qbsolut
c0nd grodul moxim ol unei onumite colitAli este exprimotfird nici un fel de comporofie. Sd revedem cele trei formeolc superloiivului:
SUPERIATIVUt RETATIV DE SUPERIORITATE
Superlotivul reloliv de superiorilole se formeozd qstfel:
. in cozul odieciivelor gi ol odverbelor monosilobice gi olodieclivelor bisilobice core se lermin6 in u-y", ,,-ow", ,,-e",,,-et" , ,r-le" se odougd sufixul ,r-est". Superlotivul reloiivc precedotinlotdequno de orticolul hotdndl ,,lhe":
young (tdndr/d) + -est ) youngesl (cel mai ldndr)
lucky (norocos/oosd) + -esl ) luckiest (celmoi norocos)
slow (tenl/d) + -esl ) slowest (cel moi lent)
Louis is lhe youngest ofmy flotmotes
Louis esle cel moi tdndrdintre colegii mei deoportomenl
4foL
YoooJuUJ
uFsou:d,uF
=eU
=oJ
t,
u&2z0
J
oFI
=ozu
Chontol is the luckieslperson I know
The seo horse isthe slowest fish in lhe seo
Chontol este ceo moi
norocoosd persoond Pe core
o cunosc
Cdlulut de more este cel rnoi
lent pegfe de more
dfoEYoooJUuJ
uF5ou:0/,UF
=eu>oJ
. in cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor monosilobice core ,
se termind in u'y" precedot de consoond, se elimind u'Y"
gi se odougd sufixul ,,-iesi":
hoppy (fericit/d\' y + -iesl ) the hoppiest (cel moi fericil)
They ore lhe hoppiest Sunt ceo moi fericitd pereche
couple I know Pe core o cunosc
. in cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor.monosilobice core
se iermind Tn ,vocold * consoond", se dubleozd consoono
finold inointe de o od6ugo sufixul ,,-esl":
hot (cold/d) + -t + 'est t the hottesl (celmoi cold)
Augusl is the holtesl month August esfe. luno ceo
of the yeor coldd o onului
. in cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor monosilobice core se
iermind cu un ,,-e" mut, se odougd door consoonele "-st":
mo,
nice (drdguf/d\ +
Mory's the nicest girlin my town
-st ) lhe nicest (celmoi drdguf)
Mary esle ceo moi drdguldfotd din oro9ul meu
r tn cozul celorlqlte odiective gi odverbe bisilobice 9i olluluror odiectivelor 9i ol odverbelor de lrei sou de moi multerllobe, se pune Tnoinleo odiectivului squ q qdverbului inchcrtiune,,lhe most"(cel /ceo moil:
enlertoin ing (di stroctiv / d)
rpcciol (speciol/6)
Tctris is still one of themotl entertoininggomes in the world
) lhe most (cel moienlertoining distroctiv)
) the mosl (cel moispeciol speciol)
Tetrisul?ncd esle utnul dinlrecele moi disfroctive iocuri dinlume
Lo ruperlotivul relotiv, cel de ol doileo lermen ol comporofiei!c inlroduce cu uno dinlre urmdtoorele prepozifii:
ln (tn, de lo): docd ql doileo lermen ol comporofiei se referdlo un grup sou lo un loc
of (dintre): docd se referd lo un onumil numdr de persoonerou de lucruri, ori lq o perioodd de tirhp
Omong (dintre): docd se referd lo un onumit numdr depgrsoone sou de lucruri
lhot (core/pe core): inointeo unei propozifii relotive. Adeseo
olhol" esie omis.
t.
U
z
o6uJ
oUFIIozU
28
SUPERLATIVE NEREGU IATE
Urmdtoorele odiective gi odverbe ou lo superlotiv forme
neregulote:
The Sun is lhe neoresl stor
to Eorth
Soorele este sleouo ceo moi
opropiotd de Pdmdnt
Nu uito diferenfo dintre ,,furthest" 9i ,,fodhest": omdndoud
inseomn6 ,,cel moi deporle, indepdrtot", insd numoi
,,furthest" poote fi folosit 9i cu sensul de ,,extrem"'',,Old.r'gi
,,elder" inseomnd ,,cel moi bdlr6n"' Tnsd numoi',,.ti"r'" pootu fi folosit cu substqntive core exprim6 grode
de rudenie.,,The lofest" inseomnd ,,cel moi recenl, ceo moi recent6"'
odi.a ultl-ul Tn succesiune cronologicd. ultimul in funcfie
de o enumerore esle, in schimb, ,,lhe losl"'
IUPERTATIVUT RETATIV DE INFERIORITATE
Supcrloiivul relotiv de inferiorilote se foloseqle pufin gi se
preferd inlocuireo lui cu superlotivul relotiv de superioriloteol odiectivului opus co sens.
ln cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor, superlolivul reloliv delnferioritote se formeozd pundnd inoinieo lor,,lhe leost" (cel
moi pulinl. Al doileo termen ol comporofiei este introdusda uno dinlre prepozifiile ,,of", ,,in" gi ,,omong", cum se
lntdmpld lo superlolivul reloiiv de superiorilote.
Jock is the leost politeof my friends
Do you know lhe leostllprnsive wcy to collSpoin?
Jock esfe cel moi pufinpoliticos dintre prielenii mei
$t,i modolifoteo ceo moipufin costisitoore de o vorbicu Sponio?
eu substontivele lo plurol, superlotivul de inferioritole se
formcozd pundnd inoinleo qcestuio ,,ihe fewesl" (cei moipvlini /cele moi pulinel.
He mode the fewestmirlokes of oll
El a fdcut cele moi pulinegregeli dinlre toli
efoEYoo6
JUUJ
uF-Iou
=&uF4uU
=oJ
good (bunlo) well (bine)the besl (cel moi bun, cel mqi
bine)
bod (rdu) bodly (rdu) lhe worsl (cel moi rdu)
little (micld) lhe leqsl (cel moi mic, miniml
much (multld) mony (mul1i/
multe)lhe mosl (cel moi mult, moximl
for (deporte)the furthest/forlhesf (cel mqi
depsrte, exfrem)
old (b'#rAnld)the oldesl/eldest (cel moi bdtrdn,cel moi more, cel moi in etote)
neqr (l6ngd)lhe neqresl (cel moi oProoPe) lhenext (succesiv)
lote (tdrziu)the lqtest (cel moi recenl, ultiml
the lost (ultimul)
etoEYoooJUuJqFsou:d,UF
zeu
=oJ
t.
uzzzo
ru)ooFI2
z
SUPERLATIVUL ABSOLUT
in unele limbi, formo de superlotiv obsolui se obline Tn mod
sintetic, cu diverse sufixe gromqticole. in englezd, lo fel co
in romdnd, ocesl concept se poote exprimo onolitic, pundnd
inoinleq odiectivelor gi o odverbelor ,,very" (foorte) sou olte
odverbe, printr" core ,,reolly" (cu odevdral, inlr-odevdrl'
,,quite" (mai curdnd\, ,,foirly" (destul).
in englezo britonicd, otunci cdnd ,,mosl" se pune Tnoinleo
odieclfvelor poote oveo semnificofio de ,,very":
Mery is very loll
He is reolly clever
Children ore moslvulneroble
You qre by for thesweetest person I know
Mery este foarte?noltd
El esfe foqrle inleligent/cu odevdrol inteligent
Copiii sunt foartevulnerobili
Egri de deporte ceq moi dulce
persoond pe core o cunosc
i.rurAnl REA su PE RLATIvE LoR
superlotivul relotiv (de superioritole sou de inferioritote)
poote fi intdrit de expresio ,,by tor" (desigur, de deporte):
Exercif ii($olulii lo pos. 88)
E momenlul sd exersdm pufin. Fd exercifii cu formeleluparlolivului pe core iocmoi le-om recopiiulot.
lxcRctTtur 3
€ompleteozd propozifiile, olegdnd formq corectd o super-lstivului.
tr Piro University is one of ... the world.El o) older inEl b) the oldest inEl c) the eldest in
E th" Leoning Tower is ... monument in Piso.
tr o) the mosl well-knowntr b) the well-knownestEl c) most well-known
I Piro is ... oll the towns in ihe Province.tr o) the interestingest oftr b)the most interesling omongE c) the most interesting in
E Piso isn't ... lown in Tuscony.E o) the most oldtr b) the eldesttr c) the oldest
tzo
t!J
oUFI
=z
32
EXERCITIUL 4
Arot6 docd propozifiile sunl corecte (right) sou gregile
(wrong) gi rescrie-le corecl cdnd e necesor'
ll Peter is the oldestthe friends.
RWof tr tr
HAll.e is mosl iniereslingof oll of them.
fl Shoton is the prettYest
of the girls.
E Jock is ihe mosl hord-working in oll of them.
trtr
trtr
trtr
Vocobulor
tporl from oporte, door,eu excepfiotporlmant oportomentItthotology orheologielrhlrh britonic/6:olm down (to) o se colmo,e ra linigtiaonar corierdtboning cur6feniellWlr inleligent/d; isief/rel6, ingenios,/oosdSOmPqro (to) o comporo,€ confrunloFunlry ford, stol, nofiune;tol, mediu rurolCurlolity curiozilolelUli grofios f oos6, drdguf/6dh (ro) o muridurt (to) o gterge profullnd sfdrgitloreinoting foscinoni/6,mlnunot/d, incdnfdtor/oorelolhrr totolood hrona, oliment;mdncorehlrtory islorie
lokrr coroghios/oosd,comic/dllkrqble simpotic/d,pl6cul/dllnc zond de octivilote,gpclor de ofoceri, ocupofie
originolly de origine,lo originequite moi curdnd, destul;chior o9o; complet; exoct,precisroise (to) o cregte,o indrumoRome Romoschool gcool6similqr qsemdndlo r / oore,omolog/oogd; ocelogi,similorsince din, de cdndstressful stresqnlstudy (to) o studio, o invdfotelegrom telegrom6lhough (odv.)totugi,.dordmite, oricum; cu toqtec6 (loc. coni.)Thursdoy ioitwice {e doud ori, dubluvisit (to) o vizito, o se ducein vizild, o frecvenlo
Lrcfio l0
Thot's life!One of those doysln episodul din ,,Thol's life!", iinerii se pregdlesc sd se ducdlE munc6. Jock este pufin nervos pentru cd e in ?ntdrziere,lgr boio e mereu ocupotd de Alice. ln porteo de gromoiicdlnvifdm un nou timp verbol: Present Perfect. Este un timpmoi curdnd complicot gi se folosegle pentru o exprimoocliuni din lrecut core qu incd efect in prezent.
You've been in there for over on hour!
lcrnl I
Jmk (bote lo ugo bdii): Hove you finished yet? Alice?!lllcr (din spotele ugii): No, Jock, I hoven't finished my
lhowerl Could you osk Anne to come in here, pleose?
Jtok: She's iust left! Come on, I omAllcc, l'm lote!Allcr (deschizdnd ugo): Okoy, okoy,Ccwn, the bothroom's oll yours!
pleoding wilh you,
l've finished. Colm
Jmk: Finolly! You've been in ihere for over on hour!
($und telefonul mobil ol lui Jock.\
Jotk: Yes... Yes, ihis is Jock. No, I hoven't seen John sinceycrlardoy, Why? Oh, ihe report... Uhh... Yes. No, I hoven'tflnhhed it yet. Yes, yes, I know it's importont. Anywoy, l'veelrcody storted writing it... Yes, yes, l'll send it to you os soonar il's finished. Excuse me? Listen, l'll coll you loler. Okoy.
efoEvoo6Jq
U)uFIou
=d,uF4eU
=oJ
zsF
o
Ed
ooFI
=ozU
36
(Jock, dupd ce lermind convorbireo, inceorcd sd deschidd
ugo bdii, dor igi dd seomo cd esle din nou ocupof')
Jqck: Alice, if you don'i open this door, l'm going to knock
il down!Kimberly: Actuolly, it's Kimberly, l've iust come in"' ls
everything okoy, Jock?
Jock: Yes... No! l've been woiling to use the bothroom for',
over on hour! I musl gel to the office!Kimberly (deschizdnd ugo): Okoy Jock, il's oll yours! l'll use
the bothroom loier.
Jock: Thonks Kimberly, thot's very kind of you... Sorry! (Jock
inlrd in boie.l
(Pufin moi ldrziu, Alice se infdlnepte cu Jock pe cdnd el iese
din boie.)
Alice: Hey Jock, hove you seen my wotch? l've probobly
left it in there.Jqck: Here you go! Hove you forgotten onything else?
Alice: We're rolher neryous, todoy, oren't we?
Jock: Bye, I hove to get going. (Pleocd)
Alice (observdnd cd Jock gi-o ldsot mobilulin boie): Hey,
Jock, woit! Jock, your mobile! (odres6ndu-i-se lui Kimberlyl
Oh... He's olreody gonel So, whol ore you doing todoy
Kimberly? Hove you ever been to Portobello morkel?
Kimberly: No, l've never been there!
Alice: Would you like to come olong ond browse qround
the stonds?Kimberly: Oh, yes, il's been monlhs since I lost visited
o fleo morket!
56 inlelegeml3elulll lo pos.8e)
lGUm lnccorcd sd vezi cdt oiinfeles din diolog, rdspunzdndh lnlrebarile core urmeozd. Docd e difici[ te pofi uitodfn nsu lo episodul video de pe DVD sou pofi
.consulio
€Gsbulorul de lo sf6rqitul lecfiei.
E Wnof does Jock soy on the telephone?El Cl Thot he hos begun ihe reportE b) Thot he hos finished the reportEl cl Thot he hosn't yei storted the report
I JEct roys thot if Alice doesn'f open the bothroom door:El ol Ho'll open it onywqyEl bl He'll knock it downElcl Hc'll leove the house
I Wtry doesn't Alice give Jock his mobile?Ei a) Bacouse he is too upseiEi b) Becorse she is going to sell it ot the fleo morketEl gl Bocouse he went out ond didn't hqor her
! Kmberty doesn't often go to the fleo mqrket.El ?rueEl Folrc
4
oEYoooJU
UJqFIoq:euF
=du;oJ
zluFao.n
sJ
ooFI
=zu
Focus
,rPresenl Perfecl"
Present Perfect este un iimp verbol folosit pentru o -vorbi
;"*" ocliuni din lrecui core inc6 nu s-ou incheioi ori core
,-o, inta-ploi intr-un moment nedeterminot din lrecut ori
ot" .aror consecinfe continud s6 se focd simfite in prezent'
i.t-"f, .or"rprnju cu perfectul compus din romdn6: co
,io."rio, este formqt din ouxiliorul "hove" (o oveo) 9i din
i*.*uif ir".ur ol verbului principol' Cu- toote ocesteo' in
!"gf"ta se folosegte sensibil iiferit de romdnd 9i de olte limbi
;;.0"^", fiindc6, spre deosebire de ocesteo' tn englezd
este vorbo despre un timp core exprimd efectul octiunilor
;;; ;i;;nimentelor din trecut osupro prezenfului' Vom
;;;.i";" contextele de utilizore in ceo de o douo porte
o'lec1iei. Acum sd ne ocupdm de coniugoreo lui'
Hg h€| donr his homework El si-o fdcut lecliile
Se hgr bought o used cor Ea o cumpdrot o mo;indu/atd
F hft blrn o hord tosk ! fost o freobd dificild
tte hgvr mrl before Sloi ne-om moi intdlnil
ctoLvoo6Jq
UJUFIou:d,UF
=&U>o)
TCg hevr trovrllcd o lor loi oli cdldlorit muh
frry hqvr gone to Woles Ei/ele s-ou dus in foroQolilor
ln llffibo vorbitd giin formulels 6olocviole se folosesc moi des
lArmrla conlrose, identice 6u {ormele conirose de Presenl
timpb olc verbului ,,lo hove". 5d vedem exemplele:
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
Lo formo ofirmotivd, Present Perfect se construiegte cu
;;-ilb;"i ,,hou"" (formo ,,hos" penlru Persoono o treio
;;;b; d",hove" pentru loote celelolte persoone) urm.ot
J""p.,ti.ipiul trecut ol verbului principol' Vei gdsi regulile
oenlru consirui reo porticipi ul ui trecut in po ginile urmdtoo re'
icu; observd schemo de moi ios:
Subiecl + hos/hove * participiu trecut sl verbului +
delermindri uherioore
hl nodVggtva hornt
Hdr nlqxrd
SE I workcd
Ft nlnrdWEtw llrtrned
YegtYr tolked
Thrytvr loten
lu om cilit
fu oi invdlol
EI s-o odihnit
la o muncil
y', plouat "
1./oi om oscuhol
loi oli vorbit
Ei/ele ou mdncot
I hove been to Turin
mony times
You hove lived in Belgium
Am fost de multe oriIo Torino
Ai trdilin Belgio
ul-
4otttg
ooFI
=z
40
Formo negotivd o Present Perfeci se obline oddug-dnd
negofio ,,not" imediol dupd ouxiliorul ,,hos/hove"' $i in
FORMA NEGATIVA
coiul'ocesto, in vorbireo curentd se prefer6 formele
,,hosn't" gi ,,hoven't". Observd schemo 9i exemplele
urmeozd:
Subiect + hqs/hqve + nol (sou hssn't/haven't)porticipiu trecul ulverbului + determindri ulterioore
I hqve not (hoven't) senlmy CV yet
You hove nol (hoven'l) left
He hqs nol (hosn't) been El nu o fosf in Austrolio
to Austroliq
She hos not (hosn'l) come Eoincd nu s-o infors
bock yet
It hqs not (hosn'l) stopped incd nu oincetol sd ploud
roining yet
We hove not (hoven't) Noi incd nu om mdncot
eolen yet
You hove not (hoven't) Voi nu oli vdzul filmul ocelo
seen thot film
They hove not (hoven't) Ei/ele nu s-ou dus lo Bolh
gone to Both
cloEYoo6
JruJ
UFsou:eUFzuu
=J
incd nu mi-om lrimiscurriculum
Tu nu ai plecot
F'IIIIA INTEROGATIVA
b brme inlerogotivd, ouxiliorul ,,hove" precede subieclul,ffFREt fllnd lo r0ndul lui de porticipiul trecul ol verbului,d-gpa eum pofi observo fn schemo urmdtoore:
HEr/hnvr * rubiecl + porricipiu trecul sl verbulul +Itllrnlnirl uhcrioore + ?
HWf I donr enough? Am fdcul eu destul?
Hnn yeu olwoys lived here? Ai lrdit lu oici inloldeouno?
l g he gon.lo Milon? S-o dus el Io Milono?
Hil:hs nollcrd lhe mistoke? A observot eo gregeolo?
lb tt rlorltd snowing? Aincepul sd ningd?
F} wn brcn lhere before? Am fosl noi ocolo gi oltd dotd?
Ffti yo, trrn my coi? Aiii vdzut voi pisico meo?
Hnf thuy olwoys worked Au muncit ei/eleinlotdeounofiel much? otdt de mult?
h, galul lntrebdrilor introduse de o porticuld inlerogotivd,
FFtlruefio esle urmdtooreo:
hlculd inlerogotivd + hos/hsve + subiecl + poriicipiuFcut ol varbului + determindri ulterioqre + ?
hove I
Whmhove you
been?
worked?
reod?
lost?
Unde om fost eu?
Unde oi lucrol lu?
Ce o citil el?
Ce a pierdut eo?
hos he
Whol hos she
eJoLYoooJU
qJuFIou:e,UF
=e,U
=oJ
zuF
4onu
oFI
=zU
hqs it chonged? Ce s-o schimbot?
hove we ployed with? Cu cine om iucol noi?
Who hove you seen? Pe cine oli vdzul voi?
hove they worked with? Cu cine au lucrot ei/ele?
FglmertA PARrtctPtutul rREcurII YIIIITOR REGUTATE
h elul verbolor regulote, porticipiul trecul ore oceeogi
bmg ee gi Simple Posl: se construiegte oddugdnd desinenfo
r+€* lc formo de bozd o verbului (infinitiv fdrd ,,to"):
Fii otent: lo rdspunsurile scurle (cele core cer un ,,do"un ,,nu") se repeld numoi ouxiliorul ,,hove" precedol
rerkIt*n
humy
t-ifif r y
Floy
(o munci) + -ed
(o osculto) + -ed
(o trdi) + -d(o spero) + -d
) worked
) listened
) lived
) hoped
subiecl. Formo ofirmotivd nu poole fi conlrosd, ci
ceo negoiivd (exemplu: Hove you ever ployed golf? Y
I hove/No, I hoven'l ) Ai jucof vreodotd golf? DolNu)'
FORMA INTEROGATIV.NEGATIVA
trecut ol verbului. Ast6zi, Tn limbo curentd se folosesc numo
formele controse.
Propoziliile inlerogotiv-negolive se conslruiesc cu ouxilioru
,,hoye" , urmot de negofio ,,nol" , de subiect 9i de porticipiu
Hoven'l lworked?
Hoven'l you worked?
Hqsn'l he worked?
Hosn'l she worked?
Hosn'f ii worked?
Hqven'l we worked?
Hqven'l you worked?
Hoven'l they worked?
Nu om lucrot eu?
Nu oi lucrof tu?
Nu o lucrot el?
Nu o lucrol eo?
Nu o funcfionof?
Nu orn lucrol noi?
Nu ofi lucral voi?
Nu ou lucrol ei/ele?
(ose grdbi) -y + -ied ) hurried
(o se cdsdfori) -y + -ied ) morried
(o (se) iuco) + -ed ) ployed
k fgl eo in romdnd, gi ?n englezd porticipiul lrecul pooie
f fAlsrtt eu funcfie de odieciiv, door cd in englezd este
hbldeouno invoriobil dupd gen gi numdr.
€A ln eorul Simple Posl, gi porticipiul lrecul ol verbelor
EgUleta oro voriofii ortogrofice Tn unele situofii. Sd vedem
C€E runt ocesteo:
I v:rbale core se termind in ,,e" formeozd porticipiul trecut
Ed€ugdnd lo formo de boz6 o verbului door desinenfo
r=dfri
lhhcpe
I varbcle core se termind in ,,y" precedot de consoond pierdlc porlicipiul lrecut ,,y" gi odougd desinenfo ,,-ied" . Docd ,,y"E ptecodot de vocold, oceqstd schimbore nu intervine:
uF7
ourgJ
ooFI
foz
stop
plon
bow
. verbele core se lermind cu ,,vocol6 * consoond" dubl
consoono fino16 (cu excepfio verbelor core se lermind
,-x" gi in ,,-w"):
TRECUT
legule rs selrirrrbd cu verbele neregulole core, lo fel copenlru Sirrrple Posl, formeozd poriicipiul trecul fiecore ?n
Elgl lui $i irr ocost coz, singuro modolitole de o cunoogle
FgFlElpiul hecul ql verbelor neregulole esle oceeo de o lehrep pe dc rosl pe fiecore in porle.lgtg e liqtn cu principolele verbe neregulote englezegti,€rere li se da intreogo porodigmd, odicd formo de bozd
{lefinilivul vcrbului fdrd ,,1o"), formo de Simple Post gi oceeo€ pelliripiului lrecut:
rc (o_deveni)
1n [q lqepe(o eiduce
(o construr)
(,, ,g.rlgq.g)
(n veni)
{o fcrce)
(q!es)
FEt (rr rndnco)
flrrd (rr sdsi)
fly (o rburg)
gel (rr o_blilg
glve (c*dd
gn (o plec,o)
(o opri) + -p + -ed ) stoPPed
(o plonifico) * -n * -ed ) plonned
(o se pleco) + -ed ) bowed
(o prefera) + -r + -ed ) preferred
(o regreto) * -l + -ed ) regretled
4toEvoo6
JuUJ
uF3oU:IUF
=eu
=oJ
F€IilATCA PARTICIPIUTUIIC V:IECTOR NEREGUTATE
. verbele bisilobice dubleozd consoono finole docd ulti
silobd esle occentuold:
preFER
TeGRET
. verbele core se termind in ,,-ic" odougd consoonoinoinle de desinenf e ,,-ed"
picnic (o iegi lo iarbd verdel + -k + -ed ) picnicked
Irirvn (o oveo)
zuF7ovttuJ
oFI
=z
46
&foLYoo-
keep (o fine) kept kept EI€r€ lf t I
lSelcfil lo pog. 89)
tGgm lrrccorcd sd exersezi cu formele de Presenl
fi de perlicipiu trecut pe core tocmoi le-oiinvdfot.
Ef:rclTlut I
AfAl€ doc6 propozifiile sunt corecte (right)
{*rcng) gi rescrie-le corect cdnd e necesor.
RWtrtr! Hutu you ever spoke
€ hrrl
I I hevan't even met her.
I Hur she olwoys liveher:l
! Nu, she hosn't. tr
moke (o confecfiono) mode mode
meet (o inr6lni) mel met
poy (o plati) poid poid
put (o pune) pul put
reod (o cifi) reod reod
soy (o spune) soid soid
see (o vedeo) sow seen
sell (o vinde) sold sold
send (o trimite) senl sent
speok (o vorbi) spoke spoken
spend (o petrece) spent spent
tell (o povesti) iold told
think (o s6ndi) thoughi ihought
write (o scrie) wrote written
cfoEYooEJuuJ
uFIoU:eUF
=Iq
;o
zgF2oraIAu
ooFI
=ozu
EXERCTTTUL 2
Completeozd propozifiile, olegdnd formq verbol6
il Jock ... <l new soles compoign.tr o)wos plonnedtr b) hos plonnedtr c) is plonned
E tte ... his report yet.tr o) hosn't writtentr b) hosn'i wrotetr c) didn't write
EAlice ... to slqrl korqle lessons.tr o) is decidedtr b) hos decidedtr c) hove decided
E She ... koroie before.tr o) hos never tryedtr b) hos never triedtr c) never tryed
lcroutr whd hos chcnged since then?
tKmbsrly sunt'in suf rogerie gi se uifd lo nigfe fotogrofii.
I lhlPgrcc ocosd de lo serviciu.
HlJqckl Whol's lhe mqtter?! You look qwful!
ItfF g wrcckl And l've lost my mobile!
ldJndu-i-l): No, Alice told me you forgot it when you
oPorlmenl this morning!thel'r where il is! l've looked everywhere... I mustItvt bcen o little distrocled lolely... I guess I need
EfJ, You know, I hoven'l hod o holidoy since lheYmc to London!
Oh,., Okoy, well... Relox o little now... Kimberly is
m! 3ome photos of o porty they hod oi universityl've never seen such funny photos!
la fofogrofii): Hey, this is o piciure of thearf Economics... l've been there for o seminorl
Flyt Reolly?! When did you ottend thot?Wfll, I wos only lhere for four doys, but il wos reolly
Alice.)
Hoy guys, l've '1usi got off ihe phone to Peler. And he
lo know if they con come over in o bit... He wonls us
Fnvlnce Shoron to move lo Jopon with him! She hosn'lyet if she wonls to go.
To Jopon?l li's o greol country! Hove you everlhgre?
4foEYooEJq
UJ
uFJoU:&uFze,u
=oJ
a-uF7o
sJ
ooFI
=oz
Jqck: No... And,lo tell you the truth, l'm not reolly i
tell Shoron ond Peter... Pleose give Shoron ond Peter rfl
regords. l'm reolly not in the mood lo chot this evening
(lese.)
lnfelegemff le Fag' 9ol
fuc€ ol tnfcles sceno, rdspunzdnd lo urmdtoorele
Jock: Do you mind if I go io my room? Todoy wos qwful"
l'm deod iired qnd I hoven't hod onything to eol! Pleosl lhol ha is;
E*aC ilrldAgry wilh AliceYbry thlruty
Frrdr:A ntw mobileTo hovr o portyTr hqva o holidoy
lr looking ot phoios of:A nmlnor thot Jock went loA psry ot universityJapen
vl:ltad Jopon:I 995
ln 1995Afor 1995
uF
0
uJ
or)FI
=z
Focus
Folosireo,,Presenl Perfiecl"
in secfiuneo onlerioord om spus cd Present Perfect este,
esenfd, un timp prezent core semnoleozd cd un eveni
sou o ocfiune din trecul conlinud s6 oibd un efect in
Simplificdnd lucrurile, s-or puteo spune cd Presenl
PENTRU EXPRIMAREA DURATEIuNoR ACTIUNI iNCA NETERMINATE
Presenl Perfect exprimd ocfiuni sou evenimenie core
inceput intr-un momenl din trecul 9i continud in
rerbel erlc insofil odeseori de referiri temporole introdusede prepruifiile ,,for" (pentrul, ,,since" (din, de cdnd) gi depg**leulrr irrlerogotivd ,,how long" (de cdnd). Prezenfo ocestorer€re€ll nF vu roominli cum sd olegem timpul corecl. ,,For"€ fekraeTle pontru o perioodd de timp, o duroid. ,,Since"idenllften rrrr rrromenl precis din lrecut. Lo o intrebore coreFneepe r.rr ,,lrow long" se poole rdspunde cu o propozifie core* errfinfi o expresie lemporold inlrodusd fie de,,for", fie de
aEifrEe"
cfoLvoo6
JU
uuFsoU
=euF
=e,U
=oJexprimd concepiul de ,,inointe", ,,pdnd ocum". 56 veder
moiindeoproope diferitele utilizdri ole ocestui limp verbol Haw lcng lrtrvo theyb€clr rnlrnotl?
De cdt limp sunt eicdsdtorifi?
(gi vor continuo probobil gi in viitor). Agodor, ceeo ce
exprimd este un fel de ,,lrecui nelerminot": se vorbegle des
duroto unei ocfiuni, din momentul trecui in core o inpdnd in momeniul prezenl in core se vorbegle.
f've known Soroh since O cunosc pe Soroh de cdnd
I wos 18 oveom 18 ani
My porents hqve been Pdrinlii mei sunl cdsdtorifi
morried for 32 yeors de 32 de oni
iFrey lrrrvr lreorr mqrried Sunf cdsdtorili de 32 de onifur tl yiort-hry lr.rv= lrecrr morried Sunf cdsdforifi din 1973ilFtr 1973
EeE vcrh,r rlespre doud rdspunsuri dole oceleiogi intrebdri
fl eare rprrrr ereclogi lucru: perecheo in couz6 s-o cdsdtoril inItF-3, Fr,,l,,rrifio core confine ,,for" pune occent pe duroto€€leriei (.oo cu ,,since", in schimb, occenlueozd onul in5gfe c Evrrl lpc cdsdlorio. line minle schemo ce urmeoz6:
How long hove youworked lhere?
De cdtd vreme rnuncegliocolo?
Utilizoreo oceoslo o Present Perfect este de muhe
greooie pentru cine invofd englezo, din momenl ce
romdnd ocelogi concept de durotd se exprimd odeseo 6
intermediul prezenlului indicotiv gi nu ol perfectul comp
Cu loole ocesteo, poote fi util sd-fi omintegti cd ocesl ti
I
E.*.-.'l:itrtheura (lreri ore) December (decembrie)
! deya (r ft rrrcr zile) __
wcchE (rr?plCirndnj)
g rrre,t rll i+ (lol"gJgIC*
a l;:irg hrrre (rrruh fimp)
rygee (ter o/e)
Fridoy (vineri)
5 o'clock (oro 5.001
2OO3 (20031
I wos o young girl(erom o felifd)
the 2nd of June (2 iunie)
zuF
Aoyrg
ooFI
=z
PENTRU A VORBI DESPRE UN TRECUT RECEN
Presenl Perfect se folosepte 9i pentru o vorbi despre o
intdmplotd intr-un lrecul recent, ole cdrei consecinfe se
simfite giin prezent. Observd exemplele urmdtoore:
Chontolfocmoi s-o dus sd
VORBI DESPRE UN EVENIMENTlrurn-uN TREcur NEpREctzAT
Rguf Ferfer I ee furlerrogle cdnd vrem sd vorbim despre unEr:irnertl *uu rlespre o ocfiune din lrecut, fdrd o specificoi€€l refertrerr lerrr;rorol6. Acliuneo o ovut loc inointe deRemenli.il f,ire:errl ol vorbirii 9i este posibil sd continue$ Fr viller
FCtrru Atl{tAnFl A r
cloE
oooJuUJ
UFIou:dUF
zeU
=r\
Chontol's iust goneto brush her teeth
Whot hove you doneto your hoir?
spele pe dinli (= deci nu
oici in ocesf moment)
Ce fi-oi fdcut Io pdr?(: in clipo osto ore un
ospecl ciudot)
?*re har rrhoscdffi5ss t.[lc
ltE llrrd itr lLrrt-.ttcekr I llr.,rrllrs
I lired tl I l.r'nceigl I ln,,rillrr
Eo o lonsot trei CD-uril^(: pond ocum, insd or puleos6 lonseze oltele in viitor)
Eu om trdit lo Florenlo vremede noud luni (: incd lrdiescocolo gi esle probobil cd voilrdi in continuore)
Am trdit noud luni Io Florenlo(= ocum nu moi irdiesc ocolo,om schimbot orogul)
in ocest sens, Present Perfect esle folosit 9i pentru oonunfuri, moi oles cdnd cel core vorbegte inlenlioneoz6
pund in evidenfd evenimentul. Citegte propozifiile
Nicky hos hod her boby! Nicky o ndscuf!
They hove lost the elections Ei/ele ou pierdul olegerile
Cdnd se folosegte Presenl Perfect cu oceostd occepfie,
tipic6 folosireo odverbelor ,,yet" (chior, incd) ,,iusl"tocmoi, cu pulin timpin urmd) 9i ,,olreody" (deio).
,,yel", folosit otdtin propozifii negotive (cu semnificofio
moi") cdl giin propozifii interogotive (cu semnificofio ,,deio"se pune de obicei lo sfdrgitul propoziliei 9i semnoleozd
vorbilorul se ogleoptd co evenimentul respectiv sd se
intdmplot deio sou sd se inldmple in viitor.
I hqven'l bought the Nu om cumpdrot incdskoles yel potinele (?nsd o voi foce)
Hove you hod o breok yel? Ai fdcul deio o pouzd?
John hqs iust tokenhis exom
John locmoi o dof exomenul
E€nd vr-rrr rrr cl6m referinfo lemporold, esle necesor5 €ehtnrlrrrrrr lirrrpul verbol gi sd trecem lo Simple Post,
E EEtui ftrlo:iro sugereozd c6 ocfiuneo esle definiiivtHghelefc ( urrrpord exemplele urmdtoore:
*e Felrg:ed llrree CDs in 2003eo o lonsof I rei CD-uriiF EEO: (: door in onul ocelo, insd e
posibil sd fi lonsqt oltele inolte perioode diferite)
l've qlreqdy seen thot film Am vdzut deio acelfilm
uF
o
sJ
ooFT.
fc)zu
PENTRU A VORBI DESPRE O EXPERIENTA DI
PROPRIA VIATA
present Perfect, Tn cele din urm6, poote fi folosit Pentru,
uorLi J"rpr" experienfe din proprio vio!6 core s-ou intdmpl
;;il 1fi d" doro osio, un moment neprecizoi) in lre
Nu inlereseozd sd se gtie cdnd s-o Tnt0mploi ocfiu
,"rp".tiuA, ci door sd se comunice cd ocliuneo o ovut loc
s-o incheiqt in irecut, ior consecinfele ei suni incd relevon
in prezent. Citegte urmdtoorele exemple:
tfc heYr mot bcfore Ne-orn intdlnit deio inointe
heg e dulfi, docd vrem sd ddm ori sd cerem o referinfdFperela, esle necesor sd schimbdm timpul verbol 9i sE
E€nr ltr Siniple Posl.
cloEYoooJuuJ
UF
-<oU:d,qF
ZeU
=oJ
llg mrt wlrerr I wos l6
Itten dld he goE Argenltrrtr?
Ne-om inlllnit cdnd euoveam 16 oni
Cdnd s-o dus el in Argentina?
l've been to Londonmony times
Hove you ever melVincent?
Anne's never cometo visit me
You hove olwoYs livedin the some Ploce
Am fost de multe ori
Io Londro
L-oi inlilnil vreodofdpe Vincent?
Dup6 cum poli observo deio din exemplele
.a,iJ t" folosegle Present Perfeci pentru o vorbi
"ip"ru"f" ain proprio vio!6 se 1e5u1se,.odeseo
lo o
;;;;r; ("r"odord),,,never' (niciodotd)"j:l*tY::i;;"J;;;)-;i ,L"'i.'"" (inointe)'
'EY?.'" se folosetre
oropozilii interogoiive sou in propoztftt cu sens negqr
i;rJ;;;ritoiorrno ofirmotiv6; 9i ,,never" se foloselte
propozifii cu sens negoliv, dor cu verb lo formo ofirmoti
Hove you ever seenthe roin?
Ai vdzul vreodotd Plooio?
Nobody's ever come here Nci nu o venil nimeni'
niciodotd
Anne nu a veni! niciodotdsd md vodd
Ai trdil intofdeouno /mereu?n oceloti loc
56
zliu
zovtral!
oFI
ozU
Exercifii(Solufii lo Pos. 90)
E momenlul s6 exers6m pufin cu Present Perfect'
EXERCITIUL 3
Arot6 docd propoziliile suni corecte (right) sou
(wrong) gi rescrie-le corect cdnd e necesor'
R
I YesterdoY Jock's ount E]
hos come to visit.
E Ali.e is gone to buY trsome wine.
E Alice ond Jock hos E
often spoked obout her'
H ttls ouni hos lived in trItoly oll her life.
etovoo6
JuuJuFIou
=e.UF
=uu;oJ
wtr
tr
tr
tr
llHt rpropozifiile, olegdnd formo verbold corecld.
lFd Pttor ... in London for 3 yeors.
llnd
ri, ln Conqdo before she come lo London.
hu futhcr since losl yeor.
lLleWllrn
rhr .., lo him on lhe phone.
!Fkrn
Vocsbulsrqs soon os numoi ce, doorce, obio; de indotd ceottend (lo) o frecvenlo,o urmo; o ?ngriii; o seocupo deowful oribil/6,i ngrozilor / oo re, le ri bi l/d,insp6imdntdlor/oorebrowse (to) o-9i bdgonosul, o-gi potolicurioziloteo; o novigo(pe internei)colm down (to) o (se)
colmo, o (se) liniilichot (ro) o pdldvrdgi;o slo de vorbd cu cinevq(pe internet)come olong (lo) o urmo,o venicome over (to) o veni, oveni sd vezi pe cinevo/cevoconvince (to) o convinge,o fi persuosiv; o indupleco,o deierminodeod tired obosit/6 mort,epuizo/deconomics economie(Foculty of Economics:Focultoleo de $tiinleEconomice)ever vreodotd; niciodotd(in propozifii inlerogolivegi negotive)
everywhere pesle tol,oriundefleq morkel tqlciocforgel (to) o uito; o nu-piominlifunny coroghios/oosd,distroctiv/dget off the phone (to)o inchide telefonul, opune receptorul in furcd,o intrerupe o convorbiretelefonicdguoss (lo) o presupune;o crede, o g0ndiholidoy petrecere, zi
festivd; holidoys: voconf6,concediukind omobil/6knock down (to) o dobori,o do ios, o demolololely recent, in ultimul .
timp, de cur0ndmorkcl piof6, t0rgmind (lo) q provoconepldcere, o deronio; o fiimpotrivd, de oltA pdreremobilc telefon mobilmonlh lundmood store de spiritoffice biroupleod (to) o imploro,o suplicorother moi curOnd
regords soluldri, felicit6ri,complimenle, urdri de binerepod relofieresl odihndseminor seminor (cursuniversilor)shower dug (to hoveq shower: o foce dug)slond torobd; chiogc,gheretdtronsfer (to) o tronsferouniversity universitotewotch ceos, orologiu(to wotch: o se uito,o observo)wreck relicv6; zdreonf6,vechiturd, robl6 (9i fig.)
Television Programmes
Let's tolk:The City of London
cfoEYoooJU
qJuFsou:uqF
ztU
=oJ
Londra, cq moi loofe orogele mori din lume, ctre un centru
finoncior unde lucreozd mii de oomeni: este ogo-nurniful
,,Cily" gi un loc frumos de vizilol... insd nu oricdnd!
Eric: Hello ond welcome to ihis week's edition of ,,Lel's
lolk", the discussion progromme with our commentotorsTom ond Morie.Morie: Good evening everyone.Tom: Good evening.
Eric: Tom you wenl to London losl week, didn't you? You told
me you hod o meeting with on imporloni businessmon.
Tom: Yes, I did! I interviewed the chief executive of o moiorUK finonciol group. He works in the City.
Morie: So you visited the heort of internolionol high finonce,
interesting.Tom: Yes, it wos inleresting octuolly. You know, the City
is very smoll, but very importonl in the world of finonce.
I meon, did you know ihol the City of London, thot's its fullnome, is iust one squore mile or 2.6 kilometres? And thotonly 7,000 people live there?
Eric: Reolly? So few peoPle?Tom: Yes, only 7,000 people live there, but more thon
32O,OOO people o doy commute into the City to workthere.
63
{ v
Ft^Fu
u€E{e,ooec
F
oFr
=z)UI
Eric: Wow, o ihird of o million commulers every doy. Conwe exploin to our viewers iust why this port of London is soimportont?Tom: Of coursel The City is o globol finonciol cenirewith hundreds of bonks, finonciql exchonges, insuroncecomponies ond inveslment componies. you know there oremore lhon 500 componies in the City.
Morie: Thot's righi! And it olso hos severol imporrontcommodity morkets. The City,s the ploce lo buy commoditiessuch osoil, gold ond silver. ln the City people corry out ollkinds of finonciol trqnsqclions, they borrow money, sovemoney, invest money, buy ond scll commodilies, buy ondsell insuronce for oll kinds of lhingr, from oil tonkers toskyscropers!Tom: Exoctly, Morie! Togelhar with Toltyo qnd Ncw york thecity is one of ihe world's molt impgrtonr finonciol cenrres.It's situoted between the timc zontt of fulo ond Americo. lnfoct, offices in the City don,t hqvr lurt enl clock, they hoveol leost four, with clocks rhowlng lhr tlmr for Tokyo,'Zurichond New York.
Eric: So, the City's open for burlnrn 14 houru o doyl Well,do only people from the world d flngns work there?Tom: No, nol Lots of othcr highly rkllbd Frcplt work there.For exomple mony lowyrrr, gGsufiFnil ond computerexperts work there. Thcy hrlp thr bgnkl qnd insuioncecomponies to work smoothly,
Morie: lt's worth remembcring toc lhd th: ehy,l o beoutifulploce to visit. lt con be ultro-modtm €rlc mediavql ot thesome time' There ore somc ba€urlfulelc bulldlngr, aspecioilythe churches, ond some innovotlvr nrtr bslldlngr su.h osihe Lloyd's insuronce building gnd hr lwlcc RE Building,or the ,,gherkin" os il's now known,
Tom: But remember: don't visit the Ciiy ol weekends!There's nobody there! And most of the shops ond pubs oreclosed.
Eric: Thonks for thot iip! Well, the City's the finonciol heortof the UK ond perhops of Europe. But it is olso on intereslingploce to visit with mony interesiing buildings. Thonks lo ourcommentotors.Morie: Goodbye.Tom: Goodbye.
Eric: Goodbye everyone ond see you ogoin soon for o nextinteresting oppointment wilh ,,Lei's tolk".
ctoEYoo6
JuuJ
UFIAU:d,uF
Ze.U
=oJ
I
FsEJ
;B
==*,oo&L
F
ooF
=aozU
Sd tnfelegem(Solufii lo pos. 91)
Verificd docd oi infeles, rdspunzdnd lo urmdtoorele?nirebdri:
ll Tom is going to London next week.E TrueE Folse
E Only 700 people live in the City of London.E Truetr Folse
El third of o million people commute to the Ciiy every doy.E Truetr Folse
E You con buy oil in the Ciiy of London.E Truetr Folsb
E There oren'f ony churches in lhe City of London.E TrueE Folse
Focus
City of London:qu ti melropolele o inimd
Orogele importonte ole lumii ou un centru finoncior
(o inimd) foorte dezvohol, unde zilnic vin mii 9i mii de
oomeni lo muncd. Dor, ogo cum ou explicot Morie 9i Tom,
este gi un loc unde pofi foce cumpdrdluri' Sd vedem moiinom6nunt.
To be lhe finonciol heorl ol Afi inimo finonciord o
The City of London is the Cily din Londro este centrul
finonciol heort of rhe UK financior ol Morii Brilonii
Sd vedem ce octivitdfi ,,pun in migcore" zono qceqslo 9i sd
incercdm sd invdfdm termeni core ne pot fi de folos in viofo
de zi cu zi:
Insurqnce compony Componie de osigurdri
ln the City of London in Cily din Londro exisf6
there ore mony insuronce multe componii de asigurdri
componies to insure people penlru o osiguro persoone
or properties sou ProPrieldli
To insure
Cor insuronce
Most people hove corinsuronce which theY PoY
every yeor. So if you hove
on occident, your insuronce
compony poys for thedomoges
A osigurcri o ocoperi cu osigurore
Asigurore oulo
Mojoritoleo oomenilor ou
o osigurore oulo Pe core opldtesc in fiecore on. $odor,in coz de occidenf, comPonio
de osigurdri pl6teg+e dounele
4toEYoooJuuJ
uFsoU:euF
=uU;oJ
I{F!.1Fru
u€E<lclololclLI
"lFI-l<tdlolFIrl@lJIol7lil
$iincd:
lnvestmenl componyBonk
To corry outTo invest
Bonks corry ouifinonciol tronsoclions
Sociefofe de investilii
Boncd
TO BORROW - TO tEND - TO LOAN
Verbul ,,o imprumuto" se troduce in doud feluri, dupd cumsemnificofio lui este ,,o luo cu imprumul", ,,lo borrow",sou ,,o do imprumut", core se redd prin verbul ,rlo lend"sou ,,lo loon", oceslo din urmd folosit moi mult Tn englezoomericond decdt in ceo briionicd.Observd exemplele:
Shores AcliuniProfit profit, beneficiu
lf-:t:"ll:mponies buy Sociefdfi/e de invesfifiisnores ot other componies cumpdrd ocfiuni ole'ohorto moke profit intreprinderi pentru a ob1ine
beneficiiVezi cdte cuvinle utile? Acum s6 conlinudm cu termeniide boz6 otunci c6nd se vorbegte Jerpr"'ironro.tii.
A efecfuo (o tronzocfie)
A investi
Bd ncile ef ccl ueozd o per oli u n icomerciole
He lenl her doughlersome money;she borrowed somemoney from her fother
lf o bonk lends Docd o boncd ili imprumutdyou money, you musl boni, lrebuie sd-i inopoiezipoy il bock with inlerest cu dobdndd
Dupd cum om invdfol din text lnsd, in Cify of London nusuni numoi bdnci gi componii de osigurore, de exemplu:
El i-o imprumutol (dat) banifiicei lui; eo o imprumutol(luot) boni de lo toldl ei
Fii otent: verbul ,to sove,, (o cconomisi) poote oveosemnificofie dubld. Obseryd difircnfo: -
I would like to go to Spoin AS vrca fi m6 duc ?n Sponionexf yeor, so I need to sova onul viitor, ogo cd trebuiesome money sd econorflircs c (ra -iu,daoportc) nigta boni
Her brother soves money Frofclc cj aconomisegte (1ine)in o bonk aorii tnir.J ion.o
Commodity mqrkel
Commodity
Piol6 de m1fruri
Morfd ongro
Commodities ore things Termenul ,,morfd ongro"lhot you con buy ond sell indicd tof ce pofi vinde giin lorge quonlities cumpdro in contitdli mori
The City's the best ploce Cily e cel moi bun loc dinin London to buy Londro de unde sd cumpericommodiiies morfd
IvJ
Ft4l-qJ
;uEE
&ooe,A.
F
ooFrq)JIolzlUI
$i, co sd incheiem, un verb gi subsfontivul derivot pe core,cu siguron!6, nu ne vo fi greu sd le folosim ?n orice conlexlde lucru:
Exercilii(Solufii lo pos. 91)
EXERCITIUL I
Alege rdspunsul corect Tn ocest exercifiu.
ll A person who trovels from ouiside o city into the cenlre
every doy lo work is colled...tr o) o trovellertr b) o commuter
E Products thot you con buy qnd sell in lorge quontities
ore colled...E o) commoditiesE b) insuronces
E lf you keep money secure in o bonk, you ... money.
tr o) borrowft b) sovetr c) invest
E lf you buy shores in o compony to moke more money,
you...tr o) borrowtr b) sovetr c) invesl
H lf you toke money from o bonk ond poy it bock loier,
you ...money.tr o) borrowtr b) sovetr c) invest
To commule
CommulerA fi novefisl, o foce noveta
Novefist
A lot of people hove io in fiecore zi, mulyi oomenicommule lo work trebuie sd focd noyefo celevery doy, which tokes pulin o ord co sd ojungdthem ot leqsl on hour lo lucru
v
Ft^FE
;uEE
c,(,o&A
F
ooFI
=z
E I om hungry. Will you ... me some money to buysomeihing to eoi?tr o) borrowtr b) lend
EXERCITIUL 2
Completeozd propozifiile cu formo verbold corecl6'
E When I wos ol school I used to '.. footboll every week'
tr o) ployingtr b) ploy
E Oia you ... work in o bonk?
tr o) used iotr b) use to
El You're English, ...tr o) ore you?tr b) oren't you?
E Sne doesn't smoke, ...tr o) does she?
tr b) doesn'i she?
E I don't hove o cor ... . I will hove to poy for the domogesmyself.tr o) inleresltr b) insuronce
E I hove to poy very high ... to my bonk.tr o) inieresttr b) interests
E Bonks ... finonciol tronsoctions.tr o) corry outD b) moke
E the City of London is the ... heort of London.tr o)finoncetr b)finonciol
4toTooaJt!
UJuFsoU{e,uF
=d,U
'oJ
Let's tolk:MigrotionFenomenul imigrdrii genereozd pdreri foorle diferife: Tomcrede cd e ulil pentru economio fdrii ,,gazdd", in timp ceMorie considerd cd ocesfo oduce cu sine consecinfe negofrVe.Sd vedem core sunf molivele core stou lq bozo pdrerilor celordoi comenfotori din ,,Lel's folk".
Eric: Good evening lo oll viewers ond welcome lo thisweek's edition of ,,Let's tolk", our discussion progrommewilh our expert commenlotors Tom ond Morie.Morie: Good evening, Eric.Tom: Good evening.
Eric: Well, occording to the doto from the lotest Europeonconference on migrotion, lhe number of migronts orrivingin Europe hos increosed enormously over the losi five yeors.EU politicions ore divided on this issue. Some of thembelieve lhot migrotion is o bod thing ond couses lots ofproblems. On the other hond, other politicions mointointhol migronls conlribute to lhe developing of the economy.Could I osk whot you think oboul this issues?
Morie: Well, in my opinion migronls don'l help oureconomy. On the conirory, ihey toke iobs from locol peopleond push down poy rotes for both unskilled ond skilledworkers. ln foct, migronts ore often poid less ihon the legolminimum woge.
Tom: l'm ofroid I don'l ogree with you, Morie. Monyemployers use immigrotion to plug lobour shortoges, forexomple in ogricuhure. Formers employ thousonds of
cfoEYoooJuu)uFgoq:e.uF
=eU;oJ
Fv,FuJ
;q
€fe,ooe&
F
oFI
=ozU
Eosiern Europeon workers lo pick lheir crops os lhey con'ffind locol workers to do the work.
Eric: Thot's lrue. ln oddition, there ore low bi*h roles inmosl Europeon counlries, porticulorly in Spoin ond ltoly. Theeconomies of lhese counlries need more workers, especiollyfor difficult iobs thol locol people don't wont io do.Tom: Exocllyl And il's importont lo remember thot migrontworkers conlribule io the economy becouse ihey poy toxes.
Eric: Well, this only hoppens if migronts work legolly!Unfortunotely mony migronls come into Europe illegolly.Morie: You're right, Eric! They come in illegolly ond theyoften form on undercloss lhol doesn't hove occess toheqlthcore ond educqlion. Thot's why they somelimes getinvolved in criminol ocliviiies. I lhink some immigrotionis ok, especiolly if the immigronls ore osylum seekers orrefugees who con't relurn to lheir home countries. Aportfrom this I think Europeon governments should put o stopto immigrotion.
Eric: How-do you suggest they do this?Morie: Well, the EU should do more to help develop theeconomies of North ond Wesl Africo. This would helpeconomic migronis, migronts who come lo Europe towork, to stoy ol home, find o iob ond develop their locoleconomies.
Tom: Come on Morie, todoy the world's o ,,globol villoge".People hove olwoys moved oround lhe world. Don't forgelfor exomple the millions of Europeons who migroted toNorth Americo ol the beginning of the lost century. Theyexperienced ihe some problems thot the Africons oreexperiencing todoy.
Eric: Thql's right, Tom! Migrotion is os old os lhe humon
roce. People hove olwoys moved to where ii's possible lomoke o living. Moybe we should get used to the ideo thot
our society is becoming more ond more multirociol. Ok,this discussion hqs been very interesting but unfortunotely
it is time to soy goodbye lo Tom ond Morie.
Morie: Goodbye, Eric.
Tom: Goodbye.
Eric: Goodbye ond see you ogoin soon for our nexl
instollment of ,,Lel's tolk"!
4foEYoo6)uUJ
UF5oU:&,uFzeu;oJ
J
FuFuJ
ag
€tuooc&
*ots
=!zU
Sd Tnlelegem(Solufii lo pos. 92)
Verificd docd - oi infeles, rdspunzdnd lo urmdlooreleintrebdri:
ll the number of migronts thot come to Europe hosdecreosed.D Truetr Folse
E nt fU politicions ogree thot immigrotion is o bod ihing.E Truetr Folse
E Morie thinks migronis toke iobs from locol people.lJ lruetr Folse
E Tom thinks migronls conlribuie to lhe economy ofo counlry.-F Truetr Folse
H Morie thinks rhe EU should help immigronis in their owncountries.lJ lruetr Folse
Focus
Vqlizq in mdnd... se pleocd!
Ce crezi despre ceeo ce tocmoi qi citit? Egri de ocord cu
Morie, ori g6ndegti co Tom? Sd onolizdm ocum cdievocuvinte pe core le-oi gdsit in text gi oltele toi despre ocesl
subiect:
EtoLIoooJU
uJ
uFsou:&uF
=tq3oJ
Migrotion
lmmigrotion
Migronl
lmmigronl
Dqto
According to dotq from theEU, the number of migronlsorriving in Europe hosincreosed enormously
Migroliune
lmigrolie
Emigronl
lmigronl
Dote
Conform dotelor UE,
numdrul de emigronli coresosesc in Europo o crescufenorm
Fii olent: obreviereo ,,Uniunii Europene" in englezd nu este
UE, ci EU (de lo ,,Europeon Union").
Economic migronl Refugiof economic
Economic migronls come Refugiofii economic vin dinfrom poor countries ond fdri sdroce gi coutd de luuulook for work where in'loro in core se ducthey go
Asylum seeker Azilont/Cel core coul6 ozil
tJ
Fot"-uJ
nu=€E
od,
F
oFI
=zu
Sd onolizdm ocum ospectul strict economic ol fenomenuluide emigrofie, plecdnd de lo cuvintele de bozd:
Refugee
Asylum seekers ondrefugees must leove lheirhome country becouse theirlives ore in donger there
Refugiof
Azilonlii 9i refugiolii trebuiesd-gi pdrdseoscd foro debogfind, fiindcd ocolo viofolor esfe in pericol
Alte cuvinle:
To poy loxes
To plug lqbour shortoges
To push down poy rotes
Other EU politicions thinkimmigrotion is o bod thingbecouse migronlspush down poy rotes
Legol minimum woge
Migronts push down poyroles becouse they ore oftenpoid less thon lhe legolminimum woge
$iincd:
lllegolly
Legolly
Some migronls work illegolly,but some work legollybecquse they poy toxes
A pldti toxe
,,A lompono" lipso de forldde muncd
A micaoro soloriile
Alli politicieni din UE cred cdimigroreo este un lucru rdu,deoorece emigronlii sunlcouze unei scdderi de solqrii
Soloriu minim gorontof delege
Emigronfii foc sd scoddsoloriile fiindcd odeseo sunfpldtili moi pulin decdt soloriulminim goronlot de lege
llegol
Legol
Unii emigronfi muncescilegol, dor ollii lucreozdlegol fiindcd pldfesc toxe
Politicion
Developmenl
Some poliiicions thinkmigrotion is o good thingbecouse migronts conlribuleto the developmenl ofEuropeon economies
Politicion
Dezvollore
Unii politicieni cred cdemigrolio esfe un lucrubun, deoorece emigronfiiconlribuie lo deuoltoreoeconomiilor europene
Angoiolorii se folosescde emigronli penlru a,,fempone" lipso de mdndde lucru, fiindcd lipsescoomenii (din locul respecfiv)co sd presleze muncs
Mu ncitorii ongoiofi pldtescfoxe
Fii otenl: nu confundo termenii ,,employer" (ongoiatorlgi,,employee" (omplooiol, ongojaf\:
Employers use migrontsto plug lobour shortogesbecouse lhere ore nolocol people lo dothe work
Employees poy toxes
E
oEYoo6Jq
UJUFsoU:d,UF70Lu;o
x
F
LuJ
;;u*E
c,('og&
F
ooFI2
zU
SALAR I I
Existd diferite moduri de o denumi compensofiile ce se
primesc pentru munco prestotd. Sd le vedem:
Pqy Plold, relribulie(generic, pentru o indicobonii ce se cdgtigd regulotpentru muncq prestoi6)
Rernunerore /ciglig(se referd moi mult loconlitoteo de bqni corese primegte pentru muncoprestotd)
Relribulie / rem u nerolie / sol ori u
(indicd retribufios6ptdmdnold sou pe zi, boniTn mdnd)
Leofd/solqriu(plotit lunor, direct in boncd)
Woge
Woges
Solory
Observd urmdioorele exemple core ie vor oiuto sd
infelegi:
Exercifii(Solulii lo pog.92)
EXERCTTTUt 1
Alege rdspunsul corecl in ocesl exercifiu.
I A troveller who moves from one country lo qnolher
is colled ...tr o) o migronttr b) on immigroni
E Tl.re movement of people into o country lo live thereis colled ...tr o) migrotiontr b) immigrotion
E A person from o poor country who comes to work in
Europe is colled ...tr o) on osylum seekertr b) on economic migront
E People who give iobs to olher people ore colled ...tr o) employerstr b)employees
E th" lowesl legol solory is colled ,,the legol minimum ... "O o) poytr b) woge
Our woges ore poidevery Fridoy
I hove io poy the cqrinsuronce oui of mywqges
Whol's the overogewqge in this country?
Lefurile noosfre se pldfescin fiecore vineri
Trebuie sd pldtesc osiguroreooulo din leofo meo
Core-i soloriul mediu in laroaslo?
4)oEIooo)U
uJut-soU2/t!FzIu
o)
vJ
Fur
"trE€c,ooc.&
F
ooFI
=oz
rl
fL{rj'
lrl
:ll
jr
i!
'li
t{
ffil
fll
fil
E One of the problems with migronts is thot theyrotes.D o) push downtr b) press
E Woges ore poid ...tr o) weekly or doilytr b) monihly
EI Solories ore poid ...tr o) monthlytr b)weekly
E People who ore in politics ore colled ...tr o) policiestr b) politicions
Et lmmigrotion ... in the lost five yeors.tr o) hove increosedtr b) hos increosed
... poy EXERCTTTUL 2
Completeozd propoziliile cu formo verbold corecl6.
I I live in London. I ... here for two yeors.t1 o) hove livedtr b) live
E How long ... worked here?tr o) hove youtr b) do you
E ... here since September.tr o) l've workedtr b) lwork
8... Alice on Mondoy.E o) l've seentrb)lsow
c)oYooEJUuJ
UFsoq:euF
=e,u
=oJ
Solufiile
Lecfio 9THAT'S LIFE! ARE YOU REATLY SISTERS?
Scens l: Two sislers meuns twice lhe work!
56 infelegem (pog. 9)1) o; 2) Folse; 3) c; 4) c
Exercilii (pos. 20)
EXERCITIUt I1) more crowded ihon2) more beoutifulthon3) livelier thon4) better ihon
EXERCTTTUL 21) is not os pretty/cuie os
2\ o bit/o little toller thon3) more qnd more onxious4) much/o lot more reloxed
exercitiilor
ScenE 2: You two qre complelely different!
Sd infelegem (pos. 24)1) b; 2) c; 3) Folse; 4) b
Exercilii (pog. 31)
EXERCTTTUL 3'l) b; 2) o; 3) b; 4) c
EXERCTTtUt 4I ) Risht2) Wrong (Right; Alice is lhe most interesiing of oll of them)3) Wrong (Right; Shoron is the prettiest of the girls)4) Wrong (Right; Jock is the most hord-working of oll of them)
lecfiu l0THAT'S LIFE! ONE OF THOSE DAYS
Scenc l: You've been in there for over on hour!
Sd infelegem (pog. 37)1) o; 2l b; 3) c; 4) True
Exerci;ii (pog. 47)
EXERCTTTUL 1'l) Wrong (Right; Hove you ever spoken io her?)2) Rishl3)Wrong (Right; Hos she olwoys lived here?)4) Risht
EXERCTTTUL 2l)b;2)o;3)b;4)b
ScEno 2: Who knows whot hos chonged since then?
Sd infelegem (pog. 5'l)1)o;2)c;3)b;4)b
Exercilii (pog. 58)
EXERCTTTUt 31) Wrong (Right; Yesterdoy Jock's ounl come to visit)2) Wrong (Right; Alice hos gone to buy some wine)3)Wrong (Right; Alice ond Jock hove often spoken oboui her)4) Risht
EXERCtTtUt 41lc;21 b;3)c;4)o
Television ProgrsmmesLET'S TAIK
The City of London
Sd infelegem (pog. 66)1) Folse; 2) Folse; 3)True; 4lTrue; 5) Folse
Exercilii (pog. 71)
EXERCTTTUt r'l) b; 2) o; 3) b; 4) c; 5) o; 6) b; 7) b; 8) b; 9) o; 10) b
EXERCTTTUT 2llb; 2l b 3) b; 4) o
Television ProgrommesLET'S TALK
Migrolion
Sd infelegem (pog. 78)1) Folse; 2) Folse; 3) True; 4) True; 5) True
Exerci;ii (pos. 83)
EXERCtTtUt I1) o; 2) b; 3) b; 4) o; 5) b; 6) o; 7) o; 8) o; 9) b;
EXERCtTtUT 21lo;2lo;3)o;4)b
,bod,cn)
Structura cursului
incepitori nivel unu (2 incepatori nivel doi O incepdtori nivel trei @ incepatori
nivel patru Cli) El"rn.ntur nivel unu (l El.-"ntur nivel doi @ Ei.rrr.rltur nivel trei
(.! Elementar nivel parm @ Intermediar 1 nivel .rno @ Interrnediar 1 nivel doi
@ Ir.t..*"diar 1 nivel tr.i @ Interrnecliar 1 nivel patru @ Ir-rte.-.diar 2 nivel unu
@ Int.r-ediar 2 nivel aol @ Intermediar 2 nivel trei @ I.tt.r-.diar 2 nivel patru
@ Inte .mediar 2 nivel cinci @ Avansali nivel .rnn 6D Alru,tsatri nivel doi
€E Avansali nivel trei @ Avun.utri nivel patru €EAvansa-ti nivel cinci
In acest aolumLec{ia 9 - That's life! Are you really sisters?
Rec a.pi.tulare a comp aratiu ului' Rec aPi tularea s uperhti.u uluiLecfia 10 - That's life! One of those daJs
,,Present PerJect" . Iblosi,rea,,Present Perfect"
Proqrame TV - Let's talk The City of LondonPrograme TV - Let's talk: Migration
ENGLISil'I'ODAYESTE UN INSTRTJMENT DE LLT(]RU ESENI'IAT,
iN pRrcarmtA DTvERSEI-oR ELAMENE $I TESTE lE r-rr'rsA BNcI-[,zACERI]'IE PENTRU A S'TTIDIA SI A LU(]RA iN ST'NETNATATN
Related Documents
