Engineering Assisted Surgery™ Robots and Nanobots Ninian Peckitt FRCS FFD RCS FDS RCS FACCS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon / Facial Plastic Surgeon BR Medical Suites Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE Al Zahra Hospital Dubai UAE Adjunct Associate Professor of Engineering Assisted Surgery Massey School of Engineering and Advanced Technology New Zealand
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Engineering Assisted Surgery - Robots and Nanobots
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Engineering Assisted Surgery™Robots and Nanobots
Ninian PeckittFRCS FFD RCS FDS RCS FACCS
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon / Facial Plastic Surgeon
BR Medical Suites Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAEAl Zahra Hospital Dubai UAE
Adjunct Associate Professor of Engineering Assisted SurgeryMassey School of Engineering and Advanced Technology New Zealand
Engineering Assisted Surgery™
the application of engineering and industrial
technology in the delivery of healthcare
Engineering Assisted Surgery™
Customised ImplantsNinian Peckitt
Customised ImplantsCAD to Metal
Ninian Peckitt
Medical Robotics
the use of intelligent machine technologies
………………..in clinical and surgical medicine
Medical Robotics• Patient monitoring and stabilization
• three robotic hands (for a camera and instruments) • precise “keyhole” incisions
• perform complex surgeries via optics and imaging
• Million-dollar-plus price tag
Freehand Laparoscopic Camera Controller (Prosurgics Ltd)
• Automated device with steady hands for Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Holding lights / cameras / telescopes
• The surgeon wears a sensor
• Much like a climber’s headlamp
• Controls the robotic arm head movements and a foot pedal
• Cost $20,000 http://www.freehandsurgeon.com
Robotic JawSchool of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, New Zealand
• forces /movements in the chewing food
• complete picture of motion
• applications across medicine / food technology
Torrance JD, Hutchings SC, Brolund JE, Huang L, Xu WL Int. J. of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications 2010 Vol 8 No 1/2/3/4 pp288-302
Nanobots
• Nanobot biomedical applications likely in 10 years
• Molecular-scale electronics, sensors and motors are expected to enable microscopic robots with dimensions comparable to bacteria
• Recent developments in biomolecular computing demonstrate feasibility of processing logic tasks by bio-computers
Nanobots
• Building Biosensors and Nano-Kinetic Devices Studies for Operation and Locomotion of Nanobots are now advanced
• Classical objections to the feasibility of nanotechnology now resolved:
-quantum mechanics- thermal motions- friction
• Complex integrated high performance nanosystems can be analysed / simulated to pave the way for use of nanorobots in biomedical engineering
Nanobots and Cell Surgery
NanomanufacturingCreation of materials and products through:
1. Direct Molecular Assembly (DMA)
2. Indirect Crystalline Assembly (ICA)creation of conditions that foster the growth of nanoscale crystals that are then combined into macroscale materials and products
3. Massive Parallelism Assembly (MPA)the creation of many nanomachines /nanobotssynergy to assemble atoms and moleculesInto macroscale materials and products.
Making Nano RobotsNanobots and Nanobotic Control Devices
• Biochips for medical applications
• DNA based Micro-Robots
• Bacteria / Biologically integrated devices controlled by Electromagnetic Fields
• Voice-Controlled / Mind-Controlled Robots
– Neuronal impulses to trigger actions
– Robotic Arm could very well function as a real human arm.
Molecular NanobotsRice University Houston Texas
Fullerene • Any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in hollow
• System proposed to release drugs directly on implant site
– Sensor carbon and titanium nanotubes detect bacteria– Relay of signal to another part of implant where antibiotics are stored– Release of antibiotcs when infection at early phase – Could also be used to promote immunomodulation and prevent implant rejection– Could also be used to promote bone formation
Applications of NanotechnologyTracking Treatment – Rheumatoid Disease
Alicia El Haj Professor Regenerative Medicine University of Keele
• Stem cells from fat can suppress the immune response
• Stem cells must be activated deep in joint tissues to be effective
• Stem Cells can be tagged with magnetic nanoparticles
• Magnets can steer them keep them in position and even activate them
Applications of NanotechnologyTracking Treatment – Rheumatoid Disease
Alicia El Haj Professor Regenerative Medicine University of Keele
• Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Spions) attached to stem Cells
• Injected into joints of rodents with rheumatoid arthritis
• MRI scans track the labelled cells
• Pulling the nanoparticles activates the cells and leads to tissue regeneration
Application of NanotechnologySpermbots
• Mix tiny metallic tubes through bull sperm to produce Spermbots
– Iron and Titanium Tubes trap a single sperm– Sperm flagella power moves the Spermbot – A Biological Engine– no external power source required / no toxic power source required– Spermbots are guided to an ovum using a magnetic field
• Potential use in fertility treatment and IVF
• Another application is related to drug delivery
Application of NanotechnologyDisappearing Devices – Electroceuticals
John Rogers University of Illinois
• Tiny chip is placed in wound at risk of infection• Releases heat to kill bacteria• Silicon nanolayer loses 1-3 nanometres / day • Device dissolves into silicic acid which naturally occurs in body fluids• Chips could be loaded with antibiotics with wireless trigger release mechanism
Other Research includes:
• LED Research to control neurons with light – Potential injection into brain• Nano devices to stimulate nerve and bone growth• Pacemaker powered by heart beat which distorts and recharges implant
Applications of NanotechnologyVisualising Viruses
• Gold Nanoparticles coat viruses which do not affect ability to infect/kill cells
• Tagged virus permits EM snapshots
– Attachment– Cell penetration– Removing protein coat before replication
• Nanoparticles could be used as Trojan Horse
– to deliver drugs to cells infected by viruses
Self Replicating NanobotsJohn von Neumann
Eric Drexler described the term “Grey Goo” of exponential growth
Royal Society report on Nanoscience 2004 – No “Grey Goo” in foreseeable future