Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Design Documentation Report Flood Risk Management Project Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure and Reach 5 Appendix D2: Geotechnical Engineering and Geology DDR_FMM_R5_Appendix_D2_Post_FTR_150323.docx Appendix D2: Geotechnical Engineering and Geology Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management Project Reach 5 Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure Engineering and Design Phase P2#370365 Doc Version: Post FTR Submittal 23 March 2015
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Engineering and Design Phase · encompass the rock ramp structure is between station 576+00 and 596+00. Inlet Structure – Multi‐drop rock ramp o Stability of the excavated slope
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Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Design Documentation Report Flood Risk Management Project Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure and Reach 5 Appendix D2: Geotechnical Engineering and Geology
Attachment D2 ‐ 4: Outlet and Diversion Stability Analysis Results
Attachment D2 ‐ 5: Settlement and Rebound Calculations
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AppendixD2:GeotechnicalEngineeringandGeology
D.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Lower Rush River Drop Structure is located in the central area of the project where the Lower Rush
River will be diverted into the diversion channel, within Reach 5. Within this reach, there are multiple
features that require geotechnical design and considerations which are listed below. The reach that will
encompass the rock ramp structure is between station 576+00 and 596+00.
Inlet Structure – Multi‐drop rock ramp
o Stability of the excavated slope
o Design of riprap and bedding that is used along the rock ramp
o Estimate of rebound due to the unloading of the soil
Diversion Channel
o Stability of the excavated slope, accounting for the excavated material berms and low
flow channel
o Stability of the excavated slope, accounting for potential erosion of the low flow channel
and sedimentation at the bottom of the diversion.
o Estimate of rebound due to the unloading of the soil
Levees within the Excavated Material Berms along the Diversion Channel
o Settlement of the levees and excavated material berms
o Minimum vegetation‐free zone requirements
D.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
D.2.1 Physiography
Physiography is discussed in detail in the “General Report: Geotechnical Engineering and Geology”
(Reference D2 ‐1).
D.2.2 Topography
The topographic profile along the Reach 5 centerline begins at the downstream end at Sta. 521+00 where the ground surface is at typical elevation 890. Along Reach 5 moving upstream, the ground surface elevation rises very gradually to an average of about elevation 894 at Sta. 586+50. The ground surface from this point to the reach’s end varies from elevation 893 to 894. A number of small roads and County Road 22 cross the alignment along embankments that are several feet higher than the average ground elevations.
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D.2.3 Geology
A detailed description of the regional geology can be found in the “General Report: Geotechnical
Engineering and Geology” (Reference D2 ‐1). Generally speaking the Lower Rush Inlet Structure is
defined by a sequence of glacio‐lacustrine deposits (Argusville, Brenna, and Sherack Formations)
overlying a dense, overconsolidated glacial till. A layer of alluvial clay and topsoil typically caps the
lacustrine sequence.
The glacial till is not of great importance on the Lower Rush Inlet Structure, as no pile‐founded
structures are planned. Borings indicate that the top of the glacial till is located at about El. 828. Above
the till is the Argusville formation, which is approximately 10 to 15 ft thick. The contact between the
Argusville Formation and the Brenna Formation is gradational and typically occurs over 10 or more feet.
For the purposes of the stability analyses this gradational contact has been assumed as part of the
Brenna Formation, which exhibits lower shear strengths than the Argusville Formation. The
characterization of the 2012 and 2013 borings, which rely upon liquid limits, have been utilized in the
determination of this contact for the Lower Rush analyses, as it is more conservative than the field
classifications of the 2010 borings. The contact between the Brenna and Sherack Formations is located
at between El. 879 and 884. Typically there is a portion at the top of the Brenna that is oxidized and
sometimes desiccated. Testing indicates that this portion of the Brenna, typically several feet thick, is
characterized by higher shear strengths, and so it has been broken out as a separate material for
stability analyses. The Sherack Formation is typically around 5 ft thick, and its upper limit can range from
El. 890 to the ground surface. The Sherack is typically overlain by alluvial clays that are usually several
feet thick.
The stratigraphy for the Lower Rush inlet structure and Reach 5 is presented in the attachments for the
Reach 5 analysis and DDR prepared by the St. Paul District (MVP).
D.2.4 Structure
Geologic structures are discussed in detail in the “General Report: Geotechnical Engineering and
Geology” (Reference D2 ‐1).
D.2.5 Site Hydrogeology
The hydrogeology as discussed in the “General Report: Geotechnical Engineering and Geology”
(Reference D2 ‐1) applies to the Lower Rush Inlet Structure. Groundwater levels as measured during soil
borings varied. In some borings water could be 2.3 ft from the ground surface after a day, and in other
borings the hole would be dry to 20 ft for the same time period. Groundwater assumptions for modeling
were made based on instrumentation located at other locations in the Fargo‐Moorhead area and
seepage calibration modeling.
Instrumentation consisting of nested vibrating wire piezometers was installed along the proposed alignment in August 2012 and February 2013 to verify groundwater assumptions along portions of the diversion. The nearest instrumentation clusters to Reach 5 are 13‐204P and 12‐190P. 13‐204P is located approximately 2.3 miles downstream in Reach 4. 12‐190P is located just upstream in Reach 6. Readings
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from these locations indicate that the groundwater depths have fluctuated between 3.5 to 12 feet below the ground surface. The highest groundwater table elevations occurred in June and July of 2013, with the levels dropping afterwards. All piezometers indicate downward gradients through the Lake Agassiz clays into the Unit “A” Till. Piezometer 12‐190P indicates a downward gradient of 0.1 to 0.35 (Figure D2‐ 1). Piezometer 13‐204P indicates a downward gradient of about 0.15 to 0.65 (Figure D2‐ 2). The USGS Fargo gage on the Red River is shown for reference only. Please refer to the “General Report: Geotechnical Engineering and Geology” (Reference D2 ‐ 1) for additional information and details concerning the instrumentation.
Figure D2‐ 1: 12‐190P Instrumentation Plot
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D.2.6 Seismic Risk and Earthquake History
Seismic Risk and Earthquake History are discussed in the “General Report: Geotechnical Engineering and
Geology” (Reference D2 ‐1). The main conclusion is that the Fargo‐Moorhead area is one of the least
seismically active places in the United States. The estimated peak horizontal ground accelerations are
small, 0.025 g and 0.04g for a mean return time of 2475 years and 4975 years. Considering the low risk,
the low ground accelerations, and the fact that the foundation soils are not prone to liquefaction,
seismic analysis is not required for the diversion channel and inlet structure.
D.3 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION
D.3.1 Exploration
Soil borings and cone penetration test (CPT) soundings were completed within the project area to
determine the stratigraphy. The number and type of exploration method is summarized below in the
table. The location of the completed soil exploration can be found in Attachment D2 ‐ 2 for the Reach 5
DDR submitted by MVP. The boring logs can be found in Attachment D2 ‐ 3 for the Reach 5 DDR
Figure D2‐ 2: 13‐204P Instrumentation Plot
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submitted by MVP. Details concerning the subsurface investigation can be found in the “General Report:
Geotechnical Engineering and Geology” (Reference D2 ‐1).
Table D2 ‐ 1: Summary of Soil Exploration for Lower Rush Structure
Location Machine
Borings
Undisturbed
Borings
Hand Auger
Topsoil Borings
CPT
Lower Rush River
Drop Structure
6 1 1 1
D.3.2 Testing
While conducting the soil borings, samples are collected. Some of these samples are tested to
determine the in situ moisture content and Atterberg limits. At less frequency, grain size analysis
including hydrometer testing is completed on the samples. The results of these tests are including in the
boring log staffs.
One undisturbed soil boring (12‐162MU) was taken in the vicinity of the Drop Structure, west of the
Lower Rush River. Five samples were obtained from this boring and tested for shear strengths and
consolidation parameters.
D.3.3 Design Parameters
Geotechnical design parameters are discussed in detail in the “General Report: Geotechnical
Engineering and Geology” (Reference D2 ‐1). The design parameters presented in the general report
were used in the analysis and design of the Lower Rush Structure and Reach 5.
Many undisturbed borings were conducted throughout the Fargo‐Moorhead area. The samples were
tested to determine the shear strength and consolidation parameters of the materials. The results were
broken up into the different formations and the results combined together to determine the parameters
required for design. The results of the undisturbed testing can be found in the “General Report:
Geotechnical Engineering and Geology” (Reference D2 ‐ 1).
During the 35% phase of this project, final changes were made to the project stratigraphic profile by St. Paul District. The changes reflect geologic interpretations based on a review of laboratory testing, contact elevations and selection of most relevant soil borings. The changes in Reach 5 were generally detrimental to the design, lowering the Brenna/Argusville contact and therefore reducing the shear strengths in the lower part of the stratigraphy. In an effort to minimize changes to the layout, MVP performed a thorough review of shear strength testing. An increase in the drained shear strength of the Brenna formation was considered defensible and reduced the impact to layout and schedule.
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The drained shear strength of the Brenna formation was reviewed and it was found that increasing the shear envelope by 20 psf was an acceptable change as the envelope still was within the range of the test results. Additionally it is has been noted that legacy testing performed for the Horace to West Fargo and West Fargo diversions, south of Reach 5, plots well below tests performed for the current project. There is no geologic reason to expect such a discrepancy, and additional investigation is planned to explore potential causes. The updated shear strength data parameters to the Brenna formation is displayed in the below Figure D2‐3.
Figure D2‐ 3 : Brenna Strength Plot
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D.4 DIVERSION CHANNEL ANALYSIS
D.4.1 Modeling Summary
This section discusses the basic geometric features of the diversion channel within Reach 5 and the
Lower Rush River Rock Ramp as it drains into the diversions channel and as it pertains to geotechnical
analysis.
D.4.1.1 Lower Rush Inlet Geometry
The Lower Rush River will empty into the FMM Diversion Channel via a rock ramp which employs rock
weirs and a 5% slope to achieve the majority of the elevation change. 1V:8H side slopes are required
throughout the ramp to meet stability requirements.
Throughout the outlet the base of the excavation will be covered with a layer of rock and bedding
material in order to prevent erosion. This erosion protection extends up to the 500 year + 2 feet flood
elevation and will be up to five feet thick. In the undrained case it was verified that the additional
excavation prior to placing the rock was not detrimental to stability.
The geometry of the critical section for the inlet structure is taken at the bottom of the 5% ramp at LRR
Station 5+40. During construction with overexcavation for riprap, this section has the lowest invert
elevation within the rock ramp. The invert of the rock ramp at this point is elevation 866.20’. At this
location the centerline of the diversion channel low‐flow channel is about 270 feet away from the rock
structure channel centerline. Five feet of riprap are required for erosion protection at this section.
Due to the geometry of the rock ramp and corresponding layout of the excavated material berms, the
EMBs to the north of the ramp require flatter slopes than those on the EMB to the south of the ramp.
The EMB to the north of the ramp is higher in elevation where the critical section occurs at Sta 5+40. A
southern EMB does not exist at this location, and develops very slowly from this point to its maximum
elevation much further up the ramp where it has much flatter slopes and a higher invert elevation. To
evaluate the stability of the ramp where the southern EMB with slopes 1:8 has a significant height, a
section was analyzed at Sta 12+00. This section has the greatest differential in maximum EMB elevation
and invert elevation, and was therefore determined to be a critical location for this analysis. The 1:8
EMB slopes for the EMB south of the Rock Ramp were determined to be stable for this section. Utilizing
two different EMB slopes for this reach along the rock ramp optimizes storage area of the excavated
material compared to that which would be achieved if both EMBs were constructed at 1:10 slopes.
Figure D2‐4 displays the location of the two sections.
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Figure D2‐ 4 : Lower Rush Rock Ramp Configuration
D.4.1.2 Diversion Channel Geometry
In cross‐section, the channel features can be divided in three parts:
1) Main channel: The main diversion channel will be described separately from the meandering low‐flow
channel at its base. The main channel provides the vast majority of the channel’s capacity and was sized
to handle large flows associated with flooding. It is characterized by excavated side slopes of 1V:7H and
a 300 ft wide base sloping at 1V:50H (2%) towards the channel centerline. Within Reach 5 the side
slopes are typically around 19 ft in height.
2) Meandering Low Flow Channel: A smaller low flow channel at the base of the main channel is
required in order to convey the smaller flows anticipated over most of the channel’s design life. For
environmental reasons, the low flow channel meanders sinuously within the base of the main channel.
The geometry of the channel and its spatial relationship to the main channel have been selected in order
to meet both hydraulic and geotechnical requirements. The channel itself is 90 ft wide at the top with
5.6 ft high side slopes and a 46 ft wide base sloping at 2% to the low flow channel invert. Side slopes
vary with the meander in order to maintain the above dimensions, but are roughly 1V:4H for the
stability design case (Case 2, as described in section D.4.4)
The low flow channel meanders within a 200 ft wide band centered in the main channel, leaving 50 ft
between the toe of the main channel and the top of the low flow channel at its maximum offset from
centerline. This was the cross‐section chosen for stability analysis.
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3) Excavated Material Berms (EMBs): Material excavated for the diversion channel will be placed
adjacent to the channel in berms that could be a maximum of 20 ft in height. The berms will be offset
from the top of excavation by 50 ft and the side slopes facing the channel will be 1V:7H. Side slopes
facing away from the channel are currently shown as 1V:6H. Excavation and stability requirements were
achieved by maintaining a simple EMB configuration, and, therefore, stepped EMBs analyses were not
required. A design envelope was developed in order to help the Civil layout of the EMBs, which provides
maximum grading extents for the material that would still remain stable. The results of this process will
be presented in section D.5.
Models were not updated from the 65% DDR Submittal for the Lower Rush Diversion channel. The parameters chosen and profile assumed in this report were verified by additional borings completed in 2013. Formation contact elevations generally varied by less than one foot with all original assumptions being more conservative than those determined by additional exploration. The largest variation was in the contact of the Oxidized Brenna and Brenna formation at Section 8a, which was interpreted to be 875.0 from 2010 borings and interpreted to be 872.3 from 2013 boring. This variation was determined to be insignificant in the overall stability of the cross sections, as it did not improve conditions enough to change the required geometry of the cross section.
D.4.2 Sections
The geometric configurations of the cross‐sections analyzed for stability are summarized below Table
D2‐2. Formation contact elevations for each are provided in Table D2‐3.
(1) The EMB configuration and geometry will be detailed in the summary for the stability analysis. (2) Side Slopes for Northern EMB (3) Side Slopes for Southern EMB/Northern EMB
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Till (2) 827.7 777.0 827.7 777.0 824.0 777.0 824.0 777.0
Notes:
(1) The top of the Alluvium is considered the Ground Surface Elevation (GSE).
(2) The bottom of the Till is equal to the bottom of the model used for stability purposes.
D.4.3 Seepage
Seepage analysis was conducted according to the “MFR‐002, Diversion Channel and Low‐Flow Chanel Design” (Reference D2‐3), in which the analysis methodology is described in detail. These pore pressures are then used in the long‐term (drained) slope stability analysis. Briefly, half‐space models were constructed with a total head condition at the far field boundary, located 2000 ft from the channel centerline. The total head condition is equivalent to 10 ft below the ground surface. This assumes a hydrostatic groundwater condition at the far‐field boundary, which is thought to be a reasonable assumption based on available instrumentation data. A potential seepage face boundary condition was applied to the face of the channel slope and the base of the low flow channel. Currently the low flow channel is modeled as “dry” as it is anticipated that the channel could dry up occasionally during the project’s design life, and this would represent a critical design condition.
Seepage analyses of the Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure were performed similar to the diversion
channel analyses. However, the interface between the riprap and the excavated surface was modeled as
a zero pressure boundary condition for Section LRR1 at Station 5+00. This method produced a realistic
pore pressure regime while preventing water from “ponding” in the sizable pore space of the riprap.
This was considered a reasonable assumption because the Lower Rush River is known to dry up at times,
in which case ponded water below the riprap surface would not be present. Due to the higher elevation
of the ramp at Section LRR2, Station 12+00, it is not realistic to assume the piezometric surface will be
above the riprap and would “pond” within its pore space. Therefore, a potential seepage face boundary
condition was applied between the riprap and excavated surface. This produced the most realistic
ground water conditions for the geometry of this section.
A seepage calibration has been performed using piezometer data in the FMM area. The purpose of the
calibration was to verify that assumptions regarding boundary conditions and hydraulic conductivities
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correlated reasonably well with field data. The calibration is discussed in detail in the “General Report:
Geotechnical Engineering and Geology” (Reference D2‐1).
D.4.4 Stability
The methodology used to analyze slope stability is described in detail in the “MFR‐002, Diversion Channel and Low‐Flow Chanel Design” (Reference D2‐3), and will be summarized only briefly here. The analyses considered both drained and undrained cases. The pore pressures from the seepage analysis are coupled in the long‐term (drained) stability analysis. For the drained case, several search zones were identified with varying required factors of safety based on criticality of the slip surface.
Two geometric configurations (Case 2 and 5) were analyzed for stability of the diversion channel and
have varying required factors of safety depending on the occurrence of each configuration. Two cases
analyzed in the 35% DDR (Case 3 and 4) were rendered obsolete in light of the Meander Belt Width
Analysis completed by Barr Engineering and the HEC‐RAS Sediment Transport Analysis completed by
USACE St. Paul District. Case 2 represents the design geometry of the low flow channel as described in
Section D.4.1. Case 5 represents two vertical feet of erosion at the base of the low flow channel and
along the low flow side slopes and sedimentation above the bottom of the diversion channel. The intent
of Case 5 is to estimate the stability of the diversion channel throughout the lifetime of the project,
considering that erosion of the low‐flow and sedimentation of the diversion will likely occur.
The stability analysis of the inlet structure did not consider the two geometric configurations because
the channel was centered within the cut and riprap and bedding is being placed to prevent erosion. It
was therefore unnecessary to look at cases in which the inlet channel migrated towards the toe of the
main channel.
D.4.5 Results
Stability results for the Diversion channel are summarized below in Table D2‐4.
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Table D2 ‐ 4: Summary of Diversion Channel Stability Results
Notes: (1) All factors of safety presented are the optimized factors of safety. The non‐optimized factors were checked and yield larger values in all cases.
(2) The results of the Left‐Slope EMB analysis stay the same regardless of the low‐flow case. (3) Tension cracks were started at 1 foot deep and progressively increased until tension forces in the slices were removed.
(4) Global Check analysis accounts for the influence of the large EMB. (5) The Undrained analysis has the same entry and exit extents as the Global Check to account for the influence of the EMB (6) Sedimentation was started at 2 feet and increased by 2 feet increments until the factor of safety was not met. Sedimentation greater than 2 feet yielded factors of safety less than those required for all lower and localized analyses.
(7) Drained analysis with 5' rock over excavation and riprap in place of soil. Permeability of riprap assumed as 1000 ft/day. Potential seepage face modeled on top of the ramp slopes where riprap is not expected, and zero pressure head placed beneath the riprap material.
The diversion stability analysis was performed in accordance with “MFR‐002, Diversion Channel and
Low‐Flow Chanel Design” (Reference D2‐3) and also follows the guidance provided in the “EMB Regional
Webinar” presented on June 21st, 2012. The results indicate that benches will not be needed in the
diversion slopes along Reach 5 in order to meet stability criteria.
Stability results for the Rock Ramp can be summarized in Table D2‐5 below.
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Table D2 ‐ 5: Rock Ramp Stability Results
Minimum Required FS
1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3
Section (1) Stationing Max crack depth (ft) Global
Global Check Lower Localized
Undrained During
Construction
Undrained End of
Construction (5)
LRR1 5+30 4 1.73 1.73 1.82 1.75 1.23 (3)
1.45 (4) 1.35
LRR2 12+00 1 2.06 1.71 2.1 2.21 1.37 1.47
Notes:
(1) Drained analysis with 5' rock over excavation and riprap in place of soil. Permeability of riprap assumed as 1000 ft/day. Potential seepage face modeled on top of the ramp slopes where riprap is not expected, and zero pressure head placed beneath the riprap material. (2) Temporary excavation for riprap included in the analysis with no material type present. Peak undrained material strengths utilized. (3) Using Ultimate Undrained Material Strengths
(4) Using Peak Undrained Material Strengths
(5) Riprap in place. Ultimate Undrained Material Strengths utilized.
In order to meet stability criteria for the undrained case, the slopes of the Lower Rush Ramp must be
1V:8H. Models of the rock ramp were run with different boundary conditions in the seepage model in
order to determine how the difference would be reflected in the stability analysis. These different
boundary conditions resulted in a slight variation in Factors of Safety for the drained cases, but utilizing
the zero‐pressure head boundary condition is believed to be the more accurate representation of actual
conditions.
For the undrained case two conditions were considered, the during construction case in which overexcavation of five feet is modeled for the riprap and the end of construction case in which riprap has been placed within the ramp. For Section LRR1, peak undrained strengths were utilized for the temporary excavation condition, which yielded a Factor of Safety of 1.45. Utilizing the ultimate undrained strengths resulted in a Factor of Safety of 1.23, which is acceptable for the temporary conditions. Ultimate material strengths are considered when significant deformation may be expected in the soils. The short term, during construction condition is not expected to experience such deformation and can therefore be reasonably expected to attain peak strength characteristics. For Section LRR2, ultimate undrained strengths yielded a Factor of Safety greater than the required 1.3, and therefore, peak strengths were not modeled. End of construction analyses utilized ultimate undrained strengths.
A comparison of peak and undrained strengths of foundation materials is displayed in Table D2‐6. A
typical stress‐strain relationship obtained from testing of Brenna Formation within the Lower Rush reach
is displayed in Figure D2‐5. A complete listing of Soil Parameters and testing data is available in the
“General Report: Geotechnical Engineering and Geology” (Reference D2‐1).
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Table D2 ‐ 6: Total Stress Parameters
Formation Total Stress, c (psf)
Ultimate (1) Peak (2)
Alluvium 900 1400
Sherack 900 1400
Oxidized Brenna 900 1000
Brenna 575 650
Argusville See Note (3) 825
Unit “A” Till 1900 2200
Notes:
(1) The ultimate total stress parameters are based on unconsolidated‐undrained triaxial shear tests with the
failure criterion defined at ultimate deviator stress which equates to the deviator stress at 15% axial strain.
(2) The peak total stress parameters are based on unconsolidated‐undrained triaxial shear tests with the failure
criterion defined at peak deviator stress.
(3) The Argusville formation ultimate undrained shear strength was assumed to be linearly increasing with depth.
Initial cohesion was assumed to be 575 psf, with an increase of 10 psf/FT.
The seepage and stability analyses are presented in Attachment D2 ‐ 4.
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D.4.6 Future Work
Any changes to the channel geometry or EMB geometry that occur for non‐geotechnical reasons may
require re‐analysis for stability. For example, on one side of the channel the EMBs will likely be shaped
in undulating hills for recreational purposes. This may have stability implications and will require
verification as the grading plan moves forward.
D.5 EXCAVATED MATERIAL BERM AND LEVEE ANALYSIS
In some areas the EMBs will be subject to differential head conditions for the most significant diversion
discharges. It has been determined that for the right bank of the diversion channel the EMBs will in
some capacity act as levees. The levees will be designed in accordance with the parameters provided in
“MFR‐001, Levees and Excavated Material Berms along the Diversion” (5). The MFR outlines slopes for
the levee prism, material and compaction requirements and also covers the Vegetation‐Free Zone and
Vegetation‐Management Zone requirements needed for the levees and EMBs. The levee prism will be
completely encapsulated by the larger EMB for the Lower Rush Reach. There is no need for an
embedded levee in the left bank EMB.
Analyses were conducted to determine the maximum grading extents of the EMBS based on the current design concepts and restrictions. The crown of the EMB must not extend more than 21 feet above existing grade at the time of construction because of viewshed height limitation requirements. In order to accommodate the 2% crown slope, the initial EMB height is less than the EMB crown height. A simple EMB and different configurations of stepped EMBs, with varied stepped height, width and offset, were analyzed in order to establish a design envelope that the civil layout could fall within and still be stable. The results indicate that for both Sections 8 and 8a, the simple would be the most practical and efficient design. The maximum EMB height and width was then determined for the civil layout to be completed. Once the civil layout of the EMB was determined, verification analyses were performed to assure that the section meets stability requirements. Based on the results, the EMB initial height should be limited to 16 feet with a maximum EMB height of 20 feet and width of 400 feet for both Sections 8 and 8a. A summary of the maximum grading extents is below in Table D2‐7. The diversion channel stability plates in Attachment D2‐4 show the simple EMB Configuration. The results of the maximum EMB grading extents based solely on the geotechnical slope stability concerns are summarized below in Table D2‐7. The heights indicated are based on a generalized existing ground surface elevation. If the existing ground surface is higher than the assumed ground surface, then the elevations of the maximum grading extents need to control the layout. The geotechnical analysis was conducted using the left side of the diversion channel centerline. The stratigraphy has been assumed to be symmetrical along the centerline, so the results of the maximum grading extents of the left EMB can be applied to the right EMB. This is of importance when the
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undulations are being designed for the right bank recreational plan. The undulations shall be designed such that the undulation grading does not exceed the maximum grading extents.
Table D2 ‐ 7: Summary of EMB Maximum Grading Extents
Left Bank EMB Maximum Grading Extents based only on Geotechnical Engineering Considerations
Notes: (1) Simple ‐ EMB without a step and top crowned at 2% (2) All stability analyses completed for left bank EMB. The maximum grading extents for the right
Fargo‐Moorhead Metro Flood Risk Management Project
Geotechnical EMB Maxium Gradients Extents Sections 8 and 8a
Case 2
Simplified EMB
EMB Height = 20
EMB Slope 1V:7H
EMB Crown: 2%
EMB Slope 1V:6H
EMB Width = 400 ft
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D.6 RIGHT BANK EMEDDED LEVEES
As previously mentioned, an embedded levee will be required within the right bank for flood risk
reduction reasons. There is no need for a levee on the left bank. The requirements for the right bank
embedded levee are summarized below. Additional details concerning the levees and EMBs can be
found in MFR‐001, Levees and Excavated Material Berms along the Diversion” (5).
Crest Elevation – The crest elevation will be the estimated maximum flood fight flow profile plus overbuild to account for estimated settlement
Typical Section – The typical cross section will be the St. Paul District typical section for levees within the Red River Valley which has a 10ft top width and a 1V:3H side slopes
Construction Requirements – The construction requirements are:
o Stripping: All organic materials beneath the footprint of the levee shall be removed.
o Inspection Trench: An inspection trench will not be required because the diversion
channel will act as a large inspection trench. If any pervious layers are encountered
during excavation, an analysis should be completed to determine if a cut‐off trench
will be needed
o Utilities and Drain Tile: If utilities and drain tile are encountered within the diversion
channel excavation or they are known to be beneath the footprint of the levee, at a
minimum, the utilities and drain tile shall be removed from beneath the footprint of
the levee and extending out 15 feet from both toes of the levee. The exception would
be utilities relocated as part of this project in compliance with “MFR‐010, Utility
Relocation Requirements” (Reference D2 ‐ 4).
o Fill Material: Alluvium or Sherack materials shall be used as fill material. These
formations will be located in the upper portion of the diversion channel excavation.
These materials are identified in the specifications as those with a liquid limit of less
than or equal to 90 (LL≤90).
o Placement: The materials shall be placed in lifts of 12 inches or less.
o Compaction: The fill material will be required to be compacted to a minimum 90
percent of maximum dry densisty as determined by the standard proctor.
o Moisture Control: Moisture control will not be specified but this will not relieve the
contractor from obtaining the required compaction.
o Testing: Minimum testing will be completed on materials placed. Testing will include
proctors, density, Atterberg limits, and grain size analysis.
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D.7 SETTLEMENT AND REBOUND The large‐scale excavation and placement of soil introduces the potential for significant soil rebound and settlement, respectively. Since the final grade is important for many project features, including the drainage structures, embedded levees, and the low‐flow invert, rebound and settlement need to be analyzed in order to plan potential mitigation measures. Settlement and rebound calculations are presented in Attachment D 2‐5 and explained in this section. Calculations were not updated from the 65% DDR Submittal for the Lower Rush Diversion channel. The parameters chosen and profile assumed in this report were verified by additional borings completed in 2013. Formation contact elevations generally varied by less than one foot with all original assumptions being more conservative than those determined by additional exploration. The largest variation was in the contact of the Oxidized Brenna and Brenna formation at Section 8a, which was interpreted to be 875.0 from 2010 borings and interpreted to be 872.3 from 2013 boring. This variation was determined to be insignificant in the overall settlement and rebound findings.
D.7.1 Consolidation Parameters
Soil parameters used for settlement and rebound calculations were taken from consolidation tests performed throughout the Fargo‐Moorhead metro area for several USACE projects. In‐situ effective vertical stresses were estimated based on the stratigraphy indicated in the adjacent machine boring and assuming a groundwater table 10 ft below ground surface when no other groundwater data was available. Preconsolidation pressures were determined both by the laboratory and by the Casagrande approach. Generally there was good agreement between laboratory‐determined values and Corps determined values. The glacial till was assumed to be incompressible for the purposes of estimating settlement. The consolidation parameters selected for the settlement and rebound analyses represent the “mean” or “expected value” parameters based on the available data. The mean consolidation parameters are shown below in Table D2 ‐ 8.
Settlement of the right bank EMB was estimated in order to approximate the amount of required overbuild for encapsulated levees in order to maintain the maximum flood fight flow profile of the levee. The final grade of the EMBs is not a concern since overbuild will be applied directly to the encapsulated levee section. The levee and right bank EMB were assumed to be practically
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incompressible for the purposes of analysis. An analysis considering an infinite surcharge equivalent to the maximum allowable EMB height of 20 ft of compacted clay fill and the mean consolidation parameters resulted in a settlement of roughly 17 inches. This value would decrease somewhat by accounting for the finite nature of the loading. Also, the stripping of the upper several feet of topsoil and replacement with compacted levee fill would further reduce this estimate. Check analyses using the settlement program CSETT and the same consolidation parameters were conducted using both infinite and finite loading for Section 8. The resulting settlement values were in agreement with the results calculated using the spreadsheet developed by MVP. Considering overbuild required throughout the entire Reach 5 extents, recommended overbuild for the right bank levee is 1.5 feet. Settlement analyses results are located in Attachment D2 ‐5.
Table D2 ‐ 10: Predicted EMB Settlement for Determination of Levee Overbuild
EMB Settlement for Determination of Levee Overbuild
Section 8 8a
EMB Height (ft) 20 20
Depth of Compressible Material (ft) 65 65
Predicted Settlement (ft) 1.43 1.39
D.7.3 Rebound in the Channel Excavation
The net change in grade resulting from excavation for the diversion channel the will result in rebound. Analysis considering infinite excavation to the level of the diversion channel invert calculated this rebound to be roughly 15 inches.
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Table D2 ‐ 11: Predicted Ultimate Rebound in Diversion Channel
Rebound at Diversion Invert
Section 8 8a
Excavation Depth (ft) 21 21
Depth of Compressible Material beneath Excavation (ft) 65 65
Predicted Ultimate Rebound (ft) 1.22 1.32
Additional details on time‐rate of rebound calculations can be found in the “General Report: Geotechnical Engineering and Geology” (Reference D2 ‐1). Over excavation of the diversion channel to account for rebound is not recommended based on geotechnical and hydraulic analyses – it is anticipated that hydraulic capacity will be sufficient even if rebound occurs. If and when changes in grade due to sedimentation and/or rebound become a hydraulic issue, cleanout will be required in order to maintain the necessary flow capacity. MVP will monitor rebound in Reach 1 and determine if adjustments should be made prior to construction of subsequent reaches, including Reach 5.
D.8 DIVERSION EXCAVATION TYPES
The construction of the diversion channel will require excavation through different materials. The type
of equipment used, production rates, and excavation costs will depend on the characteristics of these
different material. In order to complete a comprehensive cost estimate, the diversion channel
excavation was broken into five different excavation types. A profile was developed along the Reach 5
alignment discerning the five different excavation types in order to estimate quantities. A summary of
the excavation types is below in Table D2‐12. For diversion excavation types 1 and 2, the groundwater
table was based on water level readings in the boring logs or the bottom of the local drainage features
and was generally 5 to 7.5 feet below the ground surface. This assumption is different from that which is
used in the seepage and stability analysis.
Table D2 ‐ 12: Summary of Diversion Channel Excavation Types
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D.9 LOCAL DRAINAGE INLETS
The local drainage plan does not call for any drainage inlets at the location of the Lower Rush River
Drop/Inlet structure.
D.10 RIPRAP AND BEDDING
Riprap will be required at several locations where the Lower Rush River meets the Diversion Channel.
Riprap gradation R30 and R270 will be used. Further details on the Riprap sizing, gradations, and
locations can be found in Appendix C.
D.11 CONSTRUCTABILITY
D.11.1 Excavations
This section discusses several considerations with regards to the constructability of the proposed
excavations.
D.11.1.1 Past Experience
MVP has experience with excavations in the Fargo‐Moorhead area as a result of the Horace to West
Fargo and West Fargo Diversion Channels (HWF Diversions) and frequent flood fighting efforts that have
required use of borrow material. The HWF Diversions were on the order of 10 feet deep, placing the
bottom of the excavation in the Sherack formation or just into the Brenna formation. The side slopes of
these channels where excavated at 1V:7H using scrapers. No constructability issues sloughing of the
excavated slopes or seepage into the excavation were encountered in the tight clay materials.
During flood fights, a substantial amount of borrow is needed to construct emergency levees. The fill is
obtained from local borrow pits and have been excavated with very steep to nearly vertical faces with
depths ranging from 10 to 20 feet. These steep faces typically show little to no sloughing failures during
the time they remain open, which could be up to a couple months. Also, seepage is not a concern as
very little water seepages into the excavation.
D.11.1.2 Methods
MVP recognized that the soils change with depth; the materials will become wetter and weaker with
depth. Due to the changing nature of the soils with depth, it is anticipated that different excavation
techniques will be employed as the excavation increases in depth. Specifically, the stronger upper soils
(Alluvium, Sherack) will likely be excavated with a scraper as was the case for the HWF Diversions. As the
excavation penetrates into the Brenna Formation the soils may have a reduced capacity to support
construction equipment. Therefore, it is likely an excavator will be used and material loaded into off‐
road haul trucks to transport the excavated materials.
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D.11.1.3 Stripping and Overexcavation
It is anticipated that 1 to 2 feet of topsoil will need to be stripped from the footprint of the project based
on the results of the top soil survey. However, localized variations could be encountered along the
alignment. This layer should be readily distinguishable as it will be black and contain organics. Topsoil
should be stripped from the diversion footprint and stockpiled as needed for placement during final
grading. This layer should be readily distinguishable as it will be black and contain organics.
It is anticipated that soft surface soils will be encountered at several locations along the alignment and will require special treatment beneath fill areas (EMBs, levees, and other embankments). Slopes of 1V:4H or steeper need to be stepped prior to subgrade preparation.
D.11.1.4 Dewatering
Dewatering prior to the start of excavation will not be required due to the impervious nature of the
soils, and the flow of water into the excavation will be minimal. The diversion channel will need to be
excavated with a slope such that any precipitation that occurs will runoff towards a low area. If a large
amount of precipitation occurs, the contractor may be required to pump this water out of the
excavation.
D.11.1.5 Sand Pockets / Lenses
There is the possibility of encountering sand pockets or lenses. If sand pockets or lenses are
encountered during excavation and have a perched water table, there could be a large quantity of flow
into the excavation. If dewater efforts could not keep up with the flow, an impervious cutoff trench
could be constructed adjacent to the diversion channel to reduce flow into the excavation.
D.11.2 Access/Maintenance Road Foundations
Access and maintenance roads along the project will require adequate foundations in order to minimize
surface degradation and associated maintenance over the project lifespan. Aggregate base course will
require a minimum 8” thickness, and will be placed atop a separation geotextile. The subgrade shall
consist of 3 ft of impervious fill placed in lifts no greater than 9” thick and compacted to 95% of standard
proctor with a moisture content between plus 3% and minus 2% of optimum.
This design is similar to the standard design used by Cass County. Additionally, calculations following the
Giroud and Han design method for unpaved roads (Reference D2 ‐ 6) were completed as part of the
Reach 1 design. The results of the calculations indicate that strong subgrade (undrained shear strength
of 1500 psf), geotextile separation fabric, and 9 inches of gravel was needed to support a minimal
number of passes (500) of heavy construction traffic (~12,600 lb wheel load). This supports the need to
compact the 3 feet of subgrade beneath the aggregate surfacing.
D.11.3 Embankment Construction
Construction of embankments in the Red River Valley can pose to be problematic due to the weak
foundation conditions. Placement of materials along the banks of existing rivers can reactivate existing
slides or initiate a new slope failure. Rapid placement of material for embankments can also lead to
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slope failures during construction. These failures are dependent on the size and configuration of the
embankment along with the rate the embankments are constructed.
One recent example of failure during construction was the 9th Street and Interstate 94 Interchange in
West Fargo, North Dakota, occurring in 2007. In this case, bridge overpass embankments were
constructed over wick drains to heights greater than 30 ft above existing grade using 1V:2H side slopes
and failed 45 to 60 days after construction had started. It is recognized that rapidly constructing tall
embankments with steep side slopes can lead to end‐of‐construction (undrained) failures.
D.11.4 Winter Conditions
The contract specifications allow for some work to continue through the winter. Freezing temperatures
may be advantageous during bulk excavation of the diversion channel, as soils will be stiffer and subject
to less wetting by precipitation. However, the potential for freezing of the EMB subgrade and excavated
material requires some restrictions regarding material placement in these conditions.
Winter conditions are defined as when frost thickness measures 3 inches or greater. Continuous
operation (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) is required during winter conditions in order to minimize the
amount of excavated frozen material. Levees will not be constructed during the winter, though unfrozen
material may be placed anywhere in the EMB section so long as the subgrade is also unfrozen. Within
the inward ½ of the EMB (as measured by base width from the diversion‐side toe), frozen subgrade
must be removed prior to placement of unfrozen fill.
Excavated material containing any amount of frost must be placed in the outward ½ of the EMB, where
frozen subgrade must be scarified prior to placement. Chunks of frozen material measuring more than
12 inches in any direction must be temporarily stockpiled within the temporary work limits until thawed,
then re‐worked and placed in the EMB in accordance with the specifications.
D.11.5 Levees and Excavated Material Berms
In some areas of the channel a portion of the EMBs will function as a levee for channel flows that rise
above existing ground elevations. This portion of the EMB will be identified as a levee prism and will be
subject to more stringent construction specifications. For example, the materials used to construct the
levee will need to be taken from the upper portion of the stratigraphy containing the stronger alluvium
and Sherack soils. Also, stricter construction requirements will be required on lift thick and compaction.
Material used for the excavated material berms will have less strict lift thickness, density and
compaction requirements. The intent is to avoid soft spots and pockets along with minimizing the
differential settlement of the EMB.
Experience with the West Fargo Diversion project suggests that compaction of these excavated soils
occurs with relatively little effort.
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D.11.5.1 Net Swelling of Material Used for EMBs
It is anticipated that the soil that is excavated for the construction of the diversion channel will not
occupy the same volume after placement as before excavation due to handling and placement. In other
words, there will likely be a net shrinking or swelling of the excavated soil. The experience during the
construction of the Manitoba floodway was that an average net increase in volume of 15% was
observed under non‐frozen conditions. The increase was larger under freezing conditions. The required
lift thickness was about 12 inches, and the only requirement regarding compaction was that the
excavated materials be “compacted with wheel loads, tracks or compaction equipment”. During
construction of the Horace to West Fargo Diversion in the Fargo area, there was a net decrease in
volume of the material, and additional material had to be obtained in order to construct the levees
adjacent to the channel. However, for the Horace to West Fargo Diversion all material was subject to
strict levee compaction requirements. It is apparent that the change in volume is heavily dependent on
the method of placement and cannot be quantified without replicating the placement conditions that
are anticipated during construction.
The approach that the design team has taken with regards to placement of the EMBs is to (1) control the
lift thickness and compaction within a reasonable level, (2) to plan for a range of potential soil
expansion, from no expansion to 15% expansion and (3) to provide a contingency plan should the
volume exceed the expected amount. Lift thicknesses are limited to 18 inches and compaction to 85% of
standard proctor is required. Considering the EMB grading guidelines it has been estimated that there is
enough space within the presently shown right‐of‐way in order to accommodate approximately 16%
combined expansion and quantity overruns. Additional “excavated material pile” sites have been
identified should the excavated material exhibit more expansion than expected.
Laboratory testing, including standard proctor and in‐situ dry density tests, have been conducted in
order to develop confidence in the above design approach. Undisturbed samples were extracted from
two locations in Reach 1. The samples were taken from the upper 20 ft, which comprise the vast
majority of the diversion excavation. The goal of the testing was to determine how the in‐situ density
compares to compaction levels required by the specification.
The results are plotted in Figure D2‐7, which shows the in‐situ density compared to the dry density
associated with the specified compaction level for EMB material (85% of maximum dry density
according to standard proctor). In all cases there is a reduction in density between the in‐situ density
and the compacted density that directly corresponds with volumetric expansion. The expansion varies
by sample between 4% and 19%, with an average of 13%. The average value does not necessarily
correspond with the average value of the excavated material ‐ A greater proportion of the material will
be derived from the upper stratigraphy due to the trapezoidal shape of the channel. However,
normalized to account for the shape of the channel the average expansion remains 13%.
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Figure D2‐ 7: In‐situ dry density data compared to standard proctor results
Generally speaking it can be said that the results of the soils testing support the design approach. They
can be interpreted to mean that if 85% of standard proctor is achieved for all excavated soils, there will
be sufficient volume within the current design grade lines to accommodate the excavated materials
within the EMB section. In reality some of the material will experience greater compaction, whether
required (embedded levee) or incidental (greater equipment traffic).
D.12 SOURCES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
D.12.1 Levee Material
As mentioned previously, the material that is goes into the levee section will come for the upper portion
of the diversion channel excavation. This material mush have a liquid limit (LL) of 90% or lower.
D.12.2 Concrete Aggregate, Riprap, and Bedding
Sources for fine and coarse concrete aggregate, bedding, and riprap should be available locally. Most of
the material consists of rounded, wave‐washed boulders, cobbles, and sand. Acceptable quality
commercial aggregates in the Fargo/Moorhead vicinity are usually obtained from the beach ridges of
glacial Lake Agassiz east of the Red River. Riprap and bedding material may be available from field stone
piles in farm fields. If large quantities of riprap size material are required, especially "over‐size" rock,
producers will need significant lead time in order to stockpile material. Outside of the Red River Valley
sources of quarried, angular, stone are also be available within an approximate radius of 200 miles of
the proposed project.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Depth (ft)
(pcf)
Dry Densitydry density, 85% compaction (pcf) in‐situ dry density (pcf)
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D.13 PHASE 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was conducted along the project area to identify the
presence and/or potential presence of hazardous, toxic, and radioactive wastes (HTRW). The ESA
identifies past or present HTRW issues term Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs) which is
defined as the presence or likely presence of any hazardous substances or petroleum products on a
property under conditions that indicate an existing release, a past release, or a material threat of a
release of any hazardous substances or petroleum products into structures on the property or into the
ground, groundwater, or surface water of the property.
The initial PI ESA was completed during the feasibility study in 2010 by Stanley Consultants (Reference
D2 ‐ 7). A supplemental investigation was completed in 2012 by the St. Louis District Corps of Engineers
(Reference D2 ‐ 5) to cover the areas of the shifted alignment at the north end of the project. The ESAs
were completed in conformance with the scope and limitations of American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) Practice E 1527‐05 and Engineering Regulation ER‐1165‐2‐132 Water Resource Policies
and Authorities Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste (HTRW) Guidance for Civil Works Projects.
Within Reach 5 specifically, there were no major issues identified on the properties within Reach 5. Due to the agricultural and rural setting, it would be common to have RECs associated with these types of settings which include aboveground storage tanks, (ASTs), underground storage tanks (USTs), underground utilities, etc. Even if these RECs were present, they would not present a significant risk if handled properly.
D.14 REFERENCES
Reference D2 ‐1: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Fargo‐Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management General Report: Geotechnical Design and Geology. St. Paul District: July 2011. Reference D2 ‐ 2: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Fargo‐Moorhead Metro Flood Risk Management Project –MFR‐001, Levees and Excavated Material Berms along the Diversion Channel. St. Paul District: June 2012.
Reference D2 ‐ 3: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Fargo‐Moorhead Metro Flood Risk Management Project –MFR‐002, Diversion Channel and Low‐Flow Chanel Design. St. Paul District: June 2012.
Reference D2‐4: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – St. Paul District. Fargo‐Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management – MFR‐010, Utility Relocation Requirements. April 2012.
Reference D2 ‐ 5: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – St. Louis District. Fargo‐Moorhead Metropolitan Area
Flood Risk Management Project Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) 2012 Supplement.
September 2012.
Reference D2 ‐ 6: Giroud, J.P. and Han, Jie. Design Method for Geogrid‐Reinforced Unpaved Roads.
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. August 2004.
Reference D2 ‐ 7: Stanly Consultants, Inc. (2010). Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Fargo Metro
Feasibility Study HTRW. November 2010.
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D.15 ATTACHMENTS
Attachment D2 ‐ 1: Stratigraphy (Included in Reach 5 DDR)
Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management
Design Documentation Report Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure
Attachment D2-5. Settlement and Rebound Analysis
Page 4 of 17
PROGRAM CSETT - VERTICAL STRESS INDUCTION AND SETTLEMENT PROGRAM DATE: 19-FEB-2013 TIME: 10.32.34 I. INPUT DATA 1. TITLE - Section 8 Infinite Loading 2. BOUSSINESQ SOLUTION WILL BE USED TO COMPUTE INDUCED STRESSES. THE MAXIMUM DEPTH TO WHICH THE ANALYSIS WILL BE EXTENDED IS 70.00 FEET. 3. 2-DIMENSIONAL PRESSURE LOAD DATA NONE 4. 2-DIMENSIONAL SOIL LOAD DATA PROFILE NUMBER 1 :NUMBER OF POINTS= 2 BEGINNING TIME OF APPLICATION = 0.0000 YRS. ENDING TIME OF APPLICATION = 0.1000 YRS. EFFECTIVE UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL LOAD= 123.00 PCF POINT NO. X Y (FT.) (FT.) 1 -9999.00 913.00 2 9999.00 913.00 5. 3-DIMENSIONAL RECTANGULAR LOAD DATA NONE 6. 3-DIMENSIONAL IRREGULAR LOAD DATA NONE 7. EXCAVATION DATA NONE 8. SOIL DATA STRATA EL. OF TOP DRAINAGE EFF UNIT RECOMPR. COEF.OF POISSON'S NO. OF STRATUM CONDITION WEIGHT INDEX CONSOL. RATIO (FEET NGVD) (PCF) (SQFT/YR) 1 893.00 S 120.00 0.03400 1.00000 0.32000 2 888.00 S 115.00 0.05100 1.00000 0.32000 3 883.00 S 52.60 0.05100 1.00000 0.32000 4 880.00 S 45.60 0.15400 1.00000 0.32000 5 874.00 S 43.60 0.14100 1.00000 0.32000 6 840.00 S 47.60 0.11300 1.00000 0.32000 9. STRESS-STRAIN DATA STRATUM NO. 1 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.24000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.03400 INSITU VOID RATIO= 0.84000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 1140.00 PSF
Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management
Design Documentation Report Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure
Attachment D2-5. Settlement and Rebound Analysis
Page 5 of 17
STRATUM NO. 2 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.22000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.05100 INSITU VOID RATIO= 0.79000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 3195.00 PSF STRATUM NO. 3 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.22000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.05100 INSITU VOID RATIO= 0.79000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 4514.00 PSF STRATUM NO. 4 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.60000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.15400 INSITU VOID RATIO= 1.41000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 6172.30 PSF STRATUM NO. 5 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.77000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.14100 INSITU VOID RATIO= 1.47000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 7277.60 PSF STRATUM NO. 6 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.75000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.11300 INSITU VOID RATIO= 1.36000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 7423.70 PSF 10. TIME SEQUENCE FOR CONSOLIDATION CALCULATIONS TIME RATE OF CONSOLIDATION CALCULATIONS WILL BE MADE AT TIMES (YRS): 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00 11. OUTPUT CONTROL DATA XXL= 0.0000 FT. XUL= 0.0000 FT. DELX= 1.0000 FT. . 1 PROGRAM CSETT - VERTICAL STRESS INDUCTION AND SETTLEMENT PROGRAM DATE: 19-FEB-2013 TIME: 10.32.34 II. OUTPUT SUMMARY. 1. Section 8 Infinite Loading POSITION: X= 0.0 *********************
Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management
Design Documentation Report Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure
Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management
Design Documentation Report Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure
Attachment D2-5. Settlement and Rebound Analysis
Page 7 of 17
PROGRAM CSETT - VERTICAL STRESS INDUCTION AND SETTLEMENT PROGRAM DATE: 19-FEB-2013 TIME: 10.43.42 I. INPUT DATA 1. TITLE - Section 8 Finite Loading 2. BOUSSINESQ SOLUTION WILL BE USED TO COMPUTE INDUCED STRESSES. THE MAXIMUM DEPTH TO WHICH THE ANALYSIS WILL BE EXTENDED IS 70.00 FEET. 3. 2-DIMENSIONAL PRESSURE LOAD DATA NONE 4. 2-DIMENSIONAL SOIL LOAD DATA PROFILE NUMBER 1 :NUMBER OF POINTS= 6 BEGINNING TIME OF APPLICATION = 0.0000 YRS. ENDING TIME OF APPLICATION = 0.1000 YRS. EFFECTIVE UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL LOAD= 123.00 PCF POINT NO. X Y (FT.) (FT.) 1 -9999.00 893.00 2 -165.00 893.00 3 -18.00 913.00 4 18.00 913.00 5 165.00 893.00 6 9999.00 893.00 5. 3-DIMENSIONAL RECTANGULAR LOAD DATA NONE 6. 3-DIMENSIONAL IRREGULAR LOAD DATA NONE 7. EXCAVATION DATA NONE 8. SOIL DATA STRATA EL. OF TOP DRAINAGE EFF UNIT RECOMPR. COEF.OF POISSON'S NO. OF STRATUM CONDITION WEIGHT INDEX CONSOL. RATIO (FEET NGVD) (PCF) (SQFT/YR) 1 893.00 S 120.00 0.03400 1.00000 0.32000 2 888.00 S 115.00 0.05100 1.00000 0.32000 3 883.00 S 52.60 0.05100 1.00000 0.32000 4 880.00 S 45.60 0.15400 1.00000 0.32000 5 874.00 S 43.60 0.14100 1.00000 0.32000 6 840.00 S 47.60 0.11300 1.00000 0.32000
Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management
Design Documentation Report Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure
Attachment D2-5. Settlement and Rebound Analysis
Page 8 of 17
9. STRESS-STRAIN DATA STRATUM NO. 1 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.24000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.03400 INSITU VOID RATIO= 0.84000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 1140.00 PSF STRATUM NO. 2 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.22000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.05100 INSITU VOID RATIO= 0.79000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 3195.00 PSF STRATUM NO. 3 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.22000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.05100 INSITU VOID RATIO= 0.79000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 4514.00 PSF STRATUM NO. 4 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.60000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.15400 INSITU VOID RATIO= 1.41000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 6172.30 PSF STRATUM NO. 5 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.77000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.14100 INSITU VOID RATIO= 1.47000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 7277.60 PSF STRATUM NO. 6 -------------- COMPRESSION INDEX= 0.75000 RECOMPRESSION INDEX= 0.11300 INSITU VOID RATIO= 1.36000 INSITU OVERBURDEN= 7423.70 PSF 10. TIME SEQUENCE FOR CONSOLIDATION CALCULATIONS TIME RATE OF CONSOLIDATION CALCULATIONS WILL BE MADE AT TIMES (YRS): 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00 11. OUTPUT CONTROL DATA XXL= 0.0000 FT. XUL= 0.0000 FT. DELX= 1.0000 FT.
Fargo Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management
Design Documentation Report Lower Rush River Inlet/Drop Structure