Engine Engine Constructi Constructi on on Stationary Stationary Parts Parts 2 s/c 2 s/c Slow Speed Slow Speed BEDPLATE LUBE OIL SUMP A FRAME CYLINDER BLOCK JACKET WATER CYLINDER LINER CYLINDER HEAD INTAKE PORTS CRANK CASE INTAKE MAINIFOLD EXHAUST MAINIFOLD EXHAUST VALVE FUEL INJECTOR
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Engine Construction Stationary Parts 2 s/c Slow Speed BEDPLATE LUBE OIL SUMP A FRAME CYLINDER BLOCK JACKET WATER CYLINDER LINER CYLINDER HEAD INTAKE PORTS.
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Engine Engine ConstructionConstruction
Stationary Stationary PartsParts
2 s/c2 s/cSlow SpeedSlow Speed
BEDPLATE
LUBE OIL SUMP
A FRAME
CYLINDER BLOCK
JACKET WATER
CYLINDER LINER
CYLINDER HEAD
INTAKE PORTSCRANK
CASE
INTAKE MAINIFOLD
EXHAUST MAINIFOLD
EXHAUST VALVE
FUEL INJECTOR
CRANK CASE
WEB
CRANK SHAFT
CRANK SHAFT BEARING
CRANK PIN
CROSS HEAD
CROSS HEAD GUIDES
CONNECTING ROD
PISTON ROD
PISTON
TURBO-CHARGER
INTER-COOLER
Engine Engine ConstructionConstruction
Moving Moving PartsParts
2 s/c2 s/cSlow SpeedSlow Speed
VALVE VALVE ACTIONACTION ROCKER
ARM
PUSH ROD
CAM SHAFT
CAM
OTHER OTHER CAMSCAMS
FUEL CAM
FUEL PUMP
FUELFUELPUMPPUMPACTIONACTION
FUEL CAM ENGAGES
INJECTION BEGINS
INJECTION ENDS
MAX CAM LIFT
Effective StrokeCam Lift
FUEL SUPPLY
FUEL RETURN
FUELFUELPUMPPUMPACTIONACTION
FUEL CAM ENGAGES
INJECTION BEGINSCam Lift
FUEL SUPPLY
FUEL RETURN
Effective StrokeTo affect engine power and/or speed
Vary effective stroke
More/less fuel to cylinder during power stroke
To affect To affect engine power engine power and/or speed– and/or speed– vary effective vary effective strokestroke
ROTATE plunger Injections begins as
before ,,, but ends earlier Less fuel per power
stroke Power/speed is
reducedINJECTION BEGINS
FUEL CAM ENGAGES
Effective Stroke
FUEL DELIVERED per PWR STROKE
The are many fuel injection The are many fuel injection arrangements…arrangements…
Fuel pumps may be mounted on injector Fuel pumps may be mounted on injector (unit injectors) and activated via a rocker (unit injectors) and activated via a rocker arm from above—or an “overhead cam”arm from above—or an “overhead cam”Fuel pumps may be activated electrically, Fuel pumps may be activated electrically, timed with a microprocessor (no fuel camtimed with a microprocessor (no fuel cam—electronic injection)—electronic injection)Fuel may be delivered a constant high Fuel may be delivered a constant high pressure to injectors and the injector pressure to injectors and the injector activated mechanically or electronically at activated mechanically or electronically at precisely the right momentprecisely the right moment
… … but ALL fuel injection systems but ALL fuel injection systems must satisfy the following must satisfy the following
requirementsrequirements
Accurate Accurate METERINGMETERING
Proper Proper TIMINGTIMING
Suitable Suitable INJECTION RATEINJECTION RATE
Clean Clean CUT-OFFCUT-OFF
Adequate Adequate ATOMIZATIONATOMIZATION
Sufficient Sufficient PENETRATIONPENETRATION
FUEL SYSTEMFUEL SYSTEM (Slow Speed Diesel Propulsion(Slow Speed Diesel Propulsion
Diesels are not self-starting…Diesels are not self-starting…
Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are started via a started via a MOTORMOTOR engaged to a engaged to a flywheelflywheel
M
FLYWHEEL
e.g., ELECTRIC MOTOR START
BATTERY
Start switch
Diesels are not self-starting…Diesels are not self-starting…
Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are started via a started via a MOTORMOTOR engaged to a engaged to a flywheelflywheel
M
or AIR MOTOR START
Start valve
STARTING AIR COMPRESSOR
AIR RECEIVER≈ 120 psi
Diesels are not self-starting…Diesels are not self-starting…
Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are started via a started via a MOTORMOTOR engaged to a engaged to a flywheelflywheel
M
or HYDRAULIC MOTOR START
Start valve
ACCUMULATORS≈ 3000 psi
RESERVOIR
Larger Medium Speed & Slow Speed engines are DIRECT AIR START
STARTINGAIR RECEIVER300-500 psi
SACSAC
STARTING AIR VALVE
PILOT VALVES
To other cylinders
STARTING AIR admitted during POWER STROKE until engine fires
STARTING AIR may be used to brake engine once fuel is cut off