Energy Systems and Muscle Fibre Types. In groups of 2 answer the following… Why do we eat? Why do we eat? Answer- Nutrients and Energy needed for daily.

Energy Systems and Energy Systems and Muscle Fibre TypesMuscle Fibre Types

In groups of 2 answer In groups of 2 answer the following…the following… Why do we eat?Why do we eat? Answer- Nutrients and Energy Answer- Nutrients and Energy

needed for daily activities/bodily needed for daily activities/bodily functionsfunctions

Cont…Cont…

What Foods provide us with What Foods provide us with Energy?Energy?

Answer – The foods that yield Answer – The foods that yield Energy are known as Energy Energy are known as Energy Yielding foods and can be Yielding foods and can be classified as Carbohydrates classified as Carbohydrates (CHO’s), Fats, and proteins(CHO’s), Fats, and proteins

Cont…Cont…

How does the body convert these foods How does the body convert these foods into Energy?into Energy?

Answer- Bioenergetic Conversion, Foods Answer- Bioenergetic Conversion, Foods are broken down into their smallest are broken down into their smallest units (units (glucoseglucose, fatty acids, and amino , fatty acids, and amino acids). These Units are then eventually acids). These Units are then eventually converted into a high energy storing converted into a high energy storing molecule called ATP, which in turn can molecule called ATP, which in turn can be broken down by the body’s cells be broken down by the body’s cells releasing energy!releasing energy!

Exercise MetabolismExercise Metabolism

ATP --- ADP + Pi + EnergyATP --- ADP + Pi + Energy

Energy SystemsEnergy Systems

The body produces Energy aerobically The body produces Energy aerobically or Anaerobically through one of it’s or Anaerobically through one of it’s three metabolic pathways.three metabolic pathways.

The body prefers to satisfy it’s energy The body prefers to satisfy it’s energy (work) requirements through aerobic (work) requirements through aerobic methods (with oxygen)…..eg walkingmethods (with oxygen)…..eg walking

However, as the intensity of However, as the intensity of work/activity increases the body will work/activity increases the body will recruit other pathways to help produce recruit other pathways to help produce the needed Energy.the needed Energy.

ATPATP

Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Triphosphate Captures the chemical energy resulting from Captures the chemical energy resulting from

the breakdown of food and stores it in the the breakdown of food and stores it in the high energy phosphate bonds.high energy phosphate bonds.

See O.H. (ATP)See O.H. (ATP)

Anaerobic Energy Anaerobic Energy SystemsSystems

Aerobic Energy SystemAerobic Energy System

Spinning Lab ActivitySpinning Lab Activity

See H.O.See H.O.

Three Energy Three Energy PathwaysPathways Anaerobic Alactic (ATP-PC)Anaerobic Alactic (ATP-PC) Anaerobic Lactic (anerobic Anaerobic Lactic (anerobic

glycolysis, (incomplete))glycolysis, (incomplete)) Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration

(aerobic/complete glycolysis)(aerobic/complete glycolysis)

Anaerobic Alactic (ATP Anaerobic Alactic (ATP – CP) System– CP) System Simplest of the energy systems.Simplest of the energy systems. Creatine Kinase (enzyme) helps break Creatine Kinase (enzyme) helps break

up Creatine Phosphate in the muscle up Creatine Phosphate in the muscle into Cr + Pi + Energy (this energy will into Cr + Pi + Energy (this energy will be used to bind Pi + ADP, can not be be used to bind Pi + ADP, can not be used for cellular work)used for cellular work)

CP is in limited supply within the CP is in limited supply within the muscle, thus this system supplies a muscle, thus this system supplies a large amount of energy but CP levels large amount of energy but CP levels decline rapidly as it is used up as the decline rapidly as it is used up as the system replenishes ATP stores.system replenishes ATP stores.

ATP-CP system only lasts 3-10sec ATP-CP system only lasts 3-10sec during an all out sprint.during an all out sprint.

Anaerobic Lactic Anaerobic Lactic SystemSystem Production of ATP through the Production of ATP through the

breakdown (Lysis) of glucose via breakdown (Lysis) of glucose via special glycolytic enzymes called special glycolytic enzymes called glycolysis.glycolysis.

Before either glucose or glycogen Before either glucose or glycogen can be used to generate energy, can be used to generate energy, they must be converted to G-6-P they must be converted to G-6-P (glucose 6 phosphate).(glucose 6 phosphate).

This process requires 1 molecule of This process requires 1 molecule of ATP for glucose, but not for ATP for glucose, but not for glycogen.glycogen.

Anaerobic Lactic Anaerobic Lactic SystemSystem Glycolysis begins once G-6-P is formed Glycolysis begins once G-6-P is formed

and ultimately produces pyruvic acid.and ultimately produces pyruvic acid. This process does not require oxygen This process does not require oxygen

but oxygen determines the fate of but oxygen determines the fate of pyruvic acid (discuss later)pyruvic acid (discuss later)

When oxygen is not present pyruvic When oxygen is not present pyruvic acid becomes lactic acid.acid becomes lactic acid.

This system is much more complex This system is much more complex than the ATP-CP system, but can than the ATP-CP system, but can provided energy for up to 2-3 minutes provided energy for up to 2-3 minutes during intense activity.during intense activity.

Anaerobic Lactic Anaerobic Lactic SystemSystem The limitation of this system is The limitation of this system is

the build up of lactic acid, which the build up of lactic acid, which inhibits further glycogen inhibits further glycogen breakdown, because it impairs breakdown, because it impairs glycolytic enzyme function.glycolytic enzyme function.

Anaerobic Lactic Anaerobic Lactic SystemSystem THE CORI CYCLE:THE CORI CYCLE:

- Process by which - Process by which lactic acid is lactic acid is transported to the transported to the liver and converted liver and converted back to pyruvate back to pyruvate and eventually back and eventually back to glycogen.to glycogen.

- The cori cycle - The cori cycle takes place between takes place between skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle and the the liver. liver.

Aerobic Alactic SystemAerobic Alactic System

This oxidative production of ATP This oxidative production of ATP occurs within the mitochondria.occurs within the mitochondria.

Unlike anaerobic ATP production the Unlike anaerobic ATP production the oxidative system has a tremendous oxidative system has a tremendous energy yield.energy yield.

Yields about 36 ATP per molecule of Yields about 36 ATP per molecule of glucose.glucose.

Oxidative process involves 3 stages:Oxidative process involves 3 stages:- Glycolysis,- Glycolysis,- Krebs Cycle,- Krebs Cycle,- Electron Transport Chain - Electron Transport Chain

Aerobic Alactic SystemAerobic Alactic System

GLYCOLYSIS:GLYCOLYSIS:

- Breakdown glucose or - Breakdown glucose or glycogen glycogen into pyruvic acid.into pyruvic acid.

- In the presence of oxygen, - In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic pyruvic acid is converted into a acid is converted into a compound compound called acetyl CoA, called acetyl CoA, which enters the which enters the Krebs Cycle.Krebs Cycle.

- 2 ATP produced- 2 ATP produced

Aerobic Alactic SystemAerobic Alactic System

THE KREBS CYCLE (Citric Acid THE KREBS CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle):Cycle):

- Is complex series of - Is complex series of chemical chemical reactions that reactions that produces CO2, ATP, produces CO2, ATP, and and hydrogen ions.hydrogen ions.

- 2 ATP are produced per - 2 ATP are produced per glucose glucose molecule.molecule.

Aerobic Alactic SystemAerobic Alactic System

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:

- Large amounts of ATP are - Large amounts of ATP are produced with CO2 and water produced with CO2 and water

as as the by-products.the by-products.

- Total of 32 ATP are - Total of 32 ATP are produced.produced.

Aerobic System Cont…Aerobic System Cont…

What are the limitations of the What are the limitations of the aerobic system?aerobic system?

Fuel source (Fuel source (CHOCHO, Fat, Protein) , Fat, Protein) and Oxygen must be available! and Oxygen must be available!

The rate of ATP utilization must The rate of ATP utilization must be slow enough to allow aerobic be slow enough to allow aerobic system to keep pace otherwize system to keep pace otherwize body will turn to other systems to body will turn to other systems to generate ATPgenerate ATP

Healthy Heart and Healthy Heart and Lungs!Lungs! How might a healthy circulatory How might a healthy circulatory

system benefit you during a system benefit you during a sporting event?sporting event?

OROR

How might an unhealthy How might an unhealthy circulatory system hinder circulatory system hinder someone during activity?someone during activity?

Healthy Heart and Healthy Heart and Lungs!Lungs! If the heart and lungs can not effectively If the heart and lungs can not effectively

pump enough oxygen to the tissues, then pump enough oxygen to the tissues, then the system will shift to anaerobic the system will shift to anaerobic pathways!pathways!

Training effect!...ability to do more work Training effect!...ability to do more work (i.e. use ATP with the same effort)(i.e. use ATP with the same effort)

Individuals with healthy hearts and lungs Individuals with healthy hearts and lungs can deliver more oxygen to their tissues can deliver more oxygen to their tissues and remain aerobic longer or at higher and remain aerobic longer or at higher intensities!intensities!