ENERGY PRESENTATION

BY: ÁLVARO CABEZAS

CRISTINA PUERTA

SERGIO SARDIÑA

Types of energy

Nowadays the energy we use comes from power plants like:

Nuclear power Stream power Hydroelectric Wind Solar

Plant plant power station farm farm

Kinetic energy

• Kinetic energy is a type of energy that is created when:

an object moves like a car.

Also wind turbines make it when wind moves the turbine and the engine moves, produces

energy.

Gravitational potential energy

• This type of energy depends on how high the object is, like when a ball falls from a

table. That movement is this energy.

when this skydivers

jump from the airplane

they make this energy.

Chemical energy

This type of energy is produced by an object and when we change the structure, its energy

is released in form of thermal energy. This is the first step for producing electricity due of

burning fuels.

This example of

a space-shuttle

works when the

fuel burns. Its

fuel is made of

chemical agents

Electric energy

• It is the final product of power plants, the energy we use in the car and circuit of the

workshop and in car and mobile batteries.

It can also be used in electrical appliances such us light bulbs.

Also, we can find

electrical energy in

nature such us in

lightnings. Its

energy can act as

a battery.

Light energy

• This energy can be produced by an electric current to light up a light bulb or produced

by the nature. The sun produces it and in solar panels, is collected and can be thermal

energy or electrical.

The nature can also produce

this energy with the sun, the

best light source and ecologic

that has existed

Sound energy

• Sound is also a type of energy that can break a glass or damage our eardrums if it is very

loud or highly pitched. Sound can transport energy through vibrations in the

enviroment.

Sound energy can be shown

in a sound level meter that

measures its volume and

intensity.

Renewable and non-renewable energy sources

• Primary energy sources are found in nature such us the sun, wind, coal, petroleum, gas,

waves, heat of earth, tides, firewood, uranium.

• Secondary energy sources aren´t found in nature and are produced by technological

processes from primary sources such us gasoline, hydrogen and electricity.

They are also divided in renewable and non-renewable

Renewable: Sun, wind, waves, tides, biomass, water, earth heat.

Non-renewable: uranium, coal, gas, and petroleum.

Advantages and disadvantages

• Renewable energy sources they can be re-used and

never runs out which is good

because it will last forever

it depends on weather

and does not produce the

sufficient energy for a good

supply

• Non-renewable energy sources

Depending on where they create CO2,

they are produced, that makes the

they are cheaper and greenhouse effect

easy to obtain. and makes

pollution.

Non-Renewable energy sources• What are they?

Natural sources found in nature

• Examples:

Coal Petroleum Gas

Fossil fuels

made up of

carbon

• Uses of fossil fuels

electric energy

-Coal: cement

paper

petrol

plastics Petroleum

Paint

Extraction of petroleum

in the sea

EXTRACTION OF

PETROLEUM IN LAND

propane

-Gas domestic Extraction of

butane use gas

• Nuclear energy

What is it?

Energy nucleus of atoms

Make electricity

In two ways

fusion fission

NUCLEAR FUSION

Atoms combine

fused together

NUCLEAR FISSION

Atoms split

in

Transformation of thermal energy into mechanicalHeat can transform into movement

Examples machines for trains

-Steam engine: steam working fluid

-Internal combustion engine: combustion of oxidizer combustion

fuel chamber

-Steam turbine: extracts

termal energy pressurized steam rotating

mechanical work

in

from

internal combustion engine Steam turbine

-Gas engine internal combustion

runs on a gas fuel

Renewable energy sources are the ones which:

-When the energy source cant run out

-When they do not pollute the enviroment

-Has to be produced by natural resources

-Examples: water, wind, solar energy.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

SOLAR ENERGY

• It is the energy source that we most use in the world.

• It is produced by taking the sunlight and transforming it into electricity.

• For taking the energy we use solar panels that have solar cells that absorb energy.

• They can be installed in your house for heating water and for electricity or they can be organised in solar farms.

Solar farm

WIND ENERGY

• Wind energy is the one we obtain by the movement of turbines produced by wind.

• The wind moves the blades which activate a system of engines that create a rotation in thegenerator so that it can charge for having electricity.

• A group of this machines is called a wind farm

WATER ENERGY

• Water is stored in a reservoir

• Only a little amount of water passes to theother side of the dam.

• The current of this passage of water moves theturbine

• The turbine activates the generator whichcreates energy.

WAVES ENERGY

• In this process we obtain the electricitywhen:

• The waves enter into a capture chamber.

• Air is compressed inside the chamber

• The air flow starts to move the turbine which is connected to the generator

• The generator finally creates electricity

TIDES ENERGY

• A tide is a movement of the water producedby the atraction of the water to the moon.

• For getting electricity from tides,

• The turbines move when the tides goes up and down.

• The faster the tide, the more the turbines move, themore energy we get.

• This makes the turbine move.

• Finally the generator stores the electricity.

BIOMASS ENERGY• We can take electricity by the biomass,

• -Examples of biomass are:

• Wood from the forest, wastes, animal and agricultural wastes…..

• A way of obtaining the enrgy is bycombustion,

• We have tu burn the biomass so that itproduces steam.

• The steam turns the turbine and thenthe elctricity is produced.

EARTH HEAT ENERGY

• This process is usually used in towns forheating them

• The first thing we do is pump the waterdown to the interior of the earth by a tubo

• The interior of the earth is very hot and makes the cold water transform into hotwater

• Then te steam of hot water goes up and activates the generator which produces theelctricity

THERMAL POWER PLANTS

• First the coal is burnt in a furnance of steam boiler.

• The pressure of the steam is increased in the boiler.

• This steam is then passes to the super heater, where it is heaten.

• Then this heated steam goes into a turbine at high speed.

• The steam force rotates the turbine and so it charges the generator.

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS• The dam stops the flow of a river and stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir.

• At the bottom of the dam wall there is the water intake in a hole.

• Gravity causes it to fall through the tube inside the dam.

• At the end of the tube there is a turbine, which is turned by the movement of water.

• The shaft from the turbine goes up into the generator, which produces the power that then goes to the cables for going to houses.

• Then the water passes to the other side of the dam and continues its flow

NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

• In a nuclear power station the uranium is first formed into pellets and then into long rods.

• The uranium rods are kept cool by putting them in water.

• When they are taken out from the water a nuclear reaction takes place causing heat.

• The amount of heat required is controlled by raising and lowering the rods.

• If more heat is required the rods are raised more out of the water and if less is needed they lower they put into it.

• Transmission: The electricity is transmitted by the grids somecables that are called grids, they are transported to a city, townor village.

Energy and the enviroment

Our electrical system nowadays is made up of non-renewable energy

souces like coal and nuclear energy.

The reserves are very scarce and when we use them, they pollute the air

and enviroment.

Energy saving

• This is not only using less energy because we don´t need it, but

also not turning on electrical appliances we dont use. Appart of

saving money, we make less pollution.

Eficiency

• This is using as an example a low consume light bulb for

the same use as a normal one, wich produces the same

light with 75% energy than a normal one.

Impact and deficiencies of the current electrical

system

• As our energy system nowadays is of non-renewable,it damages

a lot the enviroment with the nuclear pollution, the CO2 pollution,

etc.

• So we cannot provide a energy source for the future

bybliography

http://www.technologystudent.com/energy1/nuclear1.htm

http://www.marineturbines.com/Tidal-Energy

http://epa.gov/climatestudents/solutions/technologies/water.html

http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-

energy/how-geothermal-energy-works.html#.VOj_Z9iHNL9

http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-

energy/how-biomass-energy-works.html#.VOj_mNiHNL8

http://www.wikipedia.org