FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS AND ENERGY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY ENERGY ECONOMICS AND ENERGY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
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F R A U N H O F E R I N S T I T U T E F O R E N E R G Y E C O N O M I C S A N D E N E R G Y S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y
ENERGY ECONOMICS AND ENERGY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGIES AND
BUSINESS MODELS FOR
THE ENERGY TRANSITION
The institute’s name has changed, but its goals have remained
the same. Since the beginning of 2018, we are now named the
»Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System
Technology IEE«, exploring new technologies and business
models for the success of the energy transition in Germany and
international energy system transformations.
Since it was established in 2009, both divisions of the former
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Tech-
nology IWES have grown significantly and have successfully
developed largely independent profiles as part of their strategic
alignment. The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft has therefore took the
decision to continue the branches of the institute as indepen-
dent institutes as of January 2018.
Fraunhofer IWES Northwest, headquartered in Bremerhaven,
will continue to operate under the slightly modified name
»Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES«. It has
established itself as an institute for the validating wind turbine
technology and related services.
In Kassel we have become the new »Fraunhofer IEE«, a name
which embodies our two established business areas energy
economics and energy system technology.
We continue to explore solutions to technical and economic
challenges in the transformation of energy systems in order to
further reduce the costs of using renewable energy, to secure
the supplies despite volatile generation, to ensure grid stability
at the usual high level and to make the energy transition a
successful business model.
The basis for successful contract research in our business areas
is provided by our areas of expertise: energy economics and
system design, energy meteorology and renewable resources,
energy informatics, energy process engineering, electrical grids
as well as device and system technology.
In the future, we intend to focus more strongly on the system
coupling of electricity, heat, gas and mobility. This enables the
necessary increase in flexibility between energy generation and
energy demand in a system with strongly volatile components.
Being system experts, we therefore created two years ago a
new area of expertise »energy process engineering« and are
now expanding our expertise in the area of buildings, quarters,
heating and cooling.
We thank all our partners and sponsors for their trust and sup-
port. We look forward to continuing our existing partnerships
and to establishing new scientific and business relationships.
Get in touch with us.
Clemens Hoffmann
Executive Director
PREFACE
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RETHINKING SUPPLY STRUCTURES
A future vision of renewable energy supply
BUSINESS UNIT ENERGY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
Grid planning and operationPower electronics and device technologyHardware-in-the-loop systemsDecentralized energy managementPlant engineeringMeasuring and testing
TEST CENTERS
Smart gridsElectromobility and drive technologyModular supply technologyHessian Biogas Research Center
BUSINESS UNIT ENERGY ECONOMICS
Analyses and consultancy in energy economicsEnergy meteorology information systemsVirtual power plantsWind resource assessment with LiDARTraining and knowledge transfer
AREAS OF EXPERTISE
Energy economics and system designEnergy meteorology and renewable resources
Energy informaticsEnergy process engineering
Electrical gridsDevice and system technology
PERSONNEL AND FINANCE
Stability and growth
INVESTMENT INTO THE FUTURE
New Fraunhofer building in Kassel
Funding, history, board of trusteescooperation, Fraunhofer,
points of contact, imprint, photo acknowledgements
CONTENTS
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ENERGIEWENDE AS A BUSINESS MODEL
Kassel Symposium discusses key questions concerning the transformation of the energy sector
HIGHLIGHTS FROM 30 YEARS
Research on the transformation of energy supply systems
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RETHINKING SUPPLY STRUCTURES
Synchronising fluctuating energy genera-tion with energy consumption dynamics
Weather-related fluctuations in energy generation using wind
turbines and photovoltaic systems require a many times higher
total installed capacity compared to that of power plants
currently used for electricity supply. It would make sense to
increasingly integrate the other so-far non-electric sectors, in
particular heating and cooling, mobility as well as industrial and
chemical processes, into the electric sector. Only then can the
fluctuating generation pattern of renewable energy sources be
synchronized with the consumption dynamics.
The national and international expansion and the enhanced
cooperation between the transmission grid and distribution
grid levels increase the flexibility and make it possible to level
out differences between regions and countries. Short-term
power peaks and shortages in the range of few hours can be
counterbalanced by chemical battery storage systems, which
are highly efficient, but also involve high costs. Longer periods
of time and higher amounts of energy can only be supplied
economically using European hydropower with natural inflow,
pumped-storage power stations and by converting electricity
into chemical energy charriers using for instance power-to-gas.
Balancing power plants are additionally needed to be able to
secure the supply at all times. However, the operating times
and costs of operation of such power plants will only account
for a small percentage compared to those of the overall system.
can be enhanced. The establishment of small associations
through local heating networks and thermal energy storage
systems on a housing estate level can offer further optimization
potential.
The main obstacle to introducing such technology is the exten-
sive structural changes required in some cases. For this reason,
this will be a slow but steady conversion process.
Electricity for mobil ity
The vehicles of the future can be classified by the remaining
combustion engine portion of the vehicles, ranging from »mild
hybridization« to fully electric vehicles. The selection of the type
of vehicle depends on the personal driving profile. However,
»hybridization« is also possible outside the vehicle platform.
As well as electric vehicles being used for short distances, long
distances, such as holiday trips and removals, can be covered by
hiring vehicles fitted with combustion engines.
In addition, the more battery technology develops to a higher
mass-specific capacity level, the more the focus will be shifted
from hybridization towards purely electric vehicles.
As a rule, electrification should be maximized for reasons of
efficiency. However, the multifaceted issue of mobility sets
complex boundary conditions, entailing a broad range of
solutions. In this context, the fuel cell also deserves mention,
which is able to replace the remaining internal combustion
engines. Furthermore, the fuel cell itself also has technological
development potential.
Efficiency through sector coupling
The increasing electrification of all consumption sectors also
opens up considerable efficiency potential. Measured by the
primary energy input, electric vehicles and heat pumps, for
example, are at least three times as efficient as the conven-
tional technologies. The replacement of oil and petrol is a
multistage process.
In the field of heat generation, the low-temperature processes
of space heating can be fully replaced in the next few decades.
Likewise, it will be possible to quickly electrify about half of all
traffic.
The replacement of fuels used in high-temperature processes
as well as heavy-duty and air traffic is more difficult and will
take more time. Electric options are discernible here as well. An
alternative option is the synthetic and carbon-neutral produc-
tion of fuels using renewable energy. In the end, fossil fuels will
be replaced completely.
Heating with heat pumps
For reasons of efficiency, the heat pump technology offers
a future option for both space heating and cooling. Four
kilowatt-hours of heat can be generated by using one
kilowatt-hour of electric power. However, the lower initial tem-
perature level requires buildings to be equiped with thermally
insulation as well as large-scale wall, ceiling or floor heating. In
combination with thermal energy storage systems capable of
storing heat for several days, the flexibility of electricity supply
Chemical energy sources
Energy-related technology is being revised on a large scale. The
technology for converting electric power into chemical energy
sources in the order of hydrogen, methane, light alkanes and
other syntheses should be mentioned. This technology rep-
resents the last step in the large-scale conversion process that is
currently being observed.
Digitization
The rapidly progressing digitization and automation process
of the energy supply will pave the way for a strongly decen-
tralized and flexible supply structure. The interaction of energy
generation, marketing, transport, distribution and consumption
requires extensive and full digitization of the supply system.
In the future, established and well-described processes, such
as customer or supplier change processes as well as market
process communication, will coexist with new processes, such
as peer-to-peer trading and the definition and exploitation of
the properties of energy generated or consumed.
Regulatory boundary conditions
At present, the development of boundary conditions for the
energy markets is even more important than the technological
processes, all of which are well under way. Most technologies
are ready to be launched on the market. Since they all aim to
reduce the CO2 emissions in the energy sector, appropriate in-
struments need to be developed to promote this market entry.
At present, there is no a l ternat ive to renewable energy sources to decarbonise the energy system. Wind turbines and photovolta ic systems offer h igh technical exploitat ion potent ia l and del iver e lectr ic i ty d i rect ly , eff ic ient ly and affordably. But how can the sectors of heat ing, cool ing, product ion, mobi l i ty and transport be suppl ied with carbon-neutra l energy?
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The energy economics business area encompasses products and serv ices support ing the planning and operat ion of power supply structures and their components.
We accompany the transformation process of energy supply systems by combining market and technology with software solut ions, information and data serv ices, concepts and business models as wel l as energy economics analyses and assessments.
ENERGY ECONOMICSGESCHÄFTSFELD
ANALYSES AND CONSULTANCY IN ENERGY ECONOMICS
F L E X I B I L I T Y
� Investment decisions for bioenergy and Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
� Load management in trade and industry
� Wind energy in the control reserve market
� Use cases for storage
D E C E N T R A L I Z E D E N E R G Y S U P P L Y
� Systems for energy consumption of buildings and real properties
� Sustainable energy concepts for cities and quarters
� Regional energy generation and supply
F U T U R E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M
� Future market design
� Analysis of interaction between the sectors of electricity, heat and transport
� Future technologies
� Scenarios and time series
I N T E R N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y T R A N S I T I O N
� CO2 savings in energy sectors
� Technical and economic potential of sustainable energy technology
� Modeling of energy system and power generation
� Paths towards transforming the energy system
BUSINESS UNIT BUSINESS UNIT
BUSINESS FIELDS: � Analyses and consultancy in energy economics
� Energy meteorology information systems
� Virtual power plants
� Wind resource assessment with LiDAR
� Training and knowledge transfer
D R . R E I N H A R D M A C K E N S E N
Director Energy Economics Division
www.iee.fraunhofer.de/economics [email protected]
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VIRTUAL POWER PLANTS
M O N I T O R I N G O F D E C E N T R A L I Z E D P L A N T S
� Monitoring of individual plants and farms
� Acquisition and storage of data points up to a resolution of one second
� Active monitoring of the communication link
C O N T R O L O F D E C E N T R A L I Z E D P L A N T S
� Set-point-setting for single power installations
� Scheduling for individual plants
� Schedule management, e.g. conversion of schedules into set-point parameters for each plant unit
� Control criteria in dependence of the portfolio’s operating point
� Calculation of portfolios’ schedules according to the selected energy management strategy
S U P P O R T O F U S E C A S E S
� Remote control and remote parameter-reading according to national law (German EEG)
� Provision of operating reserve with decentralized plant
� Provision of operating reserve with wind turbines
� Optimization of schedules
E N E R G Y M A N A G E M E N T
� Spot market, intraday and operating reserve optimization
� Consideration of restrictions for grid operation
� Loads and generators
� Cross-sectoral restrictions
IWES.vpp
GESCHÄFTSFELD
ENERGY METEOROLOGY INFORMATION SYSTEMS
IWES.vpp
BUSINESS FIELDBUSINESS FIELD
P O W E R F R O M W I N D , S O L A R , B I O M A S S A N D H Y D R O P O W E R
� Forecast and extrapolation, current and expected generation (minutes, days, week)
� Individual plants, plant portfolios as well as grid regions (grid connection points, transformer stations/transformers, supply regions), countries
� Actual and possible generation as well as grid feed-in with feed-in management, energy consumption, storage and market influences, etc.
C O N S U M P T I O N O F E L E C T R I C I T Y, H E A T / C O L D A N D W A T E R
� Forecast, current and expected consumption (minutes, days, week)
� Households, small to large industrial businesses and supply grids (grid connection points, grid nodes, supply regions)
� User behaviour modeling using information of available sensors (e.g. Smart Meter, Smart Home, SCADA, etc.)
P O W E R F L O W S
� Integration of generation and consumption forecasts into grid status calculations
� Forecast of horizontal and vertical power flows (minutes, days, week)
� Individual forecasts for transformers, transformer stations and coupling points
� Detailed mapping and aggregation of the generation and consumption landscape
� Weather, grid, market, extreme situations, etc.
D Y N A M I C L I N E R A T I N G
� Identification of critical meteorological points (e.g. hot spots) on overhead lines
� Design and implementation of specifically adapted meteorological measuring stations in transformer stations and on transmission towers
� Current ampacity of individual circuits and the entire electricity grid
� Forecast of expected ampacity
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GESCHÄFTSFELD
TRAINING AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
T R A I N I N G
� National and international
� Demand- and costumer-oriented programs for skilled and managerial staff
� Project know-how for renewable resources, grid integration, energy storage, energy management
� Cooperation with external business and research experts
K N O W L E D G E T R A N S F E R
� Latest findings from research projects
� Expert dialogues
� Workshops
� Symposia
M A D E T O M E A S U R E S E M I N A R S
� Failure behaviour of wind turbines
� Wind resource assessment with LiDAR technology
� Grid stability in decentralized energy generation
� Simulation and emulation of lithium ion batteries
� Energy management and electricity procurement
O N L I N E S T U D Y P R O G R A M I N E N G L I S H
� M. Sc. Wind Energy Systems WES
� Cooperation with the University of Kassel
� Seven different certificate programs
� Work-and-study parallel
BUSINESS FIELD
GESCHÄFTSFELD
WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT WITH LIDAR
S I T E A S S E S S M E N T W I T H L I D A R S Y S T E M S
� Measurements with wind-profiling lidars to supplement or replace met masts
� Many reference projects in complex terrain sites
� Measurements at multiple heights up to 300 m
� Remote monitoring and reliable stand-alone electricity supply
R E S E A R C H P L A T F O R M : W I N D -S C A N N E R A N D 2 0 0 M E T E R M A S T
� Test and field measurements with lidars, met masts, ice sensors etc.
� Mobile long-range scanning lidars for measurements of the wind field at a range up to 8 km
� 200 m met mast with over 20 IEC-compliant, MEASNET-calibrated wind sensors
P O S T- C O N S T R U C T I O N P R O D U C T I O N A S S E S S M E N T O F W I N D F A R M S
� Performance assessment of wind farms based on lidar measurements, SCADA-data and CFD-Modeling
� Identification of improvement potential in the operation of wind turbines also in complex terrain
BUSINESS FIELD
O P T I M I Z E D W I N D M E A S U R E -M E N T S I N C O M P L E X T E R R A I N
� Development of individual measurement strategies for best results at lowest cost
� Use of high-resolution wind flow simulations to reduce the uncertainties of measurement campaigns
� Visualization and correction of LiDAR measure-ment errors to facilitate the selection of the optimum measurement location
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GRID PLANNING AND OPERATION
BUSINESS UNIT BUSINESS FIELD
BUSINESS FIELDS: � Grid planning and operation
� Power electronics and device technology
� Hardware-in-the-loop systems
� Decentralized energy management
� Plant engineering
� Measuring and testing
D R . P H I L I P P S T R A U S S
Director Energy System Technology DivisionDeputy Director IEE
[email protected]/technology
Energy system technology del ivers solut ions for effect ive ly us ing and expanding renewables, supply networks, storage systems and electromobi l i ty . A specia l ro le plays the re-des ign of the transmiss ion and distr ibut ion gr ids. The coupl ing of e lectr ic i ty , heat, gas and transportat ion enables the necessary increase in f lex ib i l i ty between energy generat ion and energy demand.
We develop the necessary structural and planning methods, operat ional strategies, equipment, system technology, control engineer ing and energy management systems. Our research fac i l i t ies a l low standardizat ion and c l ient-specif ic components and system tests .
ENERGY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
T O O L S A N D M O D E L S
� Automated grid planning with PandaPower Pro
� Pilot systems for grid operations management
� Co-simulation »OpSim as a Service«
� Grid calculation modules
� Plant and grid models
� Algorithms for grid optimization
� GIS- and weather data-based energy scenarios
� Energy meteorology information systems
T E S T S A N D M E A S U R E M E N T S
� Tests of grid operation management
� Tests of distributed automation systems
� Hardware-in-the-loop studies
� Grid connection of plants
� Power quality analysis
� System tests
C O N S U L T I N G
� Policy consulting
� Strategic consulting for businesses
� Training and knowledge transfer
� Grid code development
� Smart grid laboratory development
G R I D S T U D I E S
� Strategic network development
� Multi-sector grid planning
� Charging infrastructure for e-mobility
� Island- and microgrids
� Reactive and active power management
� Power system restoration
� Power system stability and interconnection
� Grid losses
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GESCHÄFTSFELD
HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SYSTEMS
B A T T E R Y S Y S T E M A N D C E L L S I M U L A T I O N
� Real-time capable simulation for the development, testing and optimization of battery systems
� Simulation and quantification of ageing processes (calendrical/cyclic)
� Simulation of currents, temperatures, charging and ageing conditions
W I N D T U R B I N E A N D W I N D F A R M S I M U L A T I O N
� Real-time capable simulation for the development, testing and optimization of wind turbine controllers
� Real-time capable virtual wind farms for the testing and optimization of wind farm controllers and operating strategies
P R O D U C T S A N D T O O L S F O R S Y S T E M D E V E L O P M E N T S
� Battery Simulation Studio (BaSiS): modular simulation system for electro- chemical energy storage systems
� WTsim and WPsim: real-time capable simulation of wind turbines and wind farms
� Model analysis and control tools for wind turbines
S Y S T E M A N A L Y S E S A N D S E R V I C E S
� Customer-specific model and tool development for batteries and wind turbines
� Model parameterization and validation
� Algorithm development for battery management systems
� Integration into hardware-in-the-loop systems
BUSINESS FIELD
GESCHÄFTSFELD
POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVE SYSTEMS
P O W E R C O N V E R T E R S
� High efficient components from a few Watts to MW class
� Numerous patented topologies
� PV inverters
� Bidirectional charging technologies
� Uninterruptible power supply
� Wireless power transfer systems
� Battery power converters
� Multilevel converters
E L E C T R I C M A C H I N E S A N D D R I V E S
� Construction and electromagnetic design of ring generators and ring motors
� Large drives
� Gearless high-power applications
� Maritime drive technologies
� Extended maintenance intervals due to distributed electrical design and control
� Extended lifetime due to axial oscillation control
� Laboratory tests, proof-of-concept
C O N V E R T E R C O N T R O L A N D E M B E D D E D S Y S T E M S
� Embedded control
� Control of electrical machines
� Parallel operation for grid building inverters in public and island grids
� Ancillary services and power quallity
� Patented control concepts (Selfsync)
� Rapid prototyping
D E V E L O P M E N T O F T E S T I N G A N D M E A S U R E M E N T T E C H N O L O G Y
� Semiconductor switching cells
� Calorimeter for power electronic components
� Power hardware-in-the-loop systems
� Testing technology for MPP tracking of PV systems – ISET MPP meter
� Photovoltaic irradiation sensors – ISET sensor
BUSINESS FIELD
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GESCHÄFTSFELD
PLANT ENGINEERING
D E M O N S T R A T I O N P L A N T S
� Development of plants from a technical scale to the operating scale
� Design, dimensioning, construction, delivery, and commissioning of plants as well as system integration on site
� Development and delivery of software for tech-nical plant operation and plant monitoring
� Scientific support
T E C H N O L O G Y D E V E L O P M E N T A N D T E S T I N G
� Provision of experiment and test centers, e.g. for biogas and PV systems
� Power-to-gas test platform with 50 kW electrolyzer
� Technology setup and integration
� Operation and testing of technology
T E C H N O - E C O N O M I C S T U D I E S
� Analysis of specific sites, technology, and plants
� Technological evaluation
� Cost finding, analysis, and evaluation of cost structure
� Comparison of technology and benchmarking
F E A S I B I L I T Y S T U D Y A N D S I T E A S S E S S M E N T
� Preliminary studies and detailed site evaluation including the clarification of various technical issues
� Concept design
� Clarification of the technical integration on site
� Technical feasibility study with cost evaluation
BUSINESS FIELD
DECENTRALIZED ENERGY MANAGEMENT
U S E R - O R I E N T E D E N E R G Y C O N C E P T S
� Measurement and visualization of energy in buildings, quarters and municipalities
� Smart meter rollout and control box
� Open-source platform for energy management
� Tools for energy data evaluation
S O C I A L E N E R G Y M A N A G E M E N T
� Real-time monitoring and optimization of energy consumption
� Personalized feedback on the consumption behaviour
� Energy community with other consumers
� Energy management applications in buildings
� Tariff and incentive systems for efficient energy consumption
E N E R G Y C O N S U L T I N G A N D D I G I T I Z A T I O N
� Investigations in self-consumption systems and sector coupling
� Monitoring solutions and tools for data-based energy consulting
� Design tools for the optimum layout of decentralized combined heat and power storage systems and charging infrastructures
C O N S U L T I N G , S Y S T E M D E S I G N A N D D E V E L O P M E N T
� Design and specification of energy management systems
� Demonstrators for energy management
� Tests of energy management applications in a virtual environment and in the laboratory
BUSINESS FIELD
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GESCHÄFTSFELD
GESCHÄFTSFELD
MEASURING AND TESTING SERVICES
L A B O R A T O R Y T E S T I N G
� Component tests (converters, internal combustion engines, smart grid operating equipment, drive engines)
� Grid connection tests, EMC tests
� System tests (hybrid systems, PV (storage) systems)
� Hardware-in-the-loop tests (power HIL, controller HIL)
� Calorimetric measurements, semiconductor switching cell
O N - S I T E M E A S U R E M E N T S
� Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
� Power quality measurements, synchronized distributed long-term measurements
� Performance analyses for generation plants
� Site-specific evaluation of PV systems and components
� Performance of generation plants in the event of grid faults (FRT)
L A B O R A T O R Y C O N S U L T I N G
� Specification of laboratory infrastructure, in particular for smart grid applications
� Specification and design of HVRT and LVRT testing equipment
� Development of recommendations for grid connection guidelines / grid codes
� Development of test methods and test procedures
S Y S T E M A N A L Y S E S A N D S I M U L A T I O N
� Performance analyses and optimizations
� System evaluation an optimization
� Demonstrators / proof-of-concepts for components and systems
� Grid emulations, simulations and model development
� Models for power generating units in accordance with the FGW Technical Guideline 4
BUSINESS FIELD
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TEST CENTERS
D E M O T E C – M O D U L A R S U P P L Y T E C H N O L O G Y
� Decentralized electricity generators, storage systems and loads
� Grid integration of converters
� Hybrid systems and island grids
� Energy management systems
www.iee . f raunhofer.de / labs
S Y S T E C – S M A R T G R I D S
� Testing of generation plants in accordance with different grid connection guidelines
� Testing of protection devices and distribution grid components
� Measurements of grid quality and analyses of performance
� Testing of hybrid systems
� Real-time distribution grid simulations to test control centers and the grid integration of plants
H B F Z – H E S S I A N B I O G A S R E S E A R C H C E N T E R
� Control and management systems for flexible electricity generation with biogas plants
� Improvement of biogas processing plants
� Power-to-gas with biogas plants
� Energy crops and their integration into sustainable agricultural crop rotation
� Identification and evaluation of value creation potential for agriculture
S Y S T E C – E L E C T R O M O B I L I T Y A N D D R I V E T E C H N O L O G Y
� Performance of electric vehicles in the grid
� Investigations during operation and field tests
� Energy management and grid integration
� Development and testing of charging infrastructure
� Investigations of the vehicle in combination with virtual batteries including during operation (chassis dynamometer, temperature chamber)
� Testing of electric drives
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Energy economics and system design
How do we move on from the technology for the energy transition to
market integration and an economical system design?
P R O F. D R . K U R T R O H R I G
Scientific Program DirectorDeputy Director IEE
[email protected]/competences
AREAS OF EXPERTISE
AREAS OF EXPERTISE AND CENTRAL RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Our areas of expert ise aggregate the sk i l l s necessary for providing excel lent serv ices and prod-ucts within our two business units , Energy Economics and Energy System Technology. They comprise the sk i l l s and exper ience of our staff , state-of-the-art equipment in our laborator ies and test ing environments, our great networking abi l i ty in the sc ient if ic community, as wel l as numerous patents and IPRs.
The strategic goals of our publ ica l ly funded projects are to reduce the costs of renewable ener-gy, ensure consistent energy supply despite of volat i l i t ies in energy product ion, ensure energy gr id stabi l i ty on a high level , and make the energy transformation an economic success story. Already at the stage of project development, we aim at reaching an agreement with our busi-ness partners on the reuse of research results in innovat ive business solut ions.
Electrical grids
How can we further develop electrical energy power supply systems to enable the
integration of the greatest possible share of renewable energy?
Energy process engineering
Which technology enables the efficient and economical coupling of thermal,
electrical and biochemical conversion stages?
Energy informatics
How can energy economics be supported to allow the energy system to run
smoothly when a large amount of power is generated decentrally?
Energy meteorology and renewable resources
What potential do renewables have and how can their spatial and chronological
behaviour be modeled and forecasted?
Device and system technology
How can the technical specifications of the energy system on devices and systems
be efficiently and inexpensively implemented and verified?
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THE KASSEL SYMPOSIUM DISCUSSES KEY QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE ENERGY TRANSITION
The Kassel Symposium was initiated by Fraunhofer IEE in 2015. The section offers a platform for experts discussing
key issues concerning the transformation of the energy sector (»Energiewende« in German). It facilitates a construc-
tive and structured exchange of views and opinions of experts from business, finance, politics, and science. Integral
elements of the symposium are:
� the »Energiewende Barometer«,
� expert discussions and presentations,
� the international perspective, and
� the structured summary.
The »Energiewende Barometer« is an instrument for measuring and assessing the progress that has been made in the
transformation of the energy sector with regard to various technical dimensions. The Barometer allows determining
the status quo regarding all energy system components. The results of this analysis are then put into perspective
against the calculated values of an energy supply scenario based on one-hundred percent renewable energy.
The four symposia that have taken place so far had the following focal topics:
� 2015: Energiewende as a business model,
� 2016: Legal framework | Renewable energy as an asset class
� 2017: Citizen involvement | Capital investments
� 2018: Energy-intensive industries | Carbon pricing
The expert presentations as well as the main outcomes from the expert discussions of each incarnation of the
symposium section are summarized in a report.
2015: Energiewende as a business model
Experts from the finance industry have confirmed the hypothesis of the Energiewende being a profitable, future-proof business
model. In order to successfully establish this business model, however, it is mandatory that laws and regulations are harmonized
across the EU. Furthermore, legal entities must be given the opportunity to take legal action if they see operating permits for
existing facilities being endangered by unilateral changes in legal provisions.
2016: Legal framework | Renewable energy as an asset class
Financial market regulation is yet another obstacle when it comes to establishing the Energiewende as a business model. Fund
managers would definitely double down on their investments in renewables if regulations allowed that these investments could
be assigned to an asset class of lower risk. While this demand can clearly be justified, the German Federal Ministry of Finance
took a different standpoint on that issue so far. The Federal Ministries for Economic Affairs and for Finance should reach an
agreement here in order to provide more incentives for investors.
2017: Citizen involvement | Capital investments
Involving citizens in the process of transforming the energy sector must not be limited to pure rhetoric. Instead, people need to
be made aware of the tangible financial benefit of the Energiewende. A lot of capital is waiting for being invested. However,
institutional investors may not necessarily engage in the German energy market, as they can find a lot of promising alternatives
for investments in renewable energy abroad.
2018: Energy-intensive industries | Carbon pricing
It has become apparent that another important player should enter the debate on the transformation on the energy sector: the
group of energy-intensive industries. German energy-intensive companies, which all operate on a global level, feel increasingly
threatened by the fact that their competitors in other countries benefit from low energy prices. The symposium could establish
a basic understanding of what the notion of »Energiewende as a business model« can mean to energy-intensive companies. All
debaters agreed that if the specific requirements of these industries are taken into account, German companies will massively
benefit from the transformation of the energy sector.
OVERVIEW OF KEY RESULTS
25
288
12.0 Mio 14.4 Mio 17.5 Mio 18.7 Mio 18.9 Mio 19.8 Mio 20.8 Mio
2.8 Mio 2.9 Mio 3.3 Mio 3.3 Mio 3.7 Mio 3.7 Mio 4.8 Mio
PERSONNEL AND FINANCE
PERSONNEL
of which from industry in EUR
REVENUES in EUR without investments 22.5 Mio
5.0 Mio
223
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20172010 2011
349 344319 330 337
359
25.3 Mio
6.0 Mio
2018
Planned
370
YEAR
2726
INVESTMENT INTO THE FUTURE
320 WORKSTATIONS7,516 m2 TOTAL USEABLE FLOOR AREA
TECHNICAL CENTERS | LABS2,160 m2
ENERGY TRANSITION HUB
PROPERTY: 32,715 m2
GROSS VOLUME: 78,000 m3
OFFICES | SEMINAR ROOMS4 FLOORS 5,356 m2
INNOVATIVE ENERGY CONCEPT:HEAT PUMP 220 kW
ICE STORAGE SYSTEM 600 m3
PEAK LOAD BOILER 600 kW
The first spates in the ground on 20 September 2017 by Volker Bouffier, Minister President
of Hesse, Christian Geselle, Mayor of Kassel, Dr. Reimund Neugebauer, President of the
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and Prof. Dr. Clemens Hoffmann, Executive Director of the Institute,
marked the start of construction of the new Fraunhofer building in Kassel. A research and
development facility for about 320 staff members will be erected next to central station by
2020. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the state of Hesse each contribute
half of the investment volume of roughly EUR 60 million.
Energy economics and energy system technology – these are the two research areas of
the Fraunhofer Institute in Kassel. More than 350 staff members are now employed at the
four locations in the city; in 2008, it was 180. The operating budget rose from roughly
EUR 10 million to about EUR 23 million over the same period. This successful development
is acknowledged by erecting the new institute building.
To offer the Fraunhofer institute sufficient space for further development, the city of Kassel
has developed the area north of the central station. »The development of the former freight
yard is one of Kassel’s largest conversion projects in recent years«, Mayor Christian Geselle
explained. »I am convinced that the decision of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft – to consolidate
the facilities currently still distributed throughout the city into an innovative institute – will be
of lasting benefit to the development of the whole city«.
2928
30
Establishing new areas of expertise
The system coupling of electricity, heat, gas and mobility enables the necessary increase in
flexibility between energy generation and energy demand in a system with strongly volatile
components. This is why the new area of expertise, energy process engineering, has been es-
tablished in the institute over the last two years. As a second significant addition, the expertise
in the area of buildings, quarters, heating and cooling will continue to be expanded.
»The ›Urban Energy System‹ research model is of special significance for many industry branch-
es in Hesse. We benefit from the extraordinary expertise of Fraunhofer IEE in sustainable urban
and regional development and will continue to support the institute in the upcoming years in
implementing innovative solutions for renewable energy supply, for enhanced energy efficiency
and smart grids«, Minister President Volker Bouffier affirmed.
»The researchers of Fraunhofer in Kassel have established themselves as central players of
energy research in Germany and in the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft«, Fraunhofer President Prof Dr.
Reimund Neugebauer said. »With its research focus on energy economics and energy system
technology, the institute has developed to become an established and important point of con-
tact for politics, economy and teaching, not least thanks to the generous support of the state
of Hesse and the favourable local conditions in energy research in Germany«.
ENERGY TRANSITION HUB
Innovative in terms of design, structural physics and energetics, the new building is based
on a design of architect Günter Schleiff from HHS Planer + Architekten in Kassel and is to
facilitate more direct communication and coordination, making the collaboration between
scientists more efficient. The 4-storey building with a usable floor area of almost 7,600 m2 will
accommodate a large technical center, several laboratories as well as an »Energy Transition
Hub«, in addition to offices and seminar rooms. For the national energy transition and for
accompanying and networking the international energy system transformations, data streams
of the cross-sectoral energy systems of electricity, heat and mobility will be merged, analysed
and system options will be developed and explored in the multifunctional room of the Energy
Transition Hub.
Boasting a 220 kW heat pump for heat generation and a 600 m3 ice storage system, the
new institute building follows a sustainable energy concept. A gas-fired 600 kW cascade of
condensing boilers serves as a peak load boiler and backup system. Air conditioning in summer
takes place via a centrally regulated concrete core temperature control supplied by the ice
storage system. Decentralized ventilation systems supply fresh air. »We develop solutions to
challenges in the transformation of energy systems and consistently implement them in our
new research building as well«, Executive Director Prof. Dr. Clemens Hoffmann emphasized.
INDEX DATUM Kürzel ART DER ÄNDERUNG
IWES_03_AR_FA_A_OW_--_02_--_d_F
BAUHERR
PLANINHALT
PROJEKT
Neubau Institutsgebäude für das Fraunhofer-Institut fürWindenergie und Energiesystemtechnik IWES in Kassel
PLANNNUMMER
712_153_755800_IWES-KS
Lfd.
Nr.
Pro
jekt
Lph
Plan
er/
Gew
erk
Pla
nart
Dar
stel
lung
Eben
e /
Beze
ichn
.
Inde
xA
R P
lans
tand
Inde
xFa
chpl
aner
Plan
stan
d
Plan
teil
OK FFB EG = ± 0,00 = 183.10 m üNN
PROJEKTNUMMER
Fraunhofer-GesellschaftHansastraße 27c80686 München
LEGENDE
1,69x72006.10.2016 1:100
DATUM FREIGABE DURCH BAUHERR
....................
PLANGRÖSSE
ARCHITEKT
HHS Planer + Architekten AGHabichtswalder Strasse 1934119 Kasseltelefon 0561 | 930 94-0telefax 0561 | 930 94 [email protected]
m / cm
EINHEIT MASSSTAB
FREIGABE DURCH ARCHITEKT
....................
| ENTWURF
OKUKVKVKRVKFUZBROKFFBOKRFBUKFDUKRD
OberkanteUnterkanteVorderkanteVorderkante rohVorderkante fertigUnterzugBrüstungshöheOK FertigfußbodenOK RohbodenUK FertigdeckeUK Rohdecke
AHDNABEDARR
Abgehängte DeckeNotausgangBodeneinlaufDacheinlaufRegenrohr
StahlbetonKalksandsteinLeichte TrennwandDämmstoffeSchachtBauteil oberhalb der Schnittlinie
F 90 Brandschutzanforderung BauteilBrandschutzanforderung TürIndex
T30 -RS
G
G
N
N
H
H
H'
H'
I
I
K
K
L
L
M
M
E'
E'
A
A
39,59 10,375 11,50 5,275 5,10 2,875 16,50 13,00 17,00
0,00
+4,20
+5,23
+6,20
+10,20
+14,20
+18,49
4,20
1,03
974,
004,
004,
29
UK Riegel +2,25
+11,225
5,28
923,
001,
003,
001,
003,
001,
29
4,20
1,03
N
N
M
M
L
L
K
K
I
I
H´
H´
H
H
G
G
F'
F'
F
F
E
E
D
D
C
C
B
B
A
A
17,00 13,00 16,50 2,875 5,10 5,275 11,50 4,75 4,625 2,775 6,075 4,25 6,075 9,90
+0,00
+6,20
+10,20
+14,20
+18,49
+5,23
+4,20
6,20
4,00
4,00
4,29
3,76
5,28
923,
001,
003,
001,
003,
001,
293,
76
+11,225+11,225
3,70
+22,25
Druckluftentlastungsöfnung aus dem RZ
FassadenabwicklungAnsicht Ost - Ansicht West
FassadenabwicklungAnsicht West
FassadenabwicklungAnsicht Ost
Streckmetall
Sichtbeton, Technika
Streckmetall, Büro
opake Flächen, Fenster I PR-Fassade
transparente Flächen, Fenster I PR-Fassade
a 27.04.16 vza, ibe Erstellung der indizierten Plangrundlage, Konstruktionsraster 8,10m,
b Anpassung der Planung in Abstimmung mit Fachplanernvza, sri27.07.16
c 01.08.16 vza, sri Änderung der Höhe für OK Attika
d 22.09.16 sri Allgemeine Planüberarbeitung
INDEX DATUM Kürzel ART DER ÄNDERUNG
IWES_03_AR_FA_A_NS_--_01_--_d_F
BAUHERR
PLANINHALT
PROJEKT
Neubau Institutsgebäude für das Fraunhofer-Institut fürWindenergie und Energiesystemtechnik IWES in Kassel
PLANNNUMMER
712_153_755800_IWES-KS
Lfd.
Nr.
Pro
jekt
Lph
Plan
er/
Gew
erk
Pla
nart
Dar
stel
lung
Eben
e /
Beze
ichn
.
Inde
xA
R P
lans
tand
Inde
xFa
chpl
aner
Plan
stan
d
Plan
teil
OK FFB EG = ± 0,00 = 183.10 m üNN
PROJEKTNUMMER
Fraunhofer-GesellschaftHansastraße 27c80686 München
LEGENDE
ARCHITEKT
HHS Planer + Architekten AGHabichtswalder Strasse 19
| ENTWURF
OKUKVKVKRVKFUZBROKFFBOKRFBUKFDUKRD
OberkanteUnterkanteVorderkanteVorderkante rohVorderkante fertigUnterzugBrüstungshöheOK FertigfußbodenOK RohbodenUK FertigdeckeUK Rohdecke
AHDNABEDARR
Abgehängte DeckeNotausgangBodeneinlaufDacheinlaufRegenrohr
StahlbetonKalksandsteinLeichte TrennwandDämmstoffeSchachtBauteil oberhalb der Schnittlinie
F 90 Brandschutzanforderung BauteilBrandschutzanforderung TürIndex
T30 -RS
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
+6,20
+10,20
+14,20
+18,49
+5,23
6,20
4,00
4,00
4,29
5,28
923,
001,
003,
001,
003,
001,
29
5,26
1,54
2,40
1,60
2,40
1,60
2,40
1,29
+22,25
+18,49
+24,00
9'
9'
10´
10´
9´
9´
8´
8´
7
7
7´
7´
6
6
6´
6´
5
5
5´
5´
4
4
4´
4´
3´
3´
3
3
2
2
10'
10'
11'
11'
12'
12'
13'
13'
14'
14'
15'
15'
8
8
6,75 4,50 8,10 4,05 6,765 6,23 6,775 8,10 8,10 8,10 8,10 8,10 8,10
UK Riegel +2,25
OK Riegel +4,20
UK +4,20
OK Attika +5,23
4,30
93
4,20
1,03
31,
542,
401,
602,
401,
602,
401,
29
+22,25
+6,20
+10,20
+14,20
+18,49
6,20
4,00
4,00
4,29
5,28
923,
001,
003,
001,
003,
001,
29
A
A
B
B
9,90
+0,00
+5,23
5,23
+4,30
FassadenabwicklungAnsicht Süd - Ansicht Nord
FassadenabwicklungAnsicht Nord
FassadenabwicklungBereich Küche Achse 5/6
Streckmetall
Sichtbeton, Technika
Streckmetall, Büro
opake Flächen, Fenster I PR-Fassade
transparente Flächen, Fenster I PR-Fassade
a 27.04.16 vza, ibe Erstellung der indizierten Plangrundlage, Konstruktionsraster 8,10m,
b Anpassung der Planung in Abstimmung mit Fachplanernvza, sri27.07.16
c 01.08.16 vza, sri Änderung der Höhe für OK Attika
d 24.08.16 vza Eintragung der 35 PV-Elemente
31
CONVERTER TECHNOLOGY
Starting in the 1990s, ISET substan-tially contributes to the develop-ment of converters to be used for photovoltaics. In addition, ISET sets major impulses for establishing in-dustrial innovations and standards – such as patented voltage-impress-ing converters, which can be used to stabilize the wide-area synchro-nous grid of the future.
BATTERY SIMULATION
Using state-of-the-art methods and physical models, ISET is able to simu-late the behavior of lead-acid batter-ies on the computer with high accu-racy. Today the simulation software can be used for lithium-ion batteries as well and is used by car manufac-turers and their suppliers all over the world.
ISET IS FOUNDED
On the initiative of Prof. Dr. Werner Kleinkauf, the German state of Hesse in 1988 establishes ISET, the Institute of Solar Energy Supply Technology, as an autonomously operating research institute affiliat-ed with the University of Kassel. The main focus of ISET’s research activities is on systems and technol-ogy for using renewable energies.
ON THE ENERGY TRANSITION
JOINING FRAUNHOFER
In 2009, ISET becomes one of two sub-institutes of the newly estab-lished Fraunhofer IWES (Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Ener-gy System Technology). Headed by Prof. Jürgen Schmid, the energy system technology branch is further extended, and the number of staff quickly increases from about 180 to over 350.
COMBINED POWER PLANT
With the »Combined Power Plant« project, Fraunhofer IWES counter-acts the widespread pre judice that power supply based one-hundred percent on renewables cannot be consistent. The Institute develops system services ensuring the stabil-ity of power grids as well as virtual power plants comprising multiple, distributed producers.
POWER GRIDS
By extending power transmission and distribution grids, flexibility in terms of balancing fluctuations in power production and grid utiliza-tion can be increased, reducing the need for energy storage. Fraunhofer IWES develops grid extension sce-narios, concepts of grid extension to be used for concrete regional demands, and methods for cost- efficient grid extension planning.
SECTOR COUPLING
The coupling of power, heat, gas, and mobility allows more flexible production and consumption in a system characterized by highly vola-tile sub-sectors. Fraunhofer IWES develops methods, components, and business models for cross-sector energy supply structures and energy storage systems.
AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE
In 2018, each of the two sub- institutes of Fraunhofer IWES be-comes an autonomous institute, leading to the formation of Fraun-hofer Institute for Energy Econom-ics and Energy System Technology IEE. Energy economics was added to the Institute’s portfolio by Prof. Dr. Clemens Hoffmann, who as-sumed the position of Director in 2012.
BIOGAS AND POWER-TO-GAS
Recognizing the great potential and flexibility of biogas plants at an early stage, ISET develops methods for demand-driven gas production. Regarding power-to-gas and long-term energy storage, ISET develops plant and system concepts as well as operating models and methods for optimization.
ANNIVERSARY
HIGHLIGHTS: 30 YEARS OF RESEARCH
TIDAL STREAM TURBINES
Developing the control system and conducting simulations, ISET is substantially involved in the conceptualization, development, construction, and operation of the world’s first large-scale tidal current power plant located off England’s West coast and further projects.
WIND POWER FORECASTING
ISET’s forecasting system enables grid operators to reliably integrate wind energy into the grid and the market and contributes to reliable grid operation with its precise fore-casts. This also saves costs for bal-ancing energy and control power.
WIND MEASUREMENT PROGRAM
In 1990, the German federal govern-ment mandates ISET to launch and implement the scientific mesuring and evaluation program »250 MW Wind«. Over the course of 16 years, ISET systematically collects, evalu-ates and processed data from over 1,500 wind farms in one of the worlds largest data bases about the wind energy.
3332
IMPRESSUM
Funding
FUNDING, HISTORY, BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Board of Trustees
Peter Barth
Amprion GmbH, Head of Grid Development
Walter Bornscheuer
Solarwatt GmbH, Head of Product Management
Prof. Dr. habil. István Erlich†
University of Duisburg-Essen, Chair of IEEE PES
German Chapter
Chair IFAC TC6.3 on Power and Energy Systems
Dr. Michael Fiedeldey
(Chairman of the Board of Trustees)
STWB Stadtwerke Bamberg GmbH, Managing Director
Dr. Roland Hermes
innogy SE, Head of System Analyses Grid & Infrastructure
Segment
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Leohold
Volkswagen AG, Head of AutoUni
Dr. Ulrike Mattig
Hessian Ministry for Science and Art
Head of Department of Non-University Research Institutions,
Trans-Regional Research Promotion
Martin Roßmann
Viessmann Werke, Global Head of Systems- and Advanced
Technology
Dr. Kai Schiefelbein
Stiebel Eltron GmbH & Co. KG, Board Member
Dr. Matthias Victor
SMA Solar Technology AG, Member of the Supervisory Board
Vice President Technology Center
Fraunhofer IEE successfully collaborates with numerous public
and industrial research institutions on a both national and
international scale. The institute’s application-oriented work
is highlighted by the large number of projects with industry
involvement and direct contracts with businesses.
Universities
Fraunhofer IEE closely collaborates with various universities, in
particular the Universities of Kassel, Hannover and Darmstadt.
Fraunhofer
Within the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, use is made of the
expertise and experience of partner institutes, in particular
the Fraunhofer Groups for Materials and Components –
MATERIALS and ICT as well as the Fraunhofer Energy and
Battery Alliances.
Hesse
The Hessian Biogas Research Center HBFZ in Bad Hersfeld is
operated by Fraunhofer IEE in collaboration with the Hessian
Department of Agriculture LLH and the Hessian State
Laboratory LHL.
Fraunhofer IEE is a board member in the Hessian House of En-
ergy HoE. The HoE is a network of major Hessian energy utility
companies, service and production businesses, universities, col-
leges and research institutions as well as two Hessian ministries.
In addition, the institute participates in the cluster networks
deENet – Kompetenznetzwerk dezentrale Energietechnologien
e.V. and MoWIN.net – Network for the North Hessian Mobility
Economy.
Germany
Together with other German non-university research institu-
tions, Fraunhofer IEE is a member of the Renewable Energy
Research Association FVEE.
COOPERATION, FRAUNHOFER
International
On the initiative of Fraunhofer IEE, the leading European
laboratories and research institutes focusing on decentralized
energy sources established the DERlab network.
Fraunhofer IEE is a member of the European Energy Research
Alliance EERA, the alliance of European public research centers
and universities.
Bodies
The research findings are the basis for the participation of
many scientists in national and international bodies, such as
DKE, CENELEC and IEC, and the use of those findings for
standardization and norms.
The technical expertise of Fraunhofer IEE also shapes the politi-
cal, legal and commercial framework.
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Fraunhofer IEE is a legally dependent establishment of Fraun-
hofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung
e.V. headquartered in Munich. The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
is the leading organisation for applied research in Europe. Its
research activities are conducted by 69 institutes and research
facilities at locations throughout Germany. The Fraunhofer-Ge-
sellschaft employs more than 25,000 staff members, who work
with an annual research budget totalling EUR 2.1 billion, EUR
1.9 billion of which is generated by contract research. The
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft derives about 70 percent of its contract
research revenue from contracts with the industry and from
publicly financed research projects. International collaborations
with excellent research partners and innovative businesses
throughout the globe ensure direct access to regions of great-
est importance to present and future scientific progress and
economic development.
History
The institute was established in 1988 by the state of Hesse
and the city of Kassel under the name Institut für Solare
Energieversorgungstechnik ISET e.V. as an affiliated institute
of the University of Kassel under the direction of Prof. Dr.
Werner Kleinkauf. In 2009, the institute was integrated into
the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft as one of two divisions of the
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System
Technology IWES under the direction of Prof. Dr. Jürgen
Schmid†. The new independent Fraunhofer Institute for Energy
Economics and Energy System Technology IEE in Kassel was
established in 2018 from the Energy System Technology
division of Fraunhofer IWES.
3534
IMPRESSUM
POINTS OF CONTACT
Energy Economics Division
Director Energy Economics Division
Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Mackensen
Phone +49 561 7294-245
Analyses and Consultancy in Energy Economics
Dr.-Ing. Stefan Bofinger
Phone +49 561 7294-371
Energy Meteorology Information Systems
Dipl.-Math. André Baier M.Sc.
Phone +49 561 7294-372
Virtual Power Plants
Manuel Wickert M.Sc.
Phone +49 561 7294-369
Wind Resource Assessment with LiDAR
Dr.-Ing. Paul Kühn
Phone +49 561 7294-351
Training and Knowledge Transfer
Dr. rer. nat. Gudrun Franke-Braun
Phone +49 561 7294-429
Energy System Technology Division
Director Energy System Technology Division
Dr.-Ing. Philipp Strauß
Phone +49 561 7294-144
Grid Planning and Operation
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Braun
Phone +49 561 7294-118
Power Electronics and Device Technology
Dr.-Ing. Marco Jung
Phone +49 561 7294-112
Hardware-in-the-Loop Systems
Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Puchta
Phone +49 561 7294-367
Decentralized Energy Management
Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Jan von Appen
Phone +49 561 7294-276
Plant Engineering
Dr.-Ing. Ramona Schröer
Phone +49 561 7294-1744
Measuring and Testing
Dr.-Ing. Gunter Arnold
Phone +49 561 7294-231
Dr.-Ing. Norbert Henze
Phone +49 561 7294-219
Test centers and laboratories
SysTec | Smart Grids and Electromobility
Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Degner
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. habil. René Marklein
Hybrid Storage Systems
Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Jan von Appen
DeMoTec – Modular Supply Technology
Dr.-Ing. Philipp Strauß
Control Systems Large Wind Turbines
Dr.-Ing. Martin Shan
Photovoltaic Systems
Dipl.-Ing. Peter Funtan
Battery Storage
Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Puchta
Hessian Biogas Research Center
Dr.-Ing. Bernd Krautkremer
Wind Resource Measurements
Dr.-Ing. Paul Kühn
Areas of expertise
Scientific Program Director
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kurt Rohrig
Phone +49 561 7294-330
Electrical Grids
Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Degner
Phone +49 561 7294-232
Energy Informatics
Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Mackensen
Phone +49 561 7294-245
Energy Meteorology and Renewable Resources
Dr.-Ing. Doron Callies
Phone +49 561 7294-236
Energy Process Engineering
Dipl.-Phys. Jochen Bard
Phone +49 561 7294-346
Energy Economics and System Design
Dr.-Ing. Stefan Bofinger
Phone +49 561 7294-371
Device and System Technology
Dr.-Ing. Norbert Henze
Phone +49 561 7294-219
3736
3938
IMPRINT, EDITORIAL TEAM, PHOTO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Editorial team, layout
Dr. Ulrike Fuchs, Uwe Krengel, Anna Krolczik,
Uta Werner
January 15, 2018
Publisher
Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and
Energy System Technology IEE
Institute Management:
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Clemens Hoffmann (Executive Director)
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kurt Rohrig (Deputy Director)
Dr.-Ing. Philipp Strauß (Deputy Director)
Koenigstor 59, 34119 Kassel, Germany
Phone +49 561 7294-345 | Fax +49 561 7294-300
[email protected] | www.iee.fraunhofer.de/en
P 2 | fotoliaP 3 | Volker BeushausenP 8 | fotolia (T), Volker Beushausen (B)P 9 | fotolia (TL), Tom Prall (TR),
Fraunhofer IEE (BL), DLR (BR)P 10 | pixelio R. Sturm (TL), MEV (TR),
Cecre (BL), fotolia (BR)P 11 | Fraunhofer IEE, Harry Soremski (TL),
Fraunhofer IEE (TR, BL), Pavo Blåfield (BR)P 12 | Fraunhofer IEE (TR, TL, BL), Rainer Sturm, pixelio (BR)P 13 | Fraunhofer IEEP 14 | fotolia (T), Nelli Stürmer (B)P 15 | pixelio, Andreas Morlok (TL),
Volker Beushausen (TR, BL), Helloquence (BR)P 16 | Fraunhofer IEE (TL, TR), Jörg Lantelmé (BL),
Fraunhofer IEE (BR)P 17 | Uwe Krengel (TL), Anna Krolczik (TR),
istock (BL). Fraunhofer IEE (BR)P 18 | istock (TL), Fraunhofer IEE (TR),
fotolia (BL), Fraunhofer IBP (BR)P 19 | Fraunhofer IEE, Bernd Krautkremer (TL),
ThinkIng, Michael Bokelmann (TR), Dirk Mahler (BL), DOP Hessisches Landesamt (BR)
P 20 | Bräutigam (TL), Uta Werner (TR), Norbert Henze (BL), Fraunhofer IEE (BR)
P 21 | Volker Beushausen (TL, TR), Harry Soremski (BL), Bernd Krautkremer (BR)
P 22 | fotolia (T), Volker Beushausen (BR)P 24f | Volker Beushausen P 28ff | HHS ArchitektenP 31 | ArchimedesP 32 | IEE (T); IEE (BL), Volker Beushausen (BM),
www.siemens.com/presse (BR)P 33 | Bernd Krautkremer (TR), IEE (TR), Pavo Blåfield (BL),
fotolia (BM)
Photo acknowledgements
e
WWW.IEE.FRAUNHOFER.DE/EN
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