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D.M.D.K. Dissanayake
E.A.E.H. Hemachandra
P.G.L. Arachchi
U.S.S. Dharmapriya
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1. Introduction2. Lighting System
2.1 Corridors and Stairways
2.2 Chamber
2.3 Library
2.4 Outdoor
2.5Wash Rooms3. Energy uses in Kitchen (Electricity, Gas)4.
Cold rooms
5. Recommendation for improvement in energy efficiency
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Table 2.1: Measured illuminance levelsTable 2.2: Chamber Lighting Arrangement
Table 2.3: Parliament Outer Perimeter Lighting Arrangement
Table 3.1: Device List - Kitchen
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It's a common fact that vast amounts of electric power are wasted every year in the world. So
the saving in electricity becomes an increasingly important issue because the cost of all forms
of energy increases in today's world. The use of energy efficient lighting is one of the best and
most cost effective ways of reducing the energy consumption. Hence it becomes very important
to focus everyones attention to apply more efficient lighting designs in theirbuildings.
During the walk-through energy audit at parliament building, lighting systems in the following
areas were studied.
Chamber Corridors Conference rooms Cafeterias Kitchen Library Outdoor
- Security lighting- Garden
Lighting is a larger energy consumer in the building and responsible for 60% of the total
energy consumption. It was found during the energy audit, CFL and Fluorescent bulbshave
been most commonly used sources for lighting in the parliament building. Also it was identified
that the fitted fluorescent light bulbs are starter less and a copper strip was there. So that this
is most helpful to save energy in lighting system, if properly maintained and operated.
But some incandescent bulbs were counted in the following places due to the safekeeping
problem.
Washrooms Short walls
Also there are around 232 incandescent lamps in the Chamber for task lighting.
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The measured lighting or lux levels in some areas of the building are given in Table 1.1.
Corridor 32
Library - Reading Area 147
Library - Bookshelves 66~187
Chamber Speakers Table 157
Members Seats
26 (Without task lighting)
430(With 40W incandescent bulb)
891 (With 60W incandescent bulb)
Under the Chandelier 92
Hansard Reporters Chamber28 (Without task lighting)
209 (With 40W incandescent light)
Kitchen 190
Lift 183
Table 2.1: Measured illuminance levels
Recommended standard maintained illuminance in corridors and stairways during daytime is
50~100 lux (at floor level). But according to the Table 1.1, the lighting of low illuminancelevel
(32 lux) is maintained in internal corridors which receive no daylight. Although there are more
than enough corridor lights due to the dark colour globes used there, illuminance level is lesser
than the required. Therefore it is a good idea to fixwarm white globes to obtain the required
illuminance.
The natural lighting can be optimally used and lights can be turned off during the day time in
corridors and stairways where daylight receives. So it can be made best use of daylights in
those areas.
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The Table 1.2 shows the chamber lighting arrangement.
Spot Light 80 34
Spot Light 120 82
CFL Reflector (Flag posts) 20 30
Reflector (Chandelier) 135 24
CFL (Speaker Entrance) 13 5
Incandescent Lamps 40 / 60 232
Table 2.2: Chamber Lighting Arrangement
It is understood that most of the chamber lighting has been selected in accordance with the
architectural requirements.
It was observed that there arearound 232 incandescent lamps (40W or 60W) used for task
lighting on the members tables.So these lamps are switched on during only when reading or
writing. The recommended illuminance over the task area where reading or writing is carried
out is generally in the range of 300 to 500 lux. The measured illumination level is 430 lux near
a 40W lamp and 890 lux for a 60W lamp. Therefore it is recommended to replace the existing
60W lamps with 40W lamps as the given illuminance level is within the required range.
It was observed during the audit that there exist some skylightsand light shelves especially in
the library area. So there is a possibility to connect day light sensors and reduce the lighting
energy consumption by using natural lightsoptimally in the library.This can save energy in
place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in
buildings.
Another observation was thatthere wasnt a proper numbering system to switch on/off the
required lights from the number of lights installed there. So it is recommended that a proper
action needs to be taken to number each and every lighting device and corresponding
switching point for easy identification.
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The lighting system of the parliament outer perimeter is as follows.
Lamp post with globe 11 126
Metal HalideLamp 400 17Sodium Lamp 1000 10
Halogen Lamp 1000 13
HPSV Lamp 400 1
Chandelier globe post 11 6 16
Table 2.3: Parliament Outer Perimeter Lighting Arrangement
Even though there is a garden and security lighting system around the parliament building,
they still do not have a proper system to control them precisely. All the outside lamps are still
controlled manually. So it has been understood that there should be a better controlling
mechanism for the operation of outside lamps. One aspect is to operate automatically via
timers and photo cells. But there are number of drawbacks with the automated switches
mentioned above. For one thing, the photocells either malfunction or get covered up by dust,
leading the lamps stay on during daytime. On the other hand, since the timers are pre-
programmed to operate at a specific time, the controllability of the lamps according to the daily
changes in rising and setting of sun, is limited. Due to such limitations, those automated
systems are not recognized as completely adoptable solution.
So it is supposed to implement a GSM based system to operate the outside lamps automatically
via the mobile phone from any remote location.
Many of the light bulbs observed in the washrooms of parliament building were incandescent
lamps. Inside the building, there are around 198 washrooms and each lit with three (03) 40W
incandescent lamps and one (01) fluorescent lamp. Switch on period of those lights is usually
around 16 hours/day. Although incandescent lighting is the least efficient form of lighting, the
replacement of those with CFL is also not possible due to safekeeping problem.
So that the installation of occupancy sensors is recommended to switch on the lights only when
a person coming into the washroom. These will both save energy and the bulb life time as
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well.A cost analysis has been done for installing occupancy sensors in the wash rooms and it is
shown below.
Implementing occupancy sensor for wash rooms
Description
Occupancy sensors have two tasks: keeping the lights ON while the space is occupied and
turning the lights OFF when unoccupied. The PIR sensors provide immunity to false ON
through a specialized Fresnel lens which divides the field-of- view into sensor zones. When a
person passes into or out of a sensor zone, the sensor detects motion and switches the lights
ON. The Ultrasonic (U/S) sensors provide maximum sensitivity and range in difficult spaces
with irregular shaped rooms and partitions that can block the PIR field-of-view. A pair of U/S
sensors will detect Doppler shifts caused by motion in a space preventing false OFF. These
sensors are more sensitive to small movements since they do not rely on zones.
Technical details
Product : OSSMT Technology: Multi-Technology PIR/Ultrasonic Switch Type: Single-Pole / Double pole Mounting: Wall Switch Device Type: Occupancy Sensor Coverage (Sq.Ft.): 2400 Sq. Ft. Pattern: 180 Mounting Height (Ft.): 4 Ft. Adjustment: Self-Adjusting Time Delay: 30s-30m Voltage: 120/277 Volt AC 60Hz Load Rating: 800W@120V INC 1200VA@120V 2700VA@277V FL Power Pack: External Power Pack Not Required Operating Temperature: 0C to 50C Storage Temperature Range: -10C to 85C Relative Humidity: 20% to 90% non-condensing Neutral Wire Connection: Not Required LED Color: Green and Red
Wallplate: Order Separate Size: 4.06" H x 1.75" W x 1.85" D (103.2mm x 44.4mm x 47.2mm) Warranty: 5-Year Limited
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Number of washrooms 100
Lighting devices
Incandescent 3 60 WFlorescent 1 40W
Operating Hours 12 hrs
Number of working days per month - 22
Energy Consumption per month = (2201222100)/1000= 5808 kWh
Expected savings from occupancy sensors = 25% Energy Saving = 58080.25
= 1,452 kWh
Monthly Saving = 1,452 19.10=
Cost for occupancy sensor =Rs. 4000.00 Cost for modification =Rs. 2000.00 Total cost for replacement =Rs. 6000.00*100
=Rs. 600000.00
Operation and maintenance cost per month =Rs. 5000.00 ( 10 % increment annually)
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01 Electric Oven (Zanussi) 1 3
02 Double Deep Fryer (Zanussi) 33 2 4 ~ 503 Salamander 6 1
04 Exhaust Fan 1 6
05 Refrigerator 1 24
06 Blender 1 1
07 Meat / Band Saw Machine 2.5 2 4
08 Rice Boiler 32 2 45 3
09 Coconut Scraper 1 2 3
10 Hand beater 1 1
114 Door Refrigerator
(FAGOR)0.3 1 24
12 Mixer (Varimixer) 1.1 1 2
13 Oven (Zanussi) 17.3 2 3
14 Hobart Mixer 1
15 Oven (Zanussi) 17.3 1 45 min 2
16 Double Deep Fryer (Zanussi) 33 4 ~ 5
17 Single Deep Fryer (Zanussi) 4 ~ 5
18 Deep Fryer (Oldest) 4 ~ 5
19 Brat Pan (Zanussi) 15 2 30 min 3
204 Door Refrigerator
(FAGOR)0.3 2 24
21 Zanussi Oven (Cake) 0.3 2 24
22 Hobart 1.5 1
23 Electric Potato Peeler 3 1
24 Vegetable Slicer 0.5 1 1
25 Exhaust Fan 1
26 Ice Cuber 24
27 Dish Washer 3.65 1 6
28 Geezer 10 1 6
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29 Water Boiler 2
30 Refrigerator 24
31 Microwave Oven
32 Cool Cupboard 24
33 Water Boiler 19.2 1 1.5 3
34 Dish Washer 30 1 6
46.72 1 6
35 Boiler 30 1 2
36 Wall Mounted Instant Water
Geezer
30 1
37 Cool Cupboard 0.146 1 24
38 Water Cooler 0.575 1 8
39 Boiler 8
40 Blender 1
41 Blodgett Oven 1
42 Oven 1
43 Boiler 2
44 Coffee Maker 1
45 Dish Washer 1
46 Refrigerator 2 24
47 Exhaust Fan 1
48 Water Filter 0.5 2
49 Toaster 1
50 Bun Heater 1
51 Sup Boiler 2
Table 3.1: Device List - Kitchen
Three different types of cold rooms have been installed in the premises near to the kitchen
area. During the audit, it was observed that cold stop air curtains are used only in two cold
rooms. Basically these insulated curtains trap cold air in and keeps warm air out of the room
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and reduce the energy wastage. So it is better to make use of a cold stop air curtain to the other
cold room door as well.
Another important fact noticed was that doors in the cold rooms are opened number of times
per day and it was kept open for about 15 minutes period. So one significant fact to be kept in
mind is that try to reduce the number of unnecessary door openingsand to minimize the door
open up time duration by using a proper food taken out schedule.
The recommendations given below will improve the energy efficiency and help reduce energy
costs.
a) Conduct a survey to collect data on lighting devices in the buildingb)
Change the lamp globes used in corridors and stairways to obtain the requiredilluminance
c) Replace the 60W fluorescent lamps used in the chamber for task lighting with 40Wlamps as the given illuminance level is within the required range
d) Number each and every lighting device and corresponding switch for easyidentification.
e) Use occupancy sensors where possible to eliminate idling lightse.g - Bathrooms
f) Connect day light sensors where natural lighting can be optimally usede.g - Library, Kitchen
g) Improve awareness of staff on importance of switching off unnecessary lights whenthere are no occupants in the location
e.g - Corridors, Staircases, Conference rooms
h) Regular cleaning of lighting fixtures is requiredi) Implement a GSM based system to automatically operate the lamps installed in
parliament outside perimeter
j) Reduce the number of unnecessary door openings of cold rooms and minimize the dooropen up time duration by using a proper food taken out schedule