510 Thornall Street, Suite 170 Edison, NJ 08837 Phone: 732-590-0122 Fax: 732-590-0129 Energy Audit Prepared For: Ewing Township School District Contact Brian S. Falkowski Business Administrator Prepared By: Dome – Tech, Inc. Prepared Under the Guidelines of the State of NJ Local Government Energy Audit Program March 2011
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Energy Audit - NJ Clean Energy Audit Reports - July 2012/Ewing Township...energy audit was to evaluate the District’s energy consumption, establish baselines for energy efficiency
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510 Thornall Street, Suite 170
Edison, NJ 08837
Phone: 732-590-0122
Fax: 732-590-0129
Energy AuditPrepared For:
Ewing Township
School District
Contact Brian S. Falkowski
Business Administrator
Prepared By:
Dome – Tech, Inc.
Prepared Under the Guidelines of the State of NJ Local Government Energy Audit Program
March 2011
510 Thornall Street, Suite 170Edison, NJ 08837
Tel: 732.590.0122Fax: 732.590.0129
www.dome-tech.com
Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management
Retro-Commissioning Facility Management Consulting Energy Procurement
EWING TOWNSHIP BOARD OF EDUCATIONENERGY AUDIT REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary
2. ECM Summary By Payback
3. Energy Audit Report Energy Audit Purpose & Scope Historic Energy Consumption Facility Description Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Energy Conservation Measures Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures Energy Procurement Notes and Assumptions Operations & Maintenance Next Steps
4. Appendix Portfolio Manager/Energy Star Facilities Total Annual Energy Use Equipment & Lighting Inventory Lists ECM Lists ECM Costs & Calculations Renewables Calculations
Page 2
510 Thornall Street, Suite 170 Edison, NJ 08837
Tel: 732.590.0122 Fax: 732.590.0129
www.dome-tech.com
Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management
Retro-Commissioning Facility Management Consulting Energy Procurement
March 21, 2011 Mr. Brian Falkowski School Business Administrator / Board Secretary Ewing Township Board of Education 1331 Lower Ferry Road Ewing, NJ 08618 Re: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR EWING TOWNSHIP BOARD OF EDUCATION STATE OF NEW JERSEY LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENERGY AUDIT Dear Mr. Falkowski: Dome-Tech was retained by Ewing Township Board of Education, as a pre-qualified participant in the Local Government Energy Audit Program, to perform an energy audit. The objective of the energy audit was to evaluate the District’s energy consumption, establish baselines for energy efficiency and identify opportunities to reduce the amount of energy used and/or its cost. The scope of the audit is standardized under the Program, and consisted of the following:
Benchmarking historic energy consumption utilizing EPA Energy Star’s Portfolio Manager
Characterizing building use, occupancy, size, and construction
Providing a detailed equipment list including estimated service life and efficiency
Identifying and quantifying energy conservation measures (ECMs)
Evaluating the economic viability of various renewable/distributed energy technologies
Performing a utility tariff analysis and assessing savings potential from energy procurement strategies
Providing the method of analyses Based upon data received for the twelve (12) month period September 2009 – October 2010, for the facilities included in this study, the District had an annual expenditure of:
Electricity: 6,911,252 kWh at a total cost of $ 1,094,427.02
Natural Gas: 342,668 therms at a total cost of $ 363,708.37 The following seven (7) buildings were evaluated under this study:
William Antheil Elementary School 111,938 SF
Parkway Elementary School 67,419 SF
Francis Lore Elementary School 71,571 SF
Gilmore J Fisher Middle School 152,751 SF
Ewing High School 202,755 SF
Ryan Administration Building 4,191 SF
Gusz Maintenance Building 24,760 SF
Page 3
Please refer to Section 2 of this report for a detailed list of identified Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs), along with a summary of their preliminary economics (estimated project cost, estimated annual energy savings, applicable rebate(s), etc.) In this report, all identified ECMs are ranked and presented according to their simple payback; however, please note that the master ECM table can also be sorted by building, by measure type, etc. If all identified ECMs were to be implemented, they would provide the following estimated benefits to the Ewing Township Board of Education:
Total annual electrical savings: 1,779,740 kilowatt-hours; 26%
Total annual natural gas savings: 113,445 therms of natural gas usage; 33%
Total annual cost savings: $371,585; 26%
Total annual CO2 emissions reduction: 1,252 tons
Total net estimated implementation cost: $1,975,790
Total average simple payback: 5.3 years A summary of the projects that are recommended for implementation (at all facilities) includes: installing programmable controls and timers on exhaust fans, boilers, and water heaters; installing vending machine and personal computer power management devices; implementing a steam trap preventative maintenance program; replacing electric water heaters with gas fired units; removing and weatherizing unused exhaust fans, skylights, and window AC units; winterizing remaining window AC units; upgrading attic and piping insulation, upgrading lighting; replacing equipment and control systems; and implementing an energy awareness program. Please see the report for a full list of recommended ECM’s. The District’s data was entered into the US EPA ENERGY STAR’s Portfolio Manager database program. Buildings with scores of 75 or higher may qualify for the ENERGY STAR Building Label. For the District’s buildings that were eligible for an Energy Star score, the scores ranged between 22 and 54. In order to receive an Energy Star rating, more than 50% of a building must be defined by one of the following space types: Bank/Financial Institution, Courthouse, Hospital (Acute Care and Children's), Hotel, K-12 School, Medical Office, Office, Residence Hall/Dormitory, Retail Store, Supermarket, Warehouse (Refrigerated and Non-refrigerated), Wastewater Treatment Plant, or Data Center. Some of the buildings were not eligible for a score; as an alternate, the average Source EUI was provided. Please see the report for individual facility information. Distributed/Renewable Energy Systems were reviewed with the following conclusions:
Dome-Tech considered three different types of wind turbine technologies that consisted of both building-mounted and traditional ground-mounted variety. Ground Mounted is not possible for these buildings due to space constraints and the surrounding buildings. The Building-mounted wind turbine project appears to be the only technically viable option but we would not recommend it due to payback and high noise concerns. Should the District decide to pursue a wind turbine project, Dome-Tech recommends commissioning a more detailed study.
Roof-mounted photovoltaic systems, ranging in size from 88 - 270 kw dc, could provide approximately 42% per building of the District’s annual energy usage was assessed for implementation at each site.
CHP (Combined Heat and Power), Fuel Cells, and Micro-turbines were also considered and not recommended for any of the buildings.
Regarding the procurement of utilities, Dome-Tech understands that the Ewing Township Board of Education facilities in this study are served by nine electric accounts behind PSE&G and nine natural gas accounts behind PSE&G Natural gas under a variety rate classes. Dome-Tech understands that the District is currently under contract with a retail energy supplier for both electric and natural gas through the ACES Program.
Page 4
During the development of this audit, Dome-Tech was assisted by facility personnel, who were both knowledgeable and very helpful to our efforts. We would like to acknowledge and thank those individuals. Sincerely, Bang Duong Energy Engineer
Page 5
EWING TOWNSHIP BOE - ECM Sorted by payback Prepared by Dome-Tech, Inc.
Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) Buildings
Gross
Installation
Costs*
Rebates/
Incentive Avoided Cost
Net
Implementation
Costs
Annual
Energy
Cost
Savings
Annual
Oper.
Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Cost
Savings
Simple Pay
Back
Internal
Rate of
Return
(IRR)
Measure
Life Lifecycle Savings
CO2
Savings
(lbs)
kWh kW Therms
1 Optimize Time Clock Fredrick Ryan Administration Building 16,070 0.00 390 $200 $0 $0 $200 $3,010 $0 $3,010 0.11505.0%
15 $35,733 8
2 Time of Day Optimization Ewing High School 182,990 0.00 6,240 $4,000 $0 $0 $4,000 $35,340 $0 $35,340 0.1883.5%
15 $417,887 97
2 Time of Day Optimization Francis Lore Elementary School 107,910 0.00 3,670 $4,000 $0 $0 $4,000 $21,140 $0 $21,140 0.2528.5%
15 $248,368 57
2 Time of Day Optimization Fisher Middle School 85,060 0.00 2,120 $4,000 $0 $0 $4,000 $15,770 $0 $15,770 0.3394.2%
15 $184,261 41
2 Time of Day Optimization Parkway Elementary School 12,200 0.00 300 $1,600 $0 $0 $1,600 $2,270 $0 $2,270 0.7141.9%
15 $25,499 6
2 Time of Day Optimization William Antheil Elementary School 2,880 0.00 40 $1,080 $0 $0 $1,080 $510 $0 $510 2.147.1%
15 $5,008 1
3 Shut down Chilled water Pumps Ewing High School 27,990 3.95 0 $540 $0 $0 $540 $4,370 $0 $4,370 0.1809.3%
TOTAL 6,911,252 $1,094,427.02 $0.158 TOTAL 342,668 363,708.37$ $1.061
Ewing High School
Natural Gas
Buildings
Electric
Parkway Elementary School
Francis Lore Elementary
School
Gilmore J Fisher Middle
School
Ryan Administration
Building
Gusz Maintenance Building
William Antheil Elementary
School
Page 10
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Historic Energy Consumption
ENERGY STAR SCORES
Energy Star Score is calculated to establish a facility-specific energy intensity baseline.
Energy Star can be used to compare energy consumption to other similar facilities and to gauge the
success of energy conservation and cost containment efforts.
Buildings with an Energy Star rating/score of 75, or above, are eligible to apply for an official Energy Star
Building label.
Due to inefficient HVAC design of the high school, middle school and elementary schools and older
outdated HVAC units, it will be difficult for these buildings to achieve the energy star label.
Facility Name
Total Floor
Area
Energy Star
Score
Eligible to
Apply for
ENERGY STAR
Current Site
Energy Intensity
(kBtu/SF)
Current Source
Energy Intensity
(kBtu/SF)
Average
Source EUI by
Building Type
*
William Antheil Elementary School 111,938 44 NA 84.7 161.9
Parkway Elementary School 67,419 47 NA 84.4 183.7
Francis Lore Elementary School 71,571 54 NA 94.4 169.2
Gilmore J Fisher Middle School 152,751 27 NA 91.6 182.1
Ewing High School 202,755 22 NA 103.2 198
Ryan Administration Building 4,191 NA ** NA 140 258.3 265 - Public
Gusz Maintenance Building 24,760 NA * NA 84.2 158.3 150 - Service
**Note for Office Gross Floor Area must be greater than or equal to 5000
* Note for Average Source EUI: This data comes from the 2003 CBECS National Average Source and Site Energy Use and Performance Comparisions by Building Type.
This is Average EUI is used only w here Portfolio Manager does not have the buidling category list
Page 11
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Historic Energy Consumption (continued)
Portfolio Manager Sign - In
An account has been created for Ewing Township School District in Portfolio
Manager. You will have received an email to notify you of the generation of this
account and shared access with Dome-Tech. Please use this to read your facility
information. Please feel free to alter this information when the report is finalized. We
would ask that you leave the sign-in information alone until then. Your district’s
information is currently shared as read only.
When the report is finalized the shared access will be changed so that you can use /
edit the information and change as you wish.
Website link to sign-in:https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/index.cfm?fuseaction=login.Login
Usage: The building is a school serving grades 9-12. It is operated M-F from 7 am
until 2:30 pm for the students, and until 11:30 pm for staff and custodians.
The building is also open on Saturdays for sporting events from 7 am until
3:30 pm and on Sundays from 7 am until 12 pm. Closed holidays.
Construction Features:Facade: Two story, brick, in good condition
Roof Type: Flat, gray, metal deck, ballasted river rock, in good condition (science wing
has a white roof)
Windows: Covering approximately 20% of façade, metal frame, operable,
blinds, in good condition
Exterior Doors: Approximately 30, metal frame, fiberglass and metal, in good condition
Page 13
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Major Mechanical Systems – Ewing High SchoolAir Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems
Ewing High School has several air handling units (AHUs) for conditioning larger spaces and the science wing (science
wing AHU is equipped with a vortex damper); these AHU’s have chilled water coils for cooling and hot water coils for
heating. The AHU’s supply conditioned air to the two gyms, library and auditorium. The packaged rooftop units are
equipped with direct expansion (Dx) Cooling and heating hot water coils for the smaller classroom and office spaces
and gas reheat for the larger classroom spaces. The perimeter spaces are served by unit ventilators (UV) , fan coil
units (FCU) and unit heaters (UH) and are equipped with hot water coils for heating. The newer science wing
classrooms have variable volume boxes (VAV’s) and are equipped with chilled water for cooling and hot water coils for
heating. Approximately 60 exhaust fans exhaust from areas including mechanical/boiler rooms, toilets, and offices.
Boilers
There are two (2) Cleaver Brooks, fire-tube boilers, natural gas fired, steam boilers with 12,553 MBH capacity each.
These boilers operate in a lead lag sequence. There is a steam to hot water shell and tube heat exchanger that
supplies hot water to the building. The boilers are served by four pumps; two (2) 25-HP heating hot water pumps that
operate in a lead lag sequence and supplies hot water to the main section of the school and two (2) 5-HP heating hot
water pumps that operate in a lead lag sequence and supplies hot water to the science wing of the school.
Chillers
The science wing has two (2) Trane – 30 ton air-cooled chillers. These chillers operate in a lead lag sequence. These
chillers are served by two (2) 5-HP chilled water pumps that operate in a lead lag sequence. The auditorium and gym
has three (3) Trane – ( 1- 20 ton and 2- 25 ton) air-cooled chillers. These chillers are served by two (2) 5-HP chilled
water pumps that operate in a lead lag sequence.
Domestic Hot Water
There is a hot water storage tank served by a hot water heat exchanger that supplies domestic hot water to the
building that is approximately 300 gals. There are two (2) A.O. Smith, natural gas fired, domestic hot water heaters
one serves the kitchen and the other serves the science wing.
Controls
The buildings’ heating and cooling equipment are controlled by a Building Management System (BMS) .
Page 14
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Building Name: Gilmore Fisher Middle School
Address: 1325 Lower Ferry Road
Ewing, NJ 08618
Gross Floor Area: 152,751 sf
Year Built: 1950 (renovations in 1962, 1992, 2002)
# Occupants: 930 students, 100 staff members
Usage: The building is a school serving grades 6-8. It is operated M-F from 8:30am
until 3 pm for the students, and until midnight for staff and custodians.
The building is also open on Saturdays from 8 am until 4:30 pm. Closed
Sundays and holidays.
Construction Features:Facade: Two story, brick, in good condition
Roof Type: Flat, gray, wood deck, ballasted river rock, in good condition
Windows: Covering approximately 20% of façade, metal frame, dual pane, operable,
blinds, in excellent condition
Exterior Doors: Approximately 30, metal frame, single pane, in excellent condition
Page 15
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Major Mechanical Systems – Gilmore Fisher Middle SchoolAir Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems
Gilmore Fisher Middle School has constant volume air handling units (AHUs) that are equipped with chilled water coils
for cooling and hot water coils for heating. There are two packaged rooftop units that serve the offices and are
equipped with direct expansion (DX) coils for cooling . There are two (2) – heat recovery units (HRUs) rated for
approximately 4,000 CFM that serves the building. The perimeter spaces are served by unit ventilators (UV) , fan coil
units (FCU) and unit heaters (UH) and are equipped with chilled water coils and hot water coils for heating.
Approximately 15 exhaust fans, exhaust from areas including mechanical/boiler rooms, toilets, and offices.
Boilers
There are two (2) Cleaver Brooks, Fire-tube, natural gas fired, hot water boilers with 10,461 MBH capacity each.
These boilers operate in a lead lag sequence. The boilers are served by six pumps; two (2) 15-HP heating hot water
pumps that operate in a lead lag sequence and are equipped with a VFD that supplies hot water to the P&D wing;
one (1) 3-HP heating hot water pump that supplies hot water to the A wing of the school; one (1) 3-HP heating hot
water pump that supplies hot water to the Auditorium wing of the school; one (1) 7.5-HP heating hot water pump that
supplies hot water to the C wing of the school; and one (1) 5-HP heating hot water pump that supplies hot water to the
A and B wing of the school;
Chillers
The building has one (1) Trane – 450 ton air-cooled chiller. This chiller has 11 thermal ice storage tanks for off-peak
thermal ice storage. These chillers are served by two (2) 100-HP chilled water pumps that operate in a lead lag
sequence.
Domestic Hot Water
There is one (1) A.O. Smith , natural gas fired, domestic hot water heaters rated for 420 kbtuh.
Controls
The buildings’ heating and cooling equipment are controlled by a Building Management System (BMS) .
Page 16
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Building Name: Ryan Administration Building
Address: 1331 Lower Ferry Road
Ewing, NJ 08618
Gross Floor Area: 4,191 sf
Year Built: 1962
# Occupants: 15 staff members
Usage: The building houses administrative personnel that serve the school system.
It is operated M-F from 8 am until 4:30 pm; closed weekends and holidays.
Construction Features:Facade: Single story, brick, in good condition
Roof Type: Flat, gray, wood deck, built up, in good condition
Windows: Covering approximately 20% of façade, metal frame, single pane, operable,
blinds, in good condition
Exterior Doors: Approximately 3, metal frame, single pane, in good condition
Page 17
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Major Mechanical Systems – Ryan Administration BuildingAir Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems
Ryan Administration Building has constant volume split system units that are equipped with direct expansion (DX)
coils for cooling and hot water coils for heating; one is rated for 7.5 tons and the other is rated for15-tons. The
perimeter spaces are served by hot water fin-tube radiation coils for heating.
Boilers
There is one (1) Weil-McLain, Cast Iron sectional, natural gas fired, hot water boiler with a capacity of 718 MBH. The
boilers are served by two (2) 15-HP heating hot water pumps and operates in a lead lag sequence.
Domestic Hot Water
There are one (1) Bradford White, Electric, domestic hot water heaters rated for 1.5 kW. During the heating season,
domestic hot water is heated via a heat exchanger from the boiler.
Controls
The buildings’ heating and cooling equipment are controlled by a time clock and pneumatic based controls.
Page 18
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Building Name: Gusz Maintenance Building
Address: 220 Ewingville Road
Ewing, NJ 08618
Gross Floor Area: 71,571 sf
Year Built: 1958
# Occupants: 38 staff members
Usage: The building houses the transportation administration offices, buildings and
grounds personnel, an IT server, supplies, and some food service
equipment for the school system. It is operated M-F from 7 am until 3:30pm
and is closed weekends and holidays.
Construction Features:Facade: Single story, block, in good condition
Roof Type: Flat, black, metal deck, tar and river rock, built up, in good condition
Windows: Covering approximately 10% of façade, metal frame, single and dual pane,
operable, in fair condition
Exterior Doors: Approximately 3 metal doors, 2 aluminum garage bay doors, and 3 wood
garage bay doors, in fair condition
Page 19
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Major Mechanical Systems – Gusz Maintenance BuildingAir Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems
Gusz Maintenance Building has four (4) constant volume split system units that are equipped with direct expansion
(DX) coils for cooling, electric heating coil for heating and is rated for approximately 3-tons. There are three (3)
constant volume packaged rooftop units (RTU’s) that are equipped with direct expansion (DX) coils for cooling and
natural gas fired for heating, One RTU is rated for 4 tons and two are rated for 5 tons. The storage and garage spaces
are served by fan coil units (FCUs) equipped with hot water coils for heating.
Boilers
There is one (1) Weil-McLain, Cast Iron sectional natural gas fired hot water boiler with a capacity of 2,049 MBH. The
boilers are served by eight (8) 1/4-HP heating hot water pumps that suppliy hot water to the building.
Domestic Hot Water
There are one (1) AO Smith, natural gas fired, domestic hot water heater rated 120 kbtuh.
Controls
The buildings’ heating and cooling equipment are controlled manually by non-programmable thermostats.
Page 20
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Building Name: Francis Lore Elementary School
Address: 13 Westwood Drive
Ewing, NJ 08618
Gross Floor Area: 71,571 sf
Year Built: 1962 (renovations in 1992 and 2001)
# Occupants: 475 students, 72 staff members
Usage: The building is a school serving grades K-5. It is operated M-F from 7 am
until 3:40 pm for the students, and until 11 pm for staff and custodians.
Closed weekends and holidays.
Construction Features:Facade: Single story, brick, in good condition
Roof Type: Flat (with the exception of the gymnasium), gray and white, metal deck,
built up (white roofs are river rock and asphalt), in good condition
Windows: Covering approximately 20% of façade, metal frame, dual pane, operable,
blinds, in good condition
Exterior Doors: Approximately 20, fiberglass, dual pane, in good condition
Page 21
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Major Mechanical Systems – Francis Lore Elementary SchoolAir Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems
Francis Lore Elementary School has an air handling unit (AHU) that serves the cafeteria and is equipped with a hot
water coil for heating. There are packaged rooftop units that are equipped with direct expansion (DX) coils for cooling
and hot water coils for heating and serve classrooms and offices. There are two (2) constant volume split system units
that are equipped with direct expansion coils for cooling and hot water coils for heating; one is rated for 7.5 tons and
the other is rated for 15-tons. These supply conditioned air to the gym, library, computer room and classrooms. The
perimeter spaces are served by unit ventilators (UV’s) that are equipped with hot water coils for heating.
Approximately 17 exhaust fans, exhaust from areas including mechanical/boiler rooms, toilets, and offices.
Boilers
There are two (2) Cleaver Brooks natural gas fire-tube hot water boilers with each with a capacity of 2,511 MBH.
These boilers operate in a lead lag sequence. The boilers are served by four pumps; two (2) 3-HP heating hot water
pumps that operate in a lead lag sequence that supply hot water to the main section of the school and two (2) 1.5-HP
heating hot water pumps that operate in a lead lag sequence that supply hot water to the new addition of the school.
Domestic Hot Water
There is one (1) A.O. Smith, natural gas fired, domestic hot water heater rated for 199 kbtuh.
Controls
The building’s heating and cooling equipment are controlled by a Building Management System (BMS) .
Page 22
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Building Name: William Antheil Elementary School
Address: 339 Ewingville Road
Ewing, NJ 08618
Gross Floor Area: 111,938 sf
Year Built: 1959 (renovations in 1962 and 2002)
# Occupants: 700 students, 110 staff members
Usage: The building is a school serving grades PreK-5. It is operated M-F from
7 am until 11 pm, closed weekends and holidays.
Construction Features:Facade: Two story, brick, in good condition
Roof Type: Flat, gray, metal deck, asphalt and river rock, built up, in good condition
Windows: Covering approximately 20% of façade, metal frame, operable, dual pane,
blinds, in good condition
Exterior Doors: Metal frame, fiberglass, in good condition
Page 23
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Major Mechanical Systems – William Antheil Elementary SchoolAir Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems
William Antheil Elementary School has air handling units (AHUs) that supplies conditioned air to the gym, library,
cafeteria, multi-purpose room, auditorium and classrooms. These AHU’s have chilled water coils for cooling and hot
water coils for heating. There are three (3) packaged rooftop units that are equipped with direct expansion (DX) coils
for cooling and heating hot water coils for the office, child study and conference room. There is a make-up air unit
that supplies conditioned air to the kitchen and is equipped with a hot water coil for heating. The perimeter spaces are
served by unit ventilators (UV) and fan coil units (FCU) that are equipped with hot water coils for heating. The newer
science wing classrooms have variable volume boxes (VAV’s) that are equipped with chilled water for cooling and hot
water coils for heating. Approximately 32 exhaust fans exhaust from areas including mechanical/boiler rooms, toilets,
and offices.
Boilers
There are two (2) Hurst, fire-tube, natural gas fired, hot water boilers with 2,459 MBH capacity each. These boilers
operate in a lead lag sequence. The boilers are served by two (2) 10-HP heating hot water pumps that operate in a
lead lag sequence that supply hot water to the main section of the school.
Chillers
The building has (1) McQuay – 350 ton air-cooled chiller. These chillers operate in a lead lag sequence. These
chillers are served by two (2) 75-HP chilled water pumps that operate in a lead lag sequence. There are 5 thermal ice
storage tanks.
Domestic Hot Water
There is one (1) A.O. Smith, natural gas fired, domestic hot water heater rated for 420 kbtuh.
Controls
The buildings’ heating and cooling equipment are controlled by a Building Management System (BMS) .
Page 24
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Building Name: Parkway Elementary School
Address: 446 Parkway Avenue
Ewing, NJ 08618
Gross Floor Area: 67,419 sf
Year Built: 1992
# Occupants: 470 students, 80 staff members
Usage: The building is a school that serves grades K-5. It is operated M-F from
7 am until 6 pm; closed weekends and holidays.
Construction Features:Facade: Two story, brick, in good condition
Roof Type: Flat, white, metal deck, built up, in good condition
Windows: Covering approximately 20% of façade, metal frame, dual pane, blinds,
in good condition
Exterior Doors: Approximately 20, fiberglass, dual pane glass, in good condition
Page 25
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Facility Information
Major Mechanical Systems – Parkway Elementary SchoolAir Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems
Parkway Elementary School has air handling units (AHUs) that supply conditioned air to the building. These AHU’s
have chilled water coils for cooling and hot water coils for heating. The perimeter spaces are served by unit ventilators
(UV) that are equipped with chilled water coils for cooling and hot water coils for heating. Approximately 24 exhaust
fans exhaust from areas including mechanical/boiler rooms, toilets, and offices.
Boilers
There are two (2) Cleaver Brooks, fire-tube natural gas hot water boilers each with a capacity of 2,511 MBH. These
boilers operate in a lead lag sequence. The boilers are served by two (2) 20-HP heating hot water pumps that operate
in a lead lag sequence that supply hot water to the school.
Chillers
The building has (1) Trane– 270 ton air-cooled chiller. This chiller is served by two (2) 30-HP chilled water pumps that
operate in a lead lag sequence.
Domestic Hot Water
There is one (1) Teledyne Laars, natural gas direct fired, domestic hot water heater rated for 850 kbtuh that supplies
domestic hot water to a storage tank that has a capacity of approximately 300 gallons.
Controls
The buildings’ heating and cooling equipment are controlled by a Building Management System (BMS) .
Page 26
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction
Implementation of all identified ECMs will yield:
1,799,740 kilowatt-hours of annual avoided electric usage.
113,445 therms of annual avoided natural gas usage.
This equates to the following annual reductions:
1,252 tons of CO2;
-OR-
217 Cars removed from road;
-OR-
341 Acres of trees planted annually
The Energy Information Administration
(EIA) estimates that power plants in
the state of New Jersey emit s 0.666
lbs CO2 per kWh generated.
The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) estimates that one car emits
11,560 lbs CO2 per year.
The EPA estimates that reducing
CO2 emissions by 7,333 pounds
is equivalent to planting an acre of
trees.
Page 27
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) #1: Optimize Time Clock
A review of the building’s time clock revealed an opportunity to optimize the time of dayschedules.
Optimizing the schedules to better reflect actual building occupancy will reduce heatingand cooling costs.
For example, programming the HVAC equipment to turn off at 5 PM instead of Midnightwill result in approximately $3,000 annually in energy savings.
Administration Building: Time clock
Administration Building
Estimated Annual Savings: $3,000
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $200
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $200
Simple Payback (years): 0.1
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 8
Page 28
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #2: Time of Day Optimization
A review of the Building Management System (BMS) time of day schedules revealed anopportunity to significantly reduce HVAC operating hours and costs.
Many of the HVAC units currently operate from 5am to 11pm; however, the classrooms arenot occupied through that entire period of time. Optimizing the schedules to better reflectactual building occupancy hours will reduce heating and cooling conditioning costs,electrical motor costs and have no impact on the indoor air quality during the school days.
These savings can easily be achieved by adjusting the BMS time of day schedules.
Exhaust fan and toilet exhaust fan time of day savings is also included above.
PROPOSED BMS SCHEDULE High School Middle School Lore Elem. Antheil Elem. Parkway Elem.
Monday through Fri day Occupied Time 6:00 AM 6:30 AM 6:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM
Monday through Fri day Unoccupied Time 5:00 PM 5:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:30 PM 4:30 PM
Saturday Occupied Time - - - 6:00 AM -
Saturday Unoccupied Time - - - 12:00 PM -
Sunday Occupied Time - - - - -
Sunday Unoccupied Time - - - - -
Note: These schedules represent the general TOD schedules for the classroom areas within each school (Antheil Elementary schedule represent
gym TOD savings).
Page 30
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #2: Time of Day Optimization (continued)
HVAC equipment operating from 5am
to 11pm at Ewing High School.
Bathroom exhaust fans operating
from 4:30am to 11:00pm at Fisher
Middle School.
HVAC equipment operating from 12:05am to
11:55pm at Lore Elementary School.
Page 31
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #2: Time of Day (continued) Data Logger Temperature Trending
Temperature trending revealed that the RTU turned on during the weekend nightswhen the indoor temperature reached between 67.5-69°F. This could be the resultof inappropriate unoccupied temperature setpoints or time of day schedule.
Friday Saturday Sunday Monday
Page 32
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #3: Shutdown Chilled Water Pumps during Heating Season
The existing motors serving the Chilled Water pumps were on
during the site visits at the High School, which occurred during
the heating season.
Dome-Tech recommends shutting off the chilled water pump
motors.
High School – CHW Pumps On
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $4,370
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $540
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $540
Simple Payback (years): 0.1
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 9
Page 33
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #4: Programmable Thermostats
A review of the maintenance building showed that the rooftopunits were controlled by non-programmable thermostats.
Dome-Tech recommends replacing the non-programmablethermostats with programmable thermostats andimplementing temperature setback.
Installing programmable thermostats will provide scheduledtemperature control to prevent overheating and unnecessarycooling when the building is unoccupied.
Gusz Maint. Bldg.
Estimated Annual Savings: $3,390
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $300
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $300
Simple Payback (years): 0.1
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 2
Page 34
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #5: Air Handling Unit (AHU-1) Controls Upgrade
In the High School, AHU-1 located in the chiller room contains the
outside and return air dampers that are both fixed at 100% open.
Operating in this manner will increase heating and cooling
conditioning costs.
The root cause appears to be that the pneumatic controls no longer
function properly.
Dome-Tech recommends repairing or replacing the existing controls
to correct the issue.
Dome-Tech also recommends considering upgrading the system to
Direct Digital Controls (DDC) controls, which will improve reliability
and control of the unit. This is the only unit in the building that still
utilizes pneumatics.
Fixed 100% Open Damper
on AHU-1
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $2,670
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $400
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $400
Simple Payback (years): 0.1
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 13
Page 35
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #6: Shutdown Heating Hot Water Pumps
Two of the motors serving the HHW pumps to the Science
Wing were on during the site visits at the High school.
According to design specifications, only one is required to run
at a time.
Dome-Tech recommends shutting off one of the heating hot
water pump motors that serves the science wing.High School – Two HHW
Pumps On
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $1,200
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $540
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $540
Simple Payback (years): 0.5
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 3
Page 36
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #7: Optimize Domestic Hot Water Systems
The domestic hot water available to building population andkitchen needs are heated by an indirect natural gas firedwater heater with storage tank
Operational Savings:
This system is set to provide domestic hot water at140 F. There is a dedicated domestic hot water heaterserving the kitchen and requires temperatures above120 F but the rest of the systems should not requirethe elevated temperatures. Energy savings can beachieved by adjusting the controls of these heaters toreduce the storage temperature requirements.
Picture: High School Hot Water Storage Tank
Picture: High School Hot Water
Thermostat set for 140 F
High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $100
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $50
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $50
Simple Payback (years): 0.5
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 0
Page 37
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #8: CO2 Sensors out of Calibration
In the High School the RTUs serving the classrooms
control the outside air intake based upon the CO2 level
generated by the occupants within the space.
Dome-Tech identified four units (RTU 131, 136, 207,
Wrestling) whose sensors are reading much higher
values than Dome-Tech measured in the field.
This scenario is causing the outside air dampers to
open unnecessarily, allowing cold outside air to enter
the unit thus causing it to utilize more heating energy to
warm up the supply air.
Dome-Tech recommends recalibrating or replacing the
sensors to ensure the demand control ventilation
sequence is operating properly. BMS Screenshot of RTU 131
Excessive Outside Air
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $1,580
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $800
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $800
Simple Payback (years): 0.5
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 7
Page 38
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #8: CO2 Sensors out of Calibration (continued)
Picture of CO2 measurement in Room 131
Roof Top UnitBMS CO2
Reading
Measured
CO2 Reading
RTU Room 131 1500 999
RTU Room 136 1430 766
RTU Room 207 2000 720
RTU Wrestling 1200 872
Page 39
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #9: Optimize and Standardize the Space Temperature Setpoints
In the High School, the BMS space temperature
setpoints were all set to approximately 72°F,
however, the local thermostats in each space are
actually controlling the space temperature as
revealed by a functional test of RTU C-139.
18 RTUs and 6 fan coil units were identified through
a BMS review to be overheating their associated
spaces, thus unnecessarily increasing HVAC
conditioning costs.
The BMS screenshot of RTU 129 shows at BMS
temperature setpoint of 69°F, however, due to the
local thermostat setpoint of 86°F the RTU is still in
heating mode with the space temperature at 74.5°F.
Dome-Tech recommends locking out the local
thermostats and operating with the BMS setpoints. BMS Screenshot of RTU 129
Local thermostat controlling the room temperature
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $9,020
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $5,570
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $5,570
Simple Payback (years): 0.6
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 41
Page 40
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #9: Setpoint Optimization (continued)
BMS RTU Tag # BMS setpointLocal thermostat
setpointBMS FCU Tag # BMS setpoint
Local thermostat
setpoint
RTU C-139 72 86.6 FCU-A122 74 80.9
RTU 129 72 86.5 FCU-Rm106 72 82.6
RTU 217 70 85.1 FC-RM109 73 86.1
RTU 213 71 82.8 FCU-A124 72 85.8
RTU 211 70 86.2 FCU-Rm 102 72 86.3
RTU 209 72 85.9 FCU-Rm 105 71 78.5
RTU 208 68 92.2
RTU 206 72 83.4
RTU 205 72 85.1
RTU 202 72 79.4
RTU 200B 75 85.9
RTU 200A 75 85.9
RTU Math 72 79.5
RTU C140 71 81.7
RTU-Wdshp C-141 73 86.3
RTU 134 67 79.4
RTU 129 69 86.3
RTU 200B 75 85.9
BMS vs. Local Thermostat Setpoints
Page 41
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #10: Vending Machine Power Management
Dome-Tech recommends installing a vending machine power
management device on all vending machines.
The device uses a passive infrared sensor to power down the machine
when the area surrounding it is vacant. Then it monitors the room’s
temperature and automatically re-powers the cooling system at one- to
three-hour intervals, independent of sales, to ensure that the product
stays cold.
The microcontroller will never power down the machine while the
compressor is running, eliminating compressor short-cycling. In
addition, when the machine is powered up, the cooling cycle is allowed
to finish before again powering down (reduces compressor wear and
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $1,600 $2,230 $15,830
Simple Payback (years): 1.0 0.7 1.8 0.8 3.0 1.1
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions
(tons): 12 14 11 5 2 44
A review of the BMS time of day schedules revealed that no holiday schedulesare programmed.
Unless each facility already manually shuts down all the HVAC equipment, theyare operating unnecessarily during school holidays. This increases HVACconditioning costs as well as electrical motor operating costs.
These savings can easily be achieved by programming the BMS holidayschedules to unoccupied mode and applying it to holidays in the BMS.
Page 43
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #12: Install Insulation for Feed-water Tank
The feed-water tank at the High School is not insulated .
Insulating the tank reduces heat loss due to convection and radiation and saves
heating fuel.
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $310
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $360
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $360
Simple Payback (years): 1.2
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 2
Page 44
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #13: Install Door Closer
The perimeter doors at the High School andAntheil Elementary School have broken doorclosers that allow infiltration to enter conditionedareas causing an unnecessary increase in theheating, cooling and dehumidification load.
Dome-Tech recommends replacing all broken doorclosers on perimeter doors.
Energy savings will be realized by the reduction ofhot and cold outside air that the buildings’ HVACequipment must condition to room temperature.
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #14: Disable Air Cooled Chiller during Heating Season
The existing air cooled chiller was observed to berunning during the heating season.
Dome-Tech recommends disabling the chiller duringthe winter months and have the air handling unitsoperate in an economizer mode.
Picture: High School Air Cooled Chiller
Running during heating season
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $1,300
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $3,200
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $3,200
Simple Payback (years): 2.5
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 3
Page 46
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #15: Heat Pump Upgrade
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $3,900
Gross Estimated Implementation Costs: $139,260
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $7,150
Avoided Cost (Like and Kind Replacement):* $119,660
Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $12,450
Simple Payback (years): (Incremental and
without Avoided Costs)3.2 (33.9)
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 8
The existing 1-4 ton, 8 SEER Split Heat Pump Units(HP’s) are past their estimated equipment service life(EESL) per ASHRAE standards. (The EESL for airhandling units is 15 years.)
Replacing these HP’s with new, higher efficiency and fullycontrolled units will reduce annual energy costs.
New Jersey SmartStart offers rebates of $67 per ton for installing heat pump systems with SEERs greater than 14 under its prescriptive rebate.
Picture: High School Split System
Heat Pump AC Unit
* Note: Avoided Cost = Cost of Like and Kind replacement. Payback is based on incremental cost.
Page 47
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #16: Install Timers on Domestic Hot Water Heaters
Electric domestic hot water (DHW) heaters are enabled 24/7 during the cooling season.
There is minimal call for hot water at night.
The electric water heaters should have timers installed.
Note that this ECM is mutually exclusive with other DHW-related ECMs.
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #17: Replace Boilers with High Efficiency Modulating Condensing Boilers
The High School is equipped with a natural gas fired-tube steam boiler. Fisher Middle School, LoreElementary School and Parkway Elementary School are equipped with a natural gas fired-tube hotwater boilers. The Administration and Maintenance Buildings are equipped with cast iron sectionalboilers.
For the most part, these boilers are old and are nearing the end of the equipment service life (ASHRAEstates the service life of similar equipment to be 25 years).
The ages, sizes, types and configurations of the boilers do not lend themselves to efficient operation.Generally, as boilers approach the end of their service life, the efficiency degrades and the boiler mustconsume more fuel in order to produce the same rated output. In addition, there is a direct correlationbetween risk of equipment failure (tube breaks & meltdown, shell cracks, furnace surface area failure)and equipment age.
If the existing boilers could be replaced by high efficiency, modulating or modular condensing boilers,savings will be realized in two ways. Modulating boilers, usually 1,000 MBH or smaller, employ multiple burners to meet the heating load. Each burner
operates independently, eliminating the “all on/all off” operation of single burner boilers. As building loadincreases only those burners necessary to meet the load are fired. This allows each burner to run at optimalefficiency. Modular boilers operate under the same principal but for larger installations. In this case multipleboilers are used rather than multiple burners. Modular boilers usually are employed in 1000, 2000 or 3000 MBHsizes.
Condensing boilers recover energy from the exhaust gas thus allowing high efficiencies of 90% and above.
When a boiler is both a modulating/modular type and a condensing type, extremely high efficienciescan be realized.
Picture: Old Cast Iron Sectional
Boiler Administration BuildingPicture: High School Old Fire-
Tube BoilerPage 49
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
The high first cost of a new boiler system may preclude this ECM from being justified by economicsalone at some of the facilities. The ECM table details the economics at each site. However, reliabilityissues warrant consideration of these projects as part of a long-term capital improvement plan.
NOTE: The presented economics should be used for planning purposes only. If the client decides to proceed with any boiler replacement project,
these economics should be refined with an investment grade analysis.
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #18: Replace Aging Air Cooled Chiller with High Efficiency Unit
The existing air cooled chiller is approximately 15 years old.It has approached its estimated equipment service life(EESL) per ASHRAE standards. (The EESL for an aircooled chiller is 15 years.)
When replacing the air cooled chiller, Ewing BOE shouldconsider upgrading to a higher efficiency units, which willsignificantly reduce annual energy and maintenance costs.
New Jersey SmartStart offers rebates that usually pay forthe incremental cost to upgrade to higher efficient units.
Energy Efficiency Ratios*
*Energy Efficiency Ratios: EER is the
rating of cooling output (Btu) divided by the
electrical energy input (watts). The higher
the EER, the more efficient the unit.
Unit Capacity (tons) Existing Proposed
100 9.7 10.6
Picture: Antheil Elementary School Air
Cooled Chiller
Ewing High School
Estimated Annual Savings: $1,400
Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $123,060
NJ Smart Start Rebate: $3,120
Avoided Costs (Like in Kind): $114,060
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $5,880
Simple Payback (years): (Incremental and
without Avoided Costs)4.2 (85.7)
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 3
Page 51
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #19: Rooftop Unit (RTU) Replacement
The High School, Fisher Middle School, AdministrationBuilding, Lore Elementary School, and Antheil ElementarySchool were observed to have rooftop units (RTUs) between15-25 years old and nearing their estimated end of equipmentservice life (EESL) per ASHRAE standards. (The EESL forpackage rooftop units is 15 years.)
Replacing these RTU’s with new, higher efficiency units willsignificantly reduce annual energy and maintenance costs.
New Jersey SmartStart offers rebates that usually pay for theincremental cost to upgrade to higher efficient units.
Energy Efficiency Ratios*
High School Rooftop Unit
*Energy Efficiency Ratios:
EER is the rating of
cooling output (Btu)
divided by the electrical
energy input (watts). The
higher the EER, the more
efficient the unit.
*Savings do not include maintenance savings.
Unit Capacity (tons) Standard Proposed
5 13 14.3
10 10.1 12.3
Page 52
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #19: Rooftop Unit (RTU) Replacement (Continued)
Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $1,960 $550 $2,510
Simple Payback (years): 5.6 5.5 5.6
Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 2 0 2
Page 56
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #23: Lighting Upgrade
Although most of the current light fixtures have higher efficiency T-8 fluorescent lamps and ballasts, improved light fixture designs will further reduce lighting energy costs by reducing the total number of lamps and by replacing fixtures while maintaining the minimum lighting output as per state codes. The gym’s have older technology HID lighting and should be retrofitted with High Output T5 fixtures.
Many areas were observed to have lights on regardless of occupancy. Installing occupancy sensors in these areas will automatically turn lights on/off according to actual occupancy by sensing the presence of people in the room. Occupancy sensors will reduce lighting energy costs by approximately 30%*.
*Source: Turner, Wayne, Energy Management Handbook, 1999.
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
ECM #25: Replace Window AC Unit
Window air conditioning units that are installed at theAdministration Building provides localized air conditioning forsmall private offices and storage areas. The units are in poorphysical condition, and inefficient compared to today’sstandards.
Dome-Tech recommends replacing these units with a new,higher efficiency unit.
New 10.5 SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating) unitsare estimated to be at least 14% more efficient at full/partloads than the existing equipment.
Recommendation: Planned maintenance, functional checks and inspections on
exhaust fans and rooftop units
Fisher Middle School
Approximately $50 annual savings expected O&M savings from this measure
Fisher Middle School – Loose Fan Belt
Page 69
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Operations & Maintenance
William Antheil Elementary School
Issue: Thermal Ice Storage not used
Impact: William Antheil has the ability to use the thermal ice storage and reduce their
peak demand loads. By curtailing the load, Antheil Elementary School will make ice
during off peak hours. As a result, this will lower the summer peak demand charges and
lowering monthly utility bills
Recommendation: Run the thermal ice storage during off-peak hours. Have the thermal
ice storage properly commissioned. The operations staff should be properly trained on
using the thermal ice storage system. If Ewing BOE is interested in curtailing the peak
load, Dome-Tech recommends further trending, analysis and an economic dispatch
model to be performed.
William Antheil Elementary School – Thermal
Ice Storage
Page 70
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures
Distributed Generation & Renewable Energy
Distributed Generation (on-site generation) generates electricity from many small energy sources. These sources can be renewable (solar/wind/geothermal) or can be small scale power generation technologies (CHP, fuel cells, microturbines)
Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources (sunlight, wind, and underground geothermal heat) which are naturally replenished
Photovoltaic's (solar) are particularly popular in Germany and Spain and growing in popularity in the U.S.
Wind power is growing as well, mostly in Europe and the U.S.
Page 71
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Wind
Wind turbines generate electricity by harnessing a wind stream's kinetic energy as it spins the turbine airfoils. As with most renewable energy sources, wind
energy is subject to intermittent performance due to the unpredictability of wind resources.
Ewing Township Wind Speed
As previously stated, wind speed is critical to the successful wind turbine installation. According to average wind data from NASA’s Surface Meteorology and
Solar Energy records, the average annual wind speed for the Ewing area is 4.6 meters per second. Ideal wind speeds for a successful project should
average over 6 meters per second.
For Ewing Township, Dome-Tech considered three (3) types of wind turbine technologies; building integrated wind turbines (1 kW each) and traditional
ground mounted wind turbines (5 kW & 50 kW).
Building Integrated Wind Turbines
Model: AeroVironment AVX1000
Height: 8.5’
Rotor Diameter: 6’
Weight: 130 lbs.
Cut-In Wind Speed: 2.2 m/s
Maximum Generating Capacity: 1 kW
5 kW Ground Mount
Model: WES5 Tulipo
Height: 40’
Rotor Diameter: 16’
Weight: 1,900 lbs.
Cut-In Wind Speed: 3.0 m/s
Maximum Generating Capacity: 5.2 kW
50 kW Ground Mount
Model: Entegrity EW50
Height: 102’
Rotor Diameter: 50’
Weight: 21,000 lbs.
Cut-In Wind Speed: 4.0 m/s
Maximum Generating Capacity: 50 kW
Page 72
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Wind
Wind Turbine Pros & Cons
Pros Cons
Annual reduction in energy
spend and use can be
potentially reduced by almost
$22,743 (69% reduction).
Typical equipment life span is
15-30 years.
Reduction of annual
greenhouse gas emissions by
126 tons per year.
A wind turbine project could
be incorporated into science
and other curriculums to raise
student awareness of energy
alternatives.
High visible “green” project.
Payback period is significant
(over 10 years).
Average area wind speed is
not ideal and impacts
performance.
Prone to lighting strikes.
Bird collisions are likely, but
may be reduced with avian
guard (building integrate only).
Zoning may be an issue.
Check with local zoning
regulations.
Wind turbines do create
noise, although below 50 dB (a
typical car ride is over 80 dB).
The project economics and wind turbine pros and cons are presented in the following tables:
Net Installation Cost Estimate $75,971 $13,161 $129,964
Annual Energy Savings $3,205 $2,277 $22,743
Simple Payback 23.7 yrs. 5.8 yrs. 5.7 yrs.
System Capacity 20 kW 10 kW 50 kW
Annual Avoided Energy Use 21,658 kWh 15,387 kWh 153,672 kWh
Annual CO2 Emmisions, Therms 8 5 54
% of Annual Electric Use* 9.7% 6.9% 69.0%
Maintenance Building: 222640 kWh/Year.
Ewing Township is not an ideal location for wind power but should the district decide to pursue a wind
turbine project, Dome-Tech recommends commissioning a more detailed study.
Page 73
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Photovoltaic
Sunlight can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic's (PV).
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity.
Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by semiconducting materials, such as silicon. Electrons are knocked loose from their atoms, allowing them to flow through the material to produce electricity.
Solar cells are often electrically connected and encapsulated as a module, in series, creating an additive voltage. The modules are connected in an array. The power output of an array is measured in watts or kilowatts, and typical energy needs are measured in kilowatt-hours.
Can be recommended in this application for placement on additional schools / areas.
Page 74
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Photovoltaic
System Capacity, kw-dc (maximum utilization of roof space) 88 kw dc
Estimated Annual AC Energy Produced by Proposed Solar PV System 92,992 kwh
Total Annual Facility Electric Use, kwhrs 2,301,619 kwh
Proposed % of Total Annual kWh supplied by Solar PV 4%
All-In Rate for Electric Year 1 $0.156 / kwh
Year 1 Electric Cost Savings $14,507
Year 1 Maintenance Costs $1,765
Estimated Year 1 SREC Value: $599 / SREC
Estimated Year 1 SREC Revenue: $55,696
Actual Payback 8.6 years
IRR (25 Years) 9.3%
Net Present Value (25 yrs, 8% discount rate) $46,643
Cost per kW installed $6,000
System Installed Cost $529,368
Install Roof Mount Solar Photovoltaic System(s)
Ewing Board of Education - Ewing High School
Assumptions
Financial Results
Cost and Rebate
Page 75
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Photovoltaic
System Capacity, kw-dc (maximum utilization of roof space) 270 kw dc
Estimated Annual AC Energy Produced by Proposed Solar PV System 284,407 kwh
Total Annual Facility Electric Use, kwhrs 1,671,019 kwh
Proposed % of Total Annual kWh supplied by Solar PV 17%
All-In Rate for Electric Year 1 $0.160 / kwh
Year 1 Electric Cost Savings $45,530
Year 1 Maintenance Costs $5,397
Estimated Year 1 SREC Value: $599 / SREC
Estimated Year 1 SREC Revenue: $170,340
Actual Payback 8.5 years
IRR (25 Years) 9.4%
Net Present Value (25 yrs, 8% discount rate) $159,586
Cost per kW installed $6,000
System Installed Cost $1,619,016
Install Roof Mount Solar Photovoltaic System(s)
Ewing Board of Education - Ewing Middle School
Assumptions
Cost and Rebate
Page 76
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Photovoltaic
System Capacity, kw-dc (maximum utilization of roof space) 169 kw dc
Estimated Annual AC Energy Produced by Proposed Solar PV System 178,179 kwh
Total Annual Facility Electric Use, kwhrs 1,166,308 kwh
Proposed % of Total Annual kWh supplied by Solar PV 15%
All-In Rate for Electric Year 1 $0.161 / kwh
Year 1 Electric Cost Savings $28,628
Year 1 Maintenance Costs $3,381
Estimated Year 1 SREC Value: $599 / SREC
Estimated Year 1 SREC Revenue: $106,717
Actual Payback 8.5 years
IRR (25 Years) 9.5%
Net Present Value (25 yrs, 8% discount rate) $101,495
Cost per kW installed $6,000
System Installed Cost $1,014,300
Install Roof Mount Solar Photovoltaic System(s)
Ewing Board of Education - Antheil Elementary School
Assumptions
Financial Results
Cost and Rebate
Page 77
Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Photovoltaic
System Capacity, kw-dc (maximum utilization of roof space) 111 kw dc
Estimated Annual AC Energy Produced by Proposed Solar PV System 116,580 kwh
Total Annual Facility Electric Use, kwhrs 653,400 kwh
Proposed % of Total Annual kWh supplied by Solar PV 18%
All-In Rate for Electric Year 1 $0.160 / kwh
Year 1 Electric Cost Savings $18,626
Year 1 Maintenance Costs $2,212
Estimated Year 1 SREC Value: $599 / SREC
Estimated Year 1 SREC Revenue: $69,823
Actual Payback 8.5 years
IRR (25 Years) 9.4%
Net Present Value (25 yrs, 8% discount rate) $64,873
Cost per kW installed $6,000
System Installed Cost $663,642
Install Roof Mount Solar Photovoltaic System(s)
Ewing Board of Education - Lore Elementary School
Assumptions
Financial Results
Cost and Rebate
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Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Photovoltaic
System Capacity, kw-dc (maximum utilization of roof space) 92 kw dc
Estimated Annual AC Energy Produced by Proposed Solar PV System 96,726 kwh
Total Annual Facility Electric Use, kwhrs 835,600 kwh
Proposed % of Total Annual kWh supplied by Solar PV 12%
All-In Rate for Electric Year 1 $0.159 / kwh
Year 1 Electric Cost Savings $15,341
Year 1 Maintenance Costs $1,835
Estimated Year 1 SREC Value: $599 / SREC
Estimated Year 1 SREC Revenue: $57,932
Actual Payback 8.6 years
IRR (25 Years) 9.4%
Net Present Value (25 yrs, 8% discount rate) $52,184
Cost per kW installed $6,000
System Installed Cost $550,620
Install Roof Mount Solar Photovoltaic System(s)
Ewing Board of Education - Parkway Elementary School
Assumptions
Financial Results
Cost and Rebate
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Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Photovoltaic
System Capacity, kw-dc (maximum utilization of roof space) 88 kw dc
Estimated Annual AC Energy Produced by Proposed Solar PV System 92,823 kwh
Total Annual Facility Electric Use, kwhrs 222,640 kwh
Proposed % of Total Annual kWh supplied by Solar PV 42%
All-In Rate for Electric Year 1 $0.148 / kwh
Year 1 Electric Cost Savings $13,730
Year 1 Maintenance Costs $1,761
Estimated Year 1 SREC Value: $599 / SREC
Estimated Year 1 SREC Revenue: $55,594
Actual Payback 8.7 years
IRR (25 Years) 9.0%
Net Present Value (25 yrs, 8% discount rate) $35,630
Cost per kW installed $6,000
System Installed Cost $528,402
Install Roof Mount Solar Photovoltaic System(s)
Ewing Board of Education - Maintenance Building
Assumptions
Cost and Rebate
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Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Solar Photo Voltaic System
Non-Financial Benefits of Solar PV The implementation of solar PV projects at
Ewing School District would place your
facilities at the forefront of renewable energy
utilization. This allows the district the
opportunity to not only gain experience with
this energy technology, but also to win
recognition as an environmentally sensitive,
socially conscience institution. Additionally,
these projects could be incorporated into
science education and additional curriculums
to raise awareness of current energy
alternatives to the younger generations.
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Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Renewable Energy Technologies: CHP/Cogeneration
CHP (combined heat and power) or cogeneration is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.
Fuel Cells are electrochemical conversion devices that operate by catalysis, separation the protons and the electrons of the reactant fuel, and forcing the electrons to travel through a circuit to produce electricity. The catalyst is typically a platinum group metal or alloy. Another catalytic process takes the electrons back in, combining them with the protons and oxidant, producing waste products (usually water and carbon dioxide).
Microturbines are rotary engines that extract energy from a flow of combustion gas. They can be used with absorption chillers to provide cooling through waste heat rather than electricity. Microturbines are
best suited for facilities with year-round thermal and/or cooling loads.
Not recommended for Ewing Board of Education due to the lack of thermal requirements in the summertime.
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Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Utility Tariff and Rate Review: Electricity
Accounts and Rate Class: Ewing Township School District has seven facilities with nine
electric accounts with service behind Public Service Electric and Gas Company under rate
classes Large Power and Lighting Service-Secondary (LPLS) , General Lighting and Power
Service (GLP).
Electric Consumption and Cost: Based on the one-year period studied, the total annual
electric expenditure for the District is about $1,094,000 and the total annual consumption is
about 6,911,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Average/Effective Rate per kWh: For the one year period studied, the BOE’s average
monthly cost per kilowatt-hour ranged from 14.79 ¢/kWh to 17.43 ¢/kWh, inclusive of utility
delivery charges. The District’s overall, average cost per kilowatt-hour during this period was
15.84 ¢/kWh.
o Note that these average electric rates are “all–inclusive”; that is, they include all supply service
(generation and commodity-related) charges, as well as all delivery service charges. The supply
service charges typically represent the majority (60-80%) of the total monthly bill. It is the supply
portion of your bill that is deregulated, which is discussed on subsequent slides in this section.
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Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Utility Tariff and Rate Review: Natural Gas
Accounts and Rate Class: Ewing Township School District has seven facilities with nine
natural gas accounts with service behind Public Service Electric and Gas Company under
rate classes Large Volume Service (LVG) and General Service (GSG).
Natural Gas Consumption and Cost: Based on the one-year period studied, the total
annual natural gas expenditure for the District is about $363,000 and the total annual
consumption is about 342,000 therms (th). Natural gas is used predominantly throughout the
winter period for heating purposes.
Average/Effective Rate per Therm: For the one year period studied, the District’s overall,
average cost per therm during this period was $1.061 per therm.
o Note that these average natural gas rates are “all–inclusive”; that is, they include all supply service
(interstate transportation and commodity-related) charges, as well as all delivery service charges. The
supply service charges typically represent the majority (60-80%) of the total monthly bill. It is the supply
portion of your bill that is deregulated, which is discussed on subsequent slides in this section.
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Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Utility Deregulation in New Jersey: Background and Retail Energy Purchasing
In August 2003, per the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act [N.J.S.A 48:3-49], the
State of New Jersey deregulated its electric marketplace thus making it possible for customers
to shop for a third-party (someone other than the utility) supplier of retail electricity.
Per this process, every single electric account for every customer in New Jersey was placed
into one of two categories: BGS-FP or BGS-CIEP. BGS-FP stands for Basic Generation
Service-Fixed Price; BGS-CIEP stands for Basic Generation Service-Commercial and
Industrial Energy Pricing.
At its first pass, this categorization of accounts was based on rate class. The largest electric
accounts in the State (those served under a Primary or a Transmission-level rate class) were
moved into BGS-CIEP pricing. All other accounts (the vast majority of accounts in the State of
New Jersey, including residential) were placed in the BGS-FP category, receiving default
electric supply service from the utility.
The New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU) has continued to move new large energy
users from the BGS-FP category into the BGS-CIEP category by lowering the demand (kW)
threshold for electric accounts receiving Secondary service. Several years ago, this threshold
started at 1,500kW; now, it has come down to 1,000 kW. So, if an account’s “peak load share”
(as assigned by the utility) is less than 1,000 kW, then that facility/account is in the BGS-FP
category. If you are unsure, you may contact Dome-tech for assistance.
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Ewing Township Board of Education, Ewing ,NJ FINAL Energy Audit Report, March 2011
Utility Deregulation in New Jersey: Background and Retail Energy Purchasing (cont.)
There are at least 3 important differentiating factors to note about each rate category:
1. The rate structure for BGS-FP accounts and for BGS-CIEP accounts varies.
2. The “do-nothing” option (i.e., what happens when you don’t shop for retail energy) varies.
3. The decision about whether, and why, to shop for a retail provider varies.
Secondary (small to medium) Electric Accounts:
o BGS-FP rate schedules for all utilities are set, and re-set, each year. Per the results of our State’s BGS
Auction process, held each February, new utility default rates go into effect every year on June 1st. The
BGS-FP rates become each customer’s default rates, and they dictate a customer’s “Price to Compare”
(benchmark) for shopping purposes. To learn more about the BGS Auction process, please go to
www.bgs-auction.com.
o A customer’s decision about whether to buy energy from a retail energy supplier is, therefore, dependent
upon whether a supplier can offer rates that are lower than the utility’s (default) Price to Compare. In
2009, and for the first time in several years, many BGS-FP customers have “switched” from the utility to
a retail energy supplier because there have been savings. This may be the same case in 2010.
Primary (large) Electric Accounts:
o The BGS-CIEP category is quite different. There are two main features to note about BGS-CIEP
accounts that do not switch to a retail supplier for service. The first is that they pay an hourly market
rate for energy; the second is that these accounts also pay a “retail margin adder” of $0.0053/kWh. For
these large accounts, this retail adder can amount to tens of thousands of dollars. The adder is
eliminated when a customer switches to a retail supplier for service.
o For BGS-CIEP accounts, the retail adder makes a customer’s decision about whether to switch
relatively simple. However, the process of setting forth a buying strategy can be complex, which is why
many public entities seek professional assistance when shopping for energy.
o For more information concerning hourly electric market prices for our region, please refer to
Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs) – For Renewable Energy ProjectsFederal Loan Program for Solar Thermal Electric, Photovoltaic's, Landfill Gas, Wind, Biomass,
Hydroelectric, Geothermal Electric, Municipal Solid Waste, Hydrokinetic Power, Anaerobic Digestion,
Tidal Energy, Wave Energy, Ocean Thermal
http://www.irs.gov/irb/2007-14_IRB/ar17.html
Renewable funding for PV & wind, plus federal credits currently available: http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/renewable-energy-incentive-