Energy

The internet of Energy

Internet evolution• Web 1.0

– Push model, centralized information pushed to destinations. AOL and Yahoo. Email on a point to point basis. Static content

• Web 2.0– User interaction, two way model. Content dynamically updated by users – Social networking dominated. Point to multi pont, user generated

content, push and pull models, Customize-able content and filters• Web 3.0

– TV-quality open video, location aware, 3D simulations, augmented reality, human-constructed semantic standards, and pervasive broadband, wireless, and sensors. Web 3.0's early geosocial (Foursquare, etc.) and augmented reality (Layar, etc.) webs are an extension of Web 2.0's participatory technologies and social networks (Facebook, etc.) into 3D space.

Reference: Wikipedia, 2012

Off grid

Off grid

Off grid-extreme

Home energy management

NEST

Home co-generation system

Bloom box

Built with patented solid oxide fuel cell technology, Bloom's Energy Server™ is a new class of distributed power generator, producing clean, reliable, affordable electricity at the customer site.

Vehicle to grid technology

Electric vehicles-Tesla motors

Electric vehicles-Enertia

Better Place-Israel

Level 3 charging stations

Driverless cars

Approved for licensing in the State of California

E-energy initiative• The purpose of the E-Energy model projects is to develop an

"Internet of Energy" which monitors, controls and regulates the electricity system intelligently.

• An Internet of Energy interconnects the numerous stakeholders in the energy system, ranging from power generation and transportation companies to stakeholders in power distribution and consumption.

• This results in an integrated data and power network featuring completely new structures and functions. For instance, smart electricity meters known as "Smart Gateways" connect private households with energy providers, thus permitting a continuous bidirectional comparison of the electricity supply and demand.

• In this way, the consumer becomes an active market participant. German Federal Government , Federal Ministries of Economics and technologies

Smart grid as a platform

• Vision:– By 2030, the power grid has evolved into an intelligent

energy delivery system that supports plug-and-play integration of dispatch-able and intermittent low-carbon energy sources, and provides a platform for consumer engagement in load management, national energy independence, innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic security.

– This smart grid supports the best and most secure electric services available in the world and connects everyone to abundant, affordable, high quality, environmentally conscious, efficient, and reliable electric power.

U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability: Smartgrid RandD report, Sep 2011

Technology foundations• Foundational/crosscutting requirements for achieving this vision include:

– High-speed, secure, broadband communications backbone(s) for two-way information flow through smart meters, comparable gateway devices, and electric infrastructure.

– Standards for end-to-end cyber security protection, interoperability, and worker safety, education, and training.

• Furthermore, the smart grid infrastructure will include: – Automated distribution systems and modeling for wide area visibility, outage

prevention, and accelerated restoration and optimization. – Automated customer systems for smart appliances and buildings capable of DR and

maintenance for increased efficiency. – Mechanisms for electricity cost and price transparency at wholesale and retail levels

for widespread use of dynamic and appropriate pricing and DR. – High penetration of distributed and renewable resources, including local voltage

regulation and energy storage for addressing intermittent sources.

U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability: Smartgrid RandD report, Sep 2011

Com Ed: My energy tools

Honda Civic GX

Utilizing renewable energy sources through electric mobility

The networking of the various stakeholders on the energy market as envisaged by E-Energy opens up possibilities for major advances, especially in the field of electric mobility. Electricity will play a tremendously important role in road traffic in the future, as fossil fuel reserves continue to dwindle.

For example, an Internet-based incentive and marketing system could offer battery-powered electric cars the option of purchasing electricity less expensively whenever large volumes of electricity are available at non-peak times.

Indeed, a sizeable number of electric cars combined could then act as the equivalent of a large electrical accumulator in the "Internet of Energy", temporarily covering peak load demands.

Internet of energy-IEEE

Smart grid vision

• Thanks to this choice, the currently available standards will soon converge into a full body of specifications for the operation of wireless networks of tiny embedded objects. This will foster their application to smart grids and their integration within the Internet.

• Our solution, based on standard technologies expected to become common, has been implemented and tested on very limited and cheap devices, and proved to be suitable for the requirements of a future widespread and highly participated smart grid

IEEE Network, August 2012

US Wind energy is growing dramatically

• The growth of wind energy production and component manufacturing, which would not have happened without the PTC, has been an American success story.

• The U.S. wind industry hit 50,000 MW of cumulative wind capacity in August 2012, which is enough capacity to power the equivalent of 13 million homes.

• Wind power attracts over $15 billion in private investment in the U.S. per year. • There are 75,000 wind industry jobs in the United States. • The wind industry has been critical in promoting economic development in rural areas, and supports

communities across the nation with more than $400 million in annual lease payments to land owners and property taxes.

• Landowners can realize lease payments of up to $120,000 over a twenty-year period for each wind turbine installed on their property.

• There are 472 facilities that manufacture components for wind turbines in 44 states. • The average turbine installed in the U.S. now has a domestic content of 67% compared to around

25% in 2005. • Forty percent of Congressional members now have wind installed in their districts or states. • Wind is a clean source of energy that has virtually no pollution properties – each year over 20 billion

gallons of water are saved that otherwise would have been used by conventional power plants.

Wind energy is competitive• Wind energy is becoming more cost-competitive and is lowering energy costs for

Americans. • Since 1980, the price of wind power has dropped 90%, benefiting utilities and

consumers. • A January 2012 study from the DOE’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory shows

that it costs between 24 and 39 percent less to produce wind energy on a per‐kilowatt hour basis today than it did in 2002 2003. ‐ ‐

• Wind power provides long term stability by allowing utilities to lock in prices for ‐twenty to thirty years and insulating utilities and their ratepayers from volatile fossil fuel price shifts. Wind offers the same peace of mind a fixed rate mortgage gives homeowners.

• Regions of the country that have experienced significant growth in wind energy over the last several years have also seen significant declines in wholesale power prices, according to Wall Street analysis firm Bernstein Research.

• A study from Charles River Associates examined the impact of building 14 gigawatts of wind power and the associated needed transmission in the Lower Plains.

Impact of PTC

• The conclusion: • The investment would provide economic

benefits of around $2 billion per year. $900 million of these benefits would be in the form of direct consumer savings on electric bills.

• A Synapse Energy Economics study from this year found that wind reduces overall energy costs for consumers, saving households $63 to $147 per year in the Midwest.

Impact of PTC expiration• Despite these cost reductions, we cannot let the PTC abruptly expire because it

will shut off over $15 billion in investment, disrupt the industry, immediately throw 37,000 people out of work, and weaken our nation’s energy security.

• In past years following the expiration of the PTC, installations dropped between 73% and 93%.

• Without a PTC extension, the U.S. wind market will shrink significantly in 2013. • Total wind investment will drop by nearly two-thirds, from $15.6 billion in 2012 to

$5.5 billion in 2013. • Total wind-supported jobs will drop by 37,000 from 2012 to 2013 and we will

effectively concede these jobs to China and other countries around the world. • With a PTC expiration only three months away, the industry is already

experiencing announcements of layoffs and manufacturing plant closings. • The PTC ensures that utilities have the ability to protect consumers by hedging

against natural gas price volatility, broadening their portfolio diversity and increasing energy security.

Level playing field• The U.S. electricity market has never been truly a “free market” and the playing field

is still not level for all technologies. • Every energy technology is supported by the federal government. Wind energy is no

exception, nor should it be. • As a recent CRS report stated, “The idea of applying tax policy instruments to energy

markets is not new, but until the 1970s, energy tax policy had been little used, except to promote domestic fossil fuel production” (Sherlock and Crandall-Hollick, September 2012).

• The same report adds, “Current energy tax policy is also the result of prior policy action undertaken in an effort to achieve the nation’s long-standing goal of enhancing U.S. energy security. For example, the promotion of domestic fossil fuel production, the current principle short-run strategy, was a central tenet of energy tax policy from 1918 through the late 1960s.”

• In addition, U.S. government support for oil, natural gas, and coal has totaled over $500 billion from 1950 to 2006 according to Management Information Services Incorporated.

• Some of these incentives have been permanent fixtures of the tax code for decades, whereas the PTC has been extended on a short term basis seven times.