ENDOCRINE SYSTEM II

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ii

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IISBI4UNov 13,12Quiz on Endocrine System on Tues, Nov 20th,12

Todays Class: a) Regulation of blood glucoseb) Steroid hormones

Regulation of Blood Glucose

Hormones produced by pancreatic islet cells of Langerhans Insulin - Released from the beta pancreatic cells when blood sugar levels are high (e.g : after a meal)- Converts extra sugar or glucose glycogenGlucagonReleased from alpha pancreatic cellswhen blood sugar levels are low (e.g: fasting)-Converts glycogen glucose

DiabetesDiabetes mellitus (Type 1)Pancreas is unable to produce insulin Inject insulinAdult-onset diabetes (Type 2)Decrease in insulin production/ineffective use of insulin.Injection not necessaryControlled with diet, oral drugs, exerciseGestational diabetesUsually temporary, affects 2-4% of pregnanciesHigh risks of developing full diabetes in baby & mom.5

A1C test result of 7% or less indicates that you are helping to prevent the long-term complications of diabetes.

FYI only **

Steroids hormonesNatural : produced by the bodyTestosterone, estrogens, progestins.

Synthetic: mimic the effect of natural hormones.Anabolic steroids mimic muscle-building traits of testosterone.e.g of synthetic steroid: EPO stimulates RBC production therefore more O2 more endurance.

Q1) Glucagon is produced in an organ and effects target cells that are in another part of the body. The organ of production and the location of the target cells are respectively:a ) adrenal medulla & adrenal cortexb) Pituitary and adrenal medullac) Liver and pancreasd) Pancreas and livere) Hypothalamus & pituitary

Questions- ActivityQ1) Glucagon is produced in an organ and effects target cells that are in another part of the body. The organ of production and the location of the target cells are respectively:a ) adrenal medulla & adrenal cortexb) Pituitary and adrenal medullac) Liver and pancreasd) Pancreas and livere) Hypothalamus & pituitary10Q2) a laboratory mice is accidentally given too much insulin and begins convulsing. What could you do to quickly return the animal to a normal blood sugar?(a) increase water intake(b) cool the animal as quickly as possible(c) provide sugar in a fruit drink(d) warm the animal as quickly as possibleQ2) a laboratory mice is accidentally given too much insulin and begins convulsing. What could you do to quickly return the animal to a normal blood sugar?(a) increase water intake(b) cool the animal as quickly as possible(c) provide sugar in a fruit drink(d) warm the animal as quickly as possible

Q3) Is caffeine considered a synthetic steroid?Yes, it mimics the effect of adrenaline causes increase in heart rate and blood pressure and increased alertness.Q4) Using a flow chart, show a homeostatic adjustment for a person who has consumed significant amount of carbohydrates in the past hour.Answer:

Carbohydrate intake carbs digested by small intestine simple sugar absorbed blood sugar increases insulin produced and released (beta pancreatic cells)Insulin acts on muscles, adipose tissue( fat) and liver causes a.a levels to decrease by promoting proteins synthesis and inhibiting their degradation also causes fatty acids uptake & storage in adipose tissue and inhibits break down of fats to fatty acids will also inhibit breakdown of glycogen to glucose and increase absorption of glucose by liver and storage as glycogen blood sugar decreases.

Q4) The North American lifestyle and diet are believed to be major contributors to type 2 diabetes. Many companies know that foods can be more palatable to consumer by adding sugars and fats. Explain how this practice of adding sugars and fats to food can cause type 2 diabetes.Answer:Adding sugar causes problems because excess sugar is converted to fat which usually leads to increased body mass.Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. A diet with increased amount of sugar increases the production of insulin and can contribute to type 2 diabetes .Islet cells will eventually fail due to constant production of insulin and glucose levels will rise.Nov 14-15,12

Reproductive HormonesReproductive HormonesThey are steroid hormones.Produced by gonads (testes, ovaries)Androgens, estrogens, & progestins.Questions-ActivityPg.496-50121Female Reproductive Organs

Male Reproductive Organs

Q2. What are 2 predominant reproductive steroid hormones in females? and what is the principal hormone for each of the two predominant reproductive hormones?

Estrogen & progestin . Estrogen EstradiolProgestin progesterone

Q3. What are 3 main functions of estradiol?

1) Maturation of sex organ at puberty and development of sexual characteristics2) body hair growth3) development of sex driveQ4. What controls FSH & LH release?

GNRH ( Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)Q5. What are the two hormones that are produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen & progesteroneQ6. Draw a feedback loop showing the regulation of ovarian hormones.

Q7. Draw a feedback loop for FSH and LH hormones regulation in sperm production.

Q8. What is the main function of testes?

Production of sperm & testosteroneQ9. Can a woman who has reached menopause become pregnantNo, once monopause has been reached naturally she can no longer become pregnant. Because she is no longer able to produce eggs however if egg is transferred from a donor then she can still carry a child.