1.1INTRODUCTION The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 complete a series of six sets of health and safety regulations implementing EC Directives, and replace a number of old and often excessively detailed laws. They cover a wide range of basic health, safety and welfare issues and, unlike the Factories Act 1961 and the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963; apply to most workplaces (except construction sites and some mineral extraction sites). This leaflet gives a brief outline of the requirements of the Regulations, and has been produced as part of the Health and Safety Commission's commitment under the Review of Regulation to produce simple guidance for small firms to cover key areas of risk. REQUIREMENTS UNDER THESE REGULATIONS Employers have a general duty under section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of their employees at work. People in control of non-domestic premises have a duty under section 4 of the Act towards people who are not their employees but use their premises. The new Regulations expand on these duties and are intended to protect the health and safety of everyone in the workplace, and ensure that adequate welfare facilities are provided for people at work. These Regulations aim to ensure that workplaces meet the health, safety and welfare needs of all members
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1.1INTRODUCTION
The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 complete a series of six sets of health and safety regulations implementing EC Directives, and replace a number of old and often excessively detailed laws.
They cover a wide range of basic health, safety and welfare issues and, unlike the Factories Act 1961 and the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963; apply to most workplaces (except construction sites and some mineral extraction sites).
This leaflet gives a brief outline of the requirements of the Regulations, and has been produced as part of the Health and Safety Commission's commitment under the Review of Regulation to produce simple guidance for small firms to cover key areas of risk.
REQUIREMENTS UNDER THESE REGULATIONS
Employers have a general duty under section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of their employees at work. People in control of non-domestic premises have a duty under section 4 of the Act towards people who are not their employees but use their premises. The new Regulations expand on these duties and are intended to protect the health and safety of everyone in the workplace, and ensure that adequate welfare facilities are provided for people at work.
These Regulations aim to ensure that workplaces meet the health, safety and welfare needs of all members of a workforce, including people with disabilities. Several of the Regulations require things to be 'suitable'. Regulation 2(3) makes it clear that things should be suitable for anyone. This includes people with disabilities. Where the workforce includes people with disabilities, it is important to ensure the workplace is suitable for them, particularly traffic routes, toilets and workstations.
Interpretation
'Workplace' -These Regulations apply to a very wide range of workplaces, not only factories, shops and offices but also, for example, schools, hospitals, hotels and places of entertainment. The term workplace also includes the common parts of shared buildings, private roads and paths on industrial estates and business parks, and temporary worksites (but not construction sites).
'Work' means work as an employee or self-employed person.
'Premises' means any place including an outdoor place.
'Domestic premises' means a private dwelling. These Regulations do not apply to domestic premises, and exclude home workers. However, they do apply to hotels, nursing homes and to parts of workplaces where 'domestic' staff are employed, such as the kitchens of hostels.
HEALTH
The measures outlined in this section contribute to the general working environment of people in the workplace.
Ventilation
Workplaces need to be adequately ventilated. Fresh, clean air should be drawn from a source outside the workplace, uncontaminated by discharges from flues, chimneys or other process outlets, and be circulated through the workrooms.
Ventilation should also remove and dilute warm, humid air and provide air movement which gives a sense of freshness without causing a draught. If the workplace contains process or heating equipment or other sources of dust, fumes or vapors, more fresh air will be needed to provide adequate ventilation.
Windows or other openings may provide sufficient ventilation but, where necessary, mechanical ventilation systems should be provided and regularly maintained.
These Regulations do not prevent the use of unglued heating systems designed and installed to be used without a conventional flue.
Temperatures in indoor workplaces Comfort depends on air temperature, radiant heat, air movement and humidity. Individual personal preference makes it difficult to specify a thermal environment which satisfies everyone.
For workplaces where the activity is mainly sedentary, for example offices, the temperature should normally be at least 16 degrees Celsius. If work involves physical effort it should be at least 13 degrees Celsius (unless other laws require lower temperatures).
WORK IN HOT OR COLD ENVIRONMENTS
The risk to the health of workers increases as conditions move further away from those generally accepted as comfortable. Risk of heat stress arises, for example, from working in high air temperatures, exposure to high thermal
radiation or high levels of humidity, such as those found in foundries, glass works and laundries. Cold stress may arise, for example, from working in cold stores, food preparation areas and in the open air during winter.
Assessment of the risk to workers' health, from working in either a hot or cold environment, needs to consider two sets of factors - personal and environmental.
Personal factors include body activity, the amount and type of clothing, and duration of exposure. Environmental factors include ambient temperature, and radiant heat; and if the work is outside, sunlight, wind velocity and the presence of rain or snow.
Any assessment needs to consider:
Measures to control the workplace environment, in particular heat from any source. Minimizing the risk of heat stress may mean insulating plant which acts as a source of radiant heat, using local cooling by increasing ventilation rates and maintaining the appropriate level of humidity. If it is not reasonably practicable to avoid workers being exposed to cold environments you should consider using local environmental controls, for example cab heaters in fork-lift trucks used in cold stores;
Restriction of exposure by, for example, re-organizing tasks to build in rest periods or other breaks from work. This will allow workers to rest in an area where the environment is comfortable and, if necessary, to replace bodily fluids to combat dehydration or cold. If work rates cause sweating, workers may need frequent rest pauses for changing into dry clothing;
medical pre-selection of employees to ensure that they are fit to work in these environments;
use of suitable clothing (which may need to be heat resistant or insulating, depending on whether the risk is from heat or cold);
acclimatization of workers to the environment in which they work; training in the precautions to be taken; and Supervision, to ensure that the precautions identified by the assessment
are taken.
LIGHTING
Lighting should be sufficient to enable people to work and move about safely. If necessary, local lighting should be provided at individual workstations, and at
places of particular risk such as crossing points on traffic routes. Lighting and light fittings should not create any hazard.
Automatic emergency lighting, powered by an independent source, should be provided where sudden loss of light would create a risk.
Cleanliness and waste materials
Every workplace and the furniture, furnishings and fittings should be kept clean and it should be possible to keep the surfaces of floors, walls and ceilings clean. Cleaning and the removal of waste should be carried out as necessary by an effective method. Waste should be stored in suitable receptacles.
Room dimensions and space
Workrooms should have enough free space to allow people to move about with ease. The volume of the room, when empty, divided by the number of people normally working in it should be at least 11 cubic meters. All or part of a room over 3.0 m high should be counted as 3.0 m high. Eleven cubic meters per person is a minimum and may be insufficient depending on the layout, contents and the nature of the work.
Workstations and seating
Workstations should be suitable for the people using them and for the work. People should be able to leave workstations swiftly in an emergency. If work can or must be done sitting, seats which are suitable for the people using them and for the work done there should be provided. Seating should give adequate support for the lower back, and footrests should be provided for workers who cannot place their feet flat on the floor.
SAFETY
Maintenance
The workplace, and certain equipment, devices and systems should be maintained in efficient working order (efficient for health, safety and welfare). Such maintenance is required for mechanical ventilation systems, equipment and devices which would cause a risk to health, safety or welfare if a fault occurred.
Floors and traffic routes
‘Traffic route’ means a route for pedestrian traffic, vehicles, or both, and include any stairs, fixed ladder, doorway, and gateway, loading bay or ramp.
There should be sufficient traffic routes, of sufficient width and headroom, to allow people and vehicles to circulate safely with ease.
Floors and traffic routes should be sound and strong enough for the loads placed on them and the traffic expected to use them. The surfaces should not have holes, be uneven or slippery and should be kept free of obstructions.
Restrictions should be clearly indicated. Where sharp or blind bends are unavoidable or vehicles need to reverse, measures such as one-way systems and visibility mirrors should be considered. Speed limits should be set. Screens should be provided to protect people who have to work where they would be at risk from exhaust fumes, or to protect people from materials likely to fall from vehicles.
Additional measures need to be taken where pedestrians have to cross or share vehicle routes. These may include marking of routes, provision of crossing points, bridges, subways and barriers.
Open sides of staircases should be fenced with an upper rail at 900 mm or higher and a lower rail. A handrail should be provided on at least one side of every staircase and on both sides if there is a particular risk. Additional handrails may be required down the centre of wide staircases. Access between floors should not be by ladders or steep stairs.
Where a load is tipped into a pit or similar place, and the vehicle is liable to fall into it, barriers or portable wheel stops should be provided at the end of the traffic route.
Loading bays should have at least one exit point from the lower level or a refuge should be provided to avoid people being struck or crushed by vehicles.
1.1.1NEED OF THE STUDY
The organization provided safety & welfare to the employees who are working in the
organization. A study of safety & welfare measures analyzes the effectiveness of safety &
welfare measures provided by the somappa comfort system India (p) ltd.
Employee’s safety & welfare is a comprehensive term including various services,
facilities and amenities provided to employees for their betterments.
The basic purpose in to improve the lot of the work class, the employees welfare is a
dynamic concepts. It measures are also know as fringe benefits and services. Welfare
measures may be both voluntary statutory.
Employee’s safety & welfare is a critical aspect which has to be in to consideration.
Unless the organization cares for the safety of its employees the employees will not care for
the growth of the organization.
Hence employee safety measures are vital to be followed. Above all employees safety
measures decides and determines a company brand name, credibility, reputation, etc.
1.1.2SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research to be complete & correct in all aspects, it should first decide upon its
boundaries of its operation. The scope of the study is to find out the welfare measures
between the employees in the l&p somappa comfort system India (p) ltd
The workplace, and certain equipment, device and systems should be maintained in
efficient working order (efficient for health safety and welfare). Such maintenance is required
for mechanical ventilization systems equipment and device which would cause a risk to
health, safety or welfare if a fault occurred and equipment indented to prevent or reduce
hazard.
The condition of the building needs to be monitored to ensure that they have appropriate
stability and solidity for their use. This includes risks from the normal running of the work
process (e.g. vibration, floor loadings) and foreseeable risks (e.g. fire in a cylinder store)
1.1.3OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Primary objectives:
To study an employee’s satisfaction towards safety and welfare measures L&P
SOMAPPA COMFORT SYSTEM INDIA [P] LTD.
Secondary objectives:
To study the employee’s satisfaction & morale towards safety & welfare measures.
To study whether the employees are satisfied with the overall benefits provided by the
organization.
To analyze the effectiveness of safety measures provided by the organization.
To ascertain the need and expectation of the employees of the about or regarding the
safety & welfare measures in the organization.
To give suggestions to the company to improve the welfare schemes effectively.
1.1.4RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research work undertaken is based on the research methodology, which is given
below:
Definition of research:
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define
research a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In
fact, research is an art of scientific investigation
Research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used in technical
sense.
According to Clifford woody, research comprise defining and redefining problem,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solution. Collecting, organizing and evaluating data,
making deduction and reaching conclusion and at last carefully testing the conclusion to
determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
“Research” refers to the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem,
formulating a hypothesis, collecting the fact or data analyzing the fact and reaching certain
conclusion either in the form of solution towards the concerned problem or in certain
generalization for some theoretical formulation.
1.1.4.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.
Historical Research Design - The purpose is to collect, verify, synthesize evidence to
establish facts that defend or refute your hypothesis. It uses primary sources, secondary
sources, and lots of qualitative data sources such as logs, diaries, official records, reports, etc.
The limitation is that the sources must be both authentic and valid.
Descriptive or Survey Research Design - It attempts to describe and explain
conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe a
phenomenon. Survey research design /survey methodology is one of the most popular for
dissertation research. There are many advantages. I have used Descriptive research design in
this project.
Correlation or Prospective Research Design - It attempts to explore relationships to
make predictions. It uses one set of subjects with two or more variables for each.
Causal Comparative or Ex Post Facto Research Design - This research design
attempts to explore cause and affect relationships where causes already exist and cannot be
manipulated. It uses what already exists and looks backward to explain why.
Developmental or Time Series Research Design - Data are collected at certain
points in time going forward. There is an emphasis on time patterns and longitudinal growth
or change.
Experimental Research Design - This design is most appropriate in controlled
settings such as laboratories. The design assumes random assignment of subjects and random
assignment to groups (E and C). It attempts to explore cause and affect relationships where
causes can be manipulated to produce different kinds of effects. Because of the requirement
of random assignment, this design can be difficult to execute in the real world (non
laboratory) setting.
Quasi Experimental Research Design - This research design approximates the
experimental design but does not have a control group. There is more error possible in the
results.
This study has been based on Descriptive research, which is concerned with describing the
characteristics of a particular individual, or of a group. It includes surveys and fact-finding
enquiries of different kinds.
1.1.4.2 DATA SOURCES
After identifying and defining the research problem and determining specific
information required to solve the problem, the researcher`s task is to look the type and
sources of data which may yield the desired results. Data sources are of two types through
which data is collected.
Data sources may be classified as
1. Primary data
2. Secondary data
PRIMARY DATA
Primary data is the original data collected by the researcher first hand. It is collected
for the first time through field survey. These are those that are gathered specifically, for the
problem at hand. The various sources for collecting primary data are questionnaire,
observation, interview etc. The primary source used for the study is questionnaire.
SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data is the information which is already available in published or
unpublished form. When the needed information is collected from the census of population
available in a library means then it is a secondary data. It is also used for collecting historical
data. The various sources of secondary data are books, periodicals, journals, directories,
magazines, statistical data sources etc. The secondary source used for this study is company
profile, scope, need, review of literature.
1.1.4.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
Research instrument are the instruments which is used for gathering or collecting information. The used in the study are
1. Direct questions
2. Close end questions
3. Dichotomous questions
4. Multiple choice questions
DIRECT QUESTIONS
Direct questions are just what their names indicates. They explicitly ask for the
desired data. However the directness of the question also relates to the way a response is
interpreted.
CLOSE END QUESTIONS
Such questions are also called fixed alternative questions they refer to those questions
in which the respondent is given a limited number of alternative response frame which he/she
is to select one that most closely matches his/her opinion or attitude.
DICHOTOMOUS QUESTIONS
A dichotomous question refers to one which offers the respondent a choice between
only two alternatives and reduces the issue to its simple terms. The fixed alternatives are of
the type, yes/no, agree/disagree, true/false etc.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A multiple choice question refers to one which provides several set alternatives for its
answers. Thus, it is a middle ground between free answers and dichotomous question.
SAMPLING
Collecting data about each and every unit of the population is called census method.
The approach, where only a few units of population under study are considered for analysis is
called sampling method. There are two main categories under which various sampling
method can be put.
The two categories are
1. Probability sampling
2. Non-probability sampling
The sampling method adopted for the study is convenience sampling under non-probability
sampling.
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
In non-probability sampling, the chance of any particular unit in the population being
selected is unknown, since randomness is not involved in the selection process. But this does
not mean that the findings obtained from non-probability sampling are of questionable value.
If properly conducted their findings can be accurate as those obtained from probability
sampling. The three frequencies used non-probability designs are
1. Judgment sampling
2. Convenience sampling
3. Quota sampling
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING:
In this method, the sample units are chosen primarily on the basis of the convenience
to the investigator. The units selected may be each person who comes across the investigator.
SAMPLE FRAME:
A Sample frame may be defined as the listing of the general components of the
individual units that comprise the defined population.
SAMPLE DESIGN
Sample design is the theoretical basis and the practice means by generalizing from
characteristics of relatively few of the comprising population. It is the method by which the
sample is chosen.
SAMPLE SIZE
It refers to the number of elements of the population to sample. The sample size
chosen for the survey is 150.
SAMPLE PROCEDURE
Sampling procedure explains about as to how the survey has to be conducted. It
depends upon the research objectives to be accomplished through investigation.
PILOT SURVEY
For testing the quality the questionnaire was administered to 25 samples, based on
their feedback modification were made in the questionnaire.
1.1.4.4 ANALYTICAL TOOLS
ANALYSIS USING KARL PEARSON’S CORRELATION:
Correlation analysis is the statistical tool used to measure the degree to which two
variables are linearly related to each other. Correlation measures the degree of association
between two variables
CHI SQUARE
A chi-square test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the sampling distribution of the
test statistic is a chi-square distribution when the null hypothesis is true, or any in which this
is asymptotically true, meaning that the sampling distribution (if the null hypothesis is true)
can be made to approximate a chi-square distribution as closely as desired by making the
sample size large enough.
Chi square method is popularly known as. It is denoted by the symbol x²
Formula for Chi square x² = ∑ (O−E) ²E
.
PERCENTAGES
Percentages refer to a special kind of ratio. Percentages are used in making
comparison between two or more series of data. Percentages are used to describe
relationships, it is expressed as.
Percentage = (no of employees/total no of employees) 100
CHARTS:
Charts are graphic displays of data for easy understanding of relative positions that is
not always possible with descriptive words or numbers. Types of charts commonly used in
business data presentation are: Bar and pie.
BAR CHARTS:
The bar chart is commonly used for presentation of qualitative data. The data can be
continuous or discrete data, which are plotted against discrete data intervals. The vertical bar
diagram, also called bar chart where the length or height of bars represent the numerical value
of the event or measurement. Width or gap between the bars is of no significance to the bar
chart data, but they are uniform in a diagram.
PIE DIAGRAM:
Pie charts are circle graphs that display 100% of data as a circle. The circle was
divided into proportionate slices that represent categories whose size is defined by the
percentage of a category in the total. Pie diagram is very suitable for presentation various
business results and quality issues, such as analysis of company earnings from various heads,
causes of products and services complaints, cost built-up etc.
1.1.5LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is limited only to L&P SOMAPPA COMFORT SYSTEM INDIA (P) LTD.
The time allotted for study is only three month which is a very short period to conduct
an expensive survey.
Interview cannot be carried out with all the employee of the organization.
The information collected may be based to some extent it is not possible to review the
biased information completely.
Some of the employees were not able to understand the English.
Employees are reluctant to give their suggestions open Mindy.
Finding and suggestions may or may not be applicable for long period.
1.2.1 COMPANY PROFILE
A Leggett & Platt Company
CORPORATE DESCRIPTION: Leggett & Platt (NYSE: LEG) is a FORTUNE 500
diversified manufacturer that conceives, designs and produces a broad variety of
engineered components and products that can be found in virtually every home,
office, retail store, and automobile. The company serves a broad suite of customers
that comprise U.S. manufacturers and retailers. The 125-year-old firm’s Continuing
Operations are composed of 21 business units, 24,000 employee-partners, and more
than 250 facilities located in 20 countries.
Leggett & Platt is North America’s leading independent manufacturer of:
a) Components for residential furniture and bedding;
b) Retail store fixtures and point of purchase displays;
r is positively correlated There is a positive relation between level of satisfaction and the canteen facility.
FINDINGS
A survey among 150 workers in L&P SOMAPPA COMFORT SYSTEM INDIA PVT LTD was conducted the following was the observation made.
1. 71% of the workers are singles.
2. 62% of the employees are awareness of safety and welfare measured undergone in the company.
3. Majority of the employees agree that safety provisions are provided by the organization.
4. 53% of the employees undergone safety program in the organization and 47% for the employees did not undergone safety program.
5. Nearly 20% of the employees feel ok with the existing safety measures provided by the organization and 71% of the employees feel good with the safety measures.
6. Majority of the employees satisfied with first aid facilities provided by the organization.
7. 37% of employees are satisfied with the welfare measures and 10%are not satisfied with the welfare measures.
8. 59% of employees aware of the safety committees in the organization.
9. 49% workers satisfied with the shoes in the organization..
10.59% of the employees say yes committee formed to welfare measures in the organization
11.41% of the employees are of opinion neutral that the safety measures will reduce the Severity of the accidents.
12.37% of the employees are satisfied with the level of satisfaction regarding welfare measures and 10% of the employees are dissatisfied.
13.62% of the employees are satisfied with the canteen facilities.
14. 30% of the employees agree that relationship with superior.
15.59% of the employees satisfied with the working environment
SUGGESTIONS
1. Most of the employees are young & enthusiastic we can candidates to guide them.
2. Safety programs and safety measures should be improved.
3. Company can provide extra benefits like education to the employee’s children’s.
4. Majority of them are aware of the safety measures and it is good that immediate actions are undertaken during accidents.
5. Management is handled complaints in good manner and givens first preference.
6. Safety facilities offered are at satisfactory level only. The company shall develop this aspect and achieve full satisfaction of workers.
7. The company as very high response for providing basic needs like rest room, shoes and drinking water from its workers. The company should hold this status in future.
8. The basic facilities are high in the organization the sum of facilities like transportation education scheme should be improved.
.
9. Employees feel good regarding the work environment and it could be maintained.
10. The employees and the superior relationship should be closure than only the highest objective is achieved.
11. Safety provisions should be improved in the working area.
CONCLUSION
This study titled “A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES SATISFACTION TOWARDS SAFETY AND WELFARE IN L&P SOMAPPA COMFORT SYSTEM INDIA PVT LTD”
Safety and Welfare measures are important to all employees in an organization. Non-statutory benefits should be increased, which in return will increase the productivity of the employees.
The study concluded that L&P SOMAPPA COMFORT SYSTEM INDIA PVT LTD is proving all safety benefits and also welfare benefits. Employees are all satisfied with all welfare measures, but it should consider providing some extra benefits like education to the children of the employees.
Employees should play a more concerted role in safety and accident prevention program and in arousing safety consciousness.
Safety should become a habit with the employers and workers instead of remaining a mere ritual.
Every factory employing 150 or more workers should setup committees to ensure continued participation of workers in matters connected with safety and welfare measures.
A STUDY ON EMPOYEES SATISFACTION TOWARDS SAFETY & WELFARE MEASURES AT SOMAPPA COMFORT SYSTEM (INDIA) PVT LTD.
QUESTIONNAIRE
PERSONAL DETAILS
Name :
Gender : A) Male B) Female
Martial Status : A) Married B) Single
Age : A) 20-29 B) 30-39 C) 40-49 D) Above 50
Educational Qualification: A) SSLC B) Diploma C) HSS
D) Graduation E) PG
Department :A) production B) quality C) Maintenance D) Stores
Experience : A) Less than 5 years B) 5-10 years C) 11-20 years
STATUTORY SAFETY MEASURES
1. What is your opinion about the safety measures in the company?
Facility Highly satisfied
Satisfied Moderately Satisfied
Dissatisfied
Highly dissatisfied
First aid box
Shoes
Gloves
Fire protection glass
2. Have you gained any knowledge during the safety training program?
A) Yes B) No
3. What is your opinion about the existing safety measures in the organization?
A) Good B) Fair C) Bad
4. Do you make use of the safety measures provided by the organization? A) Always B) Sometimes C) Never 5. The safety measures help in reducing the severity of accidents?
A) Strongly Agree B) Agree C) Neutral D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree
6. How far you know about the safety policy in your company?
A) Completely B) partly C) To some extent
STATUTORY WELFARE MEASURES:
7. What is your opinion about the welfare measures in the company?
Facility Highly satisfied
Satisfied Moderately Satisfied
Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied
Drinking water
Latrines and Urinals
Canteen facilities
Rest room
Health services
8. Are you aware of the welfare measures in the company?
A) Yes B) No
9. Is any committee formed by the management to check welfare measures in company?
A) Yes B) No
10. What is your level of satisfaction regarding welfare measures?
A) Highly Satisfied B) Satisfied C) Neutral
D) Dissatisfied E) Highly Dissatisfied
11. Welfare measures helps to
A) Create a better industrial relation B) Build greater loyalty to the company
C) Helps to increase team spirit D) Motivate E) doesn’t made any difference
12. What is your opinion about working environment?
A) Highly satisfied B) Satisfied C) Not satisfied
13. How is your relationship with your superior?
A) Strongly Agree B) Agree C) Neutral D) Disagree E) Strongly disagree
14. Kindly give your suggestions for any desired improvements in the current welfare system.