1 Emissions Inventory Overview-Part 1 Melinda Ronca- Battista, ITEP/TAMS Center
Feb 24, 2016
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Emissions Inventory Overview-Part 1
Melinda Ronca-Battista, ITEP/TAMS Center
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OverviewWhat is an Emissions Inventory
and why do we need one?Part 1
◦Types of EIs◦Pollutants◦Sources
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What is an Emissions Inventory?Listing of sources and amounts of estimated air pollutant emissions in geographic area during specific time period
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How are EI data used?Air quality management tool
◦ Collect baseline data◦ Develop & track emissions control and
management strategiesRegulations developmentAir quality modeling and assessmentPermits
◦ Do you have facilities that need permits?◦ Operating conditions (potential to emit)◦ Fees
Emissions tradingRegulatory compliance
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What are Emissions?Criteria Pollutants
◦ Particulate matter: PM10 and PM2.5◦ Nitrogen oxides: NOx◦ Sulfur dioxide: SO2 ◦ Carbon monoxide: CO◦ Lead: Pb
Ozone precursors◦ Ammonia: NH3◦ Volatile Organic Compounds: VOCs
HAPs (Air Toxics)◦ 187 toxic, carcinogenic compounds without
regulated standards
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Criteria PollutantsWhat about Ozone?
◦Ozone is not emitted directly by sources
◦EIs inventory ozone precursors VOCs NOx Both react with sunlight to
form ozone◦NOx and VOCs get inventoried, but not ozone itself
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HAPs (Air Toxics)187 compounds listed in CAA
including◦Mercury (power plants, coal-fired)◦Perchloroethylene (dry cleaning)◦Benzene (gasoline)◦Chloroform (chlorination plants,
paper mills)◦Methyl Isocyanate (pesticide
manufacturing) Release at Bhopal, India, killed 4,000
people◦The list goes on…
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What are Emission Sources?
Point Sources
On-Road Mobile Sources
Non-Road Mobile Sources
Non-Point Sources (Area Sources)
Based on EPA
Event Sources
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Level of DetailSimple Summary: Small
reservation with few on-reservation sources◦Compiled from existing data sources◦Includes only large sources
Comprehensive Accounting: Large reservation, many and/or large sources◦Large on-reservation sources -
permitting◦“Problem” Emissions (agricultural
burning, small industries, road dust, traffic emissions)
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Important NoteIf you include data from
reservation sources and county-level data, conduct your EI in two parts◦Part 1, On-Reservation: Data you
collect for on-reservation sources◦Part 2, Off-Reservation: Data you
compile for sources in the surrounding counties Data obtained from the NEI, state
environmental offices, etc.
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Levels of EILevel 1
◦Requires highest degree of defensibility ◦Based on site-specific data◦Results can be used directly in
enforcement, compliance or litigation support if sufficient scope
Level 2 ◦Used to directly support decision-
making or standard setting◦CAA-SIP inventory or other national
inventory developed to support numerous EPA regulatory requirements
◦Site- or region-specific information generally required
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Levels of EILevel 3
◦General assessment or research◦Site-specific data may be gathered◦Do not directly support rulemaking
activitiesLevel 4
◦Usually compiled from previously-published emissions data
◦Not intended to directly support rulemaking or compliance activities
From US EPA’s Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)
Vol. 6, page 2.1-5
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Levels of EI Level 4 EI – Gather Existing
Data◦ Everyone should start by doing a
Level 4 EI◦ Compile existing data from the
National Emission Inventory (NEI) Shows air pollution emitting facilities in
your area (point sources) Identifies non-point sources that create
most emissions in your area◦ If your tribe’s lands are already
adequately covered by NEI/state inventory, level 4 is all you need to do!
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Inventory StepsSource identification
◦Internet mapping and satellite imagery
◦Phonebook/windshield survey◦National Emission Inventory (NEI)
data, previous EIsPlanning!
◦Inventory Preparation Plan (IPP)◦Quality Assurance Project Plan
(QAPP)Collect data
◦From sources, permits, questionnaires, etc.
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Inventory Steps (cont.)Evaluate and select methods for
estimating emissionsPreliminary calculations (unit
conversions)Calculate and analyze data (TEISS,
Excel, GIS, etc.)Apply Quality Assurance/Quality Control
(QA/QC)Report data and present results
◦ Internal: tribal council, community◦ External: EPA project officer, NEI
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Types of SourcesPoint sources = Stationary sources
Area sources = Non-Point sources
Event SourcesMobile sources
◦On-Road (cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses)
◦Non-Road (off-road equipment)
Biogenic sources
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What is a Point Source?Individual, stationary sourceEmitting quantities above the
emission threshold Emission thresholds vary
according to type of pollutant and that location’s non-attainment area classification
See EPA’s Air Emission Reporting Requirement (AERR) for federal thresholds
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What is a Point Source? AERR reporting thresholds are
quite highMany states have lower
thresholdsConsider using state thresholds
to define your reservation’s point sources◦Makes EI compatible with others in
your area◦Get a more detailed listing of point
sources Example: Busy gas station can be point
source under state thresholds, but not EPA’s
If not a point source, classify as a nonpoint source
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Example: Point Source Thresholds in Tons per Year (tpy)
Pollutant EPA’s AERR Reporting Thresholds
New Mexico Reporting Thresholds
Lead (Pb) ≥0.5 >1PM10 ≥100 >10
PM2.5 ≥100 >10Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
≥100 >10
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
≥1000 >10
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
≥100 >10
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Point Source CharacteristicsLarge, stationary sources
◦Manufacturing or production plants
◦Power plants, refineries◦Large, industrial facilities
A single point source facility can have emissions from ◦Smoke stacks◦Units within directed to stacks
◦Fugitive sources within plant
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Area (Non-Point) Sources Stationary sources that
emit◦ Less than point source
threshold◦ Smaller emitters, but
numerous◦ Often have fugitive
(uncontrollable) emissions
Tend to be sources likeGasoline stationsDry cleanersAuto body/paint shopsUnpaved roads
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Other Nonpoint Sources
Other nonpoint source examples◦Agricultural field burning◦Residential wood combustion◦Residential combustion of household waste (backyard burning)
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Event SourcesWildfires and prescribed burning◦Now inventoried as EVENTS
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On-Road Mobile SourcesVehicles found on roads and
highways (e.g., cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles)◦ 20 volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and metals quantified (Urban Air Toxics)
◦ Diesel particulate matter and diesel exhaust organic gases also quantified
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Non-Road Mobile Sources Mobile sources not found on roads
and highwaysLawn mowersConstruction VehiclesFarm machinery
Exceptions◦ Commercial marine vessels and
locomotives usually reported as a nonpoint source
◦ Aircraft usually reported as point sources at an airport
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AircraftNote about aircraft
◦ALL airports are now considered point sources in the NEI
◦If you have airports on your reservation, check the most recent NEI data. Use it in your EI.
◦UNLESS you have more accurate data
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Biogenic SourcesNaturally occurring emissions
◦Vegetation: Trees, shrubs, grasses◦Microbial: Soil bacteria, termites
EPA estimates these emissions on a county level for entire country…
…so you don’t have to
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Homework due in 5 days:Think about what level your EI is
going to be and email the answer to the instructors, using the questions below. If, as you go through the modules, you decide to change the level of your EI, that is fine, and please let your instructors know. 1. What level of EI will you be
completing?2. Based on information you already
know about your land, what sources are there?