Emergence Urban Water Supply — Challenges and Experiences Wenjun Liu, Associate Professor Tsinghua University 13/9, 2006.

Emergence Urban Water Supply — Challenges and

Experiences

Wenjun Liu, Associate ProfessorTsinghua University

13/9, 2006

Main Contents

Experiences from Tanshan earthquake

Recent emergence water supply cases

Preparation for emergency water supply Protocols

Tanshan Earthquake

28/7/1976 Dead: 242,769 22 of 38 wells destroyed

9 of 38 wells severely damaged 204 km pipeline damaged No source water, no water supply

Severe sanitation problems, Tanshan Earthquake

E. coli exceeded the standards ten, hundred and thousand times

No enough disinfection Outbreak of diarrhea, dysentery and other

enteric diseases 3 to 7 days reached to the peak of cases

Emergence water supply and recover to normal, Tanshan Earthquake

Pipeline recovering: (fire hose pipe), steel pipe Close branch pipe Supply water by main pipe Supply water recovered gradually and scatteredly By 10/10, 1976, whole city was back to normal water

supply

Experiences, Tanshan Earthquake

Seek new water sources Disinfection Supply water by water truck Supply water recovered gradually and scatter

edly Repair water supply facilities rapidly

Recent Emergence Water Supply Cases

Songhuajiang River, Harbin city (Nitrobenzene, 11/2005)

North River (Cd pollution) (12/2006) Yiluo Branch of Yellow River (Oil, 1/2

006) Taihu (Algae Pollution, 8/2006) ….

Harbin City Emergence Water Supply

blast of chemical factory Interruption of water suppl

y 4 days Nitrobenzene, benzene ….

Jilin

Songyuan

Harbin

Harbin City Emergence Water Supply

Temporary drinking water delivery Bottled water Water Tank Well drilling

Research on the best process ofr removal of Nitrobenzene

Engineering and equipment preparation and implementation

Organization and logistics

Harbin Emergence Water Supply

Powered activated carbon Adjust dosing point to significa

ntly increase contact time Retrofit sand filtration to Carbo

n-sand filtration

Harbin Emergence Water Supply

Successfully recover regular water supply prior to the expected time

Nitrobenzene much below the limited

No secondary pollution occurred

National-wide response to handle emergence water sullpy

Organization Sepa, MOC, MOH…

Technical Manual National level City level Industry level

Engineering and Implementation

Water Safety and Water Security

Natural Occurred disastersEarthquake, volcano, hurricane, Tsunami…

InadvertentlyChemical blast, traffic accidents…

Intently Terrorism…

Understanding the importance of water safety and security

Improve the standards of source water and drinking water security

Use of advanced water treatment processes

Maintain water security in distribution systems

Fully protection of source water

Extend the protection area of source water

Enhance monitoring source water quality

Prepare multiple source water

Build up early-warning system

Technical manual for emergence water supply

Determine and understand the susceptible factor of urban water supply system

Establish recognition and categorization system of accidents

Prepare technical manual for local emergence water supply

Establish expert bank

Possible solutions

Choose extra water sources Use multi-water sources and

water treatment plants Protect water treatment syste

ms Prepare facility for emergence

water supply Store materials for emergenc

e water supply Train personnel for emergenc

e water supply

Special water quality system for emergence water supply

Decrease water quality limits

Reduce water parameters Use rapid analysis method

s

Case introduction-Dongguan’s experience

Municipal level emergence water supply protocols

Organizations Technical manual Engineering implementation

Dongguan’s Emergence Dongguan’s Emergence water supply protocolswater supply protocols

Organization and management

Technical manualEngineering

implementation

Leadship andOn-site

management

Decision making

and communication

General information

Removal options

Water sourceand WTPs interaction

execution of

decisions

Technical manualparameters

《 drinking water standards》（ GB5749-2006） 98 items

Water quality for urban water supply》（ CJ/T206-2005） 5 items

《 Standards for source water》(GB3838-2002) 32items

Contents of the manual

General information Property in environment toxicity Comparison of different

standards Proposed best removal

technology

Thanks and questions?