Embedded system

EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND MICROCONTROLLER

PRESENTATION BY :- ANSHUL GUPTA

Application Area 1 Automotive electronics

2 Aircraft electronics

3 Trains

4 Telecommunication

5 Medical systems

6 Fabrication equipment

7 Consumer electronics

8 Smart buildings

INTRODUCTION Embedded System is the combination of software and hardware in which we write a

program in software and then burn it into the hardware . This total process is known as Embedded System

Microcontroller can be termed as single on chip computer which includes number of peripherals like RAM ,A/D Converter , Timers etc. required to perform some specified task

GENERAL ARCHITECTURE OF MICROCONTROLLER

Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate Designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. Expansive Versatility Multi-purpose Can be function as a computer with no addition of external

digit parts. Movement of code and data from external address to the chip.

On Chip RAM, ROM, I/O, TIMER/COUNTER, PWM, ADC etc. Fix amount of on-chip

ROM, RAM, I/O ports For applications in which

cost, power and space

are critical Single-purpose Must have any additional parts to be functional. Movement of bits within the chip.

Types of Microcontroller Architecture1. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)2. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)

RISC Fixed width Instructions Few Formats of Instructions Load/Store Architecture Large Register Banks Instructions follow pipelining Single Cycle execution of all instructions

CISC Variable length instructions Several formats of instructions Memory Values can be used as operands in

instructions Small Register Bank Pipelining is complex Multi cycle execution on instructions

AVR MICROCONTROLLER AVR=Advanced Virtual RISC / Alf and Vegard RISC (AVR designer). Developed by Atmel in 1996. AVR can be classified into four groups:

1) Classic AVR-AT90S2313, 2323, 4433 etc.

2) Mega AVR-Atmega8, 16, 32, 64, 128.

3) Tiny AVR-ATtiny13, 44, 25 etc.

4) Special Purpose AVR- AT90CAN128, AT90USB1287, AT90PWM26,

ATmega16 FeaturesFeatures:- It is an 8 bit microcontroller. It consists of Advanced RISC Architecture. 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Register Flash Memory- 16 kbytes 512 bytes EEPROM 1kb internal SRAM Four PWM Channels Programmable Serial USART Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator 32 programmable I/O lines Two 8-bit Timer/Counter with separate prescaler One 16 bit Timer/Counter 10 bit, 8 channels ADC.

LED INTERFACING :-

LCD INTERFACING :-

An Output Device Most Commonly used for

ALPHANUMERIC display Requires 3 control

lines(RS/RW/EN) Operated in 8-bit or 4-bit

mode

An Output DeviceMost Commonly used for ALPHANUMERIC displayRequires 3 control lines(RS/RW/EN)Operated in 8-bit or 4-bit mode

7 SEGMENT DISPLAY:-7 segment is an output device which is used to show numeric & alphanumeric characters.Contains 8 internally connected LED’sTypes of 7 segment display :-1) Common Anode2) Common Cathode

TIMER/COUNTER :- Timer is used to provide delay. If internal clock operate then timer is used as a delay and if used

as external then timer is used as a counter. Types of Timer :- 1) TIMER0 2) TIMER1 3) TIMER2 TIMER2 doesn’t have any external clock so it can’t be used as a

counter. Timer is used to provide more delay without even changing the

crystal oscillator frequency. Used for object tracking.

Time count=(Required delay/Clock Time Period)-1

InterruptsAs the name implies, an interrupt is some event which disrupts the normal

program execution. Interrupts give us a mechanism to "put on hold" the normal program flow,

execute a subroutine.

DEVELOPMENT BOARD :-

PROJECT

ABOUT COMPONENTS1. HT12D(DECODER):- It is a decoder IC used to decode the received signal 1.1Features Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V Address/Data number combination HT12D: 8 address bits and 4 data bits HT12F: 12 address bits only

1.2 Applications Burglar alarm system Smoke and fire alarm system Garage door controllers Car door controllers

1.3Applications Burglar alarm system Smoke and fire alarm system Garage door controllers Car door controllers

2. L293D :- This IC is used to derive the motors .One . L293D IC can derive only two motors. Products Now From Texas Instruments Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V

4. HT12E(ENCODER):- 4.1 FEATURES- OPERATING VOLTAGE- 2.4V~5V FOR THE HT12A- 2.4V~12V FOR THE HT12E- HT12A/E: 18-PIN DIP/20-PIN SOP PACKAGE 4.2 APPLICATIONS- BURGLAR ALARM SYSTEM- SMOKE AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEM- GARAGE DOOR CONTROLLERS- CAR DOOR CONTROLLERS

3. 434MHZ Transmitter & Receiver:-Transmitter and receiver are to send and receive the given commands in wireless communication.

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