8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
1/90
Research, development and
commercialisation activities in
printed intelligence
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
VTT PRINTED INTELLIGENCE
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
2/90
From roll-to-roll..
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
3/90
2
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
4/90
Contents
FROM ROLL-TO-ROLL TO ROLL-TO-PRODUCT ................................................................................
PRINTED DIAGNOSTICS AT ORION DIAGNOSTICA ...........................................................................
CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODSTaking consumer packaged goods sustainably to the digital era ...................................................
Taking packaging graphics to the next level with ecological holograms ..................................
Enhancing the package with mobile digital information and augmented reality .......................
Active paper enables new biodegradable functionalit ies for the consumer packaged goo
Printable memory cards .........................................................................................................................Printed functional films embedded into consumer packaged goods and packaging ..........
Thin OLED light sources bring life and flavor to fast-moving consumer products .................
Biobased substrates for printed intelligence .....................................................................................
MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTICSPrinted intelligence offers new opportunities in medical diagnostics and research-based indu
Roll-to-roll polymer-based microfluidics for life science applications ............................................
Label-free detection methods in diagnostics and drug discovery .................................................Printed microfluidic platforms for Immunoassays .............................................................................
Paper-based immunodiagnostics .........................................................................................................
POCTER allows POC tests to be analysed anywhere ....................................................................
CONSUMER ELECTRONICSNew electronics manufacturing technologies offer greater freedom for product design .............
The mobile microscope used as an interface to printed applications .........................................
From consumer products to consumer electronic products ........................................................Flexiblility of lighting enables new end products .............................................................................
New user interfaces ...............................................................................................................................
Printed backplanes for flexible displays .............................................................................................
CONSTRUCTION AND ENERGY
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
5/90
4
FROM ROLL-TO-ROLL TO ROLL-TO-PROTaking printed intelligence developments out of the l
What are printed intelligence productsmade of?
Sugar and spice and all things nice?
A few years back, when attending printed electronics orrelated conferences, one may still have gained the same
sense as when listening to that familiar nursery rhyme
about what little boys and girls are made of. Perhaps, the
individual ingredients and components listed in conference
papers for printed electronics were more correct than the
metaphorical ingredients of the children in the poem, but
while it is possible to envision boys and girls, many stake-
holders in printed electronics have struggled to envisionwhat products these new printed components could re-
ally amount to.
Printed electronics and intelligence is a technology-inten-
sive industry in its early stages, and it is undoubtedly very
excited about the future prospects of its printed compo-
nents, thin film layers, etc. These developments have large-
ly been driven by technical research institutions and R&Ddepartments of companies. The visions of the industry
have therefore also been technology heavy and the devel-
opments in a predominantly technology push mode. Prod-
uct developers have been unfortunately few, and the end
market needs (specification data sheets) that the indus-
electronics sector, our tea
ships with end-users outsi
tronic components supply.
trial designers in many proj
during the past four years, wdevelopment specialists.
Despite such efforts, the n
oped for/with our customer
is partly because the expec
tential end customers wh
tronics also often heighte
logical capabilities are not y
When balancing market n
technological capabilities, V
telligence technologies hav
expand end markets. Ultim
tions start off as niche appl
off many established indus
rapidly grow to new heights
We are happy to say that
er products exist and have
to markets and new ones a
public customer relationshi
Jani-Mikael Kuusisto, Harri Kopola
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
6/90
this work is starting to have. We also continue internally to
measure actively the business success of VTTs printed in-
telligence spin-offs and the investment capital they have
raised, the share of direct contract research work com-pared with public and jointly funded research, royalties
from its IPR licensing, and other such measures.
Research beyond componentsBy entering a phase of commercialisation, VTT has by no
means abandoned its area of core strength in printed in-
telligence: namely applied research. To further strengthen
our position as a leader in roll-to-roll-printed intelligence,we now embrace more strongly a philosophy of roll-to-
products. This annual review is a testimony of our strong
commitment and efforts to help industrial companies
make it to the end market with their new products. This re-
port is a collection of extended abstracts of the most im-
The final section of this report
efforts in materials and proces
The VTT researchers extensiv
faces between novel liquid phaprocesses continues to bear fr
terial and process inventions. T
ing built toward more pilot-scale
lowing us to demonstrate not o
also more proof of industrial-s
components are embedded in e
in the markets by end customer
product based in part on printe
VTT continues to be an active p
cross-national-level jointly fund
tinue to promote more develop
systems.
Figure 1. Observations on the printed intelligence industry, and drivers to commercialisation at
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
7/90
6
The community also aims to enforce supporting infra-
structure in the areas of education, research and financing.
In addition to industrial money, these efforts are strong-
ly backed by regional and national public funding sourc-
es, including the EU. This funding is enabling the building
of the PrintoCent pilot production facilities at VTT in Oulu.
The first equipment is already installed and operational in
the hall, and the biggest line will be delivered in 2011.
With this unique piloting environment, VTT and its partners
are now able to develop and manufacture prototype prod-
ucts on the first industrial scale. This allows companies to
reduce the commercial and technical risk before investing
in their dedicated commercial-scale production lines. We
warmly invite companies and investors to contact us to
see how the PrintoCent network and VTTs services andtechnologies could help expedite developments from R&D
laboratories to products in the market.
The emerging printed intelligence industry and its custom-
er value chains require new types of solution providers
and system integrators offering new business opportuni-
ties. In part, VTT and the PrintoCent community promote
the emergence of a Finnish printed intelligence industrialcluster. For this reason, we at VTT also encourage our re-
searchers to seek spin-off opportunities. Furthermore, VTT
has started work with Invest in Finland to help companies
establish printed intelligence R&D units and other opera-
tions in Finland.
More proof of cash inflow
Materials companies have carried much of the industrialweight in developments to date in the printed electronics
and printed intelligence industry. This is only natural, as
materials are a key enabler. These companies are there-
fore in an excellent position to capture significant added
value once the end product markets take off.
gies and capabilities to the
and systems. This is also a
equipment suppliers, syste
velopers and producers to d
the evolving supply and cus
Potential end customers fo
also learning in practice abas well as the limitations) of
innovation around near-term
root. Product ideas are rap
tested in the market and eff
are on the way.
VTT Printed Intelligence is
this and is looking to furthethe aim of seeing their prod
oratory to industrial product
We would like to thank all o
ners, colleagues, financial
ners. We hope this report e
nies and people with entre
actively approach us to leanological possibilities and to
commercial use.
November 2010
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
8/90
Ha
VPMichartel.
Jani-Mikael Kuusisto
Business development managerDirector, Printed Intelligence commericialisation [email protected]. +358 20 722 3008
Terho Kololuoma
Research CoordinatorPrinted [email protected]. +358 20 722 2154
Customer managers, Business arena coordinators and Technolog
Antti Kemppainen
Customer managerPrinted IntelligenceConstr. & energy
Eero Hurme
Customer managerPrinted IntelligenceCPG
Arto Maaninen
Research ProfessorVP of microelec. &sensors
[email protected]. +358 20 722 2348
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
9/90
8
Orion Diagnostica is a pioneer in printed diag-
nostics. Since 2003, Orion Diagnostica has par-
ticipated in open-minded research in this field in
collaboration with VTT Technical Research Cen-
tre of Finland. The role of Orion Diagnostica hasbeen to bring the customers voice to the tech-
nology-driven world of printing. No doubt, the
emerging potential of printed intelligence will
open a new era for combining traditional print-
ing technology with a variety of innovative appli-
cations as well as broad multidisciplinary exper-
tise in, e.g., microbiology, chemistry, material
sciences and product design. The ultimate goalis to come up with future products and services
that not only offer novel, convenient and cost-
effective production but also completely new
benefits and solutions to the customer.
Novel cleanliness monitoring solutionmade possible by printing
The first example of the fruit ful collaboration betweenOrion Diagnostica and VTT is Orion Clean Card PRO
(Figure 1), which was launched in 2009. Orion Clean
Card PRO is a new-generation, instrument-free hygiene
test for monitoring one of the fundamentals of good hy-
giene: the effectiveness of surface-cleaning practices.
Printed diagnostics at Orion Diagnostica
for example, to ensure a
simpler, faster and more
giene of all surfaces that a
dition to food manufactureisations with stringent hyg
benefit from using the tes
giene standards in hospita
Simple, reliable and cost-e
Figure 1. Orion Clean Card P
very quickly that surfaces arbe in places with high stand
handling or hospitals. Photo
Aino Takala, Jaakko Rissanen
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
10/90
been key to the development of Orion Clean Card PRO
(Figure 2). This award is granted every second year in
recognition of an innovation with industrial application
and substantial commercial potential in the chemicalfield.
Contact infoFor further information on Clean Card PRO and Ori-
on Diagnostica developments in printed diagnostics,
Figure 2. The winning team: from Orion Diagnostica, Leena Aro, Anne-Marie Ackermann, Vesa Kylm, Juhani Luotola, Pauli ina Pettil and Pivi R ikkinen-Holm; from VTT, Mikko Kerne
Salonen and Jenni Tomperi. Photo: Juha Rahkonen
range covers diagnostic test
diseases and disorders affect
metabolism, as well as specific
says. Its hygiene monitoring teinstitutions to detect contamin
or product residues and to mo
cleaning and disinfection routi
hygiene requirements.
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
11/90
10
Consumer packaged goods (CPG) theyre so
familiar, require little involvement from us, and
often so inexpensive to use that we as consum-
ers may not have noticed the rapid evolution
within these product categories. But take al-most any CPG category or individual brand and
think back 10, 20, 30 years. Most certainly the
product category you are thinking about and
the brands within them despite their familiarity
will have changed significantlyif nothing else
at least the packaging looks a little different and
the products are available in more places than
before. Also, if you were to search for informa-tion on these brands, you would find a range of
online content and services intended to support
the use of said products.
CPG products and brands will continue to develop and
evolve. In this section we explore how printed intelligence
will in part be shaping their future.
The challenge: better performance andeco-efficiency
Today the CPG sector is faced with challenges from in-
creasing cost of energy and raw materials. Furthermore
environmental sustainability including finding ways for re-
Taking consumer packaged goods sustathe digital era
techniques. The next front
perience and emphasizing
time optimising product
ing waste.
Meanwhile, many attention
today have been enabled b
computing devices, inform
Gradually with ubiquitous (
little item in the world is ex
itself and be connected to
the sensibility of such a vis
sion has already been a keelectronics.
While durable goods could
ducing such functionalities
ble CPGs particularly with
tainability seems like a f
intelligence, VTT is approa
perspective of introducingwith the aim of extending t
so that they more effective
wider information systems.
Printed intelligence technol
CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
Eero Hurme, Jani-Mikael Kuusisto
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
12/90
The rapid market expansion of smar t phones during the
past few years has started to bring some relief. Mobile
devices increasingly come with embedded cameras
that can read codes and images on packaging and oth-
er printed media - linking the consumer to online con-
tent with increasing ease. With further improvements to
usability, these so called cross-media or hybrid-media
solutions will eventually hit mainstream. Rapid advanc-
es in mobile software and hardware are currently driving
this development. With printed intelligence technologies
some of this value-add will also be captured in the phys-
ical items themselves. Most importantly from the per-
spective of high volume cost effective products no ex-
pensive electronic tags or modules on packaging are re-
quired to get started. Instead new types of coding and
ink technologies will bring access codes and sensing/in-dicator features, which make the physical product and
package a key component in the usage paradigm. Fur-
thermore this will make the scarce package graphics real
estate more visually appealing and consumer engaging
increasing the communications and media value of pack-
ages. Some examples of technologies already proven in
the lab and available for first market trials are covered in
the coming articles.
New products with printed componentsWith further developments in printed intelligence sub-
strates, materials, printing processes, printed systems
and their interconnections to wider information systems
more advanced functionalities may begin to make their
way into high volume CPG products and packaging. In
addition to connecting physical packaging and productsto online content and services, printed intelligence also
enables the enhancement of existing product categories
with new printed features introduced into the products
themselves or the development of fully new types of CPG
products, which build on novel printed functionalities.
as this could already be realise
ics components. However, by
nents into these systems, the
more cost effectively and with
ed components also introduce
sibilities for product design.
New inks and substrates are b
printed functionalities sustaina
CPG products. However, the
ume products, especially those
ponents, still requires more de
collaboration with waste man
businesses. New separation te
dling are in development.
Where it startsPrinted intelligence technologi
products to the digital era. Ra
made possible through the co
ligence with traditional packag
turing techniques, plus the ubiq
phones and other mobile read
Ultimately the vision is to inc
products to consumers, and
tal product sustainability. The
back-end information systems
tionality within a package or p
lenge to predict and will likely
gories. VTT works closely with
Moving Consumer Goods) brasmaller CPG companies to dev
ing and emerging technologies
nies and their consumer resear
turn fuelling R&D for next gene
companies throughout the CPG
CONSUMER P
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
13/90
12 CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
Holographics in packaging is considered to
provide nice dynamic effects that liven up the
graphics and increase the attractiveness of
packages. Being confined to a limited number
of production technologies and carrier materi-als limits its use. At the same time, most of to-
days holographic solutions are seen to produce
harmful waste during production and after use.
VTT has developed technologies and process-
es to produce holograms without metals and
vacuum-coated materials, so production is sim-
Taking packaging graphics to the next levecological holograms
ple and no harmful wa
bilities for graphic des
panded, as these ecol
cost-effectively applie
which has not been po
IntroductionTraditionally, holograms p
that came to the front of t
ed from a specific angle. T
3D effect. Simple holograp
Raimo Korhonen, Eero Hurme, Olli-Heikki Huttunen
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
14/90
CONSUMER P
for packaging decoration for several years. These are no
longer 3D but dynamic. The image changes when it is
looked at from different angles or when the angle of the
light changes. These images are visible in normal light-
ing environments. A metal coating is used to give a goodreflection on the surface and a strong effect. Sometimes,
these effects are even considered too strong and visual-
ly distracting. VTT has developed technology to produce
sufficiently strong and visually appealing effects without
metal coatings.
Technology: Production by hot
embossingVTTs ecological holograms are produced by a process
called hot embossing (Figure 1). In this process, a heat-
ed tool is pressed onto the surface of the substrate. The
nanoscale patterns on the surface of the tool are cop-
ied onto the surface of the substrate by applying heat
and pressure. The nanoscale patterns form diffractive
gratings that guide the light beams that hit the surface
to form holographic images. Thus, no materials, such aspigments, are used to make the colours and images, only
surface patterns are required.
The production of holograms can be integrated into print-
ing or packaging phases in the manufacturing chain. For
vide large dynamic visual effect
patterned, or small patterned a
Without the need for metallic fi
of producing transparent hologmore freedom to combine the
holograms with static printed
provide subtle effects imitating
ice or water, or they can provid
to attract attention.
Figure 2. VTT ecological holog
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
15/90
14 CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
uct packaging (Figure 3). At the core of its development
is the combination of a wide range of skills in optics, ma-
terials, biomaterials, machine and processing technolo-
gies that expand beyond those of traditional holograph-
ics. As an example, in order to decrease the environmen-
tal burden of coated papers, VTT has developed a starch
coating that can be used instead of mineral coatings. Thestarch coating in paper improves its printability and at
the same time improves the thermoplastic properties of
the surface. In other words, holograms can now be pro-
duced directly onto the paper coating something that is
not possible with mineral coatings.
One application of VTTs ecological hologram technolo-
gy is transfer holograms. A user obtains a hologram stick-er and can transfer the hologram image onto a wide va-
riety of surfaces, using either heat or just hand pressure.
These holograms can even be applied to 3D surfaces.
Transfer holograms can supplement the existing transfer
image markets: dynamic images on stickers for children,
Vision: dynamic graNow designers can selec
brary, pattern them and co
ages. In the future, design
gram design themselves w
diately shows how the des
surface of a 3D model of a
Ecological holograms on p
ward a vision of making dy
ages. VTT is also developin
minating surfaces and prin
ture, these technologies pr
dynamic and illuminating p
AcknowledgementsThis work was conducted VTT. The main scientists in
Tomi Erho, Johanna Hiitola
Heikki Huttunen, Raimo Ko
Sipilinen-Malm, Antti Sunn
This work was funded by
Funding Agency for Techno
Figure 3. Holograms used in packaging.
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
16/90
CONSUMER
VTT has developed several novel solutions
for the digital enhancement of packages. One
method uses recognition of objects in the cam-
era phone image to identify the package and
connect to additional digital information. Anoth-er method uses augmented reality to create en-
tertainment linked to the package. Responses
to these kinds of solutions have been positive
in the user trials and business studies carried
out by VTT. The enhancement technologies of-
fer benefits to all players in the value chain, and
the consumer will also be better informed.
IntroductionMore and more information competes for the limited
space on packages. Consumers want easily readable in-
formation in multiple languages. At the same time, the
brand owner wants to communicate directly to the con-
Enhancing the package with mobile digitalinformation and augmented reality
Caj Sdergrd, Jouko Hyvkk
sumer and receive his or her fe
come the space limitations an
active is to offer additional pro
ers mobile phone. This print-to
often referred to as hybrid med
Several technical solutions exi
between the physical packag
Image processing programs i
can read the existing EAN 1D
packages [1] as well as 2D ma
ual codes hidden in the print
can be read [3]. Codes can aby recognising the package a
camera image using mobile i
ogy (fingerprinting). In addition
electronic linking methods inc
and even ultrasonic methods.
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
17/90
16
Benefits for the end-user and brandownerVTTs user and business studies [4] show that hybrid me-
dia offer benefits in the form of cost savings, new busi-
ness opportunities, added value to existing business
and increased customer loyalty to all players in the val-
ue chain. For the end-user, it holds clear promises be-
cause modern consumers increasingly want product in-
formation such as origin, production conditions, ecologi-cal footprint, user instructions and prices. For the impor-
tant food product category, many want information and
recommendations on nutritional content and recipes. In
some cases, it is not enough to view the information, the
user also wants to transfer the product information to his
formance processors, graage, fast connections and
have multiple accurate c
readers and 3D displays
projection. These smart
nicate with their physical
uct packages, in numerou
course also communicate
frigerators in this Internof product information, su
databases maintained by
will be opened to the cons
ation in which every produ
that all consumers can ac
Figure 2. Augmented reality enhancement of printed object like books and packages. Thi
on a laptop computer with web camera, on a smartphone or with special glasses.
CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
18/90
mobile application is mainly used as a user interface: tak-
ing a picture of a product from any viewing angle and
then showing the recognition result and digital content to
the user (Figure 1).
Compared with other actors in the mobile image rec-
ognition field, such as Googles Goggles and Nokias
Point&Find, VTTs solution can easily be integrated into
the printing production process, enabling an automatic
generation of database models.
VTTs image-based hybrid media technology is not lim-
ited to packages. For example, in [5] it was used to link
the pages of an everyday English study book to assort-
ed digital content such as listening tasks and gram-
mar exercises. In this trial, it was tested extensively by a
school class of children.
There are currently more than 750 million illiterate adults
in the world, but the mobile phone penetration rate is
still high, even in regions such as Africa. Using the im-
age recognition technology with, e.g., a medicine pack-
age, could link the user to digital content such as spo-
ken dosage instructions.
Using augmented reality to entertainthe consumerConsumer entertainment is also important in package
communication. VTT has studied augmented reality (AR )
as a novel tool to create playfulness connected to pack-
ages. In AR, the view of a package as seen through the
camera of a phone or laptop is overlaid with correct-ly positioned and scaled 3D graphics. When the pack-
age is moved in front of the camera, the overlaid graph-
ics move accordingly. The 3D graphical representation is
either linked to the package by printed graphical cues
markers or by scene recognition similar to that de-
AcknowledgementsOf the numerous VTT staff eng
augmented reality, the followin
tive packages in the Immedia
AR package projects: Maiju A
sa Hakola, Pertti Moilanen, Tat
Timo Kinnunen, Otto Korkalo,
nen, Anu Seisto and Anna Vilja
References[1] Jrvinen, P., Jrvinen, T
dergrd, C. HyperFit: hyb
tion and exercise managem
Conference on Pervasive
for Healthcare (PervasiveH
30 Jan.-1 Feb. 2008. IEEE
[2] Bckstrm, C., Sdergrd
eo processing method fo
ing of printed barcodes w
media Content Analysis, M
al 2006. Proceedings of S
607.
[3] Hnninen, H., Nuutinen,
and Annoyance of Digital in Finland 36(2007)1, pp. 2
[4] Lindqvist, U., Aikala, M
la, L., Mensonen, A., Moil
Laukkanen, M. 2010. Hy
Printelligence. Espoo: VTT
(VTT Working Paper 142.)
http://www.vtt.fi /inf/pdf/w
pdf.[5] Seisto, A., Federley, M., K
Book alone is not enough
ing material with digital m
VTT, 2010. 37 p. + app. 3
2539.) ISBN 978-951-38-7
CONSUMER P
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
19/90
18
Paper as base material enables low-cost biode-
gradable and functional solutions with a wide
range of product design possibilities. The main
advantages of paper for this use are versatility
in design and the potential for extremely high-
volume production. Together, these can also
create opportunities in completely new applica-
tion areas, especially when combined with ac-
tive elements that enhance functionality.
Currently, the CPG industry is very interested in improving
performance with less waste. This translates into a need
for enhanced functionality and environmental sustainabil-ity. Fortunately, paper with (bio)active functionalities can
help in both of these areas. In this article, we discuss bio-
active paper and other printed indicators.
Novel functionalities and companionproducts enable better performanceIn terms of performance, (bio)active paper can help in
two ways. Firstly, it enables the development of com-pletely new types of CPG products based on novel print-
ed functionalities. Secondly, it can be used in compan-
ion products, which can help in the choice and use of the
product. Examples of these include different indicating
and monitoring tests, such as cleanliness indicators to
Active paper enables new biodegradable for the consumer packaged goods indust
Figure 1. Coloured water d
which fluid-guiding channe
Kalle Airo, Tomi Erho
CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
20/90
tegrating the novel functions into the package itself and
into the companion products discussed above.
Companion products andbiodegradable materials lessen wasteBioactive paper can help to reduce waste in two ways.
The companion products mentioned in the earlier para-
graph can help consumers to use the correct amounts
of products. On the other hand, paper is biodegradable
material that can also be recycled. This makes it more en-
vironmentally sound than many rival materials. This is of
great importance, as environmental sustainability is a ma-
jor focus area of R&D activ ities in the CPG industry.
Digital and physical productexperiences convergeIn addition to simple, visually readable indications, more
information and services can be included in the indica-
tor using a mobile phone reader. Currently, hybrid me-
dia are often based on 2D barcodes and camera phone
software that reads them. In the future, image recognitionwill most probably be used to recognise packaging with-
out barcodes or other indicators visible to the human eye.
VTT has been developing hybrid media, i.e., solutions
linking printed media to the Internet, since the 1990s. In
ufacturing needed to bring the
use. VTT also develops softwa
ital product experiences using
puters together with printed int
AcknowledgementsThis work has been conduct
ple within VTT in numerous re
Act, BioAct2, Sustainpack and
volved in this work include Ju
tinen, Maria Smolander, The
Hurme, Nikolai Beletski, Jali He
CONSUMER
CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
21/90
20 CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
A novel printed memory technology has been
developed for low-cost, high-volume applica-
tions. The memory is electrically post-fabrica-
tion programmable and features a simple, re-
sistive, low-voltage read and write. The mem-
ory cards target applications such as access
codes to services (ePIN) and electronic ques-
tionnaires (storage-on-paper). The work is part
of the PriMeBits EU FP7 project coordinated
by VTT.
Introduction
Printed logic and memory is estimated to gain a signifi-cant market by the end of the current decade [1]. Rele-
vant application areas range from simple data-carrying
cards to programmable RFID tags. The research and
development efforts on different printable memory tech-
nologies have increased during recent years with clear
successes, for example, in mass fabrication, reliability,
low-voltage operation and retention time. Here we focus
on the resistive Write-Once-Read-Many (WORM) mem-
Printable memory cards
Ari Alastalo, Tomi Mattila, Terho Kololuoma, Jaakko Leppniemi
ories that are based on t
(RES) [2-5] developed by V
In RES [2-5], after printing
plied over the printed cond
sintering of the nanopartic
matic change in the cond
corresponds to writing of
write-once-ready-many m
0 state vs. the high cond
nal resistance can be syst
trolled, e.g., by the value
pansion to a multi-level opethe memory capacity. Sev
methods can be used for
ample, either an external
can be used or a memory
ricated on the printed prod
each of the bits can be ga
contact such that of the N
CONSUMER
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
22/90
CONSUMER
Application opportunitiesElectronics access codes
To demonstrate electronic pin-code (ePIN) applicat ions,
low-cost memory cards and reading/writing deviceshave been developed. The codes stored on the cards
as shown in Figure 1 can link to personalised informa-
tion on the internet or provide access codes to services
(tickets, online services, etc.). The increasing availability
of SD card slots in laptop PCs can provide a convenient
interface to the memory cards.
Electrical inquiry cardsThe electrical inquiry card demonstrator, shown in Figure
2, is developed together with Stora Enso. Possible ap-
plications for such products are in marketing, customer-
feedback collecting (such as conference feedback), and
gaming. In this demonstrator a printed flexible battery
Figure 2. The electronic questionnaire card demonstrator developed in the PriMeBits-project b
[2] Sepp, H. and Allen, M. P
[3] Allen, M., Aronniemi, M.,
Ojanper, K., Suhonen,
cal sintering of nanopachnology, Vol. 19 (2008
Nano/19/175201.
[4] Leppniemi, J., Aronniem
Alastalo, A. & Sepp, H. P
Flexible Substrate Based
ing of Nanopar ticles, in pr
Electron Devices.
[5] Alastalo, A. et al. Printableories and their application
ence, Frankfurt, Germany
[6] Nicanti Oy. Nicanti Printe
www.nicanti.com/
22 CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
23/90
22 CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
In the future, industrial consumer package
goods designers will gain more design free-
dom, as manufacturing technology develops to-
wards more flexible, design-friendly and inex-
pensive forms of integrated new functionalities
and electronics. New methods will change the
production processes and enable manufactur-
ing of entirely new kinds of products.
New levels of consumer engagement topackagingWith integrated new functionalities or simple electronics,
consumer packaged goods can be made more appeal-ing, desirable or eye-catching. Products with, e.g., holo-
graphic figures (Figure 1) or blinking LED lights (Figure 2)
will be noticed more easily by consumers.
Future products could also be smarter and activate the
eye-catching feature only when somebody approaches
or touches them, with, e.g., integrated capacitive sen-
sors.
Printed functional fi lms embedded into copackaged goods and packaging
Kari Rnk
The consumer packaged
act as a user interface, h
quire more information on
opinions and ratings, and
Consumers could also an
feedback using a user inte
uct package, e.g., by mea
and memory elements.
How is the integratVTT is conducting active
ed electronics and hybrid
smart systems. The resemanufacturing technologie
functionalities, injection m
ponent assembly to enabl
new technology into tradit
tively low cost. This appro
Systems.
CONSUMER P
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
24/90
CONSUMER P
Figure 2. LED lights integrated
onstrator produced in PrintoC
New printed components, roll-to-roll processing, and
the integration of post-printing assembly and integra-
tion processing offer unique potential for new products,
and leaner and efficient logistics and value chains with
less material loss and mechanical parts. This all leads
to more compact and environmentally friendly productswith new interesting functionalities, appealing design
and intuitive and engaging user experiences.
VTTs competence and capabilities cover broadly the
whole value chain from materials, component design
24 CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
25/90
24 CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
VTT brings light to places no man has brought
light before. Researchers at VTT are developing
ultra-thin, printed light sources for displaying
dynamic signage icons, characters or numerals
on flexible planar surfaces. The realisation of
this novel signage technology is based on three
enabling platforms polymer light-emitting ma-
terials, printing deposition methods and roll-to-
roll processing techniques. VTT envisions that
the first generation product applications of its
printed OLED technology will be value-added
communication features that enhance the in-
teraction between fast-moving consumer prod-ucts and their end-users.
IntroductionAccording to the market research and analyst firm Na-
noMarkets, signage products manufactured using print-
ed and organic electronics are expected to generate a
2.5 billion dollar worldwide market within the next five
years [1]. While most of the attention on OLED technol-ogy comes from a lighting and display industry perspec-
tive VTT has chosen to focus on developing technolo-
gy to produce high-volume OLED signage products. This
strategic decision positions VTT and its technology in
the cross section of the two fast-growing OLED target
Thin OLED light sources bring life and logimoving consumer products
Riikka Suhonen, Markus Tuomikoski, Jukka Hast, Riku Rikkola
Figure 1. Flexible printed O
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
26/90
26 CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
27/90
Biobased, biodegradable and/or recyclable so-
lutions are in increasing demand in packaging
applications due to the growing concerns about
environmental issues. VTT has world-class ex-
perience of developing paper and board all the
way from fibre composition to the final printed
product for multiple applications
Increasing demand for biobasedsubstrates
A number of printed intelligence features, especially elec-
tronic features, require a stable, smooth and preferably
non-absorbent substrate. For this reason, different kinds
Biobased substrates for printed intelligenc
Tomi Erho, Pia Qvintus
of synthetic plastics have b
for printed electronics dev
commonly used in a range
thus providing an easy ba
tionalities directly.
Due to the growing concer
together with the uncertain
companies, together with
looking for new biobased,
solutions. Paper wrapping
evident examples of such s
CONSUMER P
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
28/90
Figure 2. Paper coating can be performed roll-to-roll with a range of equipment on various sc
The surfaces of these materials may need to be formed
differently, however, in order for them to function well with
printed electronic features [1].
VTT can develop and pilot from fibre to the final product
VTT has world-class experience in developing paper andboard for multiple applications all the way from fibre com-
position to the final printed product. VTT has extensive
development experience as well as on-going activities in
the development of biobased materials to replace syn-
thetic materials or minerals in, for example, paper and
References[1] Bollstrm, R., Mttnen,
P., Kaihovirta, N., sterba
vakka, M. A multilayer coa
suitable for printed functio
Vol 10 (2009) 5, pp. 1020-[2] Bryner, M. Making paper
Week, Vol. 168 (2006) 2, p
[3] Harlin, A., Edelmann, K.,Im
Pingoud, K. & Wessman,
sions - Spearhead Progra
28 MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
29/90
Diagnostics are an essential part of health care
and the research-based industry. VTT offers ca-
pabilities for the whole development chain, from
biomarker research and recombinant antibody
development to microfluidic platform design
and mass manufacturing.
Diagnostic tests are essential inmodern health careDiagnostic tests are an important part of health care. Cur-
rently, some 60-70% of medical decisions are based on di-
agnostic tests, and the diagnostics industry is now a mul-
ti-billion-dollar market. There is a growing requirement for
low-cost, mass-manufactured, point-of-care (POC) solu-
tions however. These POC tests are needed in the build-
ing up of the health care systems in developing countries
as well as for improving the efficiency of the systems in de-
veloped countries. They are used by medical profession-
als in hospitals, physicians offices, ambulances and re-
tail clinics as well as by the patients and consumers them-
selves at home.
For medical professionals, point-of-care testing enables
faster decision-making and streamlining of health care proc-
esses, as less tests need to be conducted in central labo-
ratories. For consumers, POC tests make it easier to moni-
proach reduces the sample
of immunoassays and enab
sation, integration and auto
Roll-to-roll printingmanufacturing and
VTTs expertise in roll-to-r
cost-effective and high-vol
agnostic products. It also
test products, which can ev
prototyping with the same
Cost savings can be achie
duction methods. E.g. pap
cheaper than the current m
es are considerably faster t
methods. The reduction in
the tests, which in turn en
novation in health care and
The use of printing processin the design of diagnostic
designed for, e.g., ease of
results. This versatility in d
tial for extremely high-volum
opportunities for the diagn
Printed intelligence offers new opportunitidiagnostics and research-based industrie
Markku Knskoski, Tomi Erho, Kalle Airo
MEDICAL
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
30/90
30 MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
31/90
This article compiles the benefits of roll-to-roll-
fabricated microfluidic platforms and highlights
their suitability for life science applications.
Microfluidics in a nutshellMicrofluidics refers to a multidisciplinary science field in-
volving the control and manipulation of fluids in geometri-
cally constrained microscale devices. Microfluidic lab-on-
a-chip technologies represent a revolution in laboratory
experimentation, bringing the benefits of miniaturisation,
integration and automation to many research-based in-
dustries. The attractiveness of microfluidics is based on
several inherent advantages such as minute sample con-
sumption, the integration of sample preparation and anal-
ysis steps, as well as reduced analysis times.
Microfluidics has facilitated major biochemical applica-
tion advancements in diagnostics, bioterrorism detection
and drug discovery. Numerous potential applications ex-
Roll-to-roll polymer-based microfl uidics foapplications
ist for biotechnology, pharm
riculture, etc. Cell sorting a
ics and clinical diagnostic
patient-operated assays a
est in life sciences.
The future looks briAccording to the EMMA Em
ic Applications report by Y
covery was recognised as
ics. Microfluidic products h
SME and the big instrumen
their way to becoming part
ogies used in research app
Many diagnostic companie
ics on their development ro
to support their growth st
identified as an enabling te
Ralph Liedert, Lotta Amundsen, Markku Knskoski
MEDICAL
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
32/90
Figure 2. Rolls of roll-to-roll hot-embossed plastic film with microfluidic channel structures.
opment of the point-of-care and molecular biology mar-
kets [1].
Microfluidics has a strong competitive advantage in the
diagnostic market, enabling analysis automation and
decentralisation, as well as in facilitating molecular di-
agnostic emergence and success [1]. The microsystem
technologies market for healthcare applications is ex-pected to grow from $1.2 billion in 2009 to $4.5 billion in
2015, representing over 1 billion units per year in 2015
[2]. It is predicted that wireless systems will exceed the
market share by as much as 50% [2].
Roll-to-roll (R2R) hot emboss
manufacturing method for p
es in which a heated embos
features onto a continuous th
(Figure 2). The relatively short
stamp roller and the polymer fi
enables all essential hot embo
ed and controlled in sub-seco
Owing to the continuous web
less operator-dependent and
piece-by-piece-handled static
Once the optimum parameter
32 MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
33/90
aim of capturing target molecules from the sample. The
results are very promising. Electrophoretic separations
of nucleic acid sequences on R2R-fabricated platforms
have also been demonstrated [3, 4].
Towards greater complexityFuture projects aim to integrate additional functionali-
ties into printed microfludic chips, such as hydrophobic/
hydrophilic surface patterning, printing of biomolecules,
and on-chip solutions for valves, switches, thermo reg-
ulation and electrical connectivity. A high grade of in-
tegration helps to reduce the amount of special equip-
ment currently still used for chip handling, such as exter-
nal pumps, filters, illumination and read-out devices. On-
chip solutions will also make this technology more wide-
ly accessible beyond the doctors offices and other on
site use. The ease of use, high reliability, long shelf life
and low-cost solutions for microfluidic chip platforms can
boost the commercial future of this technology.
AcknowledgementsThis work has been conducted by a number of peoplewithin VTT. The main scientists in charge of the research
were Ralph Liedert, Leena Hakalahti, Sanna Uusita-
lo, Marika Kurkinen (R2R technology), Harri Siitari, Hans
Sderlund, Lotta Amundsen, Tarja Nevanen and Petri Sa-
project: Orion Diagnostica
Ltd, Medisize Ltd, Glycos
Ltd, Labmaster Ltd, Ciba
Panimolaboratorio Brygge.
References[1] EMMA Emerging Mar
tions. Yole Developmen
[2] BioMEMS 2010. Mi
healthcare application
203 p.
[3] Amundsen, L. et al. Tr
of affinity capture and
chips. LACE2009 15
of Biotechnology, Bi
and Industrial Applicat
sis and Microchip Tech
tober 2009.
[4] Amundsen, L. et al. Tra
gel electrophoresis on
Bioanalytical Research
nasaari, 30 September
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
34/90
34 MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
35/90
Label-free technology offers higher throughput and re-
quires a far lower sample quantum, making it attrac-
tive to companies involved in fragment-based drug dis-
covery. [2]
Polymer-based optical sensors meetthe requirements of massproducible,
disposable sensor chipsConventional analytical techniques are usually expen-sive, both in terms of personnel and equipment, and one
of the principal requirements is to perform screening
tests without a specialised infrastructure. The limitations
of current sensors include large dimensions, sometimes
Figure 1. Optical waveguide-based concept for label-free sensing.
MEDICAL
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
36/90
Figure 3. Mould and printed polymeric replica of a 2 m single-mode waveguide containing a
riod of 400 nm.
atively low temperatures as well as their potential for
low-cost production. With a printing method, high
quality integrated optical platforms and circuits can be
fabricated at relatively high volumes [3, 4]. An addition-
al advantage of printing fabrication is the fact that sub-
micrometer or sub-wavelength nanophotonic features
are processable during the same process step, with
other features. Figure 3 shows an example of this kind
of device containing a single-mode optical waveguide
with a sub-wave length refl ector producing optical res-
onance effects.
AcknowledgementsThe Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre of the University
36 MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
37/90
VTT is developing R2R printing technologies
for manufacturing microfluidic platforms that
can be used in diagnostics and environmen-
tal analyses. The microfluidic approach reduc-
es the sample volume and performance time
of immunoassays. Printing technology offers
a flexible and low-cost way to mass manufac-
ture disposable diagnostic chips for the point-
of-care market.
Immunoassays are used to detectsmall amounts of biomarkersImmunoassays are most commonly used to detect
small amounts of biomarkers from human sera or physi-
ological fluids, and to screen for infectious or toxic sub-
stances and environmental contaminants. Today, this is
most often performed in microtiter plates in 96-well for-
mat in a laboratory environment. Due to the increasing
need to reduce healthcare costs, there is a growing de-
Printed microfl uidic platforms for immuno
Leena Hakalahti
mand for simple, easy-to-
quantitative immunoassay
offices and at home. Nitr
assays form the first gene
(POC) tests, but as they ar
results, as such, more sopextensive development.
Miniaturised solutiodiagnostics
The microfluidic approach
technology platform for t
ised solutions for in vitro d
monitoring. In microfluidic
and test performance tim
ly. When microtiter wells a
ics, the sample volumes c
100 ls down to l level and
several hours down to a fe
MEDICAL
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
38/90
VTT offers the whole chain ofcapabilities for the development ofpoint-of-care assay platforms
VTT has effecti vely bui lt capabi lit ies to offer new so-
lutions for customers in the diagnostic fi eld. VTTs re-
search panel contains the whole chain from biomar-
ker research and recombinant antibody development
to microfluidic platform design and fabrication. The print-
ed intelligence approach with R2R printing technology of-
The detection of cardvirus antigens has beVTT has demonstrated immu
chips fabricated by the metho
diac biomarkers (CRP, proNT
some virus antigens have b
lytes. In these assays, specifi
ies have been immobilised on
ture the analytes from the sam
Figure 1 b) Fluorescence signals of the CRP immunoassay in microfluidic channels.
0 ng/ml 0,1 g/ml 1,0 g/ml
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
39/90
MEDICAL
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
40/90
Paper as a base material for diagnostics tools
enables low-cost biodegradable solutions with
novel design possibilities. VTT has demon-
strated a paper-based diagnostic test in which
the detection antibodies were inkjet-printed on
paper. This technology could open complete-ly new application areas for the diagnostics in-
dustry.
Paper provides a sustainable materialsolution for diagnosticsWith growing demands for low-cost, quick and easy-to-
use diagnostics, a need for biodegradable material solu-
tions is emerging. The natural tendency of paper to ab-
sorb liquids, together with the fact that paper is a biode-
gradable material from non-food biomass, makes it an
ideal platform for low-cost indicative diagnostics.
Printed paper diagnostics could widenthe application areas for diagnosticsResearch and development of paper-based diagnostics
has attracted an increasing number of research groups
worldwide [e.g. 1-5] Simple paper-based testing has the
potential to improve health-care processes in the devel-
oped countries, make diagnostics more widely available
in developing countries and enable new tools to be used
Paper-based immunodiagnostics
Tomi Erho
or instructions could also be p
sheet as the tests.
Technology demonstrpotential
VTT has developed a printed,test. This has been demonstr
test that shows if haemoglobi
plied to the paper test. The ou
seen visually as two lines for
haemoglobin is present in th
well-known indication method
cy tests.
The paper was specially develo
der to have suitable physical
tics of the paper sheet. Captu
printed on the paper. From th
flow test was constructed, sim
lose-based lateral flow test de
taining detection antibodies co
ticles was dropped on the lowe
liquid flowed through the test m
lines were formed on the pap
there was a detectable amou
sample.
40 MEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
41/90
This work has been carried out in the BioAct2 Project,
which was made possible by the financial support of
Tekes the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and
Innovation. The author would also like to acknowledge
the financial support of the following companies and
the invaluable guidance of the representatives of these
companies in the steering group of the project: UPM-
Kymmene Oyj, BASF Oyj, Tervakoski Oyj, Orion Diagnos-
tica Oy, Hansaprint Oy and Oy Medix Biochemica Ab.
ReferencesThe details of this research were published in an oral
speech in the Next Generation Dx Summit, Washington
DC, 24-26.8.2010. The details were also written in a sub-
mitted article: Lappalainen, T. et al. Cellulose as a novel
substrate for lateral flow assay.
[1] Pelton, R. Bioactive paper provides a low-cost plat-
form for diagnostics. Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
Figure 1. When the sample liquid contains no haemo-
globin (left), only one line is formed to show that the test
has functioned. When the sample liquid contains a de-
tectable amount of haemoglobin (right), two lines are
formed.
MEDICAL
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
42/90
VTT has developed point-of-care knowhow and,
for this reason, reader technology is also an im-
portant part of this development. The POCTER
reader is suitable for several types of applica-
tions. In the future, wireless and touch-screen
displays will enable more powerful use of thereader.
IntroductionPoint-of-care (POC) tests are a growing market. They are
typically used in the home and ambulances as well as
health centres and hospitals. Point-of-care solutions and
their development require reader technology to analyse
and archive results.
POCTER is based on the imaging of thetest
VTT has developed a rapid and quantitative point-of-
care test reader (POCTER) that is reliable and easy to
use (Figure 1). The reader is a small (150x70x50 mm 3),
hand-held device for systematic analysis and archiving
of measurement data. This reader is based on imaging
of the test. In addition to normal imaging, this reader can
image selected spectral components as well as fluores-
cence samples.
POCTER allows POC tests to be analysed
Rami Mannila
Wireless and touch-scfuture of POCTER
An independent reader with a to
developed based on this reade
formed in the reader and the re
reader or transferred via a wire
puter or server. The reader co
violet or infrared LEDs, besides
Figure 1. The POCTER reader
Business from technology
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
43/90
POCTERPoint-Of-Care Test Reader
POCTER - rapid and quantitative lateral flow test
strip reader is reliable and easy to use. POCTER is
a small, hand-held device for systematic analysis
and archiving of lateral flow strip measurement
data.
Features:
Flow channel analysis based on fluorescence emission or
particle reflectivity
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of fluorescent label and
gold particle test strips
Real-time analysis of reaction kinetics
High dynamic-range imager for lateral strips
Interchangeable mechanical adapter for various lateral flow
test cartridges
Small size
Analysis software
Illumination LEDs for different kind of lateral strips
Red (630 nm), green (530 nm) and blue (470 nm)
Benefits:
Reliable, versatile de
Significantly reduces
Easy to use - also su
Care (POC) applicat
Low volume shipme
Licensing and contr
manufacturing
Standard model specifications
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
44/90
44 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
45/90
Innovative products from Printed HybridSystemsIn the future, industrial product designers will gain more
design freedom, as manufacturing technologies devel-
op towards more fl exible, design-fr iendly and inexpen-
sive forms of electronics. New methods will change theproduction processes and enable manufacturing of
entirely new kinds of products.
Modern electronics manufacturing and communica-
tions technology offers countless possibilities to cre-
ate new types of consumer products that are intelli-
gent and connected to the surrounding environment.
The work of VT T Printed Inte lligence in the consum-er electronics business arena focuses on the follow-
ing key areas.
Increased connectivity and functionalityFirstly, many products are already capable of connect-
ing to the Internet. With advances in integrated elec-
tronics, these will increasingly interface and inter-
act with other physical objects and smart devices. By
creating simple modules, such as the compact mo-
bile phone microscope with integrated LED illumina-
tion, there can now be a new easy-to-use interface be-
tween printed matter and the digital world. These elec-
movement, sounds, powe
ity readings. These create
for remote monitoring and
frastructure. Increasing th
tionality in consumer pro
tance of improving the usFuture user interfaces will
larger areas, and be embe
more intuitive, thereby pro
periences. VTT has worke
es such as in-moulded op
ible, wide-area-printed 3D
Thi rdly, many consumer pelectronics or sensor fun
is huge potential for new
crease the functionality o
ucts. An example could be
an embedded temperatur
is too hot. Another examp
simultaneously measures
embedded strain gauges(
Enabling new appliFuture applications of pla
include mobile phones an
New electronics manufacturing technologgreater freedom for product design
Kari Rnk, Howard Rupprecht
CONSU
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
46/90
ing approach, the printed electronics industry also
benefits from faster time-to-market compared with
fully printed products such as backplanes for flexi-
ble OLED displays. VTT is actively building a global-
ly unique pilot production facility to enable proof-of-
concept demonstrations and small-scale productionramp-up for customers.
Design freedom at low costsThe Printed Hybr id Systems approach g ives designers
greater freedom to create new types of products with
the following attributes:
Flexibility and light weight
Low-cost conformal integration
3D system miniaturisation air out
Intuitive user interfaces
Large-area embedded functionality
technology platform that can
electrical and mechanical fun
New printed components, ro
the integration of post-printi
offer unique potential for newalso enable leaner logistics a
material loss and fewer mecha
to more compact and envir
ucts with new functionality, a
intuitive user experience.
VTTs competence and broad
whole value-chain from mate
and processing to system in
onstrations, process control
manufacturing. With active in
ment, these developments are
Figure 1. The usability of everyday items can be improved by integration.
46 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
47/90
A microscope add-on module for a camera
phone has been developed at VTT. The core
component of the module is a special plastic
lens that can be manufactured cost effectively
in large volumes by injection moulding. Since
its introduction a few years ago, the modulehas raised great interest in several companies
and fields of technology.
IntroductionMedical point-of-care diagnostics is developing at a rap-
id pace, as the results of biotechnology research find
their way into commercial products. Product packag-
es will also contain increasing intelligence in the future.These are examples of printed functional ities that are
The mobile microscope used as an interfaapplications
Jukka-Tapani Mkinen, Raimo Korhonen
being developed at VTT.
phones have become sta
of us carry around in our p
use these devices as inte
plications.
The add-on device can be
bile phone cameras and it
tures of objects at 0.01 m
nation of portability, conn
capability make mobile ph
developing new devices.
achieved with the add-on
al applications ranging fronostics and entertainment
CONSU
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
48/90
The microscope module is very small, so it fi ts in thepocket and forms a very compact analysis package
with a mobile phone (Figure 1). The manufacturing
costs of the module are extremely low compared with
traditional microscopes [2]. Images can be recorded,
processed and shared in an instant, on the spot, with-
out the need to take the imaged object to a special lab-
oratory. All the communication possibilities of the mo-
bile phone can be used to send and access informa-
tion. This offers opportunities to vendors to make com-
pletely new types of service products based on web
access.
Paper surfaces have randocause very small printing va
make every printed code indiv
can be generated in the cod
cial algorithms when engravin
make copying of the codes ex
variations can be detected b
scope because of its high re
techniques can also be used
face microstructure.
The microscope module is st
different types of mobile phon
Figure 2. Image of a blood smear sample taken with a mobile microscope.
48 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
49/90
the print quality near the printing machines during trials
runs and immediately send photos to their centrally lo-
cated knowledge centres for analysis and quick advice.
The mobile microscope helps make
diagnosesOne of the most basic tools in medical diagnostics is the
microscope. It is the first tool in the evaluation of many
diseases, such as skin cancer, tuberculosis, malaria and
parasites. The great benefit of combining a microscope
with the mobile phone platform is the ability to record
and transfer images in an instant with a device that can
be carried around easily. In developing countries around
the world, there are many remote locations in which cel-lular phone networks are available outside the electric
grid. These networks can be used to transfer images
taken with the mobile microscope to doctors and spe-
cialists who can analyse the images and make a diagno-
sis. With the help of GPS location data connected to the
pictures, the doctors can also follow the progression of
infectious diseases in real time.
The mobi le microscope can be used for point-of-care
purposes by combining it with printed components for
applications like home pregnancy tests or blood sample
analysis (Figure 2). Microvias printed on disposable test
the Finnish Funding Age
vation. The project concen
applications of the device
based technology and ser
Add-on module tecspecificationsSize: 82mm x 37mm x 12m
Weight: 32g (including bat
Imaged area: 3mm x 4mm
Image resolution: 5m-10
camera)
AcknowledgementThis work has been condu
within VTT. The main scien
were Jukka-Tapani Mkin
Kernen (optical instrume
(point-of-care diagnostics)
rity markings and print qua
References[1] Mkinen, J-T. & Kern
a microscope add-on
phone. Proceedings o
658507-110.
CONSU
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
50/90
In the future, industrial product designers will
gain more design freedom, as manufacturing
technology develops towards more flexible,
design-friendly and inexpensive forms of elec-
tronics. New methods will change the produc-
tion processes and enable manufacturing ofentirely new kinds of products.
Modern electronics manufacturing and communications
technologies offer huge potential to create new types of
consumer products that are smart and connected to the
surrounding environment. An example could be a baby
spoon that has an embedded temperature sensor to
warn if a product is too hot. Another example could be asmart jug that simultaneous ly measures and weighs the
content with embedded strain gauges.
Future applications employing plastic-based electronics
could include mobile phones and electronic appliances,
particularly for the home and the automotive industry . It
will also be possib le to make, for example, new types of
From consumer products to consumer elecproducts
lighting and decoration produ
sors, light sources and light gu
What can hybrid systeoffer future consumer
VTT is conducting active resed electronics and hybrid ma
tems. The research focuses o
ing technologies such as roll
ties, injection moulding and t
sembly to enable seamless in
nology into traditional produc
cost. This approach is called
(PHS).
In the future, electronic produ
freely, as electronics circuits a
instead of conventional rigid
possible to produce compar
ics in very large quantities usin
continuously running roll-to-r
ogy.
Kari Rnk, Jukka-Tapani Mkinen, Mikko Paakkolanvaara
50 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
51/90
Figure 2. Examples of future possibilities of design and added functionalities by hybrid inte
uct can be upgraded to new attractive designs. b) Electronic products can be made water
a)
b)
In addition to simple pass ive structures like conductors,resistors and dielectrics, active optoelectronic compo-
nents such as Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
and Organic Photo Voltaics (OPVs) have also been print-
ed at VTT. VTTs aim is to create hybrid systems, and to
weight measurements. Senents such as an OLED d
solar cells have been man
ble foil. The foil, with additio
integrated into the handle
CONSUM
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
52/90
Figure 3. Technology and concept demonstrators for hybrid systems and polymer integration
1. Large-area-printed capacitive sensor system for new types of user interfaces, e.g., in gam
2. Flexible autonomous power source and storage integration with roll-to-roll-printed organic
thin film batteries for, e.g., wireless sensors.
3. NFC-powered, flexible OLED with SMT diode and capacitors for, e.g., point-of-sales envir
52 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
53/90
and CPUs, as well as high-throughput and high-yield
manufacturing processes such as lamination, printing,
bonding and encapsulation. The integrated manufactur-
ing vision is combined with roll-to-roll-compatible, stop-
and-go post-processing or component assembly on flex-
ible foil and injection moulding.
Figure 2 shows some examples of future possibilities of
design freedom. The added functionalities have been vis-
ualised by industrial designer students inspired by the po-
tential of plastic integration.
What have concepts and demonstrators
already proven?VTT Printed Intell igence has designed and manufac-
tured several integration concept demonstrations in a
number of research projects over the past couple of
years. Flexible systems and rigid 3D structures based
on assembled foil over-moulding are shown in Figure 3.
VTT Printed Intelligence partner for
future productsVTT Printed Intelligence is actively looking for opportu-
nities to create new polymer-based customer products
with interesting, new value-adding features, appealing
design and new user experiences. VTT Intelligence could
The research work on syste
in several projects, includin
SPANT, and was made po
of Tekes the Finnish Fu
and Innovation. System in
mous Cost Efficient Energopment was carried out in
nanced by the European C
CONSU
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
54/90
VTT Printed Intelligence objectives for lighting
focus on developing thin, flexible and cost-ef-
ficient solutions. Cost-efficiency will be sought
by roll-to-roll processes and the ability to inte-
grate lighting elements into product structures
and product packages. The main application ar-eas of interest are decorative lighting, backlight-
ing and point-of-purchase, signage and interior
lighting, and architectural lighting. VTT technol-
ogy development in flexible lighting has focused
on fully roll-to-roll printed OLEDs (Organic Light
Emitting Diodes; inorganic LED chips in lami-
nated multilayer polymer foil structures and the
integration of lighting elements into smart pack-aging and products.
IntroductionThe global lighting market is currently going through radi-
cal change and it is therefore considered one of the most
dynamically developing fields in electronic devices. The
main technical drivers for this disruption are the rap-
id progress in Solid State Lighting (SSL), semiconduc-tor technologies, and organic and large-area electron-
ics. On the other hand, changing legislation and societal
needs, such as improved energy efficiency, sustainability
and CO2 reduction, are shaping customer behaviour and
Flexiblility of lighting enables new end produ
The solubility of the polymer ma
OLED technology enables the
deposition techniques such as
ing as a deposition method h
tages compared with vacuum
which are the traditional procmolecule-based OLEDs. Thes
high speed of fabrication, low
wastage, and low processing
ables the use of flexible subs
comprise direct patterning, fab
well as the use of well-estab
and machinery.
The flexible, thin polymer OLE
by VTT will be manufactured b
a continuous, scalable, roll-to
technology platform to meet fl
verse, rapidly changing market
The first generation of flexible
be applied to a wide variety oflow cost and short product lif
of this next-generation techno
ly improved lifetime expectancy
value propositions freedom o
Kimmo Kernen, Kari Rnk, Riku Rikkola
54 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
55/90
within multilayer polymer foils and finally laminate the foils
together using hot lamination. The lamination process
melts the polymer layers together and produces effec-
tive shielding for LED chips and contacts against envi-
ronmental stresses, such as moisture and pressure. It is
also possible to use the laminated structure as an insert
in the injection-moulding process to achieve freeform 3D
illumination structures. The approach of combining sev-eral manufacturing technologies gives designers greater
freedom to create new types of products with the follow-
ing attributes:
Flexibility and light weight
red. In addition, it can be
(UV) and infrared (IR) LED
nation modules can be ba
screen-printed phosphorou
colour chips in each illumin
effect. The colour mixture
our illumination system imp
main visible region colour Lthin, colour display implem
of UV and IR LED chips als
mentation of various kinds
communication application
Figure 1. Roll-to-roll processed OLED lighting elements.
CONSUM
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
56/90
From lighting elements to functionalsystems
VTT Printed Intell igence also develops system integra-
tion of lighting elements on flexible plastic substrates
into smart packaging, general and automotive lighting
as well as signboards. The main objective is the devel-
opment of multifunctional plastic foils with high com-
pactness, a high degree of autonomy, overall integrationof several functionalities and reduced installation costs.
System performance, reliability and cost optimum will
be sought for the specified application requirements.
This will be done through hybrid integration of the best-
The work with embedded LED
in the FILAS Project, which wa
nancial support of Tekes the
Technology and Innovation. S
ment is being carried out in, fo
Project financed by the Europe
Figure 2. Flexible illumination d
(contains six 25 x 25 mm2blue
thickness of 300 m).
56 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
57/90
The increasing importance of good usability in
electronics products is leading to a requirement
for new flexible, large-area user interfaces. The
development is also driven by ubiquitous intelli-
gence, which leads to a requirement for embed-
ded and visually appealing or non-disturbingUIs. Two new approaches are described here:
in-moulded optical touch screens and flexible,
wide-area-printed 3D user interfaces.
IntroductionThe importance of integrated user interfaces is growing
rapidly due to the increasing amount of embedded func-
tionality in consumer products. A clear trend can also beseen in the increasing size of user interfaces. A good ex-
ample of this is the wide adaptation of touch screens, e.g.,
in terminal devices. Printed electronics also offer an op-
portunity to implement large-area sensors cost-efficiently.
Two new user interfaces (optical touch screens and large
area sensors) have been introduced by VTT.
In-moulded optical touch screensKey benefits of in-moulded touch screen technology are
perfect transmissivity, due to the fact that no new layers
are introduced between the actual screen and the view-
er, and 3D formability, which allows the addition of touch
New user interfaces
Antti Kernen, Antti Kemppainen
Figure 1. Light attenuation i
Figure 2. Overmoulded tou
CONSU
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
58/90
tenuated when the screen surface is touched (Figure 1).
When several light sources and detectors are used as an
array, the signal attenuation can be localised, leading to
touch screen operation (Figure 2).
The new manufacturing method developed and patented
by VTT leads to a very cost-efficient, simple and robusttouch screen product. The manufacturing technology is
based on a flexible, roll-to-roll-printed wiring board on
which the components are attached using the pick-and-
place assembly process. The flexible component board
is then put into the injection moulding process. The in-
jection moulding forms the 3D mechanics of the prod-
uct (Figure 3).
Wide-area-printed, contactless userinterfaceRoll-to-roll printing can be used to produce capacitive
sensor structures in sizes exceeding the typical panel
Figure 3. Part of the overmoulded optical touch screen.
3D forms can be implemented in the moulding process,
even though touch components can be assembled in a
planar structure.
interactive posters. The senso
3D-formable and flexible integr
In addition to the printed sens
electronics card is required fo
processing. The electronics ca
and z co-ordinates to the applan embedded system.
AcknowledgementsThis work has been carried o
projects and was supported fi
Finnish Funding Agency for Te
This work has been conductewithin VTT. The main scientists
were Janne Aikio, Mikko Heikk
ti Korhonen, Mikko Koutonen,
saukko-Oja. Special acknowle
Figure 4. Non-contact user inte
controller.
58 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
59/90
Flexible displays offer benefits of being light-
weight, robust and bendable and thereby unique
advantages over conventional display technol-
ogy. Before flexible displays enter the markets,
the ancillary electronics also need to be flexible.
This article gives an introduction to and an over-view of flexible electronic backplanes used to
control and drive flexible displays.
How do backplanes work?Flexible displays can be made using different technol-
ogies, such as liquid crystals, electrophoretics, elec-
trowetting and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Regardless of the display technology, the electron-ic platform driving the display also needs to be flexible.
This electronic plat form, called the display backplane,
consists of a grid of transistors that switch the display
pixels on and off.
Benefits of using flexible substrates inmanufacturing
The market interest in flexible displays originates from theirproperties of being lightweight, thin, bendable and en-
during against mechanical impact. Compared with con-
ventional rigid glass substrates, the use of flexible sub-
strates gives freedom to backplane manufacturing tech-
Printed backplanes for fl exible displays
Kimmo Solehmainen, Henrik Sandberg, Antti Kemppainen
plays one of the fastest gr
tronics.
The future of large-backplanes for flex
The ease of applying printinnology to the realisation of t
display technology. As it ha
that OLEDs can be realised
nology, it would be logical
planes as well. A major cha
from the fact that OLEDs a
This sets stringent requirem
in terms of performance anno doubt that we will see l
for OLEDs in the future, b
large-area, roll-to-roll print
for some other display tech
Technological consElectrophoretic displays (
plays (LCDs) are driven by ier applications than OLED
backplanes. For portable e
flective LCD configurations
and good contrast. When
CONSUM
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
60/90
devices and materials for organic transistors and display
backplanes are studied in the project. The major tech-
nological outcome will be enabled by applying nanoim-
print lithography when realising small transistor channel
lengths, resulting in a revolution in organic transistor per-formance. A further leap in transistor performance will re-
sult from the self-aligned transistor fabrication concept,
which accurately sets the critical patterns and layers on
top of each other.
Figure 1. An artistic rendering of VTTs vision of a flexible display based on solution processing
[2] Solehmainen, K. Printable
realisation of integrated c
Converging Electronics W
19-21 October 2010.
60 CONSTRUCTION AND ENERGY
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
61/90
One potential application field for printed in-
telligence, especially sensors, is construction
and energy. The technological requirements in
these application fields differ significantly fron
those in disposable applications, such as the
consumer packaged goods arena. Long lifetimeand high performance are required, and there-
fore, relatively mature and proven technolo-
gies tend to dominate in these capital-intensive
fields. However, there are increasing demands
for new ubiquitous sensing technologies, e.g.
for structural health and safety monitoring in the
built environment. Printed electronics can offer
new technologies suitable for large-area, highlyintegrated, cost-effective sensing applications.
Due to the requirements of hybrid systems in
this application space, the most feasible option
is to use the benefits of both printed and mature
silicon-based electronics for this topic
Introduction
In industrial applications, increasing automation of proc-esses and systems leads to ever-greater demands for
measurements. These measurements can be crucial to
extending the lifetime, reducing the maintenance costs
and increasing the safety of an industrial product. All
sustainable solutions. The
for, e.g., automatic contro
and lighting.
These mentioned demand
direction of ubiquitous (or ing a very high integratio
products and systems. P
cost-efficient, highly integ
technologies.
Benefits of printedPrinted intelligence offers
can enable new sensing soespecially:
High throughout, wide
and roll-to-roll process
able to produce sens
for large surfaces. Th
monitoring industrial c
buildings.
Drivers of printed intelligence adoption in tconstruction and energy sectors, and theand home environments
Antti Kemppainen
CONSTRUC
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
62/90
Figure 2. Large-area-printed strain gauge sensors are suitable for, e.g., windmill wings (photo:
62 CONSTRUCTION AND ENERGY
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
63/90
In other words, the strain gauge sensor matrix can
be used to measure a bending or distortion profile of
a large structure such as roof beams, masts of sailing
boats, windmill wings, etc. (Figure 2). Alternatively, large
sensors can be used for integrated entrance monitor-
ing in floor carpets or as safety switches in industry (lo-
cating people in hazardous zones). Printed strain gaugesensors can be manufactured to be compatible with
most of the existing wired or wireless measurement in-
frastructure.
Figure 4. Picture collage of an intelligent couch in SuomiSoffas display at the Ageing Servi
needs to be integrated int
enic or architectural reaso
interfaces can be embed
er materials.
Similar technologies can a
behaviour. Figure 4 showsat the Finnish Ageing Ser
are able to detect moveme
Applications can be built f
elderly.
CONSTRUC
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
64/90
64 MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
8/11/2019 Embalajes del futuro.pdf
65/90
Materials, printing processes and the compo-
nents they enable are the basis for new print-
ed intelligence. Two core strengths of VTT are
the extensive knowledge and experience of its
staff of material process interfaces and its ex-
tensive research and pilot production facilitiesfor printed intelligence. Activities and invest-
ments in these have continued to be strong.
The following extended abstracts highl ight work car-
ried out at VTT in materials and processes with poten-
tial for a wide range of end applications. These and oth-
er related efforts are all designed to take printed intelli-
gence out of the lab and make volume production a re-ality for companies actively developing or looking to de-
ploy printed intelligence technologies in end products.
Expanding the application space withnew materials and processes
As was shown in previous sections of this report, roll -
to-roll printing and coating of novel printed