Elements and the Periodic Table COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING SCIENCE.

Elements and the Elements and the Periodic TablePeriodic Table

COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING SCIENCESCIENCE

The Modern Periodic Table - The Modern Periodic Table - JournalJournal

1.What happens to properties when you move from left to right across the table?

2.What type of elements are in yellow? In green? In blue?

3.What is an important fact about the Actinide series?

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

PROPERTIES ARE GROUPED BY PROPERTIES ARE GROUPED BY COLUMNSCOLUMNS

Example - Example - Group (Family 1) – Alkali Group (Family 1) – Alkali MetalsMetals

What is similar?What is similar?

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?

1.1. State: solid, liquid, gasState: solid, liquid, gas

2.2. Natural & manmade: (91 of the first Natural & manmade: (91 of the first 92 are natural)92 are natural)

3.3. METALS, NONMETALS & METALS, NONMETALS & METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS

PROPERTIESPROPERTIESMETALSMETALS Mostly solid,Mostly solid, Good conductors of electricity and heatGood conductors of electricity and heat

METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS All solidsAll solids Properties between metals and nonmetalsProperties between metals and nonmetals Known as ‘semi-conductors”Known as ‘semi-conductors”

NONMETALSNONMETALS Solids, liquids and gasesSolids, liquids and gases Good insulatorsGood insulators

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

Classified by Properties

What happens to properties when you move from left to right across the table?

ELEMENTS BECOME LESS METALLIC AND MORE NON-METALLIC

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

Elements in a group have Elements in a group have SIMILARSIMILAR (not (not identical) identical) PROPERTIESPROPERTIES because they because they have the same number of valence have the same number of valence electronselectrons

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

ALKALI METALS (group 1):ALKALI METALS (group 1): Single valence electronSingle valence electron EXTREMELY REACTIVEEXTREMELY REACTIVE Reactivity increases from Reactivity increases from

top to bottomtop to bottom

It is not a metal, but Hydrogen is It is not a metal, but Hydrogen is

grouped here. Why?grouped here. Why?

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

ALKALINE EARTH METALS (group 2):ALKALINE EARTH METALS (group 2): TWO valence electronsTWO valence electrons Less reactive than group 1Less reactive than group 1

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

BORON FAMILY (group 3A):BORON FAMILY (group 3A): THREE valence electronsTHREE valence electrons FYI- Aluminum is the most FYI- Aluminum is the most

abundant metal in Earth’s crustabundant metal in Earth’s crust

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

CARBON FAMILY (group 4A):CARBON FAMILY (group 4A): FOUR valence electronsFOUR valence electrons FYI- Except for water, most FYI- Except for water, most

compounds in your body compounds in your body contain Carbon.contain Carbon.

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

NITROGEN FAMILY (group 5A):NITROGEN FAMILY (group 5A): FIVE valence electronsFIVE valence electrons FYI- Nitrogen and FYI- Nitrogen and

Phosphorous are used to Phosphorous are used to make fertilizers.make fertilizers.

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

OXYGEN FAMILY (group 6A):OXYGEN FAMILY (group 6A): SIX valence electronsSIX valence electrons FYI- Oxygen is the most FYI- Oxygen is the most

abundant nonmetal in abundant nonmetal in Earth’s crust, and Earth’s crust, and OzoneOzone is is another form of oxygen.another form of oxygen.

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

THE HALOGENS (group 7A):THE HALOGENS (group 7A): SEVEN valence electronsSEVEN valence electrons EXTREMELY REACTIVEEXTREMELY REACTIVE Reactivity increases from Reactivity increases from

bottom to topbottom to top FYI- Halogen means “salt FYI- Halogen means “salt

former”.former”.

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

THE NOBLE GASES (group 8A):THE NOBLE GASES (group 8A): EIGHT valence electronsEIGHT valence electrons INERT (don’t react easily)INERT (don’t react easily) FYI- make “neon” lights when FYI- make “neon” lights when

a current is passed thru a current is passed thru them.them.

JournalJournal1.1. Color in the Periodic Table given to Color in the Periodic Table given to

you and color it in according to the you and color it in according to the following LIST. following LIST.

Use a different color for each of the items below.Use a different color for each of the items below. Metals Metals Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals Transition MetalsTransition Metals MetalloidsMetalloids NonmetalsNonmetals HalogensHalogens Noble GasesNoble Gases

5.1 – Journal5.1 – Journal1.1. Check your Periodic TableCheck your Periodic Table