Elements

PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:

FAHAD BIN MUHAMMAD.FAHAD BIN MUHAMMAD.

INSTRUCTOR:INSTRUCTOR:

Ms. AFSHEEN KHALIL.Ms. AFSHEEN KHALIL.

PRESENTATION DATE:PRESENTATION DATE:

30 SEPTEMBER, 2006.30 SEPTEMBER, 2006.

•Elements are grouped as being either Metals or Non-metals.

•All metals have a definite melting and boiling point.

ELEMENTSELEMENTS•Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom.•There are about ninety elements that make up all the materials on earth.•Every element has its own symbol which is a type of code or shorthand for the actual element itself.

ElementsElements

ELEMENTS - SYMBOLS

Aluminium

Bromine

Calcium

Fluorine Nitrogen

Iron

Magnesium

Hydrogen

Gold Oxygen

Al

Br

Ca

F

Au

H

Fe

Mg

N

O

An An elementelement is made up is made up of only one type of of only one type of atom. An atom is a tiny atom. An atom is a tiny particle which can only particle which can only be seen using a special be seen using a special microscope.microscope.

The smallest amount of The smallest amount of an element you can an element you can have is one atom. have is one atom. Different atoms make Different atoms make up the different up the different elements, giving them elements, giving them different properties.different properties.

ELEMENTSELEMENTS

The Reactivity of Elements

Elements can combine together in a chemical reaction to form mew substances.

Not all elements react easily whilst others are very reactive.

Elements can be arranged according to how readily they react. This is called the

REACTIVITY SERIES.

E.g. Potassium is the most reactive metal whilst Gold is the least reactive metal

THE PERIODIC TABLE

Scientists have organised all of the Elements into a chart called the Periodic Table.

The elements are arranged in order depending upon their Physical Properties( such as Density) and their Chemical Properties ( such as Reactivity).

THE PERIODIC TABLE

PERIODS:

The elements with in a period have dissimilar properties from left to right across any period, the physical & chemical properties of elements change from metallic to non metallic along a period.

There are seven periods in periodic table.

THE PERIODIC TABLE

GROUPS:

The vertical columns are called groups

Basically there are eights groups (I to VIII) but each group is further divided into “A” & “B” sub groups.

H H 11

Li Li 33

Na Na 1111

K K 1919

Rb Rb 37 37

Cs Cs 5555

Fr Fr 8787

Be Be 4 4

Mg Mg 1212

Ca Ca 2020

Sr Sr 38 38

Ba Ba 5656

Ra Ra 8888

Sc Sc 2121

Y Y 3939

La La 5757

Ac Ac 89 89

Ti Ti 2222

Zr Zr 4040

Hf Hf 7272

V V 2323

Nb Nb 4141

Ta Ta 7373

Cr 24

Mo 42

W 74

Mn 25

Tc 43

Re 75

Fe 26

Ru 44

Os 76

Co 27

Rh 45

Ir 77

Ni 28

Pd 46

Pt 78

I

II III IV V VI VII

O

1

2

Cu 29

Ag47

Au 79

3

4

5

6

7

Per

iod

Group

Element

Atomic number

Zn 30

Cd 48

Hg 80

B B 55

Al Al 1313

Ga Ga 3131

In In 49 49

Tl Tl 8181

C C 66

Si Si 1414

Ge Ge 3232

Sn Sn 50 50

Pb Pb 8282

N N 77

P P 1515

As As 3333

Sb Sb 5151

Bi Bi 8383

O O 88

S S 1616

Se Se 3434

Te Te 52 52

Po Po 8484

F 9

Cl 17

Br 35

I 53

At 85

He He 2 2

Ne Ne 1010

Ar Ar 1818

Kr Kr 36 36

Xe Xe 5454

Rn Rn 8686

Most reactive metals

Very uncreative

gasesMost reactive

non-metals

THE PERIODIC TABLE

METALS AND NON-METALS

Metals

Non-Metals

Usually hard and shiny. They are usually difficult to melt and are good thermal and electrical conductors.

Usually gases or solids that melt easily. Most are good insulators as they are poor thermal and electrical conductors. The solids are often powdery or brittle.

ELEMENTELEMENT SS ELEMENTELEMENT SS ELEMENTELEMENT SS ELEMENTELEMENT SS ELEMENTELEMENT SS

hydrogenhydrogen HH titaniumtitanium TiTi technetiumtechnetium TcTc gadoliniumgadolinium GdGd radonradon RnRn

heliumhelium HeHe vanadiumvanadium VV ruthenium ruthenium RuRu terbiumterbium TbTb franciumfrancium FrFr

lithiumlithium LiLi chromiumchromium CrCr rhodiumrhodium RhRh dysprosiumdysprosium DyDy radiumradium RaRa

berylliumberyllium BeBe manganesemanganese MnMn palladiumpalladium PdPd holmium holmium HoHo actiniumactinium AcAc

boronboron BB ironiron FeFe silversilver AgAg erbiumerbium ErEr thoriumthorium ThTh

carboncarbon CC cobaltcobalt CoCo cadmiumcadmium CdCd thuliumthulium TmTm protactiniumprotactinium PaPa

nitrogennitrogen NN nickelnickel NiNi indiumindium InIn ytterbium ytterbium YbYb uraniumuranium UU

oxygenoxygen OO coppercopper CuCu tintin SnSn lutetiumlutetium LuLu neptunium neptunium NpNp

fluorinefluorine FF zinczinc ZnZn antimony antimony SbSb hafniumhafnium HfHf plutoniumplutonium PuPu

neonneon NeNe galliumgallium GaGa tellurium tellurium TT tantalumtantalum TaTa americiumamericium AmAm

sodiumsodium NaNa germanium germanium GeGe iodineiodine II tungstentungsten WW ceriumcerium CmCm

magnesiummagnesium MMgg

arsenicarsenic AsAs xenonxenon XeXe rheniumrhenium ReRe berkelium berkelium BkBk

aluminiumaluminium AlAl seleniumselenium SeSe caesiumcaesium CsCs osmiumosmium OsOs californiumcalifornium CfCf

siliconsilicon SiSi brominebromine BrBr bariumbarium BaBa iridiumiridium IrIr einsteiniumeinsteinium EsEs

phosphorusphosphorus PP kryptonkrypton KrKr lanthanumlanthanum LaLa platinumplatinum PtPt fermiumfermium FmFm

sulphursulphur SS rubidiumrubidium RbRb ceriumcerium CeCe goldgold AuAu mendeleviumendeleviumm

MdMd

chlorinechlorine ClCl strontiumstrontium SrSr praseodymiupraseodymium m

PrPr mercurymercury HgHg nobeliumnobelium NoNo

argonargon ArAr yttriumyttrium YY neodymium neodymium NdNd thalliumthallium TlTl lawrenciumlawrencium LrLr

potassiumpotassium KK zirconzircon ZrZr promethiumpromethium PmPm leadlead PbPb KutchatoviuKutchatoviumm

KuKu

calciumcalcium CaCa niobiumniobium NbNb samariumsamarium SmSm bismuthbismuth BiBi

scandiumscandium ScSc molybdenummolybdenum MoMo europiumeuropium EuEu poloniumpolonium PoPo

Elements and their symbols