Elementary School Level Glossary - NYU Steinhardtsteinhardt.nyu.edu/scmsAdmin/media/users/atn293/social_studies... · Elementary School Level Glossary Social Studies ... KATHLEEN

Elementary School Level

Glo

ssar

y Social Studies Glossary

English / Nepali

Translation of Social Studies terms based on the Coursework for Social Studies Grades 3 to 5.

Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing accommodations for ELL/LEP students

Updated November 2016

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

NYS LANGUAGE RBE‐RN AT NYU PAGE 1 2012

GLOSSARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ENGLISH ‐ SPANISH

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

P‐16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education

Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University

BETTY A. ROSA, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D. ............ Bronx T. ANDREW BROWN, Vice Chancellor, B.A., J.D. ………………......................................... Syracuse NAN EILEEN MEAD, B.A. ………….................................................................................. Manhattan JOSEPHINE VICTORIA FINN, B.A., J.D. ……………………................................................... Albany BEVERLY L. OUDERKIRK, B.S., M.S. ............................................................................. Saratoga ELIZABETH. S. HAKANSON ……………........................................................................ Onondaga CATHERINE COLLINS, B.S., M.S., Ph.D. ....................................................................... West New York JAMES R. TALLON, R., B.A., M.A. ................................................................................. Binghamton ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D.................................................................................................. Great Neck JUDITH JOHNSON, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ............................................................................ Mid-Hudson

LUIS O. REYES, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ................................................................................. New York LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. ..................................................................... Oakland Gardens CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. .......................................................................... Staten Island WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. .............................................................................................. Rochester JUDITH CHIN, B.S., M.S., ............................................................................................... Queens KATHLEEN M. CASHIN, B.S., M.S., Ed.D...................................................................... Brooklyn JAMES E. COTTRELL, B.S., M.D....................................................................................... New York

Commissioner of Education President of The University of the State of New York MARYELLEN ELIA

Executive Deputy Commissioner ELIZABETH BERLIN

The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including Braille, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234. Requests for additional copies of this publication may be made by contacting the Publications Sales Desk, Room 319, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.

SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY – ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL

NYS Statewide Language RBERN 1

ENGLISH NEPALI

A A.D. सन् abilities �मताह� absence of government सरकारको अनुप��थित absentee ballot अनुप��थित मतपत्र accomplishments उपल��ह� achievements उपािधह� acid rain अ� वषा� across time and place समय र �ेत्र भ�र action plan काय� योजना activities िक्रयाकलापह� adults वय�ह� aerial photographs वायुचर त��रह� AFL-CIO AFL-CIO Africa अिफ्रका agriculture कृिष Algonquians ए�ोन�े� alike/different मान/िभ� allegiance अिधनता alternative solutions वैक��क उपायह� altiplano ए��ानो altitude उचाइ amendment संशोधन American democracy: ideals, values/principles of

अमे�रकी प्रजात�: यसका आदश�ह� ,मह�/िस�ा�ह�

American Revolution, the Americas अमे�रकी प�रक्रमण ,अमे�रकाज Americas अमे�रकाज ancestor पूखा� Antarctic Circle कमे�वृ� Antarctica दि�ण धु्रव देश anthem गीत appoint िनधा��रत गनु� appointed leaders िनधा��रत अगुवाह� appointed office िनधा��रत काया�लय archaeologists पुरात�वे�ा Arctic Circle सुमे�वृ� areas �ेत्रह� arid िनज�ल art कला artifacts ह�कारीह�



ENGLISH NEPALI assembly सभा assembly line सभा रेखा authority अिधकार autobiographies आ�कथाह� autobiography आ�कथा automobiles �चािलत सवारी साधन availability उपल�ता avenues of participation सहभािगताका माग�ह� Aztecs ए�ेक

B B.C. ईसा पूव� backgrounds पृ�भूिमह� barter साटासाट basic मौिलक basin बेिसन Battle of Quebec �ेबेक को यु� battles य�ह� before/after पिहले/पिछ belief िव�ास belief system िव�ास प्रणाली beliefs िव�ासह� Bill of Rights अिधकार-पत्र biographies जीवनी-लेखह� biography िजवनी-लेख bodies of water जलका शरीरह� border सीमाना Boston Tea Party बो�न िचया समारोह boundary घेरा boycott बिह�ार branches of government सरकारका शाखाह� British North America Act बेलायती उ�र अमे�रका ऐन budget राज�

C cabinet म�ीम�ल cable केबुल calendar पात्रो campaign अिभयान Canada �ानेडा Canadian Bill of Rights �ानेिडयन अिधकार-पत्र canal नली

http://shabdkosh.com/translate/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5-meaning-in-Hindi-English



ENGLISH NEPALI capital (state and money) पँुजी (रा� र पैसा) capital goods पँुजी मालह� capital resources पँुजी संसाधनह� capitalism पँुजीवाद cardinal directions प्रमुख िदशाह� cause कारण celebrate महो�व मनाउनु celebration महो�व celebrations महो�वह� census गणना Central America के�ीय अमे�रका century शता�ी change प�रवत�न checks and balances चेक र �ाले� child labor बाल श्रम children बालबािलका Chippewa िच�ेवा choice छनोट choices छनोटह� citizen नाग�रक citizenship नाग�रकता civic life नाग�रक जीवन civic values नाग�रक मह�ह� civil rights नाग�रक अिधकार civil rights movement नाग�रक अिधकार आ�ोलन civil wars गृहयु� civilization सामािजक िवकास civilizations सामािजक िवकासह� clans कुलह� classroom क�ा-कोठाह� climate मौसम clothing पिहरन collect taxes करह� स�लन गनु� colonial सामूिहक colonial governments सामूिहक सरकारह� colonies उपिनवेशह� colonists उपिनवेशकह� colony उपिनवेश Committees of Correspondence पत्र-�वहारका सिमितह� common good समान िहत commonwealth समान धन

http://shabdkosh.com/translate/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7-meaning-in-Hindi-English



ENGLISH NEPALI Commonwealth of Nations रा�� ह�का समान धन communication स�ार communism सा�वाद communities समुदायह� community समुदाय community service समुदाय सेवा compact सुस�� compare/contrast तुलना/िवभेद compass क�ास compromise स�झौता compulsory education अिनवाय� िश�ा computer क��ुटर confederacy गो�ता conflict �� conflict resolution �� िनवारण conflicts ��ह� congress कांगे्रस conquistador क��डेटर consequences प�रणामह� conservation संर�ण consideration मुआवजा Constitution of the State of New York �ु योक� रा�को संिवधान Constitution of the United States संयु� रा�को संिवधान constitutional democracy संवैधािनक प्रजात� consumer उपभो�ा consumers उपभो�ाह� consumption उपभोग consumption of goods व�ु�को उपभोग continent महा�ीप Continental Congress महा�ीप कांगे्रस Continental Divide महा�ीप िवभाजन continents महा�ीपह� contour समु� contrast िवभेद contributions योगदानह� cooperation सहयोग costs मू�ह� cotton belt सुतीको पेटी credit उधारो criteria मापद� cultural characteristics सां�ृितक िवशेषताह�



ENGLISH NEPALI cultural contributions सां�ृितक योगदानह� cultural differences सां�ृितक िभ�ताह� cultural diffusion सां�ृितक प्रसारण cultural diversity सां�ृितक अनेकता cultural groups सां�ृितक समूहह� culture सं�ृित

cultures - characteristics, distribution, complexity of सं�ृितह� - यसको िवशेषताह� ,फैलावट ,जिटलता

currency मुद्रा customs रीित-�रवाज

D day िदन De Witt Clinton िड िवट ��न decade दशक decision िनण�य decision-making िनण�य-िसज�ना decisions िनण�यह� declaration घोषणा Declaration of Independence �त�ताको घोषणा delta डे�ा democracy प्रजात� Democratic Party प्रजात� दल democratic principles प्रजाता��क िस�ा�ह� democratic values प्रजाता��क मह�ह� developed nations िवकिसत रा�� ह� developing nations िवकासशील रा�� ह� developments िवकासह� diagram रेखािचत्र diagrams रेखािचत्रह� dictatorship एकस�ावाद different/same िभ�/समान direction िदशा diseases रोगह� display प्रदश�न disputes िववादह� distance दूरी distribution फैलावट/िवतरण diverse अनेक diversity अनेकता document कागजात



ENGLISH NEPALI due process देय प्रिक्रया Dutch colonies डच उपिनवेशह� Dutch West India Company डच पि�म भारत क�नी

E earn कमाउनुहोस् Earth’s surface पृ�ीको सतह economic अथ� economic capital आिथ�क पँुजी economic concepts आिथ�क िवचारह� economic decision making आिथ�क िनण�य-िसज�ना economic decisions आिथ�क िनण�यह� economic development आिथ�क िवकास economic factors आिथ�क कारकह� economic growth आिथ�क वृ�� economic interdependence आिथ�क अ�रिनभ�रता economic systems आिथ�क प्रणालीह� economics अथ�नीित economies अथ�नीितह� effects प्रभावह� elect प्रभाव elected leaders िनवा�िचत अगुवाह� elected office िनवा�िचत काया�लय election िनवा�चन Ellis Island इिलस टापू emigrants उ�वासी empathy सहानुभूित employee कम�चारी employer िनयोजक encomienda system इ�ोिमए�ा प्रणाली encounter सामना गनु� enforce लागू गनु� English colonies अङ्गे्रजी उपिनवेशह� environment वातावरण environmental factors वातावरणीय कारकह� equality समानता equality of opportunity अवसरको समानता era काल eras कालह� ethnic प्रजाित ethnic group प्रजातीय समूह



ENGLISH NEPALI ethnicity प्रजातीय Europe यूरोप European encounter and exchanges - of technologies, plants, animals, diseases

युरोपेली सामना र आदान-प्रदान - यसका प्रिविधह� ,बोट-िब�वाह� ,जनावरह� ,रोगह�

events घटनाह� exchange आदान-प्रदान executive काय�कारी executive branch of government सरकारको काय�कारी शाखा expansion िव�ारण exploitation शोषण exploration अ�ेषण explorers अ�ेषकह� exports िनया�तह�

F facilities सुिवधाह� fact/opinion त�/िवचार factors of production उ�ादनका कारकह� factory उ�ोग family प�रवार far/near टाढा/निजक federal संघीय federal government संघीय सरकार festival चाडपव� festivals चाडपव�ह� flag झ�ा folktale लोक कथा folktales लोक कथाह� food खा�ा� forced relocation जबरज�ी पुनवा�स foreign policy िवदेशी नीित foreign relations िवदेशी स��ह� Fort Orange फोट� ओरे�ज foundation जग free enterprise िन:शु� उ�म free trade िन:शु� �ापार freedom �त�ता French Canadians फे्र� �ानेिडयनह� French colonies फे्र� उपिनवेशह� frontier सीमा� functions of government सरकारका प्रकाय�ह�



ENGLISH NEPALI fundamental economic questions मौिलक आिथ�क प्र�ह� fundamental values मौिलक मह�ह� future भिव�

G game खेल gender िल� generation पु�ा geographic characteristics भौगोिलक िवशेषताह� geographic factors भौगोिलक कारकह� geographic features भौगोिलक ��पह� geographic features/areas भौगोिलक ��पह�/�ेत्रह� geographic information भौगोिलक जानकारी geography भूगोलशा� geological processes भूवै�ािनक प्रिक्रयाह� global warming िव��ापी तापक्रम वृ�� globe पृ�ी globes पृ�ीह� goods and services - production, distribution, exchange, consumption of

माल र सेवाह� - यसको उ�ादन ,िवतरण ,आदान-प्रदान ,उपभोग

goods मालह� govern अिधिनय�ण governance अिधिनय�ण government सरकार Great Depression महा उदासी grid जाली Gross Domestic Product कुल देशी उ�ादन Gross National Product कुल राि�� य उ�ादन groups समूहह� growth वृ�� Gulf Stream ग� �� म

H habitat आवास Haudenosaunee हौिडनोसनी health �ा� hemisphere गोला�� historic events ऐितहािसक घटनाह� historical ऐितहािसक historical evidence ऐितहािसक प्रमाण historical narratives ऐितहािसक वण�नह� history इितहास



ENGLISH NEPALI

Holidays ( Columbus Day, Election Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, New Years Day, Dr. Martin Luther King Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Flag Day)

िबदाह� ( कोल�स िदवस ,मतदान िदवस ,भेटेरान िदवस ,ध�वाद िदवस ,नयाँ वष� ,डा .मािट�क लुथर राजा िदवस ,रा�� पित िदवस ,यादगार िदवस ,झ�ा िदवस)

home घर hopes आशाह� House of Representatives अमे�रकाको चुिनएका सभाका प्रितिनिधह� human मानव human capital मानव पँुजी human migration मानव प्रवास human migrations मानव प्रवासह� human resources मानव संसाधनह� human rights मानव अिधकार human settlements मानव ब�ी human systems मानव प्रणालीह�

I ideals of American democracy अमे�रकी प्रजात�का आदश�ह� ideas जु��ह�/उपायह� identity पिहचान immigrants आप्रवासीह� immigration अप्रवास important मह�पूण� imports आयातह� inaugurated confederation अिभषेक म�ल Incas इ�ास income आ�ानी indentured servant कराब� सेवक independence �ाधीनता indigenous peoples �देशी मािनसह� individual �� individual rights ��गत अिधकारह�

individual rights to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. जीवन ,�ाधीनता ,खुसी पिछ ला�े प्रित ��का अिधकारह�

individuals ��ह� industrial expansion औ�ौिगक िव�ार industrial growth औ�ोिगक वृ�� industrial growth/expansion औ�ोिगक वृ��/िव�ार Industrial Revolution औ�ोिगक प�रक्रमण industrialization औ�ोगीकरण industry उ�ोग



ENGLISH NEPALI inhabitants िनवासीह� interdependence पार��रक िनब�न interdependent अ�ो�ािश्रत international organizations अ�रा�ि�� य सं�थाह� interpret law कानूनको �ा�ा गनु� interpret laws कानूनको �ा�ा गनु� interpretations �ा�ाह� Inuits इ�ुट्स invention आिव�ार inventions आिव�ारह� Iroquois इरो�ोइस Iroquois Confederacy इरो�ुइस गोपनीयता irrigation िसँचाई issues मािमलाह� isthmus संयोग भूिम

J judgments िनधा�रणह� judicial अदालती judicial branch of government सरकारको अदालती शाखा judicial branch अदालती शाखा junta स�ाधारी सेना jury प�ायत jury service प�ायत सेवा justice �ाय

K kindergarten िशशु िव�ा

L labor श्रम labor force श्रम बल labor movement श्रम आ�ोलन labor union श्रम संगठन land formations जिमन बनावट land masses जिमन िप� languages भाषाह� Latin America �ािटन अमे�रका latitude िव� रेखा�र laws कानुनह� laws/rules कानुन/िनयमह� leaders अगुवाह�



ENGLISH NEPALI League of Nations रा�� ह�को संघ learn िस�ु legal कानुनी legends आ�ानह� legislative branch वैधािनक शाखा legislative branch of government सरकारको वैधािनक शाखा legislature �व�थािपका liberty �ाधीनता library पु�कालय library resources पु�कालय संसाधनह� life जीवन lifestyle जीवनशैली like/dislike मनपराउनु/नमनपराउनु limited सीिमत limited resources सीिमत संसाधनह� limited/unlimited सीिमत/असीिमत local �थानीय local government �थानीय सरकार local region �थानीय �ेत्र location �थान lock ब� गनु� locomotive गितशील long ago धेरै पिहले longhouse लामो गृह longitude देशा�र loyalist इमानदारी loyalty इमानदारीता

M maize मकै majority rule अिधकांश िनयम make laws कानुनको िसज�ना गनु� manor िबता� manufacture उ�ादन manufacturing उ�ादन गद� maps न�ाह� markets बजारह� mass starvation जनसमूह भूखमरी Mayas मायास Mayflower Compact मे�ावर क��ा� megalopolis मेगालोपोिलस



ENGLISH NEPALI member सद� memorials यादगारह� merchant महाजन meridians भूम� रेखा Midwest म�पि�म migration प्रवास migration/immigration प्रवास/अप्रवास millennium हजार वष�को समय millennia हजार वष� mining खनन minority rights, respect for अ�सङ्�क अिधकार ,यसको लािग कदर minutemen िमनेटमेन Mississippi River िम��िस�ी नदी modernization आधूनीकरण modify प�रमाज�न monarchy राजत� money पैसा months मिहनाह� monument �ारक monuments �ारकह� motives पे्ररणाह� movement of people and goods मािनस र व�ुह�को आ�ोलन multicultural ब�-सां�ृितक myself आफू myths क��त कथा

N NAFTA NAFTA nation रा�� national राि�� य national level of governments सरकारका राि�� य �र nation-state रा�� -रा� Native American Indian आिदवासी अमे�रकी इ��यन Native American Indians आिदवासी अमे�रकी इ��यनह� natural resources प्राकृितक संसाधनह� near/far निजक/टाडा needs आव�कताह� neighborhood छर-िछमेकी neutral िन�� New Amsterdam �ु ए�ट�ा�म New Netherlands �ु नेदर�ा�



ENGLISH NEPALI northwest passage उ�रीपि�म �ार now अिहले nuclear family मूल प�रवार

O OAS OAS objects व�ुह� oceans महासागर/समुद्र oligarchy कुलीनत� opportunity cost अवसर मू� oral history मौ�खक इितहास others अ�

P parallel समाना�र parallels समाना�रह� parent मूल Parliament संसद participatory skills सहभािगता सीपह� past िवगत/भूत past/present िवगत/वत�मान patriot देशभ� patriotism देशभ�� patriotisms देशभ��ह� patriots देशभ�ह� patroon प�� न people मािनस person �� perspectives �ि�कोणह� Peter Stuyvesant िपटर �ुियभेसा� petition दखा�� physical भौितक physical characteristics भौितक िवशेषताह� physical environment भौितक वातावरण physical feature भौितक ��प physical features भौितक ��पह� physical map भौितक न�ा physical setting भौितक समायोजना physical systems भौितक प्रणालीह� places ठाउँह� plan योजना pledge जमानत िदनु



ENGLISH NEPALI Pledge of Allegiance अधीनताको जमानत points of view �ि�कोणह� political राजनैितक political boundaries राजनैितक घेराह� political map राजनैितक न�ा political party राजनैितक दल political power राजनैितक श�� political systems राजनैितक प्रणालीह� pollution प्रदूषण population जनसङ्�ा population density जनसङ्�ा घन� population distribution जनसङ्�ा िवतरण population movement - rural to urban to suburban - 20th century

जनसङ्�ा आ�ोलन - ग्रामीण दे�ख नगर दे�ख उपनगरस� - िबसौ ंसता�ी

power श�� practices चलनह� prairies प्रशंसाह� Preamble to the Constitution संिवधान प्रित आमुख present वत�मान president रा�� पित Prime Meridian प्रमुख भूम� रेखा Prime Minister प्रधानम�ी principles of democracy प्रजात�का िस�ा�ह� problem solving सम�ा िनवारण problems सम�ाह� producers उ�ादकह� production उ�ादन productivity उ�ादक� products उ�ादनह� profit लाभ/फाइदा projects प�रयोजनाह� property धन protect सुर�ा protests िवरोधह� province प्रा� public benefit साव�जिनक लाभ public education साव�जिनक िश�ा purpose of government सरकारको उ�े� pursuit of happiness खुसीको खोज



ENGLISH NEPALI

Q quantities मात्राह�

R race जाित radios रेिडयोह� railroad रेल पथ rain forest वषा� वन raw material क�ा सामग्री reason कारण receipts प्रा�� recycling पुनरावृि� reference books स�भ� पु��काह� reform सुधार region धम� regions �ेत्रह� relationships स��ह� relief (physical) map धरातल(भौितक ) न�ा religion धम� religious धािम�क renewable resource नवीकरणीय संसाधनह� repeal ख�न representation प्र�ुतीकरण representative प्रितिनिध representatives प्रितिनिधह� republic गणरा� Republican Party गणरा� दल reservation आर�ण resources संसाधनह�/स्रोतह� respect कदर responsibilities िज�ेवारीह� revolution प�रक्रमण Richard Nicholls �रचाड� िनकोलास rights अिधकारह� Robert Fulton रोबट� फु�न role भूिमका roles भूिमकाह� roles of citizens नाग�रकह�का भूिमकाह� roots of American culture अमे�रकी सं�ृितका मूलह� rules िनयमह� rural ग्रामीण



ENGLISH NEPALI rural to urban to suburban migration ग्रामीण दे�ख नगरीय दे�ख उपनगरीय आप्रवास

S sachem मु�खया safeguarding individual liberties ��गत �ाधीनतालाई र�ा गनु� safety सुर�ा same/different समान/िभ� satellite-produced images उपग्रह-उ�ािदत छिवह� satisfy स�ु� गनु� scale माप scarce resources दुल�भ संसाधनह� scarcity दुल�भता school िव�ालय science and technology िव�ान र प्रिविध

scientific/technological exchanges and connections वै�ािनक/प्रािविधक आदान-प्रदान र जडानह�

seaways समुद्री माग� secondary source अित�र� स्रोत security सुर�ा self �यं selling िबक्री Senate of the United States संयु� रा�को म�ी सभा separatists पृथकतावादी services सेवाह� settle ब�ोब�/�व�थापन settlement ब�ी settlements ब�ीह� settler आिधवासी shape आकार shelter आश्रय similarities/differences समानताह�/िभ�ताह� slave दास slave trade दास �ापार slavery दासप्रथा social सामािजक social/cultural changes and connections सामािजक/सां�ृितक प�रवत�न र स��ह� socialism समाजवाद societies समाजह� society समाज solutions हलह�/समाधानह� solving problems सम�ा िनवारण



ENGLISH NEPALI songs गीतह� Sons of Liberty �ाधीनताका पुत्रह� South America दि�ण अमे�रका Spanish colonies �ेनी उपिनवेश spatial organization �थािनक सं�था speeches भाषणह� standard of living जीवन �र stars and stripes ताराह� र प�ीह� state रा� state government रा� सरकार Statue of Liberty �ाधीनता �ारक steamboat वाफ चिलत नाउ steamboats वाफ चिलत नाउह� stock market शेयर बजार stories कथाह� strategy रणनीित strengths बलह� strike हड्ताल student rights िव�ाथ� अिधकारह� suburban उपनगरीय suburbs उपनगरह� subways भूिमगत माग� suffrage मतािधकार supply and demand आपूित� र माग supply and demand 4 symbols आपूित� र माग 4 प्रतीकह� Supreme Court सव�� अदालत surplus अित�र� symbolize प्रतीक� गनु� symbols प्रतीकह� systems प्रणालीह�

T tables तािलकाह� tariff दामह� tax कर taxes करह� teach िश�ा िदनु teacher िश�क/िशि�का technological प्रािविधक technologies - exchanges of प्रिविधह� - यसको आदान-प्रदान technology प्रिविध



ENGLISH NEPALI telegraph टेिलग्राफ television टेिलिभजन/दूरदश�न tenant farmer मोही िकसान themes िवषयव�ुह� then/now पिहले/अिहले time समय time zones समय �ेत्र timeline समयरेखा today आज tolerance सिह�ुता tomorrow भोिल tools उपकरणह� towpath टोपाथ trade �ापार traditions पर�राह� traffic lights यातायात ब�ी trains रेलह� traitor देशद्रोही transmit स�ार प्रसारण transportation ढुवानी transportation revolution ढुवानी प�रक्रमण treaty स�� trends चलनह� tribe जनजाित tributaries सहायक नदीह� Tropic of Capricorn मकर रेखा Tropic of Cancer कक� ट रेखा trucks ट�कह� truth स� tundra तु�ा turning points नयाँ मोड turnpike शु��ार

U unify एकीकरण unions संगठन unique अि�तीय unite एकीकरण गनु� United Nations संयु� रा� United States of America संयु� रा� अमे�रका unlimited असीिमत



ENGLISH NEPALI unlimited needs and wants असीिमत आव�कता ह� up/down मािथ/तल urban नगरीय urbanization नगरीकरण uses of geography भूगोलशा�का प्रयोगह�

V values मह�ह� veteran अनुभवी veto प्रितब� village गाउँ vote मतदान voting मतदान िदने

W wampum रोटी wants आव�कताह� war यु� war strategy यु� रणनीित water masses जल िप�ह� weaknesses कमजोरीह� week ह�ा Western Hemisphere पि�मी गोलाध� westward expansion पि�म तफ� िव�ारण wigwam िवगवाम� work काम worker कामदार world bank िव� ब�क world in spatial terms �थािनक श�मा संसार writings लेखह�

Y year वष� yesterday िहजो

Elementary School Level Glossary - NYU Steinhardtsteinhardt.nyu.edu/scmsAdmin/media/users/atn293/social_studies... · Elementary School Level Glossary Social Studies ... KATHLEEN

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