Electrical installation in the field of low voltage with reference to IEC 60364 (VDE 0100) and changes in rated voltage of AC 110V to AC 230V Copyright.

Electrical installation in the field of low voltage with reference to IEC 60364 (VDE 0100) and changes in rated voltage of AC 110V to AC

230V

Copyright © VDE-Institut 2013. All rights reserved – confidential

Overview

1. Distribution network; Service connection2. House connection box3. System types; TN-C / TN-S4. Protective equipotential bonding5. Distribution Board; Meter6. Distribution system; Components7. Socket-outlets; Plugs8. Equipment/Appliances9. Possible impact caused on changing

the mains voltage from 120 V to 230 V

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TN-C Distribution Network

TN-C system in which neutral and protective conductor functions are combined in a single conductor throughout the system


Exposed conductive partof an appliance

L1 L2 L3 N PE

For TN-C System see IEC 60364-1

Service connection

Connection point

House connection box

Energy supply company

Consumer installation

Property line

Measuring device

3/PE/N AC 400V

3/PEN AC 400V

Distribution board


Service connection- Legal framework in Germany

• Application necessary for service connection at energy supply company• Technical conditions for connection to the low voltage systems (issued by

BDEW)• Legal basis for the issuance of the technical conditions is the

Energiewirtschaftsgesetz (EnWG) and the Niederspannungsanschlussverordnung (NAV)

• Dimensioning of the cables according to the requirements of the energy supply company.

• BDEW: Federal association of Energy and Water Industry• EnWG: Law on electricity and gas supply • NAV: Regulation on the connection to the low voltage network


Service connection- Cables

• Dimensioning of cables according to the specifications of the energy supply company depending on the requirements of the erector (e.g. power requirement of the building)

• Example: Copper cables to the house connection box of a single-family housedesigned as three-phase a.c. network with cross-sectional area of at least 10 mm2 each (3/PEN/AC), e.g. cables of type NYY

• International Standard: HD 516 Guide to use low voltage harmonized cables

• The requirements of the various cables are defined in the relevant product standards for cables


Service connection- Cables

• HD 603 S1 Power cables - Part 603: Distribution cables of rated voltage 0,6/1 kV

• Requirements for cables of rated voltage Uo/U = 0,6/1 kV used in underground power distribution systems, mainly for public distribution, of nominal voltage not exceeding 0,6/1 kV a.c.

• Example: Rated current-carrying capacity, cables in earth -> HD 603 Section 3-G, Table 14


Hausanschluss (2)

…..Source: HD 603 S1 Part 3 Section G

Overview



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House connection box

• VDE 0660-505: (national standard only)Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies – Part 505: Specification for house connection boxes and fuseboxes

Source: hager


House connection box- Transition to TN-S system

• The splitting of the PEN conductor into the protective conductor and neutral conductor is usually realized in the service box (i.e. transition from TN-C system to TN-S system)

• IEC 60364-4-44 ed. 2: Low-voltage electrical installations -Part 4-44: Protection for safety - Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances

444.4.3.2 In existing buildings supplied from public low-voltage networks and which contain, or are likely to contain, significant amounts of information technology equipment, a TN-S system should be installed downstream of the origin of the installation.In newly constructed buildings, TN-S systems shall be installed downstream of the origin of the installation.


Distribution board

House connection boxMain earthing terminal

Energy supply company

Foundation earth electrode


House connection box- Transition to TN-S system

Source: S. Rudnik, EMV-Fibel für Elektroniker, Elektroinstallateure und RaumplanerVDE-Schriftenreihe 55

L1 L2 L3 PEN

L1 L2 L3 N PE

N

PE

NH fuse system

• IEC 60269-1: Low Voltage Fuses – Part 1 General requirements

• IEC 60269-2: Low Voltage Fuses – Part 2 Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons

• In the house connection box usually 3 NH fuses are installed

• Provides protection against thermal and dynamical overload of cables and cords

Source: hager


Overview



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TN-C System

L1L2

PEN

L3

Fuses

exposed-conductive-part

Term: Exposed-conductive-part (according to IEC 60364-5-54)Conductive part of equipment which can be touched and which is not normally live, but which can become live when basic insulation fails


Protective function in TN-C System

L1L2

PEN

L3

Fuses

RB



TN-S System

L1L2

PE

L3

N

RCD FUSES IN=OUT

RB RA


RCD: Residual current deviceCopyright © VDE-Institut 2013. All rights reserved – confidential

Protective function of TN-S System

L1L2

PE

L3

N

RCD FUSES IN>OUT

RB RA


I diff ≥ 30 mA


Protection against electric shock- Fundamental principles

• IEC 61140 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment

• This standard is intended to give fundamental principles and requirements which are common to electrical installations, systems and equipment for their co-ordination

• The requirements of this standard apply only if they are incorporated , or are referred to, in the relevant standard. It is not intended to be used as a stand-alone standard.


Protection against electric shock- Low voltage electrical installation

• IEC 60364-4-41: Low voltage electrical installation – protection for safety – Protection against electric shock

• Part 4-41 of IEC 60364 deals with protection against electric shock as applied to electrical installations.

• It specifies essential requirements regarding protection against electric shock, including basic protection (protection against direct contact) and fault protection (protection against indirect contact) of persons and livestock.

• Basis for this standard is IEC 61140


Overview



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Protective equipotential bonding

• In each building a so-called protective equipotential bonding has to be realized via the main earthing terminal.(see IEC 60364-4-41, 411.3.1)

• The equipotential bonding eliminates electric potential differences e.g. between exposed-conductive parts, metallic pipes (gas, water) and conductive parts of the building

• VDE 0618-1: (national standard only)Equipotential busbar for main equipotential bonding

Source: Kopp Germany


Source: Kiefer, VDE0100 in der Praxis, VDE Verlag


Protective equipotential bonding

W

Overview



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Distribution board

Source: hager

SH SwitchesPanel for protection and switching installations

Multimedia panel for communication (internal and external)

Electrical meters, e.g. for • Primary supply by energy provider• Renewable energy systems• Heating pump• E-Mobility

Example:


Distribution board

• VDE 0603-1 (only national standard)Customer distribution board and meter panels

• IEC 61439-1 Low Voltage Switchgear and Control gear assembly – Part 1: General requirements

• IEC 61439-3Low Voltage Switchgear and Control gear assembly – Part 3: Distribution boards intended to be operated by ordinary persons

• IEC 62208 Empty enclosures for Low Voltage Switchgears and control gear assemblies



Static (electronic) meter

• Approval required according to Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC (MID)

• A Notified Body has to be involved for the conformity assessment procedure

• EN 50470 -1Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Part 1: General requirements, tests and test conditions -Metering equipment (class indexes A, B and C);

• EN 50470 -3 Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) – Part 3: Particular requirements - Static meters for active energy (class indexes A, B and C);

• IEC 62052-31Electricity metering equipment (AC) – General requirements, test and test conditions - Part 31: Product safety requirements

Overview



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Distribution system

• Assure selectivity by coordination of residual current protective devices connected in series (VDE 0100-530, 535.2.2 *)

Apt. 1

Apt. 2

Apt. 3

5 x 10 mm2 NYM

5 x 10 mm2 NYM

5 x 10 mm2 NYM

Distribution board

Source: Hager


* ) VDE 0100-530 (only national standard): Erection of low-voltage installations - Part 530: Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Switchgear and controlgear

Distribution system– Residual Current Protective Device (RCD)

• Additional protection against electric shock by use of RCDs

• IEC 60364-4-41 Low voltage electrical installations Part 4-41: Protection for safety – Protection against electric shock

• IEC 60364-4-41, clause 411.3.3 Additional protectionIn a.c. systems, additional protection by means of a RCD in accordance with 415.1 shall be provided for:

- socket-outlets with a rated current not exceeding 20 A that are for use by ordinary persons and are intended for general use and

- Mobile equipment with a current rating not exceeding 32 A for use outdoors.

• The Use of RCDs is compulsory for all circuits in rooms containing bath or shower (see IEC 60364-7-701 *)


*) IEC 60364-7-701 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-701: Requirements for special installations or locations - Locations containing a bath or shower

Distribution system– Residual Current Protective Device (RCD)

IEC 60354-4-41, clause 415.1Additional protection: Residual current protective devices (RCDs)

• The use of RCDs with a rated residual operating current not exceeding 30 mA, is recognized in a.c. systems as additional protection in the event of falure of the provision for basic protection and/or the provision for fault protection or carelessness by users

• The use of such devices is not recognized as a sole means of protection and does not obviate the need to apply one of the protective measures specified in Clause 411 ff.

IEC/TR 60755 – General requirements for residual current operated protective devices


Circuit-breakers

• Circuit-breakers provide protection of cables against overload and short-circuit

• IEC 60898-1: Electrical accessories – Circuit-breakers for overcurrent protection for household and similar installations – Part 1: Circuit-breakers for a.c. operation

Source: ABB


Distribution Systems– Cables

• Dimensioning of cables according to the specifications depending on the requirements of the erector (e.g. power requirement of the building)

• Example: Copper cables from the meter to the rooms of a single-family house (or apartments of an apartment building) designed as three-phase a.c. network with cross-sectional area of at least 10 mm2 each (3/PE/N/AC), e.g. cables of type NYM

• International Standard: HD 516 Guide to use of low voltage harmonized cables

• The requirements of the various cables are defined in the relevant product standards for cables



• VDE 0298-3 (only national standard) Application of cables and cords in power installations – Part 3: Guide to use of non-harmonized cables

• VDE 0250-204 (only national standard) Cables, wires and cords for power installation – PVC-Installation cable NYM

• VDE 0298-4 (only national standard) Application of cables and cords in power installations – Part 4: Recommended current-carrying capacity for sheathed and nonsheathed cables for fixed wirings in and around buildings and for flexible cables and cords



• IEC 60227-4:Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V – Part 4: Sheathed cables for fixed wiring

• IEC 60364-5-52 Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment – Wiring systems

e.g. this standard specifies the minimum cross-sectional area of conductors (Section 524.1, Table 52.2)


Overview



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Switches for fixed installation

• IEC 60669 Switches for household and similar fixed-electrical installations

Part 1: General requirements

Part 2: Particular requirements – Electronic switchesExample: actuating switch (dimmer)


Source: Gira

Fixed socket-outlets

• IEC 60884-1 Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes – Part 1: General requirements

IEC 60884-1 applies to plugs and fixed or portable socket-outlets for a.c. only, withor without earthing contact, with a rated voltage greater than 50 V but not exceeding 440 V and a rated current not exceeding 32 A, intended for household and similar purposes, either indoors or outdoors.


Plugs

• IEC 60884-1 Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes – Part 1: General requirements

IEC 60884-1 applies to plugs and fixed or portable socket-outlets for a.c. only, withor without earthing contact, with a rated voltage greater than 50 V but not exceeding 440 V and a rated current not exceeding 32 A, intended for household and similar purposes, either indoors or outdoors.


Plugs– ExamplesPlugs– Examples

IEC/TR 60083: Plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use standardized in member countries of IEC

Rated values: 250 V, 16 AWith earthing contact

Rated values: 250 V, 2,5 AWithout earthing contact


European two-pole plugEuropean two-pole plug

European standard EN 50075German standard VDE 0620-101

• Flat, two pole plug

• without earthing contacts

• 2,5 A, 250 V a.c.

• only non rewirable

• for the connection of class-II equipment


Overview

1. Distribution network; Service connection2. House connection box3. System types; TN-C / TN-S4. Protective equipotential bonding5. Distribution Board; Meter6. Distribution system; Components7. Socket-outlets; plugs8. Equipment/Appliances9. Possible impact caused on changing


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Appliances

• The safety requirements for equipment/appliances are described in the relevant product safety standard

• Examples for product standards:• IEC 60335 – Household and similar electrical appliances • IEC 60065 – Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus – Safety

requirements • IEC 60950 – Information technology equipment – Safety• IEC 60601 – Medical electrical equipment


Household Electrical Appliances

IEC 60335-1, Introduction

This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal use taking into accoutn the manufacturer‘s instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.

This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains. However, national wiring rules may differ.


Insulation coordination

The insulation coordination implies the selection of the electric insulation characteristics of the equipment with regard to its application and in relation to its surroundings.

Protection against direct contact (protection under normal conditions)

• Direct contact: electric contact of persons or animals with live parts

Protection against indirect contact (protection under fault conditions)

• Indirect contact: Electric contact of persons or animals with exposed-conductive parts which become live under fault conditions


Insulation coordination

• IEC 60664-1 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems; Part 1 – Principles, requirements and tests

• IEC 60664 has the status of a basic safety standard. It specifies the basic requirements regarding clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation.

• The specification of the requirements is done in the relevant safety standard of the product, e.g. IEC 60335-1!

• In the case of missing specified values for clearance, creepage distances and requirements for solid insulation in the relevant product standards this standard is applicable.


Types of insulation

• Basic insulation

Insulation of hazardous-live-parts which provides basic protection

• Supplementary insulation

Independent insulation applied in addition to basic insulation for fault protection

• Double insulation

Insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary insulation

• Reinforced insulation

Insulation of hazardous-live-parts which provides a degree of protection against electrical shock equivalent to double insulation

Source: IEC 60664-1Copyright © VDE-Institut 2013. All rights reserved – confidential

Appliances related to protection classes

Protection class I Protection class II

Basic insulation

Protective conductor

and

Basic insulation

Supplementary insulation

and Reinforced insulation

or


Appliances related to protection classes

Protection class Symbol Comment

0 ─ Not allowed

I Protective conductor

II Protective insulation

III Extra-low voltage (ELV)III


Overvoltage categories

Source: IEC 60664-1

Cat. Description Example

IV Equipment for the use at the origin of the installation

Electricity meters and primary protection equipment

III Equipment in fixed installations and equipment with special requirements regarding reliability and availability

Installation equipment after the meter, e.g. LS-Switches

II Energy consuming equipment to be supplied from the fixed installation

Household appliancesPortable tools

Overvoltage category I:Equipment for connection to circuits in which measures are taken to limit transient overvoltages to an appropriately low level.


Clearance and Creepage distance

• Requirements for equipment regarding their minimum insulation are set in order to avoid risks.

• In particular, the equipment must be designed in a way that the requirements regarding the minimum distances between conductive parts are met.

• Clearance: Shortest distance in air between two conductive parts

• Creepage distanceShortest distance along the surface of the insulating material between two conductive parts

IEC 60664-1 specifies the basic requirements regarding clearances and creepage distances. The specification of the requirements is done in the relevant safety standard of the product, e.g. IEC 60335-1.


Pollution degree

• Depending on the field of application, equipment is exposed to different environmental influences as, for example, humidity and dust.

• IEC 60664-1 defines four degrees of pollution in the micro-environment, i.e. the immediate environment of the insulation which particularly influences the dimensioning of the creepage distances:From pollution degree 1 (the pollution has no influence) to pollution degree 4 (continuous conductivity occurs due to conductive dust, rain or other wet conditions)

• The requirements of clearance and creepage distances depend on the pollution degrees.


Material groups

• Requirements for creepage distances do not only depend on the pollution degree but also on the properties of the insulating material

• With regard to tracking, insulating materials are categorized according to the so-called Comparative Tracking Index (CTI).

• IEC 60664-1 defines four groups of insulating materials depending on the CTI.

• The determination of the CTI is done in accordance with IEC 60112 – Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices of solid insulating materials


Overview

1. Distribution network; Service connection2. House connection box3. System types; TN-C / TN-S4. Protective equipotential bonding5. Distribution Board; Meter6. Distribution system; Components7. Socket-outlets; plugs8. Equipment/Appliances9. Possible impact caused on changing


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Possible impact when changing from 120 V to 230 V

• New 230 V installations need smaller wire diameters at same power consumption or higher power consumption of appliances is possible with same wire diameter as in 120 V installations

• Implementing a TN-S installation with RCD devices increase the safety of the user


Possible impact when changing from 120 V to 230 V

• Existing installations might not be sufficient in regard to insulation demands of the wires used

• For the 230 V installation other fixed-socket outlets shall be used compared to the 120 V installation to prevent damage on equipment only accepting 120 V supply

• Equipment shall be designed for the 230 V installation


Potential Hazards with current installation in Saudi Arabia

• Found installation situation in Saudi Arabia








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Electrical installation in the field of low voltage with reference to IEC 60364 (VDE 0100) and changes in rated voltage of AC 110V to AC 230V Copyright.

Documents

house connection box

system copyright vdeinstitut

cables copyright vdeinstitut

confidential slide

service connection cables

house connection boxes

low voltage harmonized

low voltage fuses