State of New York David A. Paterson Governor Denise E. O’Donnell Commissioner Division of Criminal Justice Services NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SERVICES 4 Tower Place Albany, New York 12203-3764 www.criminaljustice.state.ny.us Eight Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards Lesson Plans
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Unit Three
Legal Powers and Limitations
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
3.1
Lesson Title: Section: Legal Powers and Limitations Unit 3 Prepared by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program Approved by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 2 Hours Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:
1. Describe the origin of a security guard's arrest authority and the liability for their action.
2. Describe the factors supporting an arrest.
3. Describe a felony and a misdemeanor.
4. Describe circumstances when arrest without a warrant is authorized by a security guard.
5. Describe proper procedures for taking persons into custody who
have been detained by security guards.
6. List the circumstances when a security guard is authorized to use physical force.
7. List the circumstances when a security guard is authorized to use
deadly physical force. 8. List procedures to follow upon arrest of a suspect.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
3.2
Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
3.3
Curriculum Outline
I. Introduction
A. Self.
B. Experience.
C. Lesson objectives.
II. Overview
A. One of the main functions of a security guard is to
provide a safe and secure environment for
employees, visitors and residents in the area. In
the course of performing that function, legal action
may have to be taken against persons who
commit a crime or an offense. It is therefore
imperative that the security guard be thoroughly
familiar with their legal authority as well as their
limitations.
1. The legal authority of security guards is a
gray area which, troubles security
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NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
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management and security guards alike. It is
also an area that can place the security guard
in the center of a legal storm. He or she, and
in some cases, the employers may be liable
for any action or lack of action taken when
the security guard is involved in an incident
that may necessitate arrest, detention, or the
use of force. The liability may include
criminal proceedings as well as civil litigation.
2. The problem is complicated by the nature of
the security assignment and the public's
perception of the security guard's role. A
security guard assigned to street patrol may
be mistakenly viewed as a police officer and
be expected to take police action regarding
crimes, such as robberies and crimes of
violence, and to arrest the perpetrators.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
3.5
Additionally, the security guard, who may not
be a peace officer, may be expected to
exercise powers that only the latter
possesses. The peace officer has essentially
the same powers as police officers in making
an arrest without a warrant except that these
powers can only be exercised within the
geographical area of employment.
3. A security guard assigned to a building is
generally operating on private property,
where the owners have established rules and
regulations for conduct within the building.
Company policy should be clearly defined in
the area of arrest and detention and should
conform to the laws relating to arrest,
detention, or use of force. The purpose of
the lesson is to inform security guards of their
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
3.6
legal authority. This is important because of
the many limitations imposed on them by the
law. They are not police officers, nor has the
security guard generally attained the status of
peace officer. The Security Guard has only
the same legal rights as a civilian, no more,
no less.
III. The Origin of Security Guards' Arrest Authority and the
Liability for Their Action or Lack Thereof
A. U.S. Federal, state and local laws are all based on
English Common Law, a traditional body of
unwritten legal precedents created throughout the
centuries by daily practice or customary usage.
1. In the 11th century, an English King declared
common law to be the law of the land.
2. In 1613, Sir Edward Coke, Chief Justice of
England, determined that any acts of
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NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
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Parliament which contradicted Common Law
were illegal.
3. In America, at the Constitutional Convention
of 1787, the vast majority of delegates
decided that English Common Law was a
solid foundation on which to base the new
constitution, particularly in the areas of civil
and human rights laws.
a. These rights included protection from
unlawful searches and seizures and self
incrimination.
b. These rights are the first ten
amendments to the U.S. Constitution
and are referred to as the Bill of Rights.
B. Security guards are given their authority by New
York State law as well as by Common Law.
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3.8
1. A police officer, subject to certain limitations
as to location, may arrest a person without a
warrant for:
a. Any offense when he has reasonable
cause to believe that such person has
committed such offense in their
presence; and
b. A crime when he has reasonable cause
to believe that such person has
committed such crime, whether in his
presence or otherwise.
2. A security guard, like any other citizen, may
arrest another person, subject to certain
limitations, without a warrant (PL 143.30):
a. for a felony when the latter has in fact
committed such felony and
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
3.9
b. For any offense when the latter has in
fact committed such offense in his
presence.
c. Later in the course we will discuss the
meaning and implications of the use of
“reasonable cause" by a police officer
and the need for a security guard to be
right, and not rely only on reasonable
cause.
d. We will also discuss the implications of
the phrase "in fact committed" when it
applies to a felony or to an offense
committed in a security guard's
presence.
3. The security guard will have to act within the
guidelines imposed by their employer.
Company rules and regulations may outline
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NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
3.10
procedures to be followed by the security
guard relating to arrests, detention or the use
of force.
4. Security guards should seek direction from
their supervisors when determining the
classification of a crime or offense, the
degree of force necessary to intervene or
stop the crime, and the availability of
complainants and/or witnesses.
a. Many examples exist when security
guards encounter situations in which
proving that a crime took place is
extremely difficult, e.g., in a street theft
when a complainant is no longer
available to verify the fact that a crime
was actually committed.
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b. The importance of the foregoing is
demonstrated by the liabilities that may
be imposed on the security guard for
improper conduct.
c. A security guard who exceeds their
authority could be subject to a civil
lawsuit and criminal prosecution.
(1) Civil lawsuits may seek money
damages from both the company
and the security guard. Violations
can also include criminal penalties.
(a) Under the theory of
"respondeat superior," an
employer may be responsible
for the acts of an employee,
when the employee is acting
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3.12
within the legitimate scope of
their authority.
d. A security guard who does not act
properly could be subject to reprimand
and/or loss of employment.
(1) A security guard may be accused
of negligence by both the company
and the person suing the security
guard and the company.
e. Compensatory damages, which can be
assigned, involve payment to a person
for injuries sustained because the
security guard acted or failed to act.
f. Punitive damages are awarded for
several reasons, including fraud,
oppression, malice, or wanton conduct.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
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Punitive damages are damages having
the character of punishment or penalty.
C. Possession and use of firearms or other weapons:
1. Security guards may carry a firearm and/or
other weapon only with the clear and direct
permission of their employer.
2. Security guards that carry a firearm must
possess a valid:
a. NYS Pistol License and a
b. NYS Armed Security Guard Registration
Card and
c. Must have successfully completed a 47
Hour Firearms Training Course for
Armed Security Guards and must
complete, every twelve months
thereafter, an 8 Hour Annual Firearms
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Training Course for Armed Security
Guards.
3. Oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) may be
possessed by a civilian and may only be
used for defensive purposes. (See Section
265.20 NYS Penal Law).
4. Impact weapons (batons, night sticks, asp,
etc.) - Security guards are NOT permitted to
possess or use impact weapons.
IV. Factors Supporting an Arrest
A. Physical evidence.
1. Chain of evidence.
a. All property seized from an arrestee
must be properly documented and
accounted for until it is turned over to a
law enforcement officer. It is important
that a chain of custody be established
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immediately upon seizure of the
evidence.
B. Confessions.
1. Written, signed and witnessed.
C. Fingerprints and photographs.
1. Must be readily discernable.
D. Identification of the defendant.
1. Keep person making identification at the site.
E. Personal observations by the security guard.
F. Information from police sources.
G. Information received from other than police.
1. Be very careful.
2. Security guard must show:
a. Reliability of person making
identification.
b. Person's basis for knowledge.
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by the requirement that they merely acted on
"reasonable cause to believe."
VII. Procedure for Taking Persons into Custody
A. Arrest without a warrant; by a person acting other
than as a police officer or a peace officer; when
and how made. (NYS Criminal Procedure Law
§140.35).
1. A person may arrest another person for an
offense pursuant to section 140.30 at any
hour of any day or night.
2. Such person must inform the person whom
he is arresting of the reason for such arrest
unless he encounters physical resistance,
flight or other factors rendering such
procedure impractical.
3. In order to affect such an arrest, such person
may use such physical force as is justifiable
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pursuant to subdivision four of section 35.30
of the penal law.
a. NYS Penal Law §35.30(4) provides as
follows:
(1) A private person acting on his own
account may use physical force,
other than deadly physical force,
upon another person when and to
the extent that he reasonably
believes such to be necessary to
effect an arrest or to prevent the
escape from custody of a person
whom he reasonably believes to
have committed an offense and
who, in fact, has committed such
offense; and he may use deadly
physical force for such purpose
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
3.22
when he reasonably believes such
to be necessary to:
(i) Defend himself or a third
party from what he
reasonably believes to
be the use or imminent
use of deadly physical
force; or
4. Effect the arrest of a person who has
committed murder, manslaughter in the first
degree, robbery, forcible rape or forcible
sodomy and who is in immediate flight there-
from.
B. Security guards possess none of the authority
designated to police and peace officers by law and
are not duty bound to act as law enforcement
officers. They should try to avoid the use of force
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
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3.23
as much as possible, getting the description of the
perpetrator(s) and calling the police for assistance.
They should follow company policy as it applies to
the use of force. An employer may expect the
security guard to deter crime by their presence
alone and to avoid any physical confrontations.
VIII. Procedure to Follow upon Arrest of a Suspect
A. Arrest without a warrant; by person acting other
than as a police officer or a peace officer;
procedure after arrest. (NYS Criminal Procedure
Law §140.40).
1. A person making an arrest pursuant to
section 140.30 must without unnecessary
delay deliver or attempt to deliver the person
arrested to the custody of an appropriate
police officer. For such purpose, he may
solicit the aid of any police officer and the
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
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3.24
latter, if he is not himself an appropriate
police officer, must assist in delivering the
arrested person to an appropriate officer.
B. Applicability of Miranda warning.
1. In 1966, the Supreme Court of the United
States decided that the Miranda warning,
which is designed to protect citizens from
making statements that will incriminate
themselves, applied to “police custodial
interrogation.” This makes it clear that the
Miranda decision is directed at law
enforcement officers and does not apply to
private citizens. Many court decisions
document the fact that private citizens are not
responsible for giving the arrested or
detained person the warning. For example, a
store security guard need not give the
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
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Miranda warning to a person arrested for
shoplifting.
C. Security guards must make all of the required
court appearances connected with the case.
IX. Summary
A. Review objectives.
References
Black, Henry C. Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company, 1957. Looseleaf Law Publications, New York State Criminal Procedure Law. Flushing, NY:2005. Looseleaf Law Publications, New York State Penal Law. Flushing, NY:2005. Bilek, A.J. and Klotter, J.C. Legal Aspects of Private Security. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Company, 1981.
Unit Four
Emergency Situations
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.1
Lesson Title: Section Emergency Situations Unit 4 Prepared by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Approved by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date Prepared: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 1 Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:
1. List four general types of emergency situations that a security guard may encounter.
2. List the factors that govern the security officer’s response when
alerted to a specific emergency situation. Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.2
Curriculum Outline
I. Introduction
A. Self. B. Experience.
C. Lesson objectives.
II. Overview
A. A security guard's primary function is to protect life
and property. The security guard may often be the
first person to arrive at or discover an emergency
situation. Therefore, it is imperative that he/she be
able to:
B. Recognize the many types of situations that may
be encountered and:
C. Assess the threat potential to life and property.
The type of environment the security guard is
working in and the amount of public contact they
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4.3
have will determine the odds of the guard
encountering an emergency situation.
III. Potential Emergency Situations
There are a number of situations which, due to a
combination of social, political and personal interests,
as well as resulting from accidents, are commonly
faced by security guards in the performance of their
duties. This module is intended to introduce the guard
to those which are more likely to be encountered and
the role the security guard plays in responding to
emergencies.
A. Fires. The key to protecting the client/employer
from loss due to fire is to aggressively act to
prevent their start. Remember, it is easier and
less dangerous to prevent a fire than to fight one.
To be effective in the effort to fight a fire, the
security guard must know how to classify the four
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NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.4
classes of fire and to recognize potential fire
hazards. Four classes of fire are:
1. Class A - ordinary combustibles such as
wood, paper, cloth, etc.
2. Class B - flammable or combustible liquids,
gases, grease, etc.
3. Class C - energized electrical equipment,
automotive, etc.
4. Class D - combustible metals such as
magnesium and titanium.
In most workplaces, fire extinguishers are
posted for ready access by security guards
and employees/residents. The majority of
extinguishers in use today are ABC, multi-
purpose - that is, usable on all classes of fire
except "D". Fire extinguishers are marked on
the side with the letter(s) pertaining to the
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4.5
class of fire applicable. Some can only be
used on a single class of fire while others can
be used on multiple classes. It is imperative
that the guard be familiar with the
extinguishers available in the event of a fire.
Be sure to check the class of extinguisher
before using it.
While on patrol, the guard should be attentive
to factors which could contribute to the
outbreak of fire. Following is a list of some
areas to be watchful of while performing the
patrol function:
a. Dirt/rubbish build up, improperly stored
rags - especially greasy rags.
b. Smoking in unauthorized areas. Open
flame heating devices.
c. Improperly stored hazardous materials.
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d. Unmarked/unlit emergency exits.
e. Defective electrical equipment.
f. Unattended space heaters.
g. Unattended coffee makers or other
appliance left "on".
h. Combustibles stored near heaters.
If any potential hazard is noted while on
patrol, it should be reported immediately
and rectified if possible. The situation
should not be left if it is felt that a fire
could result.
In addition to being alert to potential
hazards while on patrol, the security
guard should also be attentive to:
a. Locations of fire extinguishers.
b. Status of extinguishers (full, charged,
need service, etc.).
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
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c. Locations of alarm pull stations.
If, while on patrol, you discover a fire
situation, there are a number of actions
you must take. Above all else, the
safety of the security guard is primary.
If you are endangered, you are of no
help to others.
Once your safety is assured, your next
step is to pull the alarm or in some way
alert others to the situation. If you make
the decision to attempt to extinguish the
fire, your next step is to employ the fire
extinguisher. Be sure to use it properly
so as to be effective. Remember that
your safety and the safety of others
should be your prime concern. Also
remember that you are not a
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4.8
professional firefighter and should not
act as one. If you feel the fire is too
involved or difficult to extinguish, clear
the area and await the fire department.
You are expected to assist them in
whatever way they deem necessary.
2. Explosions. The threat and risk of explosions
in the workplace poses a concern to the
security guard through a number of means.
The source of an explosion can vary and
each carries its own risk factors and
characteristics. Explosions can be the result
of:
a. Accidents. Transformer, gas lines,
chemical spill/mix, etc.
b. Intentional.
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4.9
c. Terrorism. Social, political, domestic,
foreign, personal, etc.
d. Sabotage. Employee, former employee,
vandals, etc.
e. Bombs. Random, planned, protest, etc.
In an explosion situation, there are a
number of responsibilities the security
guard must undertake. Of utmost
importance is the safety and security of
the guard. Secondly, the security guard
should attend to the following:
3. Injured parties. Including visitors, other
employees, the public, etc.
4. Panic. The security guard must be a calming
force. Try to maintain order and minimize the
confusion.
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5. Safety. Be sure the people impacted are
safely clear of the danger and there is no
threat of additional explosions.
6. Security. As the threat subsides and the
safety of others is maintained, the security
guard must be aware of the vulnerability of
the area in terms of access control and
security. The affected area should be
isolated and secured as much as possible to
prevent loss and additional injury.
B. Bomb threats. At some point, nearly all business
will receive a bomb threat of some kind. The
motivations behind issuing a bomb threat vary and
the nature of the business often dictates the
vulnerability to such a threat
Most threat situations prove to be "unfounded."
Their intent is to create a disruption to a workplace
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4.11
and to bring attention to a particular cause or point
of view. In some cases, a bomber will make a
series of false calls in order to catch the intended
victim off security guard when a real device is
detonated.
In the event you receive a bomb threat while on
duty, there are a number of precautions you
should take as well as procedures to follow in
order to insure the safety and security of yourself,
others, and the assets of the employer. It is vitally
important to have a complete understanding of the
employer and the employer’s policies and
procedures regarding bombs and bomb threats.
Generally speaking, there are steps which should
be taken to improve the chances of locating a
device if it is a factual threat as well as to identify
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the caller and assist in the investigation. These
steps include:
1. Listen to what the caller says.
2. Try to keep the caller on the phone.
3. Listen for background noises.
4. Try to ascertain the type of bomb.
5. Try to ascertain the location of the bomb.
6. Try to ascertain the detonation time.
7. Try to find out why it was placed.
8. Remain calm! Write down all information -
preferably on a standard form.
9. Notify management and follow the established
plan.
At any post, the security guard should be
alert to the many ways a bomb can enter a
building. The following is only a brief list:
a. Mail, courier, parcel post.
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b. Messenger.
c. Disgruntled employee.
d. Former employee.
e. Emotionally disturbed person.
f. Protest group(s).
g. Car/truck.
Remember, a bomb doesn't necessarily
have to be placed within a building.
They can also be placed outside the
facility - in trash cans, dumpsters,
mailboxes, vehicles, etc. Security
guards need to be attuned to their
surroundings and have the ability to
recognize when something appears out
of place or out of the ordinary.
Some organizations involve their
security officers in bomb searches. All
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4.14
security guards should be aware of their
role in the event of a bomb search and,
at minimum, assist authorities whenever
possible.
C. Hazardous materials incidents. If your workplace
stores or uses materials which are classified as
"hazardous,” security guards should be familiar
with those materials, their properties and the
dangers posed should they be involved in an
incident. Most employers are involved in
hazardous materials awareness training
(HazCom) which details the dangers presented by
the materials. A hazardous Materials Accident
(HAZMAT) creates serious and, at times, life
threatening concerns for the people involved. In
cases where your employer/client is not involved
in handling hazardous materials, there is a chance
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4.15
you could be involved in an incident either
because of being in close proximity to your facility,
a transformer explosion, production equipment
problems, etc. Security guards need to be aware
of potential dangers and their expected response.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
has developed a placard system designed to alert
people to the potential dangers of certain
materials. While on patrol of your facility, security
guards should be aware of the location of these
placards and the hazards associated with them.
Some general rules when dealing with a possible
HAZMAT incident include:
1. Do not touch or smell the material.
2. If a liquid, do not try to mop it up.
3. Make notifications by phone. Radio
transmissions could trigger an explosion.
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4. Secure and isolate the area for the safety of
all.
5. Only properly trained/equipped personnel
should attempt clean up.
Security guards should, at minimum, assist
authorities in their clean up process and make all
appropriate notifications as instructed by the
authorities.
D. Natural disasters. Generally understood to be such
things as hurricanes, floods, tornados, blizzards,
etc., there are lesser incidents classified under this
category. The major snowstorm; the heavy rain;
the occasional high winds, all create the potential
devastation similar to that which would be created
by the "conventional" natural disaster. There
could be a disruption to the "normal" activity
caused by such things as power/utility interruption,
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water leaks, window damage, falling ice, icy
sidewalks, etc. All pose a challenge to the
security guard's ability to effectively perform their
duties. The security guard should be aware of the
employer/client policies and expectations
governing the response.
During severe weather, security guards should be
prepared to assist in evacuations if necessary,
assist in emergency relocations, and detour
people around any affected area if necessary.
Security guards must become familiar with the
emergency plan in effect at the work site. They
play a key role in ensuring a smooth
implementation of the plan and assuring the safety
of others and the security of the facility in the
event of a natural disaster.
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E. Crimes in progress. At any time, a security guard
may come upon a crime occurring at their work
site. There are certain steps the security guard
should take to help minimize the impact of a crime.
In taking steps aimed at minimizing the impact, the
security guard will also assist the authorities in
their investigation, possibly reduce the effects on
the employer and could help lower the risk to
potential victims. These include:
F. Contact 911.
1. Respond with more than one security guard if
possible.
2. Listen to your dispatcher for updated
information which could be helpful.
3. Call for additional resources if necessary
(police, fire, medical).
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4. Relay information to other responding
personnel.
5. Remember laws relating to legal powers (use
of force; detaining suspects; etc.).
6. Identify and segregate potential witnesses.
7. Establish and secure the crime scene.
8. Maintain control of scene until authorities
arrive.
If you are the guard receiving a call for a
possible crime in progress, there are steps
you too can take in assisting the responding
security guards. It is vitally important to get
as much information from the caller as
possible. Any information you could relay to
the responding parties could reduce the risk
they face responding to an "unknown."
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.20
IV. Security Response to Emergencies
A security guard's response to emergency situations is
key to ensuring a smooth implementation and execution
of the employer/client emergency preparedness plan.
In most organizations, a formal (or sometimes informal)
plan is in place to address emergency situations which
may arise at any given time. This plan includes such
areas as notification lists, proper authorities to contact,
evacuation routes, loss control procedures, and
individual roles in executing the plan.
The National Incident Management System (NIMS),
which includes the Incident Command System (ICS), is
both the Federal and State of New York standard for
incident response management.
The role of a security guard in an emergency situation
varies, depending on the situation. There are, however,
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.21
a number of actions to take which are consistent,
regardless of the type of emergency.
Of primary concern in an emergency is the safety of the
security officer. If the security guards are not safe, then
they are unable to render aid and perform the duties
required to minimize the injury and loss resulting from
the situation.
As detailed in the previous section, there are a number
of emergency situations which could be faced by a
security guard at the workplace which have their own
specific duty requirements. In any situation, the
security Guard should follow a basic set of actions
geared toward reducing, containing and controlling the
situation:
A. Know the employer/client emergency plan and
their expectations of you.
B. Know your specific role in an emergency.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.22
C. Keep the list of emergency contact numbers
readily available. Be sure it is up-to-date.
D. Do not hesitate to request assistance from other
agencies or individuals as needed. Do not try to
be a hero.
E. Make every effort to secure and isolate the
affected area.
F. Ensure your own safety and then that of other
employees, visitors and the neighboring public.
G. Evacuate and assist as necessary. Be sure to
keep a safe perimeter around the affected area.
H. Always remain calm and reassuring. However,
remember that you are the "authority figure".
Keep control of yourself as well as the scene.
I. Take mental and field notes as the situation
evolves. Documentation of the events is crucial.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.23
J. Know your limitations - legal, physical, policy, etc.
Work within them.
K. Have a thorough knowledge of the facility
including emergency exits, first aid stations,
extinguisher locations, alarm pull stations, etc.
As a final duty, after the emergency has subsided,
ask your management to critique your actions
during the situation. Learn from the experience
and find ways to improve your response.
Always remember that, during a crisis, many
people look to the security guard for guidance. To
the public, you have the answers, you know the
proper procedures, and you will ensure their
safety. Your knowledge and confidence in the
facility emergency plan will ensure a safe
execution of policies and procedures. Contingency
planning will minimize the loss resulting from the
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.24
situation. If you have any questions regarding the
employer’s/client's expectations of you in an
emergency or your specific role, DO NOT hesitate
to ask. If an emergency arises, there may not be
time to clarify it.
V. Student Activity
“The Next Two Exercises" are activities designed to
test the students' understanding of their role in an
emergency. It should be reiterated that responsibilities
and expectations vary from site to site and employer to
employer. This exercise is designed to emphasize with
the security guard, the importance of knowing what role
they play in an emergency situation. It is recommended
that students be allowed to complete the exercise and
then have a discussion regarding their answers and any
clarifications they may require.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
4.25
VI. Summary
A. Review objectives
References
Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. Bomb and Physical Security Planning. ATF, 1987. Federal Bureau of Investigations. Bombs and Bomb Threats Course. Fire Safety Director's Course. (John Jay College). New York, NY. New York State Office of Public Security. Homeland Security Strategy. 2004. United States Department of Justice. Emergency Response to Terrorism Job Aid (2000) United States Department of Justice. Emergency Response to Terrorism (2002)
Unit Five
Communications and Public Relations
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.1
Lesson Title: Section: Communications and Public Relations Unit 5 Prepared by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Approved by: NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 1 Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:
1. List the three components of the communication process.
2. List three methods of communication.
3. List three obstacles to good communications.
4. Describe the components necessary to be an effective communicator.
Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.2
Curriculum Outline
I. Introduction
A. Self.
B. Experience.
C. Lesson objectives.
II. Overview
A. The importance of communication in any industry
cannot be overstated, particularly when the
communication is with the public.
B. The ability of the security guard to communicate
will color the perception of the public, affecting
both the security guard and the security guard's
employer. The public perception is reality, at least
as far as public relations is concerned.
C. The purpose of this lesson is to look at the
communication process and explain how this
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.3
process is important for the security guard, and
how it can promote good public relations.
III. Identifying the Components of the Communication
Process
A. The three components of the communication
process are:
1. Sender - The person delivering the message.
2. Receiver - The person to whom the message
is being delivered.
3. Feedback - Affirmation that the message was
received by the person intended and that
he/she understood the message.
B. Five uses of communication in security:
1. Public relations - most common use.
2. Compliance - maintenance of order.
3. Describing events - key for reports.
4. Emergencies - protect people/property.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.4
5. Interviewing - investigative tool.
C. The importance of effective communication and
public relations is apparent for the following
functions of security: combating prejudices, tact,
legal testimony, documentation, communications
with outside agencies, and emergency
communications.
1. For the employer or supervisor of a security
guard, written communication is often cited
as the most important communication skill.
2. To the public - appearance, demeanor, tact,
understanding, and a combination of verbal
and non-verbal skills is most important for a
security guard to possess.
3. For a contractor or proprietary employer of
security guards, emergency communication
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.5
skills are most important to insure personal
safety and protection of property.
D. The rapid, accurate exchange of information can
be critical for successful response to an
emergency in progress.
IV. Three Methods of Communication
A. Verbal communication.
1. Verbal (oral) communication messages are
sent and received by speaking and hearing.
Components of effective speech include
language, tone, volume, and message
content. Oral communication includes skill in
hearing, listening, and understanding. Non-
verbal communication skills can enhance the
verbal skills and the overall communication
process.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.6
2. Use of oral communication, public relations,
compliance orders, radio communications,
some reports, and emergency
communications requires clear and accurate
transmission of information which must be
made to the proper person and within a
specific emergency plan.
3. Common problems: prejudice, intimidation,
hearing impairment, insensitivity, offensive
language, bad attitude, poor speaking skills,
poor listening skills, and lack of specific
knowledge or information.
4. Skills to practice: Communication can be
improved by practicing these skills - listening,
speaking, tact, job knowledge, positive
thinking and attitude.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.7
B. Non-verbal Communication.
1. Non-verbal components such as appearance,
posture, demeanor, eye contact, distance,
gestures or contact, confidence and attitude
can enhance the verbal component of the
communication process.
2. Non-verbal communication may be the basis
of a first, and quite often, lasting impression.
The importance of non-verbal communication
for good public/customer relations can not be
overstated.
C. Written communication.
1. Written communication is among the most
important of a security guard's
responsibilities. Complete and accurate
documentation of activities such as theft, fire,
vandalism, trespass, vehicles, people,
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.8
accidents, injuries, grievance, substance
abuse, safety and security violations, or
unusual occurrences should be recorded. A
written record, or report, will provide an aid to
memory and may be used by managers or
other agencies for a variety of reasons.
2. Types of written communication include a
security guard's notes, activity logs, daily
reports, incident reports, accident
reports/forms, memos, and electronic e-mail.
3. Rules for written communication:
a. Record everything - date, time, location,
who, what, when, where, why, how,
loss, injury, assisting agencies, etc.
b. Be accurate - details count.
c. Be neat - if it can not be read by others,
why bother writing it? Remember,
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.9
appearance counts. If handwritten,
always print legibly in ink. Do not use
cursive handwriting.
d. Do it now! – write it down as soon as
possible
e. Keep it simple - write short, concise,
plain, English sentences.
f. Be objective - write descriptively, no
opinions. Record the facts and not your
assumptions.
g. "The dullest pencil has a better memory
than the sharpest mind” – unknown.
4. Descriptive writing exercises (optional).
a. Things - describe in writing, the object
chosen by the instructor in as much
detail as possible. The class may then
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.10
compare and contrast the descriptions
written.
b. People - conduct the same exercise
using a person in the classroom as the
subject.
5. Fine points in communication. (Optional
material)
a. Grammar:
(1) The primary goals of written
communication are to convey and
preserve information. Grammar is
the structure of written
communication, and is useful in
keeping the information accurate
and unambiguous. Each sentence
must be complete with subject and
verb. Verbs should be in proper
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.11
tense (usually past tense).
Punctuation should be proper and
kept simple. Sentence construction
could be practiced to improve
writing skills.
6. Statements/interviews: Statements taken
orally or in writing must be obtained
voluntarily without threat, promises or
intimidation. The interview should be
planned in advance. Appropriate questions,
suitable location, and recording method
should be included in the advance plan.
Advanced training is available from a variety
of sources to enhance interviewing ability.
V. Obstacles to Effective Communication
A. Obstacles to communication can occur in the four
primary elements required for communication. In
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.12
order for the security guard to communicate
effectively the following questions should be
answered:
1. Language
a. What language skills are required of the
security guard for the work place?
b. What language skills does the security
guard presently possess?
c. What are the language skills of other
people that will interact with that security
guard?
d. The barriers to effective communication
will become apparent when these
questions are answered. The following
are specific obstacles for effective
communication in all exchanges.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.13
2. Message breakdown: This is caused by the
inability of the security guard to correctly
state the message. The causes may be
speech or language difficulties, or a lack of
understanding by the security guard
delivering it. Examples include:
a. Poorly chosen words, phrases, or
jargon.
b. Lack of coherence or awkward
presentation.
c. Poor organization of ideas.
d. Failure to clarify ambiguities.
e. Message breakdown can lead to costly
errors, costly corrections, and the need
for otherwise unnecessary clarifications
consuming precious time and resources.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.14
3. Psychological barriers: A security guard is not
always afforded the ideal conditions under
which to communicate. Distractions occur
because of the environment and situations in
which a security guard must perform. Even
the simplest communication can be
obstructed by one or more of the following:
a. Bias or prejudices.
b. Panic or fear.
c. Threat to personal safety.
d. Noise.
e. Extreme emotion.
4. Failed reception: The receiver is unable or
unwilling to receive the message for
language, personal, cultural, or other
reasons. These stresses can prevent
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.15
communication from occurring at the
reception point. Common types of stressors:
a. Mental illness.
b. Marital problems.
c. Financial problems.
d. Health problems.
e. Cultural and language differences.
VI. Components for Effective Communication
A. Having identified the problems encountered in
communication, we must then identify how to
avoid problems and be effective in communicating.
The following list can be utilized to improve the
communications process and help security guards’
overcome barriers:
1. Feedback - a process to correct an
inaccuracy in communication. Feedback is
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.16
checking for comprehension, usually by
restating the message as it is understood.
2. Using a third ear - listen to the message, not
just the words in the communication. Hear
the message objectively, without bias or
prejudice.
3. Adjust the rate of speech - a listener can only
absorb a certain amount of information at one
time. By changing the rate or pace of
communication, a listener will be better able
to understand the message.
4. Face-to-face communications - acknowledge
the individual(s) involved in the
communication process by using eye contact.
Facial expressions, gestures, and immediate
presence can enhance the communications
process. Having, or giving, undivided
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.17
attention is important to insure the best
possible communication.
5. Sensitivity to the receiver - the message must
be meaningful to the receiver. Recognize
cultural, age, and gender differences. Avoid
slang or jargon that would not be understood
by the receiver, and adapt your message
accordingly.
6. Reinforce words with actions - gestures and
body language can reinforce verbal
communication.
7. Use direct, simple language - the receiver of
oral communication must rely heavily on
memory. To insure communication is
understood, use plain language. The goal is
to inform not impress.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.18
8. Use repetition - reinforce the key parts of the
communication. If the feedback seems weak,
recycle the idea and check for
comprehension again. Analogies may also
help to clear the idea being communicated.
9. Command presence - used in emergency
situations to insure communication is clear
and directions are to be followed. Displaying
confidence, control, and knowledge of the
emergency procedure will make emergency
communications more effective.
VII. Summary
A. Review objectives.
References
Bittner, G.E. and Hertig, C.A. Report Writing for Security Personnel. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991. Chartier, Myron R. Clarity of Expression in Interpersonal Communication. The 1976 Annual Handbook for Group Facilitators. Pages 149-156. University Associates, Inc., 1976.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
5.19
Hollington, Kenneth G., Dr. Human Relations. Protection of Assets Manual. 5th Edition. Pages 149-150. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992. U.S. Department of Energy, Central Training Academy (DOE). Lesson Plan Supervisor Certification Program. January 1990
Unit Six
Access Control
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.1
Lesson Title: Section: Access Control Unit 6 Prepared by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Approved by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date Duration: Lecture 06/2009 ½ Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:
1. Identify the basic elements of access control and identification to include:
A. Visual recognition B. Written documentation C. Third party authorization D. Security escort
2. Define threat potential. 3. Identify definitions of the following terms:
A. Espionage B. Sabotage C. Terrorism
4. Identify three types of access control.
Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.2
Curriculum Outline
I. Introduction
A. Self.
B. Experience.
C. Lesson objectives.
II. Overview
A. The control of access to and within a facility is of
primary concern in the prevention of crime and in
the control of loss due to theft and injury. The
security of any facility relies heavily on the
restriction and control of traffic, both vehicular and
pedestrian, into and out of the physical location as
well as within the confines of the building(s).
B. There are a number of means to achieve access
control at the basic level as well as at a higher
level through both physical and procedural means.
Effective access control is in the hands of the
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.3
security guard who is charged with the
responsibility. A thorough knowledge of
employer/client policies, desires and expectations
relating to access control is essential. No system,
policy, procedure or equipment will be an effective
tool unless the individual security guard remains
vigilant, informed and aware of their surroundings
and the employer/client's expectations.
C. The purpose of this lesson is to make the security
guard aware of how access control can be used to
the benefit of the company in the reduction of loss.
Additionally, it will highlight some of the tools and
skills required to effectively manage the security of
the facility.
III. Elements of Access Control and Identification
A. Visual recognition - also referred to as personal
knowledge, is widely used but is generally
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.4
considered to be the least reliable means of
identification. It is a dangerous practice to grant
access based on whether the security guard is
familiar with the individual and/or knows that the
person is an employee. Familiarity of the security
guard with persons and vehicles entering and
leaving the property may result in the security
guard becoming complacent and failing to properly
check identification prior to allowing access to the
property. An effective security guard will always
ask for identification from all persons, if required in
their post orders, and will be familiar with the
facilities' hours of operation and level of access
granted to each employee. Additionally, to assist
the security guard in making determinations
regarding the granting of access, each post should
have a current list of any terminations, new hires,
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.5
etc. as well as vendors and contractors affecting
their post.
B. Written documentation - There are a number of
written documents which can be used by the
security guard in an effort to control and monitor
access to and within the facility:
1. Employee photo badges.
2. Visitor badges.
a. The badges should be secure and not
vulnerable to theft or duplication.
3. Vendor identification.
4. Work orders.
5. Delivery manifests.
Any written documentation that the security
guard has at his/her disposal should be used
in making the determination as to whether to
grant access to the facility or to a specific
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.6
area within the facility. Written
documentation should be viewed in a "whole
picture" perspective. For example, a person
who claims to be a contractor would present
identification attesting to their company.
Additionally, the security guard could check
for a permit issued by the employer/client.
Finally, the security guard could check for a
valid work order or delivery manifest to make
the final verification as to the validity of the
visitor. These items should be examined
closely for signs of tampering or alterations.
6. If the security guard has a question about the
validity of the identification documents
presented, the guard should: Request the
person to produce additional identification in
his/her name.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.7
7. If during business hours, contact a supervisor
in the area where the person is requesting
access to.
8. If after business hours, contact the designated
area or facility official for clearance.
9. If the person is a vendor or delivery service,
contact the delivery company to verify the
identity of the person at the site and the
contents of the package, if known.
If there is any doubt as to the purpose of the
visit and its validity and the guard is unable to
confirm or verify, security guards should feel
comfortable in refusing admittance until or
unless clearance is granted by a supervisor
or other responsible person. Unless
employer/client policy specifies otherwise,
security guards should not accept deliveries
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.8
intended for other employees. If the delivery
company is unable to complete delivery, an
attempt should be made at a later time.
C. Third party authorization - this method is used
when security guards are authorized to grant
access by one of the following methods:
1. Issuance of a written order which is forwarded
to security detailing the date and time of the
visitor.
2. Security guard verifies the visitor’s
identification by contacting the employee
whom the party wishes to visit and receives
verbal clearance.
3. Security procedures require that an employee
report to the security post and personally
escort the visitor to the designated area. The
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.9
employee at that point assumes responsibility
for the visitor.
D. Security escort - another form of access control. It
is a formal policy which requires that all visitors
report to the security post and are monitored until
being turned over to the responsibility of an
employee. In many facilities where security
guards act as receptionists, this may be the
practice. Additionally, this method allows little
freedom of movement by the visitor until
responsibility is assumed by the employee.
E. Log-in procedures - security personnel must adhere
to a strict log-in policy for a number of reasons,
including:
1. Accountability of staff and visitors.
2. In the event of an emergency, security is
aware of all occupied work areas.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.10
3. To comply with employer/client and security
guidelines.
4. Discourages access by unauthorized
personnel.
5. Encourages security/employee interaction.
Any discrepancies or unusual incidents
involving access control must be documented
by the security guard. Again, if there is a
doubt as to the validity of a request for
admittance, access should be denied and
supervision should be contacted.
Remember, any passes, log books,
identification cards, etc. are considered
official and legal documents. They should be
maintained, retained and secured according
to employer/client policy.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.11
IV. Threat Potential
A. A thorough assessment of potential risks and/or
hazards which could impact the security of the
employees, assets, information and physical
facilities should be undertaken. This assessment
is used to determine the level of access control
necessary to adequately protect the facility. There
are a number of factors to consider when
determining the threat potential at any given
location, including:
1. Demographics of Area:
a. City vs. rural.
b. Dense or sparse population.
c. History of crime in area.
2. Type of Industry:
a. Government.
b. Retail.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.12
c. Manufacturing.
d. Residential.
e. Health care.
3. Occupants function: type of activity taking
place. For example, the level of risk in
controlling access to a research facility versus
a retail center versus a warehouse may be
different.
4. Level of physical security in place:
a. Security staffing.
b. Alarm systems.
c. Closed circuit television cameras.
d. Perimeter fencing.
e. Response time of local police.
B. The following access control methods should be
evaluated when considering the level of access
control:
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.13
1. Physical placement of a security guard at a
control point.
2. Installation of a gate or door at a specific
location.
3. If a higher level of security is required, a
combination of physical security measures
and access control would be indicated.
V. Three Major Threats to Industry and Government
A. All industries and organizations face threats to their
security and stability. These threats can occur
from internal as well as external sources. Security
systems and staffing are designed to minimize the
risks and address the exposures generally from
overt threats such as crime, fire, theft, etc.
B. Aside from overt threats to security, organizations
must address security exposures from covert
sources. The security guard, when charged with
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.14
controlling access to a facility, should be aware of
three major threats faced by industry and
governmental facilities.
C. Sabotage - defined as the use of treachery and
subversive tactics to cause damage to or disable
equipment and/or property of a business or
government agency. Sabotage can be caused
internally by employees, vendors, visitors, etc. It
can also be caused by external sources such as
protestors, former employees, youths in the area,
etc. The damage can be purposeful, to make a
point, or it could be unintentional, such as
common vandalism.
D. Espionage - the surveillance, infiltration and spying
of the activities of a business or government
agency. Again, this can come from either internal
or external sources and creates challenge to the
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.15
effectiveness of the access control program. In
many organizations, espionage is a common
practice among competitors in an attempt to gain a
competitive advantage. When the employer/client
is involved in a highly competitive market (i.e.
computers, software, research, etc.), the risk of
espionage is increased and so should the effort to
control access.
E. Terrorism – the unlawful use of force against
persons or property, to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civilian population, or any
segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or
social objectives.
F. Generally, when the aforementioned topics are
discussed, all are thought of on a global/political
scale. However, they may also be applied on a
domestic level in varying degrees. Bomb threats
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.16
are one of the most common forms of domestic,
"low level" terrorism in that it creates a disruption
in normal business operations.
G. The need for effective access control is of utmost
importance in the prevention of these
vulnerabilities faced by the employer/client.
VI. Types of Access Control
Access control is achieved in a variety of ways. Most
commonly, control is maintained through three means -
environmental, physical and personnel. In many
organizations, it takes a combination of one or more of
these controls to be totally effective.
A. Environmental - refers to barriers created to control
the flow of pedestrian and vehicular traffic through
the use of building construction, strategically
placed landscaping and lighting.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.17
B. Physical security - involves systems and tangible
means of controlling access. These include such
things as electronic card readers, tamper-resistant
locks, security doors, central station alarms,
closed circuit television, etc. Additionally, strategic
placement of fences serves to create an outer
perimeter to control access to the facility.
C. Personnel - security guards posted at entry points
and at vulnerable areas with standing post orders
and employer/client rules and regulations
governing access and restrictions. Their central
purpose is to identify those attempting to gain
access and approve or deny access according to
standing orders. A clear and thorough knowledge
and understanding of employer/client expectations
is critical to the effectiveness of a security guard
serving as the access control tool.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
6.18
VII. Summary
A. Review objectives.
References
Healy, Richard and Walsh, Timothy. The Protection of Assets Manual. Santa Monica, CA: The Merritt Company, 1994. New York State Office of Public Security. Homeland Security Strategy. March 2004. Schnabolk, C. Private Security- Practice and Technology. Stoneham, MA: Butterworths Publishers, Inc. 1983.
Unit Seven
Ethics and Conduct
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.1
Lesson Title: Section: Ethics and Conduct Unit 7 Prepared by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Approved by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 1 Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:
1. Explain the benefits of a Code of Ethics for security guards. 2. Define Code of Ethics for security guards. 3. Identify five elements of the Code of Ethics for security guards
as contained in this lesson. Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.2
Curriculum Outline
I. Introduction
A. Self.
B. Experience.
C. Lesson objectives.
II. Overview
A. The personnel of a business are, in many cases,
the organization’s most valuable asset. The
manner in which personnel conduct their activities
will have an impact upon determining whether a
business succeeds or fails. Personnel that are
competent and perform their duties in a positive,
eager and ethical manner promote a favorable
image and build confidence. Conversely,
dishonest personnel that follow unethical practices
foster a poor public image and diminish
confidence in a business or organization. Security
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.3
guards are entrusted to protect persons and/or
property from harm, and as such, must possess a
high degree of integrity and ethics. If security
guards are provided with a standard of conduct
within a code of ethics, they will have the
guidelines to carry out their duties using
appropriate discretion and effectuate such duties
in a professional manner, enhancing the entire
security industry.
B. Integrity is defined as "firm adherence to a code of
especially moral or artistic values," or
"incorruptibility," and is synonymous with
"honesty."
C. Ethics is "the discipline dealing with what is good
and bad and with moral duty and obligation" and
"a set of moral principles or values," or "the
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.4
principles of conduct governing an individual or a
group."
1. Ethics involves a value for one thing over
another.
2. A choice of "good" over "bad."
3. Ethics infers acting on principle in order to
help someone.
4. Ethical responsibility infers moral
responsibility and a principle upon which
one's actions are based.
a. Moral - of or relating to principles of right
and wrong in behavior.
5. Ethics is a system of moral principles which
lead to the highest good.
D. Professional - a person who conforms to the
technical or ethical standards of a profession.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.5
III. Code of Ethics
A. Contains general statements on principles and/or
rules of conduct by which members of a particular
profession regulate their behavior among
themselves and others they deal with in a
professional capacity. A code incorporates moral
and ethical principles and philosophies and is a
measure of a person's conduct against a standard
of behavior.
1. Although there exists in our society certain
basic ethical and moral rules of acceptable
behavior, and laws which govern behavior, a
code of ethics/conduct that focuses on
conduct akin to specific professions which
are not sufficiently regulated by general
morality or law. For example, codes exist for
security guards, soldiers, medical
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.6
professionals, police officers, legal
professionals, etc.
IV. Why a Code of Ethics for Security Guards
A. Security guards are employed to protect people
and property from harm, therefore, the public has
higher expectations of them.
B. Security guards operate from a position of
authority.
C. The actions/inactions of security guards could
have the potential to cause serious harm.
D. The public holds security guards to higher
standards because of their position.
E. Security guards are representatives of their
employer; the image they portray to the public is a
reflection of the company.
F. The public relies on security guards to respond to
any given situation.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.7
V. Benefits of a Code of Ethics for Security Guards
A. A code of ethics for security guards can benefit
both the employer and security guard by:
Acknowledging the importance of a security
guard's job function which can foster a sense of
professionalism, and thus increase the
effectiveness of the security guard within the
organization they are serving.
B. Promote professionalism within the security
industry.
C. Enhance the way law enforcement and the
general public view the security industry and
security guards by fostering respect and mutual
cooperation.
D. Provide a foundation which encourages a security
guard to conduct themselves in a professional,
responsible and honorable manner.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.8
E. Attracting a better caliber of applicants by creating
a professional image and environment. Security
guards can feel satisfied in the performance of
their duties. This could reduce turnover rates.
F. Providing better protection of public rights.
VI. Unethical Practices
A. Unethical behavior can result in the loss of public
confidence and respect for the security industry.
Any misdeed has the potential to tarnish a positive
image; therefore, it is imperative that security
guards continually maintain their professionalism.
B. Examples of unethical behavior include:
1. Excessive use of force.
2. False arrest and detention.
3. Illegal search and seizure.
4. Impersonation of a police or a peace officer.
5. Any act of dishonesty.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.9
6. Failure to report a criminal act and/or
violation of company policies and rules.
7. Accepting bribes or unauthorized gratuities.
8. Falsifying reports.
9. Exhibiting favoritism.
VII. Code of Ethics for Security Guards
A. The following Code of Ethics embodies those
principles and standards of conduct which typify
the functions and duties of a security guard; it is
derived from the Code of Ethics for:
1. American Society for Industrial Security.
2. International Association of Chiefs of Police.
3. Private security management and security
employees (Private Security Advisory
Council).
B. "In my capacity as a security guard hired to
prevent, report, and deter crime. I pledge:
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.10
1. To protect life and property; prevent and
reduce crime committed against my
employer/client's business, or other
organizations and institutions to which I am
assigned; abide by the Constitution of the
United States.
2. To carry out my duties with honesty and
integrity and to maintain the highest moral
principles.
3. To faithfully, diligently and dependably
discharge my duties, and to uphold the laws,
policies and procedures that protect the rights
of others.
4. To discharge my duties truthfully, accurately
and prudently without interference of
personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or
friendships to influence my judgments.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.11
5. To report any violation of law, or rule or
regulation immediately to my supervisors.
6. To respect and protect information
considered confidential and privileged by my
employer or client, except where their
interests are contrary to law or this Code of
Ethics.
7. To cooperate with all recognized and
responsible law enforcement agencies within
my jurisdiction.
8. To accept no compensation, commission,
gratuity, or other advantage without the
knowledge and consent of my employer.
9. To conduct myself professionally at all times,
and to perform my duties in a manner that
reflects credit upon me, my employer and the
security profession.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
7.12
10. To continually improve my performance by
seeking training and educational
opportunities that better prepare me to carry
out my security duties."
C. "The bottom-line in ethics is to never knowingly do
harm."
VIII. Summary
A. Review of objectives.
References
Code of Ethics. American Society for Industrial Security. Code of Ethics. International Association of Chiefs of Police. Code of Ethics for Private Security Management and Security Employees. Private Security Advisory Council. Healy, Richard and Walsh, Timothy. The Protection of Assets Manual. Santa Monica, CA:The Merritt Company, 1994. New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. Ethical Awareness Moderator's Workshop, Instructor Guide. 1987. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA:Merriam-Webster Inc., 1986.
Unit Eight
Review and Examination
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training 8.1 Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
Lesson Title: Section: Review and Examination Unit 8 Prepared by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Approved by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program
Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date Prepared: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 1 Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:
1. Successfully complete the Pre-Assignment Training Course written examination with a minimum score of 70 percent to satisfactorily complete this mandated training.
Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training 8.2 Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
Curriculum Outline
I. Review Course Objectives
II. Administer Written Final Examination III. Course Conclusion
Appendix A
Administrator’s Guide
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
A.1
Course Planning
Only security guard training schools approved by DCJS may present this training.
A school must have a permanent location with a DCJS approved classroom setting. Approved classroom settings must provide a minimum of 16 square feet per student, with no more than 35 students per class. The facility must also include appropriate seating accommodations, audio visual aides, restroom facilities, heating and ventilation.
The 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards should be completed in one eight hour session. In the event the course cannot be conducted in one eight hour session, the sections may be provided over two, four hour sessions to be completed within a seven day period. Students must attend a single course, meaning they must start and finish training with the same group of students and instructors.
Once a student has successfully completed the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards, they do not have to attend the course again.
School Director The school director is entirely responsible for the administration of a security guard training school according to the minimum standards established by DCJS. The school director serves as the point of contact for all matters relating to the school.
The school director is responsible for the administration and supervision of required examinations in accordance with Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Part 6029(12) (b), for maintaining an accurate record of attendance for each security guard attending the course, and for accurate and timely submission of course completion forms. Such records should be available for inspection by DCJS.
Upon completing the course, the school director shall file with DCJS, no later than
seven days after the course end date; a DCJS approved Security Guard Training Class Roster / Notification of Successful Completion form for each student indicating the course title, school dates, school location, school director, and student information. The Class Roster / Notification of Successful Completion must contain the instructor’s original signature. Additionally, the school director must submit the Part I (red) Optical Mark Reader (OMR) form and the Part II (orange) OMR for each student. Pursuant to section 57-a of the Arts and Cultural Affairs Law, the school director shall retain all records, including correspondence, student attendance and performance, lesson plans and curriculum, handouts, and Security Guard Training Class Roster / Notification of Successful Completion forms, as required by the appropriate schedule for records retention and disposition promulgated by the Commissioner of Education.
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NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
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Currently, the schedule of retention is two (2) years. Such records shall be available for inspection by DCJS.
The Security Guard Program of the Division of Criminal Justice Services is available to provide technical assistance to the school directors.
Instructors
All instructors providing New York State mandated training must be certified
through the DCJS in accordance with Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Part 6029. This regulation applies to all instructors regardless of certification in other areas, including police instructors. Instructor certification may be granted upon demonstration of competency and subject matter expertise. Each instructor applicant must possess a high school diploma, or equivalent, and satisfy the minimum criteria established by DCJS. All instructors shall be responsible for disseminating the information in the modules assigned them according to the standards established by DCJS. Instructors may be called upon to provide documentation of their status and may be required to provide additional information to establish the competence of an instructor or for any other pertinent purpose.
Student Requirements
Anyone may attend the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards, however, in order to obtain a Security Guard Registration Card from the NYS Department of State, Division of Licensing Services, each student must:
• Be 18 years of age. • Be of good moral character. • Possess a high school diploma or its equivalent. • Be a citizen or resident alien of the United States. • Not have any convictions for a serious offense.
Attendance
Pursuant to Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Part 6027.12(a), “Attendance shall be required of each individual student for all sections of a security guard course.” The school director is responsible for maintaining an accurate record of attendance.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
A.3
Examinations
The passing of a written examination is required for the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards. Students must achieve a minimum passing score of 70% on the examination in order to successfully complete the course.
There is no requirement to retest students who fail an examination. However, schools may retest students who fail the first examination of any course. The retest must be administered within two days of the failure. Students who fail the retest will be required to repeat the course in its entirety.
Course Completion Forms
The school director is responsible for ensuring the Security Guard Training Class
Roster / Notification of Successful Completion is completed accurately and bears the school director’s original signature. In order to ensure records are entered accurately, this form must be typed and the box labeled (700) should be checked to indicate completion of the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards. The school director is responsible for accurately completing the Part I (red) and the Part II (orange) Optical Mark Reader (OMR) forms, or bubble sheets. In order to update the training records, DCJS must receive an accurate, legible OMR form for the instructor and one for each student. Incomplete or inaccurate forms cannot be processed. If the school director requires additional forms, please contact DCJS staff by telephone at (518) 457- 4135 or by facsimile at (518) 485- 7639.
Certificates of Successful Completion
Pursuant to Section 89-n(1) of the New York State General Business Law,...” upon completion of a required training course, a security guard shall receive from the provider a certificate evidencing satisfactory completion thereof in accordance with the requirements prescribed by the commissioner...” The certificate must be issued to the student. The student should retain the original to confirm the completion of training and should not submit originals to the Department of State when applying for a security guard registration card.
DCJS will provide a camera-ready copy of the course completion certificate to all schools approved to conduct mandated security guard training. This certificate is the only one authorized for documenting successful completion and may not be modified in any way.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
A.4
Questions If, after reviewing this guide, school directors or instructors have any questions or concerns, please contact DCJS staff prior to commencing training.
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety, Security Guard Program
4 Tower Place Albany, NY 12203-3764
(518) 457- 4135 www.criminaljustice.state.ny.us
Appendix B
Final Examination Question Bank
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.1
Final Examination Question Bank Select 50 questions from the bank of 100 test questions for the two 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training 25 question tests.
1. The Security Guard Act of 1992 became effective December 26, 1993. It applies to:
a. Proprietary Security Services. b. Contractual Security Services. c. Police and Peace Officers. d. a & b.
2. Which is not a part of the communication process?
a. Feedback. b. Repeating. c. Sender. d. Receiver.
3. The Security Guard Act (Article 7A) was attached to the:
a. Penal Law. b. Criminal Procedure Law. c. General Business Law. d. Public Officers Law.
4. Personal opinions and judgments should never be included in a report. ___T
___F
5. Which of the following is a major objective of the Legislature for security guards? a. Maximum standard for training. b. Minimum standard for training, employment, registration, enforcement,
liability, insurance coverage of security guards and the security guard industry within New York State.
c. Minimum licensing for Peace Officers. d. Deregulation of the Security Guard Industry.
6. Wood, paper and cloth is and example of a:
a. Class A fire. b. Class B fire c. Class C fire. d. Class D fire.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.2
7. The primary objective of the security guard is to: a. Arrest perpetrators. b. Increase the profit of the employer. c. Protect person and property from harm. d. Remove trespassers.
8. Fires involving highly flammable liquids are an example of:
a. Class A fire. b. Class B fire. c. Class C fire. d. Class D fire.
9. The role of the security guard includes:
a. Detection. b. Deterrence. c. Reporting. d. Prosecuting. e. All except (d).
10. Fires which involve electrical appliances are classified as:
a. Class A fire. b. Class B fire. c. Class C fire. d. Class D fire.
11. The best way to reduce employee theft is through:
a. Surveillance. b. Lectures on morality. c. Lectures on the punishment for the crime of larceny. d. Prevention.
12. The most important fire issue for security is prevention. ___T ___F
13. Emergency situations include:
a. Fires and Explosions b. Unauthorized parking in management parking lot. c. HAZMAT Spills. d. a & c.
14. People respond positively and cooperate with security guards who are courteous.
___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.3
15. Each of the following is not a general task of security guards. a. Crime prevention. b. Traffic control. c. Escort services. d. Acting as law enforcement officers.
16. Identification cards are often used to control access. ___T ___F
17. Misdemeanors are punishable by:
a. Imprisonment for 5 years. b. Imprisonment for 1 year to 5 years. c. Imprisonment from 15 days to 1 year. d. A fine but no imprisonment.
18. Safety is an important duty of a security guard’s job. ___T ___F
19. Which of the following will not support an arrest?
a. Personal observation. b. Information from the police. c. A hunch, instinct, or suspicious act. d. A confession.
20. A report is not complete unless it covers all of the details known about the
incident. ___T ___F
21. If a security guard makes a legal mistake they can be sued and arrested. The
lawsuits are: a. Civil. b. Criminal. c. Civil rights. d. All of the above.
22. In a fire, a security guard should sound the alarm first before using the fire
extinguisher. ___T ___F
23. Which of the following is the most serious?
a. Felony. b. Misdemeanor. c. Violations. d. Infractions.
24. When evacuating a building due to a fire bomb threat or an explosion, the
security guard should clear the people to at least 300 feet away. ___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.4
25. A private individual may use physical force to:
a. Effect and arrest. b. To prevent an escape from custody. c. To defend himself / herself or a third person. d. a & b only. e. a, b, & c.
26. Which of the following is not a man made barrier?
a. Water. b. Fences. c. Lock. d. Alarms.
27. Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. If a security guard is in a position to legally arrest or use force he / she should do so, regardless of company policy.
b. Security guards have a duty to act as police officers. c. Any person may arrest another person for a felony, when in fact; the other
person has committed a felony. d. If the security guard is in uniform, it is not necessary to inform the person
being arrested of the reason for the arrest.
28. An armed security guard is the same as a police officer. ___T ___F
29. Felonies are punishable by: a. Imprisonment for 5 years. b. Imprisonment from 1 year to 10 years. c. Imprisonment from 15 days to 2 years. d. More than 1 year.
30. Effective listening is an important a part of the communication process. ___T
__F
31. Upon arrest of a person, a security guard must: a. Inform the person of the reason for the arrest. b. Deliver the person without unnecessary delay to the local police. c. Inform the perpetrator of your authority to make the arrest. d. All of the above.
32. Since most bomb threats are usually no more than nuisance calls, you should
immediately hang up on the caller. ___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.5
33. The security guard is given authority to arrest by: a. New York State Law. b. Common Law. c. Employer’s policies and procedures. d. All of the above.
34. Reporting violations to supervisors is part of the Code of Ethics. ___T ___F
35. A security guard’s primary objectives do not include deterring crime. ___T ___F
36. Security guards may arrest a person based on reasonable cause. ___T ___F
37. When responding to a fire, the security guard should consider:
a. What the classification is. b. What type of extinguisher to be used. c. Is decontamination necessary. d. All of the above.
38. As a general rule, which human sense should not be used:
a. Hearing. b. Seeing. c. Tasting. d. Smelling. e. Touching.
39. When a hazardous material accident happens, it is best for a security guard to:
a. Try to handle it themselves. b. Immediately contact the mental health authorities. c. Notify the proper authorities; county, state, or federal. d. Evacuate the area and all surrounding buildings.
40. Protecting life and property is part of the definition of private security. ___T ___F
41. Which of the following is not considered an emergency?
a. Accidental explosions. b. Strike / picket actions. c. Civil disturbances. d. Installations of a new gas line.
42. Protecting life and property is part of the definition of private security. ___T ___F
43. Non violent civil disturbances are generally legal, but if they threaten personnel
or property, they could be considered illegal. ___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.6
44. Deadly force can only be used by a security guard if he / she or others are
threatened to the point of being in fear for their lives. ___T ___F
45. Which of the following is not part of the communication process? a. Sender. b. Feedback. c. Receiver. d. Translation.
46. Crime prevention is more important than apprehending criminals. ___T ___F
47. Which of the following is an obstacle to effective communication?
a. Sincerity. b. Listening skills. c. Interpreting. d. Prejudices.
48. Observing a crime as it is being committed is a fact. ___T ___F
49. Which of the following is not a type of non-verbal communication?
a. Posture. b. Eye contact. c. Physiological changes. d. Sarcasm. e. All of the above.
50. Communication is the process of conveying information so there is a mutual
understanding. ___T ___F
51. Every security guard should try to develop good listening skills. ___T ___F
52. A security guard can, at his discretion, always request that a person provide an additional type of identification. ___T ___F
53. Access control includes:
a. Locks and keys. b. Alarms. c. Closed circuit TV (CCTV). d. All of the above.
54. A misdemeanor carries a sentence of less than a year of imprisonment. ___T
___F
55. Security guards may be excused from identifying an employee. ___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.7
56. Fires consisting of burning wood, paper, and cloth, are classified as:
a. Class B and C fires. b. Class C fires. c. Class A and B fires. d. Class A fires.
57. There are many threats to Industry and Governments. Which of the following is
not considered a threat? a. Terrorism. b. Espionage. c. Sabotage. d. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act).
58. The following statement is true.
a. Class C fires consist of combustible gases. b. Class C fires consist of energized electrical equipment. c. Class C fires consist of gasoline or kerosene. d. Class C fires can burn without fuel or air.
59. Terrorism is never caused by an employee. ___T ___F
60. All of the following are examples of emergency situations except:
a. Fires and bomb threats. b. Medical emergencies and labor strikes. c. Crime prevention and random patrol. d. Riots and civil disturbances.
61. In order to determine the level of access control to provide, the security guard
must be aware of the threat potential. ___T ___F
62. Which of the following is part of the Code of Ethics for security guards? a. Protecting life and property. b. Taking advantage of training opportunities. c. Cooperating with law enforcement. d. Reporting work rule violations. e. All of the above are part of the Code of Ethics.
63. One of the primary reasons for a log-in procedure is the accountability of
people that are in a particular area in the event of an emergency. ___T ___F
64. A security guard deters criminal activity on his employer’s property. ___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.8
65. Threat potential means: a. An assessment of the possible risk and or hazards which is used to
determine the level of access control necessary to safeguard employees, property and information from being compromised by unauthorized persons.
b. Not paying attention to details. c. Evaluating your relationship with your fellow employees. d. b, c, & d.
66. As long as a security guard prevents a crime he / she does not have to
document the incident. ___T ___F
63. The three types of access control are: a. Environmental design, physical security, security personnel. b. Guns, batons, and brass knuckles. c. Whips, insulting remarks. d. Knives, guns, batons.
68. While acting in the performance of their duties, a security guard may disregard
all local laws. ___T ___F
69. A security guard cannot request additional identification even if they are not satisfied with the documentation presented. ___T ___F
70. A security guard can be arrested if he / she breaks the law when off duty. ___T
___F
71. Adopting and implementing a Code of Ethics would: a. Promote guilt and suspicion. b. Reduce morale. c. Benefit the employer only. d. Benefit the employer and the security officer.
71. A registered and fully trained security guard, in New York State, has the same
legal authority as a Peace Officer. ___T ___F
72. Which of the following is considered to be an unethical practice? a. Immediately reporting violations of the law or rules. b. Accepting presents or tips for a job well done. c. Not allowing your personal feelings to interfere with your duties. d. Failure to report a criminal act. e. b & d.
74. Written and verbal communication skills are the most important tools that a
security guard can develop. ___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.9
75. A Code of Ethics is a measure of a person’s activities against a standard of
behavior. ___T ___F
76. The basic elements of access control and identification include: a. Visual recognition. b. Written documentation. c. Third party authorization. d. Security escort. e. All of the above.
68. Security guards are held, by the general public, to a higher degree of integrity
than the average employee. ___T ___F
69. The three types of access control devices include environmental design, physical security and private security. ___T ___F
70. Accepting reduce price in the cafeteria where you work as a security guard is
part of the reward for doing a difficult job. ___T ___F
74. Terrorism is defined as: An overt act which causes fear, panic and, normally, disrupts a business. ___T ___F
75. Detecting drug abuse, in the work place by employees, is not the responsibility
of the security guard, only the police officer. ___T ___F
76. The New York State Security Guard Act applies to: a. Proprietary Security Guards only. b. Contractual Security Guards only. c. Both Proprietary and Contractual Security Guards. d. Armed Security Guards only.
83. An employer loses money through theft of property, not through theft of time.
___T ___F
84. After a security guard has aided the arrest of a perpetrator, he / she does not have to appear in court. ___T ___F
85. A private security guard, a police officer, and a peace officer all have the same
legal authority. ___T ___F
86. A confession is an example of a factor which supports an arrest. ___T ___F
87. It is not necessary to touch a person in order to affect a legal arrest. ___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.10
88. The three components of the communication process are the sender, the
receiver and feedback. ___T ___F
89. A security guard may search an employee at any time at the place of employment. ___T ___F
68. An elevator failure is never considered an example of an emergency. ___T
___F
90. A security guard has arrest powers regardless of company rules, regulations, and policies. ___T ___F
74. Strict log-in procedures should be followed by security guards because:
a. They discourage unauthorized personnel from signing in. b. Security guards will be aware of all occupied workspaces. c. The procedures document compliance with an employer’s guidelines. d. All of the above.
93. Bomb threats should always be taken seriously. ___T ___F
94. Eyewitness identification is an important factor when a security guard makes an
arrest. ___T ___F
95. Communication is limited to the spoken word and does not include any unspoken words or gestures. ___T ___F
96. The following statement is false:
a. A security guard may arrest a person for a misdemeanor if it is committed in New York State.
b. A security guard may arrest a person for a felony in New York State. c. A security guard may arrest a person for a traffic infraction anywhere in
New York State. d. A security guard may use force to affect an arrest.
97. The most effective way to deter mischief, crime, and other acts of violence is by
doing random patrols while maintaining high visibility and a high profile uniform appearance. ___T ___F
98. The duties of security guards include all of the following except:
a. Patrol of assigned company property. b. Prevention of crime on company property. c. Arresting offenders on your day off. d. Reporting unusual occurrences on company property. e. Preventing employee thefts.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.11
99. The most detrimental actions that a security guard can perform while on patrol
is to fall into a set pattern or routine while performing their duties. ___T ___F
100. Reporting unethical acts by his fellow guards is not part of a security guard’s duties. ___T ___F
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)
B.12
Final Examination Question Bank - Answer Key 1. d 43. True 85. False 2. b 44. True 86. True 3. c 45. d 87. True 4. True 46. True 88. True 5. b 47. d 89. False 6. a 48. True 90. False 7. c 49. d 91. False 8. b 50. True 92. d 9. e 51. True 93. True 10. c 52. True 94. True 11. d 53. d 95. False 12. True 54. True 96. c 13. d 55. d 97. True 14. True 56. d 99. True 15. d 57. d 100. False 16. True 58. b 17. c 59. False 18. T 60. c 19. c 61. True 20. True 62. e 21. d 63. True 22. True 64. True 23. a 65. a 24. True 66. False 25. e 67. a 26. a 68. False 27. c 69. False 28. False 70. True 29. d 71. d 30. True 72. False 31. d 73. b 32. False 74. True 33. d 75. True 34. True 76. e 35. False 77. True 36. False 78. True 37. d 79. False 38. c 80. d 39. c 81. False 40. True 82. c 41. d 83. False 42. True 84. False