eficacy obat tradisional

EFICACY, SAFETY AND TOXICITY OF THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINESBy: Prof. Dr. ARMENIA, MS. Apt.

backgrownMost people in non-industrialised countries (6080%) receive traditional health care (THC) for their everyday health care needs. (own or in conjunction with modern medical care) (WHODemand for traditional medicine in many countries (Bannerman, 1993). Since 1977, traditional healers should be part of the primary health care team (WHO, 1978a). The needs for improvement quality and safety standards THC as a complementary therapy.

LATAR BELAKANGOBAT TRADISIONAL PUNYA KERJA FARMAKOLOGI DAN MEMPENGARUHI PASIENTIDAK SEMUANYA AMANDPT BERINTERAKSI DNG OBAT MODERN PERLU DICARI TAHU SEJARAH PENGOBATAN PASIEN

TRADITIONAL MEDICINEREASONS FOR RENEWED PUBLIC INTEREST IN COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE (TRADITIONAL) MEDICINES:

1. increased side effects2. lack of curative treatment for several chronic diseases,3. high cost of new drugs4. microbial resistance 5. emerging diseasesOF MODERN MEDICINES

characteristicsCHEAPEASY TO OBTAINLOW RISK OF SIDE EFFECT (SAFE)FULFILL MONOSUBSTANCE MULTYSUBSTANCES (COMBINATION) THERAPY PARADIGM

disadvantages(1) Language difficulty it is difficult to translate into modern terminology (2) imprecision and lack of consistency in describing the uses of herbs; (3) lack of information on chemical constitution,(4) difficulties over identification and taxonomic status

SUMBER OBAT TRADISIONALTANAMAN (LAUT/DARAT)HEWAN (DARAT/LAUT)MINERAL

KATEGORIPRODUK HERBAL TERDAFTARHERBAL KERING BELUM TERDAFTARPRODUK HERBAL YG DIJUAL SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN, TAK ADA KHASIAT KHUSUS

?SAFETOXIC EFFECTIVE

PERSPECTIVEEFEKTIVE CHEMICAL CONTENTSTOXIC YES OR NO CONTAMINATION (OTHER CHEMICAL/MICROBES)DOSE AND DURATION OF USING TIME OF HARVESTING METHODS OF PREPARATIONPART OF PLANT USED ETC.SAVETY RESTORE THE BALANCE OF HEALTH (HOMEOPATHIC >< ALLOPATHIC

adverse events may be difficult to identify. First, one often does not have adequate information about the potential for a specific adverse event. Second,patients who are using complementary therapies and their providers often fail to report abnormal events or symptoms as an adverse event (Blendon, DesRoches, Benson, Brodie, & Altman, 2001).

adverse events (Cont.)Third, many experts disagree on whether an adverse event has actually occurred. Fourth, there is currently no organized state or national system for reporting adverse effects of complementary and alternative therapy

NOTES FOR BOTANICAL MED.SPECIESMATERIALS (PART OF PLANTS)DOSETIME OF USINGDISEASEPREPARATIONINTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS!

MEDICAL TREATMENTEvidence-based medicine (EBM) /Information-based medicine (IBM)

TM experiential basis >< experimental basis

OBJECTIVES:The need to achieve optimal efficacywhile avoiding adverse drug reactions and medical errors.

TM requirementsConsistency AND Quality in composition and biological activity FOR safe and effective use of therapeutic agents (botanical medicine).Government Policies and regulatoryframeworkssafety, efficacy and qualityaccessrational use.

WHOTraditional medicine is based on the needsof individuals. Different people may receive different treatments even if, according to modern medicine, they suffer from the same disease. Traditional medicine is based on a belief that each individual has his or her own constitution and social circumstances which result in different reactions to causes of disease and treatment.

national policy to promote public awareness of and access to traditional medicine; to evaluate the economic potential of traditional medicine; to establish appropriate standards for traditional medicine;

national policy to encourage and strengthen research into evidence-based practice of traditional medicine; to foster respect for the cultural integrity of traditional medicine; and to formulate policies on the protection and conservation of health resources.

Beberapa obat dari tanaman

Obat Kegunaan klinik Spesies Aspirin Analgetik, antiinflamsi Filipendula ulmaria Atropin Dilator pupil Atropa belladonna Dikumarol Antitrombosit Melilotus officinalis Digoksin Gagaljantung Digitalis purpurea Digitoksin Gagaljantung D. purpurea Ipratropium Bronkodilator H. niger Quinidin Antiaritmia C. pubescens Reserpin Antihipertensi Rauvolfia canescens Emetin Antiamuba Psychotria pecacuantha Efedrin Bronkodilator Ephedra sinica Hiosiamin Antikolinergik Hyoscyamus niger Ipecac Emetik P. ipecacuantha Vinkristin Leukaemia Catharanthus roseus

Formulation Means of PreparationInfusion Near-boiling water poured on herb for 510 minutesTea (tisane) Infusion of aromatic herbsDecoction Simmer herb for 15 minutes, then strainMaceration Steep herb in room-temperature waterTincture Steep herb in ethyl alcohol and waterFluid extract 1 part herb to 1 part ethyl alcoholGlycerin extract Steep herb in glycerinwater mixJuice Juice expressed by crushing herbInhalation Breathe in vapor from heated herb mixOil Steep herb in olive or other plant oil

Formulation Means of PreparationOintment Herb salve made with lanolin or beeswaxLozenge Herb preparation that dissolves in the mouthPowder Dried powdered herbTablet Compressed herb material in pill formCapsuleEncapsulated herbal materialSyrup Concentrated sugar solution to preserve infusionCompress Cloth soaked in herbal solutionPoultice Application of moist herbal paste

Herbal Preparation Type of Toxicity

Aristolochia NephrotoxicityBloodroot General toxicityChaparral tea Liver toxicityColtsfoot tea Possible carcinogen, liver toxicityComfrey tea Liver toxicityEphedra (ma huang) Arrhythmias, stroke, elevated blood pressureLobelia Nervous system toxicity, respiratory paralysisPennyroyal CNS stimulationSassafras (safrole) tea CarcinogenYohimbe CNS stimulation, psychosis

Plants That Can Be Used for Common Ailments ActionBotanical NameAnalgesicsDatura suaveolen, Albizia sp., Cannabis sativa, Papaver somniferumSedativesRauwolfia vomitoria, Datura stramoniumOpportunistic Allium sativa (Garlic), Cannabis sativainfections/symptomsImmunomodulatorsWithania somnifera, Aloe sp., Loranthus (Mistletoe)AntibioticsLeonotis nepetifolia, Albizia sp.,Erythrina abyssinica, Aristolochia elegansAntiviralsWithania somnifera, Aspilia africana /pluriseta Antipyretics (fevers)Entanda abyssinica, Boerhavia repens, Albizia sp.

Plants That Can Be Used for Common Ailments ActionBotanical NameAntipyretics (fevers)Entanda abyssinica, Boerhavia repens, Albizia sp.Neuralgia Securinega virosa, Cucurbita maxima EnteritisAbrus precatoriousAnti-diarrhoeaPaullinia pinnata, Priva cordifolia Anti-emeticsAmbrosia maritime, Erythrina abyssinicaAnti-fungalCassia alata, Bridelia ferruginea, Dracaena manniPruritusClerodendrum rotundifoliaAppetiteCannabis sativa

WHO Expected outcomes Increased government support for TM/CAM, through comprehensive nationalpolicies on TM/CAM. Relevant TM/CAM integrated intonational health care system services. Increased recording and preservation ofindigenous knowledge of TM, includingdevelopment of digital TM libraries

Safety, efficacy and quality Evidence-base for TM/CAM. (emphasis on priority health problems such as malaria and HIV/AIDS). Regulation of herbal medicines. ( for registration and quality assurance of herbal medicines). Guidelines on safety, efficacy and quality. Develop and support implementation of technical guidelines for ensuring the safety, efficacy and quality control of herbal medicines and other TM/CAM products and therapies.

Tradisional medication

VIRGIN COCONUT OIL, Obat mujarap segala penyakit ?. 1. Batuk pilek, 3 kali sehari satu sendok makan, paling cepat 3 hari hari sembuh. 2. Luka luka kecil/ baret2/ luka jahitan, di olesi dan di kompres dengan kapas, ganti pagi-sore. Barengi juga dengan diminum satu sendok makan 3 kali sehari. 3. Bisul, jerawat, biang keringat, boleh di olesi sampai di kompress dengan kapas. Barengi juga dengan diminum 2 kali sehari satu sendol makan. 4. Berat badan saya yang overweight juga jadi berkurang meskipun tanpa diet makan dan kurang olahraga. 5. Stamina saya juga stabil, tidak lekas capai. Dari bangun pagi sampai mau tidur. Dan tidur pun lebih pulas.

Resep Tradisional untuk Radang Usus.Bahan : - 7 lembar daun kumis kucing - 3 lembar daun imbau - 1 ruas dlingo bengkle / lengkuas Cara Mengolah : bahan2 tersebut dikeringkan diatas api ( tidak boleh dikeringkan di sinar matahari), setelah itu di tumbuk jadi satu. Tumbukkan dari bahan-bahan ini berwarna hitam seperti serbuk arang. campur bahan yg telah di tumbuk dgn sebutir telor ayam kampung dan beri madu. Aduk rata dan jika pengadukan benar maka bau amisnya akan berkurang. Dosis : 1 x sehari selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Kemudian tunggu dan jangan di minum lagi. Proses penyembuhannya memang agak lambat tapi manjur dan alami. Jika terasa masih sakit. Ramuan ini bisa di ulang setelah 2 minggu. dan untuk waktu penggunaan 3 hari saja. Biasanya orang tuaku membuat ramuan bubuk itu sekaligus dan bisa di simpan untuk waktu yang lama asalkan di bungkus dalam bungkus kertas bersih dan dimasukkan dalam toples. Sehingga sewaktu-waktu memerlukan dapat langsung digunakan.

CONCLUSIONS ?PLEASE WRITE DOWN YOUR CONCLUSIONS !

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