Effects of Traffic on urban environment

Effects of Traffic/Transportation on urban environment

Presented by:2005-cte-072005-cte-142005-cte-26

OUTLINE• Introduction

• Development of Transport

• POSITIVE IMPACT OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

• NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ON THE

ENVIRONMENT

• Suggestions

Introduction

Traffic“The passage of people or vehicles along routes

of transportation”Urban Area An urban area is an area with an increased

density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations.

Transport Development and Urbanization

Development of Transport“Evolution of transport means and Increase in people’s trip”

Trend of Car Ownership Car ownership and income level

POSITIVE IMPACT OF ROADTRANSPORTATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

• Mobility of the urban dwellers would have been impossible without road transportation

• Commodity movement

• Aesthetic Effects

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

• Air Pollution • Noise Pollution

• Water Pollution

• Expansion

• Road Traffic Accidents

• Traffic congestion, Parking Problems

Expansion

Air Pollution

Vehicle emissions affect people’s health

Recent study estimated that 399 people will die prematurely each year because of vehicle air pollution!!!.

Exhaust

emissions

metals

particles

SOx

VOCs

NOx

CO

CO2

Refuellinglosses

Evaporative emissions

Tyre wearRubber & metals

Brake pad wearmetals Oil, grease, hydraulic,

fuel lossesRoad wear - dust, sediment

What are the land transport contaminants?

Transport and GHG Emission in DevelopingCountries • Rapid increase in both ownership and use of car

• To own a personal car is a great desire of people

• Increase in car ownership in accordance with income levelis inevitable Car is intensively used, because of relatively low variable cost compared with high fixed cost

• As a result, Energy consumption by transport in developingcountries has been increasing by 4 % annually (2.7% inwhole world)

• GHG emission volume is increasing in 3 times higher rate ofthat in developed countries4-1

• Developing countries account a considerable share in total volume of GHG emission

• Geographical location of impact of GHGemission is independent on that of source

• Marginal cost to reduce emission in adeveloping country is less than in a developedcountry

Noise Pollution

Noise and vibrations can affect people who live or work near busy roads, rail facilities, ports and airports, or under flight paths.

This can cause stress, exacerbate existing medical conditions and interfere with daily activities such as communicating or sleeping. High levels of noise can depress property values.

Heavy metals and petroleum products from vehicles can contaminate the land and stormwater.

Transport is also responsible for some of the extensive heavy metal contamination of some harbours and estuarine areas. Contaminated stormwater can make receiving water unsafe to swim in, drink, or collect shellfish.

Culverts for transport infrastructure can disrupt fish migration. Suspended sediments, from road works for example, can affect water clarity, favouring species that prefer cloudy conditions.

Transporting hazardous substances carries a risk of spillage. Marine oil spills can devastate marine and coastal environments.

Water Pollution

• Transport infrastructure (such as roads or parking spaces) covers 25-30 percent of land in most modern cities.

• Transport allows urban expansion, which can consume or damage valuable agricultural lands, natural habitats,

• Urban expansion can create inefficient travel patterns and congestion. Habitat fragmentation by roads or rail tracks can lead to biodiversity losses, and provide corridors for the spread of pests and weeds.

Expansion

Road Traffic Accidents

• 500 children die in road accidents every day

• Unless we act now, road traffic fatalities in the poorest countries will almost double by 2020.

• The World Bank is taking action to address road safety as a development priority.

SUGGESTIONS FOR REDUCING THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ON EVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

• Mandatory EIA• Intermodal Coordination• Use of Non-Motorized Transport• Telecommunication• Regulation of imported vehicles• Traffic Restraint Methods

SUGGESTIONS FOR REDUCING THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ON EVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

• Use of Transport Infrastructure• Use of Mass Transit• Bus Priority• Traffic Education• Regular post-project monitoring of road projects• Rehabilitating of borrow pits from road

construction• Implementation and Enforcement of the National

Policy on the Environment