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EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE BALANCE OF NATURE
Prepared by: Ms. Bernabeth Jo T. Tendero
DEFORESTATION
2002 DENR status report on land classification
DEFORESTATION
Actual Forest Cover 2 million ha.
DIPTEROCARP FORESTS
MOSSY FORESTS
PINE FORESTS
MANGROVE FORESTS
DEFORESTATION
Rate of decrease in Forest Cover – 2% per yearabout 130 000 ha per year
1997, 5.4 M ha out of 10M ha mentioned above remained
Out of the 5.4 M ha 804 900 ha are old dipterocarp forests
PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
Indiscriminate Logging
PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
Indiscriminate Logging
PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
Shifting cultivation (Kaingin Farming)
PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
Forest Fires
PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
Conversion to agricultural land
PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
Human Settlements
EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS
Greater Erosion
EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS
More Floods
EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS
Less protection of Coastal areas from erosion and wave action
EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS
Less income for people whose livelihood depends on Forest Products
Less Protection of Fragile Ecosystems from typhoon winds and rains
EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS
Fewer trees to draw or remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
EFFECTS OF DECREASE IN FORESTS COVERS
Depletion of wildlife resources
WILDLIFE DEPLETION
Wildlife – generally refers to plants and animal species, both terrestrial and aquatic, thriving in their natural habitat
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Mouse deer or Pilandok (Tragulus nigricans)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Philippine deer or usa (Cervus mariannus)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Palawan peacock pheasant (Polyplectron emphanum)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE Giant Scops Owl or kwago (Mimizuku
gurneyi)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE Kock’s pitta or liaco (Pitta kochi)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Mindoro’s imperial pigeon or balud (Dacula mindorensis)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE Eastern sarus crane or tipol (Grus antigone
sharpii )
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Rufous hornbill or kalaw (Buceros hydrocorax)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Dugong or duyong (Dugong dugon)
ENDANGERED WILDLIFE
Green Sea Turtle or pawikan (Chelonia mydas)
CAUSE OF WILDLIFE DISAPPEARANCE
Habitat lossDioscoro Rabor – rapid reduction of forest cover birds in Philippine forests disappear faster than scientists can identify them
Extinction vs. Speciation appearance of new species as a result of
continuous evolution (2 000-100 000 generations before evolution occurs)
Rate of extinction (100 species/day worldwide) exceeds speciation
DESTRUCTION OF COASTAL RESOURCES
COASTAL RESOURCES
Coral Reefs and Mangroves- serves as breeding grounds and nurseries of marine fishes
HARM DONE TO CORAL REEFS
Siltation due to erosion
HARM DONE TO CORAL REEFS
Destructive Fishing Method
HARM DONE TO CORAL REEFS
Coastal Development
HARM DONE TO MANGROVES
Overharvesting Conversion of Mangrove areas to fishponds,