Effects of Effects of Dihydrocapsiate on Dihydrocapsiate on Adaptive and Diet- Adaptive and Diet- Induced Thermogenesis Induced Thermogenesis with High Protein Very with High Protein Very Low Calorie Diet Low Calorie Diet TY Amy Lee MD TY Amy Lee MD Zhaoping Li MD, PhD Zhaoping Li MD, PhD Alona Zerlin RD Alona Zerlin RD Susan Bowerman RD Susan Bowerman RD Gail Thames Gail Thames David Heber MD, PhD David Heber MD, PhD Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California Los Angeles, California [email protected][email protected]
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Effects of Dihydrocapsiate on Adaptive and Diet-Induced Thermogenesis with High Protein Very Low Calorie Diet TY Amy Lee MD Zhaoping Li MD, PhD Alona Zerlin.
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Effects of Dihydrocapsiate on Effects of Dihydrocapsiate on Adaptive and Diet-Induced Adaptive and Diet-Induced Thermogenesis with High Thermogenesis with High
Protein Very Low Calorie DietProtein Very Low Calorie DietTY Amy Lee MDTY Amy Lee MD
Zhaoping Li MD, PhDZhaoping Li MD, PhDAlona Zerlin RDAlona Zerlin RD
Susan Bowerman RDSusan Bowerman RDGail ThamesGail Thames
David Heber MD, PhDDavid Heber MD, PhDCenter for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of
Medicine, University of CaliforniaMedicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CaliforniaLos Angeles, California
Doesn’t reach the Doesn’t reach the tongue due to structural tongue due to structural differencedifference
10001000thth x less potent x less potent Sympathetic activitySympathetic activity Increase thermogenesisIncrease thermogenesis
ObjectivesObjectives
Examine the effects of DCT on both Examine the effects of DCT on both adaptive thermogenesis as the result adaptive thermogenesis as the result of caloric restriction with a high of caloric restriction with a high protein, very low calorie dietprotein, very low calorie diet
Determine whether DCT would Determine whether DCT would increase post-prandial energy (PPEE) increase post-prandial energy (PPEE) in response to 400 calories/ 60 in response to 400 calories/ 60 grams protein liquid mealgrams protein liquid meal
Inclusion Criteria:Inclusion Criteria:
Men over age of 30 and Men over age of 30 and postmenopausal womenpostmenopausal women
Nonsmoker or smoke less than 1 Nonsmoker or smoke less than 1 cigarette a daycigarette a day
Subject willing to go on a VLCD as Subject willing to go on a VLCD as meal replacementmeal replacement
Can sign the IRB/ informed consentCan sign the IRB/ informed consent
Exclusion CriteriaExclusion Criteria More than 30 minutes of exercise/ More than 30 minutes of exercise/
weekweek Diabetes, uncontrolled BP (>160/95), Diabetes, uncontrolled BP (>160/95),
Major surgeries in past 12 weeksMajor surgeries in past 12 weeks > 1 alcohol beverage/ day or tobacco> 1 alcohol beverage/ day or tobacco Antidepressants or weight loss Antidepressants or weight loss
supplementsupplement Allergy to chili peppersAllergy to chili peppers
No significant change of chemistry, liver function tests
ResultsResults
CAPSINOIDs PLACEBO TOTAL
Study group (randomized) 32 15 47
Screened but never started 0 0 3
Had at least one dose 0 0 0
Stopped at 1 week 1 1 2
Stopped at 2 week 8 3 13
Stopped at 3 week 0 0 0
Completed 4 weeks 15 18 33
Change of Body WeightChange of Body Weight
Resting Metabolic RateResting Metabolic Ratekcal/
day
Figure 1 Changes of average of energy expenditure adjusted by fat free mass (EE/FFM) from 1h to 4h during diet induced thermogenesis at Day 28. FFM was determined by BODPOD. Values are shown mean and SE. *; P<0.05 vs placebo.
placebo 9 mg 3 mg
Ch
an
ge o
f E
E/F
FM
( kc
al/d
ay/
kg)
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0 *
Postprandial Energy Expenditure
Ch
an
ge
of
RQ
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
Figure 2 Changes of average of respiratory quotient (RQ) from 1h to 4h during diet induced thermogenesis at Day 28. Values are shown mean and SE. *; P<0.05 vsplacebo.
placebo 9 mg 3 mg
**
ConclusionsConclusions
We did not see any significant change We did not see any significant change of the adaptive thermogenesis with the of the adaptive thermogenesis with the VLCD program. VLCD program.
DCT significantly increased DCT significantly increased postprandial energy expenditure. postprandial energy expenditure.
InterpretationInterpretation No weight change was detected in this 4 No weight change was detected in this 4
week study.week study. This may have been due to the effects of the This may have been due to the effects of the
VLCD on weight change in an outpatient VLCD on weight change in an outpatient setting overwhelming the effects of the DCT. setting overwhelming the effects of the DCT.
Increased fat metabolism was observed with Increased fat metabolism was observed with an increase of RQ after the 400 cal/ 60 g an increase of RQ after the 400 cal/ 60 g protein test meal challenge but there was no protein test meal challenge but there was no interference with the adaptive decrease interference with the adaptive decrease in thermogenesis seen with VLCD.in thermogenesis seen with VLCD.
DiscussionDiscussion
DCT stimulate thermogenesis in DCT stimulate thermogenesis in animals, and activate the neuronal animals, and activate the neuronal TRPV1 receptors on vagal afferent TRPV1 receptors on vagal afferent nerves in the intestine leading to nerves in the intestine leading to increased SNS activity with uncoupling increased SNS activity with uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading of oxidative phosphorylation leading to heat production.to heat production.
PPEE was also observed in this study PPEE was also observed in this study after subjects took in 400 calories / 60 after subjects took in 400 calories / 60 g proteing protein
Future Research Directions
Need longer term studies with a less intensive diet to detect the effects of 9 mg of dihydrocapsiate per day vs. placebo on weight and obesity-associated co-morbidities.